Dissertationen zum Thema „Thermal physiological responses“
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Lewis, Stella Anne. „Physiological and cellular level responses of Enteromorpha spp. to chemical and thermal stress“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2147.
Basson, Christine Helene. „Thermal adaptation in the lizard Cordylus oelofseni : physiological and behavioural responses to temperature variation“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95471.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As ectotherms, lizards are particularly vulnerable to changes in the thermal landscape and face extinction risk if they lack the capacity to rapidly adapt or behaviourally mitigate increasingly altered thermal environments. Theoretical models that predict lizards‟ response to climate change often fail to take into account the thermal characteristics of the microenvironment, the ability of lizards to behaviourally buffer climate variation in the habitat and the plastic nature of both behaviour and physiology over ecologically relevant time-scales. Here, I address this major knowledge gap using two separate research chapters in an experimental physiology approach. In Chapter 1, I investigated the temperature-dependence and plasticity of resting metabolic rate, water-loss rate and preferred body temperature of Cordylus oelofseni at several temporal scales (within and between seasons) and incorporated field observations to acquire a better understanding of this species‟ adaptive potential to buffer thermal changes in the habitat. Cordylus oelofseni showed plasticity of both behaviour and physiology in response to thermal acclimation, but relied on distinct strategies depending on the time-scale investigated. These results highlighted the complexity of underlying mechanisms used by these organisms to buffer temperature variation. In Chapter 2, I used an experimental approach to examine the energetic costs of thermoregulation in C. oelofseni and test the cost-benefit model of thermoregulation. This model‟s primary prediction states that lizards should thermoregulate carefully only when the associated costs are low. Using four enclosures that simulated different thermal qualities (temporal and spatial distributions of operative temperatures) in the habitat, I found limited support for the cost-benefit model. Lizards in the low-quality heterogeneous enclosures invested the same energetic effort and thermoregulated with similar overall accuracy as lizards in the high-quality heterogeneous enclosure. The costs incurred were not necessarily energetic, but reflected missed opportunities (e.g. less time to forage), something that, along with important interaction effects with body mass, deserves further attention when testing this model. Together, these results illustrate the importance of incorporating ecological reality at various time and spatial scales in order to make relevant predictions regarding the fate of lizards with projected climate change.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As ektotermiese diere, is akkedisse veral sensitief vir veranderinge in die termiese landskap en staar uitsterwingsrisiko in die gesig as hulle nie die vermoë het om vinnig aan te pas of gedragsveranderinge te maak in omgewings wat toenemend verwarm nie. Teoretiese modelle wat akkedisse se reaksie op klimaatsverandering voorspel, neem dikwels nie die termiese eienskappe van die mikro-omgewing, die vermoë van akkedisse om met gedragsveranderinge klimaat variasie in die habitat te buffer en die plastieke aard van beide gedrag en fisiologie oor ekologies relevante tydskale in ag nie. Hier bespreek ek hierdie groot kennisgaping met behulp van twee afsonderlike navorsingshoofstukke in 'n eksperimentele fisiologie benadering. In Hoofstuk 1 het ek ondersoek ingestel na die temperatuur-afhanklikheid en plastisiteit van rustende metaboliese tempo, waterverlies tempo en voorkeur liggaamstemperatuur van Cordylus oelofseni by verskeie tydskale (binne en tussen seisoene) en inkorporeer veld waarnemings om 'n beter begrip te verkry van hierdie spesie se aanpasbare potensiaal om termiese veranderinge in die habitat te buffer. Cordylus oelofseni het plastisiteit van beide gedrag en fisiologie in reaksie op hitte-akklimatisering getoon, maar staatgemaak op verskillende strategieë, afhangende van die tyd-skaal wat ondersoek is. Hierdie resultate beklemtoon die kompleksiteit van die onderliggende meganismes wat gebruik word deur hierdie organisme om temperatuur verandering te buffer. In Hoofstuk 2 het ek 'n eksperimentele benadering gebruik om die energiekoste van termoregulering in C. oelofseni te ondersoek en die kostevoordeel model van termoregulering te toets. Hierdie model se primêre voorspelling verklaar dat akkedisse slegs versigtig moet termoreguleer wanneer die gepaardgaande koste laag is. Deur gebruik te maak van vier afskortings wat verskillende termiese eienskappe gesimuleer het (tyd en ruimtelike verspreiding van operatiewe temperature) in die habitat, het ek beperkte ondersteuning gevind vir die koste-voordeel model. Akkedisse in die lae-gehalte heterogene afskortings het dieselfde energieke moeite belê en getermoreguleer met soortgelyke algehele akkuraatheid as akkedisse in die hoë-gehalte heterogene kamp. Die kostes wat aangegaan is, is nie noodwendig energiek nie, maar weerspieël geleenthede wat gemis is (bv. minder tyd om kos te soek), iets wat, saam met belangrike interaksie effekte met liggaamsmassa, verdere aandag verdien wanneer hierdie model getoets word. Tesame illustreer hierdie resultate die belangrikheid van die integrasie van ekologiese werklikheid op verskillende tyd en ruimtelike skale, om relevante voorspellings oor die lot van akkedisse met geprojekteerde klimaatsverandering te kan maak.
Barwood, Martin James. „Psychophysiology of survival : the impact of psychological strategies on the physiological responses to thermal environments“. Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/psychophysiology-of-survival(5abcbf6a-c797-468f-bbf2-3a62e999d79d).html.
Yanagi, Junior Tadayuki. „Partial surface wetting to relieve acute thermal stress of laying hens“. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2002. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11515.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Um sistema de medição e controle foi desenvolvido para o estudo de respostas fisiológicas de aves sujeitas a mudanças térmicas como meio de alívio de estresse térmico. O sistema faz o controle automático da temperatura (t a,SP ±0,2 oC) e da umidade relativa do ar (RH SP ±2 %); sendo que a velocidade do ar foi controlada manualmente (V SP ±0,1 m· s -1 ); e contínuo armazenamento das termografias (ex., temperatura superficial, t surf ) e da temperatura corporais (t b ) dos animais. As condições térmicas controladas na zona de ocupação animal (AZO) são atingidas pela operação de um pequeno túnel de vento (V = 0 to 1,5 m· s -1 ) colocado no interior de uma sala ambiental com t a e RH controlados (5,0 m comprimento × 3,5 m largura × 3,0 m altura). Os valores desejados de t a e RH foram alcançados por meio de aquecedores e umidificadores controlados em dois estágios via um módulo de controle e medição programável, e periféricos. Termografias (discernabilidade de 0.06°C) são adquiridas com uma camera infravermelho cuja operação é controlada remotamente por um PC. t b (±0.1°C) é armazenado em uma unidade de telemetria, sem a necessidade de intervenção cirurgica, que também é conectado a um PC. Em adição, um sistema de video tem sido usado para observar e arquivar os comportamentos do animal. A instrumentação desenvolvida foi usada em um experimento para ajustar equações empíricas para descrever as necessidades de molhamento parcial da superfície em galinhas poedeiras (Hy-Line W98, com 34 ± 1 semanas) sujeitas a condições de estresse térmico. A água necessária para limitar o aumento da temperatura superficial das galinhas foi expressada em termos de intervalo de aspersão (SI 10 , min) para uma dosagem constante (10 ml· aspersão -1 ) ou para uma taxa de evaporação (ER, ml.min -1 ) de água aspergida. As exposições térmicas consistiram de uma combinação fatorial de 3 temperaturas de bulbo seco (t db ) (35, 38 e 41 °C) x 2 temperaturas de ponto de orvalho (t dp ) (21,1 e 26,7 °C) x 3 velocidades do ar (V) (0,2, 0,7 e 1,2 m· s -1 ). As condições ambientais foram expressas como 18 combinações de déficit de vapor de pressão do ar (VPD air ) x V. ER foi diretamente proporcional ao produto VPD air · V . As relações podem servir como a base para a otimizar o sistema de resfriamento superficial intermitente para alívio de estresse térmico em galinhas criadas em gaiolas. Ademais, um índice de desconforto térmico (TDI) foi derivado com base nas respostas fisiológicas, temperatura superficial (t surf ) e temperatura corporal (t b ), de galinhas sujeitas a exposições térmicas. Com base no aumento da t b aos 50 min de exposição térmica (Δt b,50 ), um TDI foi relacionado ao VPD air e a V da seguinte forma: TDI = -15.17 + 18.62 (t db ) n – 0.92 · (VPD air · V ) n . Usando TDI, quatro zonas de desconforto térmico (segura, alerta, perigo e fatal) foram definidas para as várias combinações de condições térmicas. Um modelo teórico de transferência de calor e massa em regime transiente também foi proposto para predizer Δt b,50 em função das condições ambientais, das condições fisiológicas das aves e do nível de molhamento (β). O modelo proporciona uma ferramenta conveniente e interativa para determinar Δt b,50 nas galinhas submetidas ou não ao molhamento superficial para t db variando de 35 a 38 °C.
A control and measurement system was developed for studying physiological responses of poultry to thermal challenges and means of thermal stress relief. The system features automatic control of air temperature (t a,SP ±0.2 oC) and relative humidity (RH SP ± 2 %); manual setting of air velocity (V SP ± 0.1 m· s -1 ); and continuous recording of thermographs (i.e., core body temperature (t b ) of the animal. surface temperature, t surf ) and The controlled thermal conditions in the animal-occupied zone (AOZ) are achieved through operation of a small wind tunnel (V = 0 to 1.5 m· s -1 ) inside a t a - and RH-controlled environmental room (5 m L × 3.5 m W × 3.0 m H). Target t a and RH values are achieved by controlling auxiliary heaters and humidifiers in two stages via a programmable measurement and control module and peripherals. Thermographs (0.06°C discernability) are acquired with an infrared (IR) imager whose operation is remotely controlled by a PC. Core body temperature (t b , ±0.1°C) is recorded with a surgery-free telemetric sensing unit that is also interfaced with a PC. In addition, a video monitoring system is used to observe and archive animal behaviors. The instrumentation developed was used in an experiment to establish empirical equations to describe the need of partial surface wetting for cooling laying hens (Hy-Line W-98, 34 ±1 wk old) subjected to a range of thermal stress conditions. The thermal exposures consisted of a factorial combination of 3 dry bulb temperatures (t db ) (35, 38 and 41 °C) × 2 dew point temperatures (t dp ) (21.1 and 26.7 ° C) × 3 air velocities (V) (0.2, 0.7 and 1.2 m· s - ). The environmental conditions were expressed as 18 combinations of air vapor pressure deficit (VPD air ) × V. The water necessary to limit hen surface temperature from rising was expressed in terms of sprinkle interval (SI 10 , min) for a constant spray dosage (10 ml· spray -1 ) or evaporation rate (ER, ml· min -1 ) of the sprayed water. ER was directly proportional to VPD air · V . The relationships may serve as the basis for optimizing an intermittent partial surface cooling system for thermal stress relief of caged layers. Also from the study, a thermal discomfort index (TDI) was derived based on physiological responses, surface temperature (t surf ) and core body temperature (t b ) of the control (non-cooled) hens. Based on t b rise after 50 min of thermal exposure (Δt b,50 ), TDI related to VPD air and V as: TDI = -15.17 + 18.62 (t db ) n – 0.92· (VPD air · was V ) n . Using TDI, four zones of thermal discomfort (safe, alert, danger, and fatal) were defined for various combinations of thermal conditions. Furthermore, theoretical transient heat and mass transfer model was proposed to predict Δt b,50 as a function of environmental conditions, physiological responses of the hens and surface wetness level (β). The model provides a convenient, interactive tool for determining Δt b,50 on wetted and non-wetted hens for t db ranging from 35 to 38 °C.
Gerrett, Nicola. „Body mapping of perceptual responses to sweat and warm stimuli and their relation to physiological parameters“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11000.
Scucchia, Federica. „Transcriptional profiles inferring thermal stress responses of the coral Oculina patagonica from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17967/.
Rutledge, Charles Jerry 1941. „Physiological Ecology, Population Genetic Responses and Assemblage Stability of Fishes in Two Southwestern Intermittent Stream Systems“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277808/.
Bennett, Wayne A. (Wayne Arden). „Responses of Selected Texas Fishes to Abiotic Factors, and an Evaluation of the Mechanisms Controlling Thermal Tolerance of the Sheepshead Minnow“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277819/.
Hall, Laun William. „The Evaluation Of Dietary Betaine, Pre And Probiotics, Transitional Substrates, And B-Mercaptoacetate On Physiological, Metabolic, Hormonal And Production Responses In Lactating Holstein Cows Subjected To Thermal Stress“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333473.
Morell, Alaia. „Dynamiques éco-évolutives des espèces exploitées en Mer du Nord en réponse à des variations biotiques et abiotiques de l'environnement“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR079.
Global change scenarios are valuable for guiding management and governance strategies, stimulating decision making, and increasing collective awareness of future biodiversity trends. The degree of realism and integration of ecosystem models used for this purpose is constantly improving, but they still often neglect the evolution of marine populations in future projections. However, marine populations adapt to global changes, either through phenotypic plasticity or evolution, through modifications of their biological characteristics such as life history traits, physiological and bioenergetic traits. The challenge of this thesis is to develop an ecosystem model that allows the exploration of biodiversity scenarios at intra- and inter-specific scales by explicitly representing the phenotypic plasticity of life history traits, their genetic variability, selection and evolution under the combined influence of fisheries and climate change, and the resulting genetic drift and loss of genetic diversity. Applied to the North Sea, this new model is used to understand the processes responsible for changes in life history traits, whether they are of plastic or evolutionary origin. On the one hand, the bioenergetic processes underlying plastic changes are studied by an original approach comparing the differences between the fundamental and realized thermal response curves for different species and life history stages. On the other hand, changes in life history traits are explored through an evolutionary lens by taking into account multiple selection pressures such as fishing, prey-predator interactions and climate change.The integration of plastic and evolutionary processes in ecosystem models allows to describe the inter-individual variability of biological traits and to understand their temporal trends observed in the marine environment. In this way, it responds to the crucial issue of credibility of intra- and inter-specific biodiversity projections under scenarios combining climate and fisheries. The integration of these processes will also allow to quantify more precisely the synergistic and antagonistic effects of these two pressures and to take into account the capacity of populations to adapt to global changes in order to estimate more reliably their resilience
Chen, Yen-Chia, und 陳彥嘉. „Symbiodinium diversity and physiological responses to thermal stress on Porites holobionts in Taiwan“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02022922977236030204.
國立臺灣師範大學
生命科學研究所
102
Corals and their symbiotic algae (genus Symbiodinium), collectively known as coral holobionts, live close to their physiologically-limit of sea surface temperature (SST) between 28 0C to 30 0C in the tropical and subtropical water. Increasing of 0.5-1 0C above the sea surface temperature (SST) will cause physiological stress of coral holobionts and, as the consequence, breakdown of symbiotic relationship (also known as “bleaching”). Understanding how coral holobionts with different SST “background” respond to the thermal stress is the key to identify the strategies of future survival of coral holobionts and function of coral reef ecosystem under the impact of climate change. In this study first conducted Symbiodinium diversity surveys of Porites corals from the Bietou (BT) in the northern Taiwan and Nuclear power plant outlet (OL) of Kenting National Park, in southern Taiwan, where yearly mean SST 23.8 ± 3.8 0C and 27.5 ± 1.7 0C, respectively. 37 coral samples were examined, C15, C55, C55-1, and six C15-related new Symbiodinium types were identified in Porites. A significant difference in Symbiodinium type compositions was found in Porites between BT and NPP-OL with the six C15-related types dominant in BT. Analysis of the maximum quantum yield (Fv / Fm) in Porites exposed to different temperature treatments in the tanks showed that Porites of NPP-OL was more sensitive to the thermal treatments than those of the BT during thermal stress. In addition, NPP-OL Porites collected from 7 m displayed a significantly higher Fv / Fm than those from 3 m, which might due to difference of the host species. Analysis of Symbiodinium density and chlorophyll pigments concentration showed that BT population displayed higher concentration of chlorophyll pigments than OL population. However, NPP-OL population increased Symbiodinium density instead of chlorophyll pigments when facing thermal stress. Results from this thesis suggested that Porites living in different thermal background could associate with different Symbiodinium C15-related types. Meanwhile, different C15-related types might have variety of photosynthesis responses in assisting coral hosts to survive under the thermal stress caused by rising sea surface temperature.
Mulligan, Gregory John. „Metabolic and thermal responses of firefighters during repeated work bouts“. Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/979.
Jensen, MA. „Physiological responses to different environmental and culture conditions during ontogeny of the spiny lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi“. Thesis, 2012. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14763/2/whole-jensen-thesis.pdf.
Bittencourt, CR. „Kinetic and physiological responses of Listeria monocytogenes to novel non-thermal inactivation treatments and their application to minimally processed seafood“. Thesis, 2009. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19275/7/Bittencourt_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf.
Chern, Tzuoo-Jenq, und 陳佐政. „Effect of thermal stress and chlorine residue on the physiological response of the giant seaperch, Lates calcarifer“. Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91783672007479786169.
國立屏東科技大學
水產養殖系
92
This research discusses the acclimation responses and physiological change, focused on the energetics, of the giant seaperch, Lates calcarifer, under different thermal stress and remnant chlorine concentration environment. The tolerance and adaptive response under this dual adverse circumstance, becomes the basis of environmental impact evaluation. In gentle warming pressure, giant seaperch dies in the water temperature 42~42.4 ℃; In sublethal tolerance experiment, giant seaperch is really resistant to the hypochlorous acid pressure below the water temperature 34 ℃. High survival rate was obtained under chlorine concentration up to 2 mg/ l, but the rate obviously decline when the water temperature is 38 ℃. In blood biochemistry analysis, there are no significant difference of blood glucose change physiologically under water temperature 25~34 ℃. For 38 ℃ group, it is extremely obvious high in blood glucose concentration. The blood lactic acid quantity has rises under the different water temperature, also degree of the rise is becomes the relevance change scope with the temperature. Water temperature and chlorine residue, both contribute the stress for giant seaperch but in different mechanism. The water temperature has created a physiological reaction hyperglycemia, but the chlorine residue actually has the suppression effect on energy metabolism, also its suppression is positive proportional to the remnant chlorine concentration. Changes in blood lactic acid concentration appears is the early time of stress, also proportional to the intensity of stimuli, including thermal elevation and chlorine residue increasing. The concentration of blood lactic acid is suitable for being stress response index as its sensitivity to stressors. In muscle, difference and change of glucose and glycogen content did not show any significant varience within short time. But the lactic acid accumulation in muscle, reveal the physilogical stress caused by the existence of chlorine residue, which indicated energy supply by anaerobic metabolism while giant seaperch is in urgency or burst muscular motion. In liver, however, nearly contains no lactic acid and it is not feasible for monitoring the physiological response of stress reaction. Liver glycogen content demonstrated the chlorine residue suppression on energy metabolism, but under the identical chlorine concentration, the glycogen content change did not reflect the different thermal treatments, no statistic significance obtained. Consumption of energy for physiological regulation resulted in glucose concentration declined and immediately recovered in liver, explained the energy source comes from glycolysis or fatty acid oxidation but glycogenolysis, which changed the glucose content.
Chen, Bo 1978 Nov 24. „Experimental and modeling study of thermal response of skin and cornea to infrared wavelengths laser irradiation“. Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3556.
(8771363), Aaron R. Ashbrook. „Determining the response of the bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) to heat exposure at the population, behavioral, and physiological levels“. Thesis, 2020.