Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Thérèse, 1873-1897 – Et la spiritualité“

'Sola gratia' is the core of 'spiritual childhood' for Therese of Lisieux (1873--1897) as an existential theology centered on the redemptive work of God. This theological aspect is shared both by Therese's spirituality and by Dietrich Bonhoeffer's (1906--1945) theology. This study offers for the first time a comparison between their thought, mainly with regard to the Lutheran doctrine of justification by faith, analysed through the notion of kenosis and the question of otherness. The first part (chapters 1 to 3) is more philosophical. It deals with Bonhoeffer's theology in its early stage and analyses his debate with Erich Przywara (1889--1972) concerning the 'analogy of being' ('analogia entis'). The second part (chapters 4 and 5) expatiates on the proper basis for the comparison between Bonhoeffer and Therese offered by the notion of kenosis (chapter 4) and by the communicative structure of faith experience (chapter 5). This part is the pivotal one, from the first phase of Bonhoeffer's theology---his discussion with Przywara's philosophical and theological endeavour---to the second and third phases of Bonhoeffer's theology then compared to Therese's spirituality. The third part (chapters 6 to 9) deals with the kenotic structure common to Bonhoeffer and Therese, and basic for a genuine understanding of justification by faith.<br>Justification by faith is thus the unifying aspect of this study, whose three-parts structure reflects the evolution of Bonhoeffer's theology traditionally divided up in three different periods. This study deepens the way Bonhoeffer understands otherness and the shifted emphasis in his thinking from the subject/object scheme, through otherness as exteriority, and finally to otherness as interiority.<br>The many cultural and thematic differences between the Roman-Catholic nun and the Lutheran pastor are being taken into account, along with the common elements central to their thinking. The emphasis on the kenotic structure sheds light on questions never asked in theresian studies so far, e.g. the relationship between 'faith' and 'works'. Through the gratuitousness of redemption implied in justification and in sanctification as well, Therese's teaching and Bonhoeffer's theology are on the same line: the freeing of the self does imply the conformation to Christ's kenotic existence.<br>This study pertains to the following three major concerns: oecumenical (doctrine of justification by faith), philosophical (otherness), and spiritual (authentic self-accomplishment). This study offers a polyphonic analysis pertaining to issues christological (kenosis), theological (grace and freedom), and spiritual (maturity in faith). Thus, it shows how theological discourse can be developed in a new way mainly with regard to the anthropological foundation of spiritual experience and the relevance of it for systematic theology; this cannot be achieved without a more critical use of the philosophical argumentation in theology.

Cette thèse propose une approche métapsychologique de la dimension spirituelle de l'être humain, tentant de saisir les processus spirituels a leur stade archaïque, dans leur universalité, en deça de toute confession ou croyance. Pour ce faire, elle adopte une perspective interdisciplinaire, engageant un dialogue avec l'anthropologie, l'histoire des religions, la litterature, la biologie, la philosophie et la théologie. Le fil conducteur qui relie les trois parties de cet ouvrage est la-notion de sacrifice. En suivant cette notion dans des contextes différents - criminologie, mythes de création, métapsychologie pulsionnelle, étude du cas de therese de lisieux - nous en venons a démontrer que, aux fondements de l'organisation psychique, il existe une position sacrificielle archaïque a adopter par le moi, en réponse a toute situation traumatique, et ce, même au stade le plus originaire de la psyché. A cette position correspond un fantasme sacrificiel, que nous proposons de classer dans la catégorie des fantasmes originaires. De par l'universalité de la situation traumatique primordiale liée au désaide (hilflosigkeit), le fantasme sacrificiel qui lui correspond l'est tout autant. De cette organisation originaire sacrificielle et du fantasme qui la sous-tend naîtrait la logique spirituelle qui guidera le sujet dans son développement psychoaffectif, l'aidant a se structurer, jusqu'à aboutir ou non a son adhésion à un idéal du moi sous-tendu par des idées proprement religieuses<br>This thesis proposes a metapsochological approach to the spiritual dimension of human seings and attempts to understand spiritual processes at their archaic stage, in their universality and outside any religious denomination or belief. To this end, it adopts an interdisciplinary perspective, entering into dialogue with anthropology, history of religions, literature, biology, philosophy and theology. The main theme that links the three parts of this work is the notion of sacrifice. Pursuing this notion in different contexts - criminology, creation myths, instinctual metapsychology, a study of the case of saint theresa of lisieux - we show that at the basis of psychic organization there exists an archaic sacrificial position that the ego adopts in response to every/traumatic situation, and this even at the most primal stage of the psyche. Corresponding to this position there is a sacrificial phantasy which we propose to classer in the category of primai phantasies. Since the universality of the initial traumatic situation is linked to the hilflosigkeit, the sacrificial phantasy corresponding to will also be, and to the same extent. This initial sacrificial organization and the phantasy would give birth to the spiritual logic that will guide subjects in their psycho-affective development and help them structure themselves to the point of adhering or not to an ego ideal sustained by specifically religious ideas