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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Theory of distributions (Functional analysis)":
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Jakubowski, Jacek, und Maciej Wiśniewolski. „Another Look at the Hartman-Watson Distributions“. Potential Analysis 53, Nr. 4 (05.11.2019): 1269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11118-019-09806-7.
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Abstract The article deals with the Hartman-Watson distributions and presents a new approach to them by investigating a special function u. The function u is strictly related to the distribution of the exponential functional of Brownian motion appearing in the mathematical finance framework. The study of the latter leads to new explicit representations for the function u. One of them is through a new parabolic PDE. Integral relations of convolution type between Hartman-Watson distributions and modified Bessel functions are presented. It turns out that u can be represented as an integral convolution of itself and the modified Bessel function K0. Finally, excursion theory and a subordinator connected to the hyperbolic cosine of Brownian motion are involved in order to obtain yet another representation for u. Possible applications of the resulting explicit formulas are discussed, among others Monte Carlo evaluations of u.
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Dehay, Dominique, und Jacek Leśkow. „Functional limit theory for the spectral covariance estimator“. Journal of Applied Probability 33, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1996): 1077–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214987.
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Processes that exhibit repeatability in their kth-order moments are frequently studied in signal analysis. Such repeatability can be conveniently expressed with the help of almost periodicity. In particular, almost periodically correlated (APC) processes play an important role in the analysis of repeatable signals. This paper presents a study of asymptotic distributions of the estimator of the spectral covariance function for APC processes. It is demonstrated that, for a large class of APC processes, the functional central limit theorem holds.
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Dehay, Dominique, und Jacek Leśkow. „Functional limit theory for the spectral covariance estimator“. Journal of Applied Probability 33, Nr. 04 (Dezember 1996): 1077–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002190020010049x.
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Processes that exhibit repeatability in their kth-order moments are frequently studied in signal analysis. Such repeatability can be conveniently expressed with the help of almost periodicity. In particular, almost periodically correlated (APC) processes play an important role in the analysis of repeatable signals. This paper presents a study of asymptotic distributions of the estimator of the spectral covariance function for APC processes. It is demonstrated that, for a large class of APC processes, the functional central limit theorem holds.
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Zeng, Ming, Yiping Tang, Jianguo Mi und Chongli Zhong. „Improved Direct Correlation Function for Density Functional Theory Analysis of Pore Size Distributions“. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113, Nr. 40 (11.09.2009): 17428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp902803t.
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Bao, Nguyen Dien Quoc, Le Hoang Chien, Chau Van Tao und Trinh Hoa Lang. „Analysis of 12C+12C scattering using different nuclear density distributions“. Science and Technology Development Journal 21, Nr. 3 (16.10.2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v21i3.431.
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Elastic 12C+12C angular distributions at three bombarding energies of 102.1, 112.0 and 126.1 MeV were analyzed in the framework of optical model (OM) and compared to the experimental data. The reality of the OM analysis using the double folding potential depends on the chosen nuclear density distributions. In this work, we use two available models of nuclear density distributions obtained from the electron scattering experiments and the density functional theory (DFT). The OM results show that the former gives better description of the 12C nuclear density distribution than the latter. Therefore, the DFT should be worked on for improving the nuclear density description of 12C in the future.
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Fux, Samuel, Karin Kiewisch, Christoph R. Jacob, Johannes Neugebauer und Markus Reiher. „Analysis of electron density distributions from subsystem density functional theory applied to coordination bonds“. Chemical Physics Letters 461, Nr. 4-6 (August 2008): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.07.038.
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Chesneau, Christophe. „On a Logarithmic Weighted Power Distribution: Theory, Modelling and Applications“. Journal of Mathematical Sciences: Advances and Applications 67, Nr. 1 (10.10.2021): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18642/jmsaa_7100122214.
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Engineers, economists, hydrologists, social scientists, and behavioural scientists often deal with data belonging to the unit interval. One of the most common approaches for modeling purposes is the use of unit distributions, beginning with the classical power distribution. A simple way to improve its applicability is proposed by the transmuted scheme. We propose an alternative in this article by slightly modifying this scheme with a logarithmic weighted function, thus creating the log-weighted power distribution. It can also be thought of as a variant of the log-Lindley distribution, and some other derived unit distributions. We investigate its statistical and functional capabilities, and discuss how it distinguishes between power and transmuted power distributions. Among the functions derived from the log-weighted distribution are the cumulative distribution, probability density, hazard rate, and quantile functions. When appropriate, a shape analysis of them is performed to increase the exibility of the proposed modelling. Various properties are investigated, including stochastic ordering (first order), generalized logarithmic moments, incomplete moments, Rényi entropy, order statistics, reliability measures, and a list of new distributions derived from the main one are offered. Subsequently, the estimation of the model parameters is discussed through the maximum likelihood procedure. Then, the proposed distribution is tested on a few data sets to show in what concrete statistical scenarios it may outperform the transmuted power distribution.
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Blackmore, Denis, und Jack G. Zhou. „Fractal Analysis of Height Distributions of Anisotropic Rough Surfaces“. Fractals 06, Nr. 01 (März 1998): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x98000067.
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A general distribution function for the heights of anisotropic engineering surfaces is obtained by extending earlier work on surface profiles. The derivation starts from a functional description of surface heights that involves fractal quantities and is comprehensive enough to include almost all of the mathematical models for surface topography that have appeared in the literature. It is found that the distribution is in the form of a Gaussian function multiplied by a convergent power series, and the terms in the series depend in a fundamental way on the fractal parameters of the surface. This distribution is used to predict the dependence of bearing-area on fractal parameters, and is compared with other approaches to anisotropic surfaces in the literature. Two truncated approximate versions of the distribution function are introduced in order to test the theoretical model against experimentally obtained distributions of engineering surfaces; the results show good agreement between theory and experiment.
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Thangarasu, S., V. Siva, A. Shameem, A. Murugan, S. Athimoolam und S. Asath Bahadur. „Structural, Electronic, Molecular Orbital Analysis and Charge Distributions on Nitrate Salt of Guanidine through DFT and TD-DFT Methods“. Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, Nr. 8 (2021): 1905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23201.
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Guanidinium nitrate, a non-linear optical material has been systematically studied through quantum chemical (density functional theory and Hartree Fock) methods. Studies on Mulliken charge, Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and hyperpolarizability analyses have been performed. The Mulliken population analyses were carried out for the optimized molecular geometry by HF and B3LYP methods with 6-311++G(d,p) levels. The molecular orbital parameters of guanidinium nitrate have been calculated by FMO analysis. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis indicates the electron delocalization on the guanidinium nitrate and also its low value of energy gap indicates electron transfer. Optical property has been investigated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation. The second-order hyperpolarizability value of the ion pairs is much greater than urea, which confirms the good NLO nature of guanidinium nitrate.
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Abe, Kazunori, Nouman Zobby und Hikari Fujii. „Petrophysical Characterizations of Shale Gas Reservoirs of the Ranikot Formation in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan“. EPI International Journal of Engineering 3, Nr. 2 (22.01.2021): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082020.02.
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The complex pore structure with nano-pores of shale gas reservoirs has an impact on the hydrocarbon storage and transport systems. We examined the pore structure of the shales of the Ranikot Formation in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan to investigate the full scaled pore size distributions by using a combination of techniques, mercury injection capillary pressure analysis and low pressure gas adsorption methods using N2 and CO2. Isotherm curves obtained N2 and CO2 adsorptions were interpreted using density functional theory analysis for describing the nano-scaled pore size distributions. The pore geometry of the shales was estimated to be slit-type from the isotherm hysteresis loop shape. The pore size distributions determined the density functional theory showed the dominant pore size of below around 10 nm. The Micro-scale effects such as slippage and adsorption/desorption also significantly influence the gas flow in nano-pore structure. The gas flow regimes in shales are classified into four types Darcy flow, slip flow, transition flow, Knudsen flow based on the value of the Knudsen number. Applying the specific reservoir conditions in Ranikot shale and pore size distribution to the Knudsen number, the gas flow regimes of the Ranikot shales were estimated mostly within the transition and slip flow.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Theory of distributions (Functional analysis)":
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Waller, Bradley A. „Properties of p-adic C^k Distributions“. The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385485834.
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Kou, Kit Ian. „Paley-Wiener theorem and Shannon sampling with the Clifford analysis setting“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2492153.
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Begum, Munni. „Estimating posterior expectation of distributions belonging to exponential and non exponential families“. Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1244863.
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Bayesian principle is conceptually simple and intuitively plausible to carry out but its numerical implementation is not always straightforward. Most of the times we have posterior distributions in terms of complicated analytical funs ions and be known only up to a multiplicative constant. Hence it becomes computationally difficult to attain the marginal densities and the moments of the posterior distributions in closed form. In the present study the leading methods, both analytical and numerical, for implementing Bayesian inference has been explored. In particular, the non-iterative Monte Carlo method known as Importance Sampling has been applied to approximate the posterior expectations of the Lognormal and Cauchy distributions, belonging to the Exponential family and the non-Exponential family of distributions respectively. Sample values from these distributions have been simulated through computer programming. Calculations are done mostly by C++ programming language and Mathematica. Department of Mathematical Sciences
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Kim, Jongchul. „Generalized Function Solutions to Nonlinear Wave Equations with Distribution Initial Data“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278853/.
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In this study, we consider the generalized function solutions to nonlinear wave equation with distribution initial data. J. F. Colombeau shows that the initial value problem u_tt - Δu = F(u); m(x,0) = U_0; u_t (x,0) = i_1 where the initial data u_0 and u_1 are generalized functions, has a unique generalized function solution u. Here we take a specific F and specific distributions u_0, u_1 then inspect the generalized function representatives for the initial value problem solution to see if the generalized function solution is a distribution or is more singular. Using the numerical technics, we show for specific F and specific distribution initial data u_0, u_1, there is no distribution solution.
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Hasan, Abeer. „A Study of non-central Skew t Distributions and their Applications in Data Analysis and Change Point Detection“. Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1371055538.
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Lai, Pik-ying, und 黎碧瑩. „Lp regression under general error distributions“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30287844.
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Chan, Chun-man, und 陳俊文. „On a topic of Bayesian analysis using scale mixtures distributions“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223989.
Buchteile zum Thema "Theory of distributions (Functional analysis)":
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Vogt, Dietmar. „Sequence Space Representations of Spaces of Test Functions and Distributions“. In Functional Analysis, Holomorphy, and Approximation Theory, 405–43. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003072577-18.
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Kozma, Gady, und Alexander Olevskii. „Singular Distributions and Symmetry of the Spectrum“. In Operator-Related Function Theory and Time-Frequency Analysis, 107–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08557-9_4.
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Lang, Serge. „Distributions“. In Real and Functional Analysis, 295–307. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0897-6_11.
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Reddy, B. Daya. „Distributions and Sobolev spaces“. In Introductory Functional Analysis, 213–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0575-3_8.
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Yosida, Kôsaku. „Ergodic Theory and Diffusion Theory“. In Functional Analysis, 379–418. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61859-8_14.
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Berezansky, Yuri M., Zinovij G. Sheftel und Georgij F. Us. „Measure Theory“. In Functional Analysis, 1–65. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9185-1_1.
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Botelho, Fabio. „Distributions“. In Functional Analysis and Applied Optimization in Banach Spaces, 167–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06074-3_7.
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Bogachev, Vladimir I., und Oleg G. Smolyanov. „Locally Convex Spaces and Distributions“. In Real and Functional Analysis, 357–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38219-3_8.
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Berezansky, Yuri M., Zinovij G. Sheftel und Georgij F. Us. „Theory of Integration“. In Functional Analysis, 89–132. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9185-1_3.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Theory of distributions (Functional analysis)":
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Alavinasab, Ali, Goodarz Ahmadi und Ratneshwar Jha. „Nonlocal Continuum Theory Based Modeling of Carbon Nanotube Composites“. In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-595.
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Analytical modeling of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) composite based on the nonlocal continuum theory is investigated. This approach accounts for nonlocal stress-strain relationships, that is, stress at any point in a structure is a function of strain in the entire structure. Finite element analysis of a representative volume element (RVE) of CNT composite is used to evaluate unknown constant in the nonlocal theory based solution. Stress distributions are obtained from finite element method (FEM), nonlocal theory, and standard (local) elasticity. Nonlocal theory and FEM stress distributions yield the same total force and first moment, whereas standard elasticity gives less accurate results.
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Piasecka, Magdalena, Mieczyslaw E. Poniewski und Sylwia Hozejowska. „Experimental Error Analysis and Heat Polynomial Method Improvement for Boiling Heat Transfer Numerical Calculations in Minichannels“. In ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2005-75142.
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The paper continues the discussion of experimental and numerical investigations of forced convection boiling heat transfer in vertical minichannels covered by two former editions of this conference and our previous papers. Liquid crystal thermography technique was used for measuring the two-dimensional heating surface temperature distribution and boiling front detection. Influence of selected parameters on boiling heat transfer and nucleation hysteresis was observed and discussed. The two-dimensional heat transfer model and the analytic-numerical heat polynomial method were applied to solve the inverse boundary value problem and determine the temperature distributions in the heating foil and protecting glass and the boiling heat transfer coefficient as well. This paper shows how to modify and improve the heat polynomial method if we know the measurement errors and implement them into the numerical procedure. The accuracy of temperature measurements on the heating surface with liquid crystal method was estimated and the analysis of experimental results was given. The functions sought in numerical calculations describe temperature distribution in the protecting glass and the heating foil of the minichannel. They are presented in the form of linear combination of heat polynomials. The adopted boundary conditions and temperature measurements are used to construct error functionals. The latter express the root-mean-square errors, with which computed solutions satisfy relevant boundary conditions. On the basis of functional minimalisation unknown coefficients of linear combinations are determined. The solutions obtained satisfy the differential equations in the exact manner whereas the adopted boundary conditions are met in the approximate fashion. The unknown boiling heat transfer coefficient is the function computed from the boundary condition of the third kind. In the modified method, measurement errors are weights for individual temperature measurements. The more accurate is the measurement, i.e. has a smaller error, the greater is the weight put to it in further calculations. Therefore, it is possible to heighten the accuracy with which glass and foil temperature distributions, determined experimentally, fulfil the assumed equality conditions on the contact surface. Temperature distributions in the glass and the foil, computed on the basis of the modified method, are closer to real values than those obtained with the basic one. Local heat transfer coefficients obtained for two-dimensional boiling heat transfer model with both the basic and the modified heat polynomial methods are also compared.
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Navazi, H. M., und H. Haddadpour. „Supersonic Flutter of Functionally Graded Plates in a Thermal Environment“. In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95253.
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In this paper, an analytical investigation intended to determine the flutter margin of supersonic functionally graded panels is carried out. For this purpose, piston theory aerodynamics has been employed to model quasi-steady aerodynamic loading. The material properties of the plate are assumed to be graded continuously across the panel thickness. The variation of temperature-dependent thermoelastic properties follows a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of the constituent materials. The effects of compressive in-plane loads and static pressure differential are studied. Both uniform and through the thickness nonlinear temperature distributions are also considered. Hamilton’s principle is used to determine the coupled partial differential equations of motion. Using Galerkin’s method, the derived equations are transformed into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations, and then solved by numerical time integration. Some examples comparing the flutter margin of FG panels with that of plates made of pure metals and pure ceramics are presented. The results of the present study are compared with those of the previous works, where finite element method was used. It is shown that the use of functionally graded materials can yield an increase or decrease of the aeroelastic stability in the supersonic flow for different regions.
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Tzou, H. S., D. W. Wang und I. Hagiwara. „Distributed Dynamic Signal Analysis of Piezoelectric Laminated Linear and Nonlinear Toroidal Shells“. In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/ad-23715.
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Abstract Toroidal shells belong to the shells of revolution family. Dynamic sensing signals and their distributed characteristics of spatially distributed sensors or neurons laminated on thin toroidal shell structures are investigated in this study. Spatially distributed modal voltages and signal patterns are related to the meridional and circumferential membrane/bending strains, based on the direct piezoelectricity, the Gauss theorem, the Maxwell principle and the open-circuit assumption. Linear and nonlinear toroidal shells are defined based on the thin shell theory and the von Karman geometric nonlinearity. With the simplified mode shape functions defined by the Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov theory, modal dependent distributed signals and detailed signal components of spatially distributed sensors or neurons are defined and these signals are quantitatively illustrated. Signal distributions basically reveal distinct modal characteristics of toroidal shells. Parametric studies suggest that the dominating signal component originates from the meridional membrane strains. Shell dimensions, materials, boundary conditions, natural modes, sensor locations/distributions/sizes, modal strain components, etc. all influence the spatially distributed modal voltages and signal generations.
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Darabi, Mehdi, und Rajamohan Ganesan. „Exact 3-D Stress and Stiffness Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates Using Sampling Surfaces Method“. In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38400.
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In the present work, the three-dimensional analysis for the deflection and stress distributions of functionally graded ceramic–metal sandwich plates is developed based on the method of sampling surfaces (SaS). In accordance with this method, into each layer of the plate, reference surfaces that are not equally spaced and are parallel to the mid-surface of the plate are introduced, and the displacement vectors of these surfaces are chosen as unknown functions. Such a choice allows the representation of the governing equations of the proposed higher order layer-wise plate theory in a very compact form and also permits the derivation of strain–displacement relationships correctly describing all motions including the rigid-body motions of the functionally graded plate. Hence the 3D elasticity problem of the thick plate is efficiently solved. The material properties of sandwich plate’s face layer are assumed to be that of a two-constituent material that vary continuously through the thickness of the face sheet according to a power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The core layer is homogeneous and made of an isotropic ceramic material. The effects of the volume fraction of the material constituents and their distribution on the deflections and, in particular, the 3-D stress distributions as well as the effects of the length-to-width and length-to-thickness ratios of the plate are investigated. Comparison of the results of the present work with the results available in existing literature is carried out for a benchmark problem. It is shown that considering large number of SaS, which are located at interfaces and Chebyshev polynomial nodes, the accuracy of the solutions can be improved significantly wherein the error will approach zero value as the total number of surfaces in each layer become very large.
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Bellur-Ramaswamy, Ravi S., Nahil A. Sobh, Robert B. Haber und Daniel A. Tortorelli. „Quench Process Modeling and Optimization“. In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1850.
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Abstract We optimize continuous quench process parameters to produce a desired precipitate distribution in aluminum alloy extrudates. To perform this task, an optimization problem is defined and solved using a standard nonlinear programming algorithm. Ingredients of this algorithm include a cost function, constraint functions and their sensitivities with respect to the process parameters. These functions are dependent on the temperature and precipitate size which are obtained by balancing energy to determine the temperature distribution and by using a reaction-rate theory to determine a discrete precipitate particle size distribution. Both the temperature and the precipitate models are solved via the finite element method. Since we use a discrete particle size model, there are as many as 105 degrees-of-freedom per finite element node. After we compute the temperature and precipitate size distributions, we must also compute their sensitivities. This seemingly intractable computational task is resolved by using an element-by-element discontinuous Galerkin finite element formulation and a direct differentiation sensitivity analysis which allows us to perform all of the computations on a PC.
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Hu, Dianyin, und Rongqiao Wang. „Probabilistic Analysis on Turbine Disk Under LCF-Creep“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50722.
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This paper establishes a structural model of the turbine disk of a certain aero-engine subjected to loads due to centrifugal force and duration at elevated temperature, and calculates the plastic and creep deformation with finite element (FE) analysis software. During creep analysis, the Norton constitutive equation was taken into account. After the temperature field distribution of the turbine disk had been obtained, structural static analysis results showed that the maximum equivalent stress and strain appeared at the area near to the disk center, which was taken as the critical point. The Manson-Coffin formula was used to predict low cycle fatigue (LCF) life based on the calculations derived from cyclic plastic-creep analysis, and creep life was obtained by applying the Larson-Miller equation. Lognormal distributions of LCF life and creep life were used as pointed out in the literature, which mainly considered the uncertainties in material parameters. Taking the lives and loads as random variables including LCF life, creep life, fatigue load and hold time, a probabilistic analysis on the turbine disk was performed under LCF-Creep, in which a failure function was proposed based on linear cumulative damage rule (LCDR). The probabilistic method of response surface (RS) was applied to fit the regression model of the LCF-Creep life with a quadratic approximation function including cross-terms. The Monte Carlo Simulation sampling technique was employed to carry out probabilistic analysis on the turbine disk life, resulting in the conclusion that the life of turbine disk under LCF-Creep follows a lognormal distribution. Furthermore, the effect of different random variables on the disk life was investigated through sensitivity analysis in order to increase the component’s life and improve its reliability. However, studies on the distributions of loads and damage theory of the component under LCF-Creep still need to be discussed in future study.
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Rahaeifard, M., M. H. Kahrobaiyan, S. A. Moeini, M. T. Ahmadian und M. Hoviattalab. „Flexural Sensitivity of a V-Shaped AFM Cantilever Made of Functionally Graded Materials“. In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24676.
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In this paper, two lowest resonant frequencies and sensitivities of an AFM V-Shaped microcantilever made of functionally graded materials are studied. The beam is modeled by Euler-Bernoulli beam theory in which rotary inertia and shear deformation is neglected. It is assumed that the beam is made of a mixture of metal and ceramic with properties varying through the thickness of the beam. This variation is function of volume fraction of beam material constituents. The interaction between AFM tip and surface is modeled by two linear springs which expresses the normal and lateral contact stiffness. A relationship is developed to evaluate the sensitivity of FGM micro cantilever beam. Effect of volume fraction of materials and geometric parameters on resonant frequencies and sensitivities is studied. Results show that natural frequencies and sensitivities are significantly affected by volume fraction of material constituents and geometric parameters. Using these results, optimum geometric parameters and mass distributions of material constituents can be chosen so that high resolution images could be obtained.
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Song, Shaopin, und Pingsha Dong. „Analysis of Residual Stresses in Pipe Seam Welds and a Proposed Residual Stress Profile Estimation Method“. In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45726.
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A recent comprehensive investigation into residual stress distributions in pipe and vessel longitudinal seam welds is presented in this paper, covering component wall thickness from 1/4” (6.35mm) to 10” (254mm), component radius to wall thickness ratio from 2 to 10, and linear welding heating input from low (50 J/mm) to high (6000 J/mm). Through the use of a residual stress decomposition technique, two key parameters that govern through-thickness residual stress distributions in terms of their membrane and bending content have been identified. One is component radius to wall thickness ratio (r/t) and the other is a characteristic heat input density (Q̂) having a unit of J/mm3. With these two parameters, a unified functional form for representing through-thickness residual stress profile behaviors in seam welds is proposed along with its solution procedure for applications in weld region. The simplicity of the proposed residual stress profile estimation scheme in functional form and demonstrated applicability for a wide range of r/t and Q̂ provides an effective framework for generating residual stress profile information for supporting defect assessment procedures in FFS codes and standards.
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Bazˇant, Zdeneˇk P., und Jia-Liang Le. „Size Effect on Strength and Lifetime Distributions of Quasibrittle Structures“. In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11824.
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Engineering structures such as aircraft, bridges, dams, nuclear containments and ships, as well as computer circuits, chips and MEMS, should be designed for failure probability < 10−6–10−7 per lifetime. The safety factors required to ensure it are still determined empirically, even though they represent much larger and much more uncertain corrections to deterministic calculations than do the typical errors of modern computer analysis of structures. The empirical approach is sufficient for perfectly brittle and perfectly ductile structures since the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of random strength is known, making it possible to extrapolate to the tail from the mean and variance. However, the empirical approach does not apply to structures consisting of quasibrittle materials, which are brittle materials with inhomogeneities that are not negligible compared to structure size. This paper presents a refined theory on the strength distribution of quasibrittle structures, which is based on the fracture mechanics of nanocracks propagating by activation energy controlled small jumps through the atomic lattice and an analytical model for the multi-scale transition of strength statistics. Based on the power law for creep crack growth rate and the cdf of material strength, the lifetime distribution of quasibrittle structures under constant loads is derived. Both the strength and lifetime cdf’s are shown to be size- and geometry-dependent. The theory predicts intricate size effects on both the mean structural strength and lifetime, the latter being much stronger. The theory is shown to match the experimentally observed systematic deviations of strength and lifetime histograms of industrial ceramics from the Weibull distribution.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Theory of distributions (Functional analysis)":
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Luttman, Aaron, Marylesa Howard und Kasey Bray. Mie Scattering Analysis: Using Mie Theory to Compute Size Distribution Functions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1755913.
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Luttman, Aaron, Marylesa Howard und Kasey Bray. Mie Scattering Analysis: Using Mie Theory to Compute Size Distribution Functions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1755913.
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McClure, Michael A., Yitzhak Spiegel, David M. Bird, R. Salomon und R. H. C. Curtis. Functional Analysis of Root-Knot Nematode Surface Coat Proteins to Develop Rational Targets for Plantibodies. United States Department of Agriculture, Oktober 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575284.bard.
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The goal of this research was to provide a better understanding of the interface between root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and their host in order to develop rational targets for plantibodies and other novel methods of nematode control directed against the nematode surface coat (SC). Specific objectives were: 1. To produce additional monoclonal SC antibodies for use in Objectives 2, 3, and 4 and as candidates for development of plantibodies. 2. To determine the production and distribution of SC proteins during the infection process. 3. To use biochemical and immunological methods to perturbate the root-knot nematode SC in order to identify SC components that will serve as targets for rationally designed plantibodies. 4. To develop SC-mutant nematodes as additional tools for defining the role of the SC during infection. The external cuticular layer of nematodes is the epicuticle. In many nematodes, it is covered by a fuzzy material termed "surface coat" (SC). Since the SC is the outermost layer, it may playa role in the interaction between the nematode and its surroundings during all life stages in soil and during pathogenesis. The SC is composed mainly of proteins, carbohydrates (which can be part of glycoproteins), and lipids. SC proteins and glycoproteins have been labeled and extracted from preparasitic second-stage juveniles and adult females of Meloidogyne and specific antibodies have been raised against surface antigens. Antibodies can be used to gain more information about surface function and to isolate genes encoding for surface antigens. Characterization of surface antigens and their roles in different life-stages may be an important step towards the development of alternative control. Nevertheless, the role of the plant- parasitic nematode's surface in plant-nematode interaction is still not understood. Carbohydrates or carbohydrate-recognition domains (CROs) on the nematode surface may interact with CROs or carbohydrate molecules, on root surfaces or exudates, or be active after the nematode has penetrated into the root. Surface antigens undoubtedly play an important role in interactions with microorganisms that adhere to the nematodes. Polyclonal (PC) and monoclonal (MC) antibodies raised against Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes, were used to characterize the surface coat and secreted-excreted products of M. javanica and M. incognita. Some of the MC and PC antibodies raised against M. incognita showed cross-reactivity with the surface coat of M. javanica. Further characterization, in planta, of the epitopes recognized by the antibodies, showed that they were present in the parasitic juvenile stages and that the surface coat is shed during root penetration by the nematode and its migration between root cells. At the molecular level, we have followed two lines of experimentation. The first has been to identify genes encoding surface coat (SC) molecules, and we have isolated and characterized a small family of mucin genes from M. incognita. Our second approach has been to study host genes that respond to the nematode, and in particular, to the SC. Our previous work has identified a large suite of genes expressed in Lycopersicon esculentum giant cells, including the partial cDNA clone DB#131, which encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase. Isolation and predicted translation of the mature cDNA revealed a frame shift mutation in the translated region of nematode sensitive plants. By using primers homologous to conserved region of DB#131 we have identified the orthologues from three (nematode-resistant) Lycopersicon peruvianum strains and found that these plants lacked the mutation.
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Rheinberger, Christoph, und Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion: social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, Juni 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.
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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.
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Heymsfield, Ernie, und Jeb Tingle. State of the practice in pavement structural design/analysis codes relevant to airfield pavement design. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40542.
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An airfield pavement structure is designed to support aircraft live loads for a specified pavement design life. Computer codes are available to assist the engineer in designing an airfield pavement structure. Pavement structural design is generally a function of five criteria: the pavement structural configuration, materials, the applied loading, ambient conditions, and how pavement failure is defined. The two typical types of pavement structures, rigid and flexible, provide load support in fundamentally different ways and develop different stress distributions at the pavement – base interface. Airfield pavement structural design is unique due to the large concentrated dynamic loads that a pavement structure endures to support aircraft movements. Aircraft live loads that accompany aircraft movements are characterized in terms of the load magnitude, load area (tire-pavement contact surface), aircraft speed, movement frequency, landing gear configuration, and wheel coverage. The typical methods used for pavement structural design can be categorized into three approaches: empirical methods, analytical (closed-form) solutions, and numerical (finite element analysis) approaches. This article examines computational approaches used for airfield pavement structural design to summarize the state-of-the-practice and to identify opportunities for future advancements. United States and non-U.S. airfield pavement structural codes are reviewed in this article considering their computational methodology and intrinsic qualities.
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Liu, Yuzhou, Yang Zhang, Zhijia Zhang, Qiang Fu, Yin Fu, Zhixiang Li, Chenyu Zhang und Xiaoyu Wang. Efficacy of Li-Zhong Decoction in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0029.
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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of LZD in the treatment of FD. In this study, all theory is adopted the soup randomized controlled trials for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Condition being studied: Although the disease is not life-threatening, it can take a psychological and financial toll on sufferers. At present, the efficacy of conventional treatment is not significant. Previous studies have shown that Lizhong decoction is safe and effective, but there is a lack of systematic evaluation. The purpose of this study was to systematically study the efficacy of LZD in the treatment of FD patients.
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Ori, Naomi, und Mark Estelle. Role of GOBLET and Auxin in Controlling Organ Development and Patterning. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697122.bard.
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The size and shape of plant leaves are extremely diverse within and among species, and are also sensitive to growth conditions. Compound leaves, such as those of tomato, maintain morphogenetic activity during early stages of their development, enabling them to elaborate lateral appendages such as leaflets. The aim of the research project was to understand the interaction between the plant hormone auxin, the putative auxin response inhibitor ENTIRE (E, SlIAA9) and the NAM/CUC transcription factor GOBLET (GOB) in compound-leaf development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The specific aims of the project were: 1. Investigation of the role of GOB in compound-leaf development. 2. Characterization of E function in auxin signaling. 3. Characterization of the role of auxin in compound-leaf development. 4. Investigation of the genetic and molecular interaction between E and GOB. 5. Investigate the role of these factors in fruit development. There were no major changes in these objectives. GOB was shown to mark and promote the boundaries between the leaf and initiating leaflets. Its accurate distribution was found to be required for proper leaflet initiation and separation. E was found to interact with the TIR1 and AFB6 proteins in an auxin-dependant manner, indicating that these are functional auxin receptors that mediate E degradation in the presence of auxin. This was further supported by the stabilization of E by a mutation in domain II of the protein, which is thought to mediate its auxin-dependant degradation. Over expression of this stabilized form in tomato leaves and characterization of the e mutant phenotype and the E expression domain indicated that E acts between initiating leaflets to inhibit auxin response and lamina growth. Generation and analysis of tomato plants expressing the auxin response reporter DR5::VENUS, and analysis of the effect of auxin microapplication or overexpression of an auxin biosynthesis gene, indicated that auxin marks the sites of leaflet initiation and promotes lamina growth. Investigation of the molecular and genetic interaction between auxin, GOB and E revealed a complex network of mutual regulation that is utilized to precisely pattern the leaf margin in a manner that enables the combination of tight control and flexibility. E, auxin and GOB were shown to affect fruit development and fruit set, and in an extension of the project are currently utilized to identify new players that affect these processes. The research project yielded enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of compound leaf patterning and provided tools that will enable the manipulation of leaf shape and fruit set.
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Sharon, Amir, und Maor Bar-Peled. Identification of new glycan metabolic pathways in the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and their role in fungus-plant interactions. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597916.bard.
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The involvement of glycans in microbial adherence, recognition and signaling is often a critical determinant of pathogenesis. Although the major glycan components of fungal cell walls have been identified there is limited information available on its ‘minor sugar components’ and how these change during different stages of fungal development. Our aim was to define the role of Rhacontaining-glycans in the gray mold disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea. The research was built on the discovery of two genes, Bcdhand bcer, that are involved in formation of UDP-KDG and UDP-Rha, two UDP- sugars that may serve as donors for the synthesis of cell surface glycans. Objectives of the proposed research included: 1) To determine the function of B. cinereaBcDh and BcEr in glycan biosynthesis and in pathogenesis, 2) To determine the expression pattern of BcDH and BcERand cellular localization of their encoded proteins, 3) Characterize the structure and distribution of Rha- containing glycans, 4) Characterization of the UDP-sugar enzymes and potential of GTs involved in glycanrhamnosylation. To address these objectives we generated a series of B. cinereamutants with modifications in the bchdhand bcergenes and the phenotype and sugar metabolism in the resulting strains were characterized. Analysis of sugar metabolites showed that changes in the genes caused changes in primary and secondary sugars, including abolishment of rhamnose, however abolishment of rhamnose synthesis did not cause changes in the fungal phenotype. In contrast, we found that deletion of the second gene, bcer, leads to accumulation of the intermediate sugar – UDP- KDG, and that such mutants suffer from a range of defects including reduced virulence. Further analyses confirmed that UDP-KDG is toxic to the fungus. Studies on mode of action suggested that UDP-KDG might affect integrity of the fungal cell wall, possibly by inhibiting UDP-sugars metabolic enzymes. Our results confirm that bcdhand bcerrepresent a single pathway of rhamnose synthesis in B. cinerea, that rhamnose does not affect in vitro development or virulence of the fungus. We also concluded that UDP-KDG is toxic to B. cinereaand hence UDP-KDG or compounds that inhibit Er enzymes and lead to accumulation of UDP-KDG might have antifungal activity. This toxicity is likely the case with other fungi, this became apparent in a collaborative work with Prof. Bart Thomma of Wageningen University, NETHERLANDS . We have shown the deletion of ER mutant in Verticillium dahlia gave plants resistance to the fungal infection.
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Scholz, Florian. Sedimentary fluxes of trace metals, radioisotopes and greenhouse gases in the southwestern Baltic Sea Cruise No. AL543, 23.08.2020 – 28.08.2020, Kiel – Kiel - SEDITRACE. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al543.
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R/V Alkor Cruise AL543 was planned as a six-day cruise with a program of water column and sediment sampling in Kiel Bight and the western Baltic Sea. Due to restrictions related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the original plan had to be changed and the cruise was realized as six oneday cruises with sampling in Kiel Bight exclusively. The first day was dedicated to water column and sediment sampling for radionuclide analyses at Boknis Eck and Mittelgrund in Eckernförde Bay. On the remaining five days, water column, bottom water, sediment and pore water samples were collected at eleven stations covering different types of seafloor environment (grain size, redox conditions) in western Kiel Bight. The data and samples obtained on cruise AL543 will be used to investigate (i) the sedimentary cycling of bio-essential metals (e.g., nickel, zinc, and their isotopes) as a function of variable redox conditions, (ii) the impact of submarine groundwater discharge and diffusive benthic fluxes on the distribution of radium and radon as well as greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide) in the water column, and (iii) to characterize and quantify the impact of coastal erosion on sedimentary iron, phosphorus and rare earth element cycling in Kiel Bight.
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Zhao, Bingyu, Saul Burdman, Ronald Walcott und Gregory E. Welbaum. Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Cucurbits Using the Maize Non-Host Disease Resistance Gene Rxo1. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699843.bard.
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The specific objectives of this BARD proposal were: (1) To determine whether Rxol can recognize AacavrRxo1 to trigger BFB disease resistance in stable transgenic watermelon plants. (2) To determine the distribution of Aac-avrRxo1 in a global population of Aae and to characterize the biological function of Aac-avrRxo1. (3) To characterize other TIS effectors of Aae and to identify plant R gene(s) that can recognize conserved TIS effectors of this pathogen. Background to the topic: Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits, caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aae), is a devastating disease that affects watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and melon (Cucumis melo) production worldwide, including both Israel and USA. Two major groups of Aae strains have been classified based on their virulence on host plants, genetics and biochemical properties. Thus far, no effective resistance genes have been identified from cucurbit germplasm. In this project, we assessed the applicability of a non-host disease resistance gene, Rxol, to control BFB in watermelon. We also tried to identify Aae type III secreted (TIS) effectors that can be used as molecular probes to identify novel disease resistance genes in both cucurbits and Nieotianatabaeum. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We generated five independent transgenic watermelon (cv. Sugar Babay) plants expressing the Rxol gene. The transgenic plants were evaluated with Aae strains AAC001 and M6 under growth chamber conditions. All transgenic plants were found to be susceptible to both Aae strains. It is possible that watermelon is missing other signaling components that are required for Rxol-mediated disease resistance. In order to screen for novel BFB resistance genes, we inoculated two Aae strains on 60 Nieotiana species. Our disease assay revealed Nicotiana tabaeum is completely resistant to Aae, while its wild relative N. benthamiana is susceptible to Aae. We further demonstrated that Nieotiana benthamiana can be used as a surrogate host for studying the mechanisms of pathogenesis of Aae. We cloned 11 TIS effector genes including the avrRxolhomologues from the genomes of 22 Aae strains collected worldwide. Sequencing analysis revealed that functional avrRxol is conserved in group" but not group I Aae strains. Three effector genes- Aave_1548, Aave_2166 and Aave_2708- possessed the ability to trigger an HR response in N. tabacum when they were transiently expressed by Agrobaeterium. We conclude that N. tabacum carries at least three different non-host resistance genes that can specifically recognize AaeTIS effectors to trigger non-host resistance. Screening 522 cucurbits genotypes with two Aae strains led us to identify two germplasm (P1536473 and P1273650) that are partially resistant to Aae. Interestingly, transient expression of the TIS effector, Aave_1548, in the two germplasms also triggered HR-Iike cell death, which suggests the two lines may carry disease resistance genes that can recognize Aave_1548. Importantly, we also demonstrated that this effector contributes to the virulence of the bacterium in susceptible plants. Therefore, R genes that recognize effector Aave1548 have great potential for breeding for BFB resistance. To better understand the genome diversity of Aae strains, we generated a draft genome sequence of the Israeli Aae strain, M6 (Group I) using Iliumina technology. Comparative analysis of whole genomes of AAC001, and M6 allowed us to identify several effectors genes that differentiate groups I and II. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The diversity of TIS effectors in group I and II strains of Aae suggests that a subset of effectors could contribute to the host range of group I and II Aae strains. Analysis of these key effectors in a larger Aae population may allow us to predict which cucurbit hosts may be at risk to BFB. Additionally, isolation of tobacco and cucurbit Rgenes that can recognize Aae type III effectors may offer new genetic resources for controlling BFB.
