Dissertationen zum Thema „Théorie des communs“
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Meersman, Jimmy. „Contribution à une théorie juridique des biens communs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThere are few areas - environmental, cultural, social, or even economic - that are not examined through the prism of the commons. This new interest in the commons can be explained by the significant evolution of the 21st century society, which questions the right of ownership. However, the analysis shows that, whatever the period, the modern model of property rights - public or private - is always characterized by the exclusive control of the property by its owner. In the current context of social change, this model has its limits and appears inadequate for certain needs.At the same time, the debate on the commons has gained momentum. For some academics, the commons appear to be able to provide a response to the inadequacy of the right of ownership, within the framework of a necessary legal evolution. The commons are the subject of debate in academic circles, but are still ignored by French law and are not subject to any legal definition. However, they are addressed by the law of certain foreign states. They are also addressed by many disciplines, first and foremost economics. The thinking of Elinor Ostrom, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics for her work on the subject, is fundamental. Because of these particularities, a specific research methodology has been set up, combining conceptualism and empiricism.A legal theory of the commons was thus proposed. What characterizes the commons is their allocation - to the production, preservation, and distribution of collective utilities - within the framework of collective governance. This allocation conditions the appliable law, of a new kind, and confers rights and obligations other than the traditional ones. In this respect, the commons constitute a new legal category
Berthet, Elsa. „Contribution à une théorie de la conception des agro-écosystèmes : Fonds écologique et inconnu commun“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00874630.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBernard, Mathieu. „Le comportement grégaire des gestionnaires de fonds communs de placement décomposé à l’aide de la théorie des réseaux“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9784.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouhadjera, Hakima. „Recherche de points fixes communs sous diverses conditions de compatibilité“. Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work consists of five parts and is focused on studying the existence and uniqueness of common fixed point for mappings which have low properties. In the first part of this work, we improve a common fixed point theorem for four compatible mappings of Jha K. , Pant H. P. And Singh, by giving a theorem with weaker conditions. Also, we give a second theorem which is an extension of the first theorem using an infinite number of mappings of Meir-Keeler type. In the second part, we extend some common fixed point theorems for single-valued mappings given by some authors as Mbarki, Aliouche and Popa, Pathak H. , Cho Y. , Kang S. And Madharia B, to single and multi-valued mappings of general type, type of Gregus and near-contractive type mappings using few conditions such as we removed the compactness required on the space in the papers of Aliouche and Popa, go we did not require continuity on any of these four mappings by using the conditions strictly contractive (2. 2) and (2. 3) which are considered more general than the inequalities cited in the earlier papers, we also weakened the definitions relating to the compatibility, compatibility of type (A), of type (C), of type (P) and weak compatibility by the occasional weak compatibility. In the third part, first, we extend several theorems given in Djoudi and Khems, Elamrani and Mehdaoui, Pathak, Tiwari and Khan to multivalued mappings by using the integral type. Then, we give two theorems for single-valued mappings which improve results of Aage and Salunke since we removed the assumptions of inclusion and continuity requirements on mappings by using occasional weak compatibility and obtain results in a set endowed with a symmetric instead of a complete metric space. In the penultimate section, we establish two new concepts: the super-weakly compatibility and the sub-sequential continuity. These definitions are weaker than occasional weak compatibility and reciprocal continuity, respectively. By using these new concepts, we can give different theorems of single-valued mappings in metric spaces. In the fifth and last part, we also introduce a new concept of the occasionally biaised compatibility. This definition is very general and the lowest at this time with regard to different types of compatibility given before counting the compatibility weakly biased and that occasional weak. We also have given some theorems winch extend in particular the results given by Ciric and Ume and also Shahzad and Sahar
Amoussou-Guenou, Yackolley. „Gouvernance des biens communs dans les blockchains“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlockchains are one of the most appealing technologies over the last years, both for scientists and for the general public. Blockchains are distributed ledgers that aim to offer transparency, integrity and many more advantages over their centralised counterparts. Blockchains were “revealed” and became popular thanks to the creation and rise of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Over the years, blockchain technologies become more and more popular with an exceptional peak in 2017. Blockchains are becoming mainstream technologies, as there is an observatory for blockchains established by the European Commission, blockchain forums in many countries, blockchain start-ups are flourishing, scientific conferences are discussing the topic, and even some scientific conferences are now specifically dedicated to the technology, etc. The blockchain technology promises, thanks to its integrity and transparency properties to be useful and interesting in various domains, and not only for financial systems. However, many questions and doubts float around it. Is it environmentally viable? Is the technology even ensuring its promises? Can they be used in real-life settings, etc. In this thesis, using the lens of distributed systems, we study and define the properties of committee-based blockchains and their fairness; that definition allows formalising and helping correct one of the most used blockchain of that class. Furthermore, adding lenses from game theory, we propose a methodology to analyse the rational behaviours of participants in a blockchains system. Using that methodology, we show, under different mechanisms of rewards, the necessary conditions needed to ensure the blockchain properties
Jongh, Maurits de. „The primacy of public goods“. Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation takes up the concept of public goods as a hermeneutical thread with which to explore the theory and history of political economy. Situated at the intersection between political philosophy and the history of modern economic thought, this dissertation examines the following main research question: what is the role and potential of public goods to foster rather than disable individual and collective agency in politics and social life? In response to this question, the dissertation articulates the primacy of public goods in two senses: first, since plural public goods constitute the indispensable infrastructure of social life and human relationships, they have primacy over both private and common modes of providing and enjoying goods. Second, since they rely on governmental coordination and compulsion in inescapable and ineluctable relationships of political authority, public goods also have primacy over the common good in its monist conception
Hajjar, Mohyedine. „Les fonds communs de placement islamiques en droit libanais“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAny attempt to introduce lslamic finance in civil law requires an analytical approach comparing Islamic law and civil law. Islamic management services rely on types of contracts, which do not exist in civil law: namely the mudâraba and the wakâla. These agency agreements differ from the general scheme of mutual funds as the exhibit a marked difference with the civil Iaw mandate contract. In order to allow these contracts, the current regime of mutual fonds must be amended by creating a representation committee of subscribers. Classification of the mutual funds by the Lebanese and French legislators as joint ownership sound well to Islamic doctrine. Even a detailed analysis of the ownership and joint ownership regimes proves there is no fundamental difference between civil Jaw and Islamic law in this matter. However, the fund’s ownership regime is close to what is called "special-purpose assets" in the civil law doctrine. This classification is unacceptable in Islamic law, which has a persona! theory of patrimony. Our conceptualization of the regime of a legal concept of Islamic law called Jiha make it possible to acknowledge the notions of special purpose assets and legal personality in Islamic law. Islamic management services put strong requirements on the governance of the funds and additional duties for the agent. Islamic management services require the presence of specialized entities monitoring compliance of management to Islamic law: such specific entity does not exist in practice. Islamic management services then leads to a "screening" of securities. Le1rnl analysis of Islamic screening el a borates the legal basis of this screening
Celati, Benedetta. „La contribution juridique à l’alternative des communs dans une approche macro-institutionnelle“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis, developed within the framework of an international co-direction agreement between the University of Paris Est Marne-La-Vallée, in France, and the University of Pise, in Italy, aims to explore the impact of instruments for financing Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS), understood as a social and econonomic model anchored in the paradigm of the "commons", in relation to her capacity for social transformation, in France and in Italy. The study will be based on the approch of Institutional economics and will focus on the importance of the legal development for the affirmation of the diversity of the economic systems and institutions. As a doctoral candidate in law at the University of Pise in co-direction with the University of Paris Est in the field of economics, I propose to improve the legal research with further researches in other disciplines. The hypothesis will be tested by field studies in France and in Italy
Kauffmann, Antoine. „La contribution des biens communs à la performation des méta-organisations : le cas des corridors logistico-portuaires“. Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH26/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs hybrids between markets and hierachy, network structures have spread a lot due to globalization and de centralization. Among the varions types of networks, territory-anchored meta-organizations appear both as les studied and specific kinds of networks. A meta-organization is defined as an organization which is composed by organizations without having a real hierarchical power on its members, such as employment or property. This thesis enriches mate-organization theory by mobilizing both the theory of commons and actor-network theory in the case of gateway corridors. Gateway corridors are groupings created between seaports and inland ports from a sanie geographical axis. Within that scope, this thesis shows that the mets-organizations of gateway corridors are performed through the mobilization of différent kinds of common goods ant that differences in the perception of their action brakes the process of organizational performation
Dervelois, Michaël. „Le rôle de l'encadrement institutionnel et associatif pour l'insertion professionnelle des handicapés au Japon : points communs et divergences avec le système français“. Paris 9, 2011. https://basepub.dauphine.fr//handle/123456789/15301.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAsserting that the institution is a major protagonist of workplace integration training schemes for disabled persons, we attempt to define, in this thesis, the impacts of social policies on the feelings towards access to employment for the concerned disabled individuals. We do believe it is essential to analyze how the Japanese institutional protagonist justifies its part within the power struggle inherent to this societal issue and to emphasize it in relation to its French counterpart, epitome of the key protagonist. The sociology of Mr Crozier’s action is our main theoretical foundation to deal with the occupation of the ‘concrete action plan’ and with the fluctuations in possible alternatives brought forward by the public system as a source of freedom for the strategic protagonist. From the definition of disability, we will focus on the societal frame of social policies and the identity on the workplace. The identity question is brought about by our reflection on the institutional action that incorporates both personality and assessment of overall skills into an acceptable integration plan. From our standpoint, achieving autonomy in the workplace is made easier in the absence of public involvement and activation policies for disabled individuals bring about, against all odds, a potential drop in dynamism, a dynamism that would be further improved by a monitored exposure to the recruiting agent without any more time spent on pushing forward or assessing isolated approaches. We thus confront a Japanese model of complete access to the work post with the well-defined stages of the French process, the investigation being conducted mainly on Japanese ground
Rhouma, Oussama. „La formation endogène de coalitions peut-elle être un remède à la tragédie des communs : Une étude expérimentale“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe management of commons pools resources raises the problem of their over-exploitation which degenerates in general into their exhaustion. We study the impact of coalition formation in the investment on common pool resource. Our first result from resolution of our model show that social optimum is always in the formation of the biggest coalition, however Nash equilibrium depend on number of player in the game. We choose case in which Nash equilibrium and social optimum coincide. For this example we demonstrate that in forming the biggest coalition we invest less in CPR and the total payoff is the greatest from all structure. We demonstrate also that comparing to the game without coalition formation (standard case) any structure other then singletons coalitions was an amelioration (less investment and greeter group payoff). Our first experiment with two treatments (veto & dictator) confirms our theoretical study : players form groups, decrease their investment in CPR and increase their payoff. The second experiment show that nether we change first group structure, the result is the same. We demonstrate also that decision rules don't affect final results
Saby, Nicolas. „Théorie d'Iwasawa géométrique : un théorème de comparaison“. Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTremblay, Nathalie. „Living labs as innovation intermediaries : symphonic orchestration of innovation dynamics in open innovation ecosystems“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAB012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe dissertation defines the dynamics of innovation through the lens of living labs, theorising on how these intermediaries, can effectively orchestrate innovation ecosystems through open innovation initiatives. The study offers numerous theoretical contributions on innovation for managerial practice and public policies, identifying key mechanisms and best governance practices, ensuring that sociotechnological and ecosystem perspectives are included in innovation strategies that create shared value outcomes. The thesis provides an opportunity to consider the role played by communities within the innovation ecosystem through the theory of the Commons (Ostrom, 1990), in an evolutionary perspective
Trémoulet, Benjamin. „Pour une théorie du sens commun : le modèle kantien“. Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe core issue of the dissertation is the use of the notion of "common sense" by philosophers, in particular those engaged in social and political thought. This research picks up on Kant's leading thread formulated in the critique of the power of judgement in which he calls comon sense the résult of the correct use of the power of judgement. Accordingly, the concept of "power of judgement" is worked out systematically in order to establish in the first part a theory of common sense that would also be its critique. It is shown that Kant's model allows for critical tools that encompass and overthrow the usual conception of common sense. The elaborated critical model is the applied in the sedond part to several important contemporary currents trhough prominent authors such as Gadamer, Arendts, Lyotard, and Habermas
Thibault, Jean-François. „Le "lieu commun" de la pensée politique moderne: Entre mais dans la théorie politique et la théorie internationale“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29322.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLequette, Suzanne. „Le contrat-coopération : Contribution à la théorie générale du contrat“. Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalgado, Melchior. „Analyse théorique et pratique des coopérations multipoints“. Lyon 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO33012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouziad, Ahmed. „Contribution à la théorie des semi-groupes semi-topologiques“. Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicheaux, Helen. „Le retour du commun au cœur de l’action collective : le cas de la Responsabilité Élargie du Producteur comme processus de responsabilisation et de co-régulation“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM030/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Linear Economy is structured on: extraction, production, product use and landfill. This model prevails although it is a threat to the preservation of natural resources. Whereas, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) constitute “Urban Mines” that are rich in valuable metals. Public policies from the 70s, based on regulatory constraints, have proved to be inefficient in instigating innovative and collective processes.In this thesis, we study an alternative approach based on the responsabilization of producers through co-regulated action between public and private actors. While responsibility is often linked to individualism, this work scrutinizes the substance of collective responsibility. Furthermore, in consideration of responsabilization as a mode of political governance, we examine the processes and the instruments which could be engaged to bestow collective responsibility on private actors.Through an exploratory, qualitative and longitudinal approach in the context of the WEEE sector, we propose new co-regulation principles. The research is based on the literature of the commons in which the conditions of a collective governance are discussed. The theoretical propositions are considered in the perspective of a comparative analysis at the European level
Chilotti, Pasquale. „Le tuteur : un instrument potentiel du développement exogène : contribution à une théorie instrumentale du tutorat“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the role of tutors as prescribed in the repository of training nursing students. We are part of the theoretical framework of professional didactic we used the concepts as indicative of the instrumentalization of Rabardel. Our research aims to understand the tutor as a psychological instrument that students could take to develop their professionalism. We have expanded the scope of the instrumental theory by proposing a typology of the instrumentalization and articulating the schema of tutorial interaction
Zaleski, Laetitia. „Assistant de décision et de négociation par analyse de viabilité - Application à la gestion participative d’espaces protégés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS432.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGood management of shared spaces requires taking into account the multiplicity of stakeholders who each have their own values and objectives. It is subject to two recurring problems. The first is the lack of consensus, the second is a consensus on an ineffective solution in its response to the problems raised. Combining the participatory aspect with technical assistance makes it possible to address both aspects. It is possible both to help the actors in the decision-making process, while at the same time directing their reasoning towards a coherent result. In order to provide technical assistance, we choose to use the theory of viability, which proposes to users to define a set of constraints grouping the interests and objectives of each. This method has two advantages. On the one hand, it is no longer necessary to aggregate or prioritise the criteria. On the other hand, viability allows an infinite time horizon to be taken into account, implying respect for intergenerational equity. Moreover, we draw inspiration from the techniques used for the design of serious games in order to give an educational and awareness-raising aspect to our tool for participatory management. This thesis work focuses on the design, development and impact study of a tool for participatory management based on viability theory. We have implemented a prototype of an IT assistant that gives concrete form to the ideas proposed in the thesis. Then we conducted a first experimentation of its use in order to analyse its interest and the benefits brought to decision making and negotiation. This evaluation allowed us to assess the influence of this tool from the point of view of decision support, negotiation support and awareness of the issues raised by resource sharing. An application inspired by the case of Brazilian extractive reservation allowed us to illustrate this approach
Assem, Ali. „Vibrations mécaniques et non linéaires : théorie de l'index pour des systèmes gyroscopiques“. Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelavaquerie, Géraldine. „Pour une théorie de la propriété renouvelée : étude commune des propriétés privée et publique“. Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of public and private properties leads to two observations: first, each of these theories i. E. The way they are displayed and described can be criticized. Second, each of them has some traits in common. According to these elements, a joint study can be suggested in order to build a renewed and common theory of property. An objective study, disconnected from previous theories and based on all legislative texts governing properties, is suggested. The common theory of property shall then be inferred from these texts. The rejection of the theories of each property requires to determine the nature of this right before and in order to determine its content. Property being an individual right, it has been inferred from various suggested classifications that it is an exclusive and immediate relationship between a person and a thing and more specifically an exclusive and immediate relationship between an owner and his possessions. The laws governing this relationship reveal an internal organization allowing the assignment of one set of rules regarding the relationship of property. This assignment depends on the nature of the goods subject of property. It is from this legal regime of goods that the common theory of property has been developed. The use of its nature of subjective right invites to seek which prerogative this subjective right of property confers to the owner. This is the benefit of the legal regime of goods; this benefit being exclusive and immediate
Bon, Véronique. „Les stratégies des communes urbaines : une interprétation par la théorie de l'enracinement des dirigeants“. Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMayor's aim keeping his municipal mandate [as it, his entrenchment objective] is to explain urban municipal strategies. Precisely, mayor has an incentive to implement strategies that keep and improve his reputation towards citizens. These strategies have an impact on financial municipal and external structures'choices. The theoritical litterature hold is the managerial entrenchment theory. This choice implies an analysis of governance structures, that is to say, an analysis of control mechanisms from stakeholders on mayors'strategies. Predictions are tested with two empirical investigations. The fisrt one scrutinizes urban choices about fiscal pressure and financial debts, along an electoral mandate. The second one scrutinizes the choices about external structures of 273 towns of 10,000 inhabitants. All of these informations are collected with a questionnaire
Morel, Sylvie. „Le workfare et l'insertion : une application de la théorie institutionaliste de John R. Commons“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis is an application of the institutionalist theory of John R. Commons to the comparative analysis of welfare-to-work policies for social assistance recipients in the united states and france. These policies can be understood by the two notions of workfare and insertion : the american workfare approach is parallel to the french insertion model. The underlying philosophy of workfare and insertion is "mutual obligations" between the state and the welfare recipients. The institutionalist analysis will highlight the similarities and the differences between these reciprocal relations instituted in the two countries. The specific dynamics relating assistance, employment and family will also be stressed. In the institutionalist perspective, workfare and insertion will be conceptualized as the "new" working rules of the american and the french institutions of social assistance. These changes in the "welfare relation" will be studied through the concept of the transaction. Workfare and insertion introduce a new transaction in the going concern of welfare which will be called a "quasi-bargaining transaction". The institutionalist analysis of workfare and insertion will then consist in examining this institutional transformation at the level of the three transactions of the going concern of social assistance. By looking at workfare and insertion from the point of view of the institution - the collective action in control of individual action of welfare recipients - these ones will appear as citizens and institutionalized individuals with rights and duties
Gue, Loudmie. „La théorie de la connaissance chez Descartes et Vico : imagination et raison“. Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080057/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the 17th century, the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns gives the opportunity to wonder about the way in which men build knowledge. Two faculties come into play: imagination and reason. Descartes, it seems, has made reason the only faculty enabling men to know. In addition, Vico highlights the imagination that actively participates in cognition in humans. Thus, the philosophical tradition tends to make the one the opposite of the other. But can we take such opposition for granted?By indulging in an analysis of the Cartesian corpus, what is it possible to bring out about the imagination? What about Vico, who in his Scienza Nuova takes into account, in an original way, those two faculties that play a great role in the question of cognition.On the one hand, critics make Vico the fierce opponent of Descartes. On the other hand, a re-reading of the Cartesian position of the imagination leads us to a reconsideration of the opposition Descartes / Vico. Vico's position allows us to consider the imagination and the reason in a relation of hierarchization and complementarity. Thus, imagination is chronologically the first faculty which appears in men. The reason follows. But does this mean that the one over the other or that one is of greater importance than the other? So where does Vico get his ideas? How does he organize these for a new perspective in the construction of knowledge? These questions invite us to consider the Descartes / Vico report as complex and ambiguous.Our work consists in fixing the status of the imagination and its relationship with reason in the two philosophers and bringing a scientific character to the first. This leads us to study the status of the two faculties, the deep relationship that exists between them when apprehending the real
Ménager, Lucie. „Communication, connaissance commune et consensus“. Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFlorentin, Danick. „La théorie du juste milieu dans les Mémoires de Philippe de Commynes“. Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA030050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the prologue of his memoirs, philippe de commynes's purpose is to relate the louis eleventh reign in an authentic and unbiased way. But once the various elements which make up his historical record have been considered closely (style, description of people and their psychology, explanatory and critical digressions, factual accounts, incursion of the first person narration, the use of chronology), the permanence of the golden mean as a contrasted and well-estimated account of life seems to present perfectly the ambiguity of the world and at the same time it allows the author to reconstruct reality in his own favour in spite of the betrayal episode and to achieve a genuine literary work
Camus, Michel. „Contribution à une théorie de l'institution communale à partir de l'analyse de son comportement économique“. Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of commons (parish), in France, is a fundamental point to understand our institutional system. It has always been regarded, as well politically, sociologically, historically as the leading collectivity. . . With the state. In order to analyse the role and the influence of this basic institution, the study of its economical behaviour appears as a relevant approach, as the juridical, constitutional and administrative definitions do not count for its deep presence in the French people's life. Moreover, the economic crisis requests especially this privileged community of interest. The commons' economic behaviour complies to a double logic: logic of defence and logic of expansion. Logic of defence for the common ranks at the bottom of the institutional scale. Its economic force can only be born or allowed for law. Its financial abilities (state subsidies, borrowings, taxation) depend from a public or banking channels wich prevent from a traditional logic of profit (possession of a capital, commercial activities). Finally, the municipality suffers from serious inner deficiencies. A certain "esprit de clocher", its small size, an inhability of mutual gathering engender a confinement unpropitious to an understanding of the external changing economic world. However, the common has very important assets to grow and to play a key role in the "new French society". The communal area - indivisible, origin of the French identity- may be better exploited. Territorially bounded, the common mustkeep larger, not its geographic area, but the fieldof attraction of its area. As so, relationships between common and the corporations should start again. The requirement of the struggle against the crisis call for a partnership, a cooperation between these 2 entities in order to avoid useless quarrels. Leisure parks show an example of a "common product" made in a close collaboration with corporations, the "product" being the common territory itself. Lastly, the common can be considered as a vehicle of modernization (data processing, cable t. V. Are filled to its size)
Ivanescu, Dan. „Sur la stabilisation des systèmes à retard : théorie et applications“. Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUlrich, Sara. „La construction d'une politique européenne de défense et de sécurité de 1947 à 2005 : une contribution à la théorie réaliste des alliances“. Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA111004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOfrim, Dorina Maria. „La Roumanie postcommuniste au prisme des théories de la transition démocratique“. Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40059/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe central issue of this thesis concern post communist Romania and deals with the Romaniandemocratic transition regard to democratic transition theories. Part of the democratic transitionwave that experimented counties of Central and Eastern Europe, Romania is the only country toexperiment a violent regime change and a democratic transition known to be the longest and themost twisting. The thesis presents a general typology of democratic transition theories existingbefore and after 1989. The first theories attempt to identify the transition’s factors with centredapproaches either on structures or on actors. The latter emphasises the uncertainty inherent to anytransition, as well as on the actor’s rational choice. The confrontation of the Romanian case to thetransition theories is a test of the validity of different approaches and underlines the specific of theroute that Romania followed to escape communism. The thesis, which stresses both the genesisand the complex process of Romania’s transition, highlights the limitations of democratictransition theories, those before 1989 as well as those after 1989 in explaining the Romaniantransition process, thus demonstrating the complexity of the Romanian case
Chanial, Philippe. „Peut-on penser la démocratie sous la catégorie du commun ? : éléments pour une théorie de la justification démocratique“. Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeyond the opposition between community and society, individualism and holism this work asks how it is possible to think democracy as a community without reintroducing neither the ideal of the Greek polis neither the idea of an organic social body marked by traditionalism, therefore without suppressing the attainments of pluralism and the requirements of modern negative liberties. It aims to show that democratic identity and democratic justification must be tied together : if the members of a democratic society still constitute a "we", the reason is that they share common political principles to justify or criticize institutions, norms and decisions. . The main field investigated are contemporary legal, moral and political philosophy and also normative theories of social movements, the main authors considered are H. Kelsen, H. L. A hart, R. Dworkin, N. Luhmann, C. Schmitt, J. Rawls, M. Walzer, C. Lefort, H. Arendt and J. Habermas
Boccara, Dario D. „Essai sur le rapprochement des systèmes de droit romano-germanique et de common law : théorie générale d'une convergence asymptotique“. Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO33009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMore than merely evoking the connection between legislation and case-law, close comparaison of the common law system and that of civil law implies the basic unity of law. On the inter-system level, we find this latter notion in the transposition of the continuity necessary to internal order as it is expressed in the various combinations of formal sources of the law. This particular presentation is strongly supported by comparative studies indicating that the divergences, which may be observed in numerous positive laws, reveal no real rupture due to an inherent difference of the natures of the two systems. Moreover, the notion of convergence between the two systems and the coherence between legislation and case-law repose on the universal continuity fo reasoning as it must be established through logic. Whatever the circumstances, once established, this is only valid if it remains unaltered by the legal systems which employ it. Finally, the initial divergences existing between the two. .
Nguyen, Quoc Ha. „Comment améliorer la gouvernance du développement au Vietnam?“ Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main aim of this thesis is to show how to improve the governance of development in Vietnam. The unique history and specifics characteristics of Vietnam require a mix strategy of the "good governance" and the "growth-enhancing governance". First, in order its economic takeoff succeeds, it must acquire the "governance capabilities" and implement the business regulation reforms and the natural monopolies reforms in order to promote the opening of a social regulation system. Then, the catching-up process aimes at formalizing and enforcing the rules. This process includes the government effectiveness , the control of corruption, the endogenous development of regulatory institutions and the deepening of democracy. Using a panel data based on a sample that includes 15 countries that have similar characteristics with Vietnam, our econometric study confirms the positive relationship between growth and institutional aspects like democracy, regulatory quality, political stability and absence of violence
Depatie, Serge. „Contribution à une théorie du méta-management : comment transformer la culture managériale pour mieux manager le changement“. Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom a certain trend to oppose theory and pratice emerge doubt and questions. What is the future of management ? through an approach that is both general and local, way of managerial thinking, we gather elements of meta-management theory or general theory of management. From positivism to constructivism and electivism differentiat natural objects from human, complex and changing systems. Proposing a management research method based on the trialectical concept of what the system is, doing and becoming, to represent what is we gather a "management corpus", doing a case study and becoming meta-management. "management system" is a conjonction of operational management, strategic planing and strategic management. For researchers management is a mean to be acknowledge, for managers he is profit and or results. Proposition to differentiat and define administration and management, other concepts, handling and constructive his management, how to transform the managerial culture in view of a better manager of change. Composing with the "management system" attributs, theory and pratice are two quasi-independant system that are co-evolving and converging, management epistemology, meta cognition, consciousness, managerial continuum, strategic continuum
Lara, Christine. „Pour une théorie de la réception "communo-culturelle" de la lecture : le sujet lecteur commun : réception d'Atala de René de Chateaubriand dans des aires culturelles variées : cas de la Guadeloupe, de la Polynésie et de la métropole“. Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study suggests analyzing the reception of the reading within varied cultural areas. My postulate is that the reception of the reading by an empirical, cooperative or abstract reader, is made at two levels: the one that define the theorists of the reception of the reading as Iser, Eco, Jauss or Picard, an individual level where the reader creates, completes the text and another level than I shall define in the thesis, where the reading is made according to a shared culture, to a common culture. Wolfang Iser, in L’Acte de lecture (1985), tries to discover what occurs in the authority reader at the time of her reading. For this theorist, the reader is also a creator of the text. He shows that the reader reacts to the requests registered in the text and which pre-direct his reception. For him, the text organizes and manages the reading. It leads the reader, guides him in his reading of the text. For Umberto Eco, in Lector in fabula (1989), the ideal reader answers standards planned by the author, he is the model reader who cooperates to complete the text, "tissue of white spaces, chinks to be filled". The reader so cooperates, by updating the text, this Model reader is capable of communicating with the author who slid for him indications in the text. Thanks to his encyclopaedic skill, the reader can build his reading. Hans-Robert Jauss, as for him, in his book Pour une esthétique de la réception, which combines texts written between 1972 and 1975, criticizes the literary history which still granted importance only for two authorities: the author and the text. Jauss claims the participation of the reader in the text. The reader thus takes up the text by updating it, by inserting it into a field referent defined by his personal, cultural, social references, his own lived. Michel Picard, theorist of the literary reading, in his book La lecture comme jeu (1986) is more particularly interested to the real, empirical reader, who reads with his body, the one that we shall meet mostly, during this study. The subject reader is in the heart of the researches for the theorists of the literary reading. He is the third authority of the set of three (author, text, reader). These theorists defined a first level of the reception, more personal, more individual, than a second level for which I try to bring to light and to theorize. This new aspect of the reception, which I shall define as communo-cultural, shows that the reader reacts to the cultural requests established in the text and brings his according to the history and the culture of his community, his people. Indeed, every word, every situation that reads the pupil reader, activates in him a cultural phenomenon of memory, stemming from the cultural heritage which he shares with his community, of his common, ancestral history, passed on by his family, his traditions, sound lived daily, his reality. The teaching according to me has to take into account this "hillside" of the pupil, this wealth and this second reading of the text to allow him to advance, to feel reassured sometimes and especially, to open in the reading of the literary texts. Annie Rouxel, Gérard Langlade and Marie-José Fourtanier propose the another notion of the literary reading “which is interested in the reconfiguration of the text by the real reader and presents plural modes of realization. There is thus a movement of the interest: from the virtual reader to the real reader, and, consequently, from the text of the work to the text of the reader ". This creative reader is the one as well as we find in our classes, the one who, in the contact of his culture, becomes the " subject common reader ". This reader exceeds the individual frame of the reception to share a common reading with those who have the same cultural heritage. The text becomes then as a cultural bridge between them. This " subject common reader " his history reacts to stimuli in touch with his past and: the interpretation that he makes actions(shares) of the characters, the situations, even the vocabulary used by the author is so shared by several other pupils readers. An exchange becomes established, unspoken cultural and historic are individually expressed and grouped together within the classes. It is only when we noticed that the observations of the pupils were identical to more than sixty percent than we elaborated this notion of “subject common reader”. It is about a cultural reader, about a multiple reader in the sense that he represents the reception of almost all his community. The reader who begins this journey within the fiction is persuaded to live in reality events which mark him. He cries, he laughs, he gets angry against a situation or against a character, against Atala, who goes away from her culture and wears a crucifix instead of the trick and dreams, against Chactas who travelled in Paris and behaved in European, giving up a part of himself. But this reading of the other one, this reading of one is influenced by the cultural heritage of the pupils, by the situation which they live at the time of the reading. The reader begins a “reading in shadow". What I call " reading in shadow ", is the reflection of the text, this other possible reading, hidden behind the book, the unfaithful reading to the text, but which arises from the text, a little as a shadow and its object. The reader imagines, weaves the another text everything around that of the author. We shall thus see during this analysis, that the pupils readers of diverse cultural spaces have a reception and a perception of texts, different in certain points of that of the others. It is a kind of identity lectoriale common to a culture. Atala of Chateaubriand is the work retained to demonstrate that the reading of a work is certainly plural because it addresses all the readers and can be perceived by various manners according to the "reader", but also community because it allows a cultural group to find known elements. It is the book which in spite of its success in the XIXth century, of its indisputable influence on the texts which succeeded it, is only few or not studied at the school. This reflection will use diverse studies, pupils-reader's numerous works as well as documents and investigate, as that led with 379 teachers of overseas, between 2007 and 2009. And we shall see, throughout this thesis, that the triad defined by the theorists: TEXT-AUTHOR-READER, would have to integrate a new authority: the PATRIMONIAL COMMUNITY, interacting with the subject-common
Lesage, Manuela. „Une expérience de médiation citoyenne dans une commune rurale réunionnaise, Ilet à Cordes : apports à la théorie de la médiation“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA111004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeo, Michel. „Transformations intégrales pour les courants positifs fermés et théorie de l'intersection“. Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBourgeon, Jean-Marc. „Asymétries d'information et comportements stratégiques dans l'instrumentation de la politique agricole commune“. Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this dissertation is the study of instruments that the European Union (EU), and more generally a government, may employ to regulate the agricultural sector. The framework is a static welfare analysis. Recent developments of this theory are stressed, particularly incentive mechanisms that are well-suited to contractual policies or tenders. Two European policies concerning production and retail of cereals are considered: an indirect policy to reduce the production by land retirement, the so-called "set-aside" policy, and the "export refunds", which are designed to enhance the European exports, and are partially tendered for. The first section is devoted to traditional welfare analysis. Modern developments of this theory applied to agricultural sector are exposed. The topic of the second section is mechanisms theory. In this section, the case of a general lack of information which mixes both adverse selection and moral hazard problems is presented. This case corresponds to the general problem of supply regulation. Particularly, the properties of threshold mechanisms are examined. The last section of this dissertation is devoted to two European agricultural policies. The first one is a supply reducing policy adopted by the EU at the end of the 80's and based on voluntary participation of acreage retirement. The second one concerns the sale of cereal stocks that are the property of the EU resulting from her policy on the European market
Bouchard, Kevin. „Aux origines conceptuelles du constitutionnalisme de common law contemporain : l’influence de la conception classique de la common law sur la théorie juridique de Wilfrid Waluchow“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work offers a general interpretation of the theory of law and the theory of judicial review of Canadian contemporary author Wilfrid Waluchow, through the study of their relation to classical common law jurisprudence. The preliminary section offers a summary of classical common law jurisprudence and of Thomas Hobbes’s critique of classical common law jurisprudence, and shows how they define two opposite ways of conceptualizing law that still underlie contemporary jurisprudence. The first section studies how the jurisprudence of H. L. A. Hart and of Ronald Dworkin, which directly inspire Wilfrid Waluchow’s theory of law, relate to classical common law jurisprudence. It shows how Hart, with his concept of secondary rules, moves legal positivism closer to classical common law’s customary understanding of the law and how Dworkin defines the common law approach otherwise, by proposing an interpretive method concentrating on the argumentative character of law.The second section studies Wilfrid Waluchow’s inclusive legal positivism and his common law theory of judicial review. It shows how Wilfrid Waluchow’s effort to reconcile Hart’s theory of the law with Dworkin’s jurisprudence, notably through the idea of constitutional morality, leads him to develop an understanding of the law which has important affinities with classical common law jurisprudence
Atzenhoffer, Jean-Philippe. „Evolution, social norms, and the sustainability of common property resources“. Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/ATZENHOFFER_Jean-Philippe_2011.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNumerous natural common-pool resources such as fisheries, forests, or pastures, are facing overexploitation pressure. To understand the underlying reasons of resource degradation, economists have extensively used concepts of standard game theory. Yet, many empirical and experimental studies have shown that resource exploiters do not always behave according to the Nash predictions. In addition to the standard analysis, evolutionary game theory represents a useful and relevant tool to model human behaviour. By assuming that agents adapt progressively their behaviour, notably through imitation, it becomes possible to account for results obtained in the empirical and experimental literature. Basically, this thesis contains three applications of evolutionary game theory to the problem of the commons (chapter 4, 5 and 6). In the first one, we propose a model which explains situations where common resources are severely overexploited, even to a larger extend than the Nash prediction. In a second model, we show that extractive pressures can be restrained when agents have the possibility to sanction those who overexploit. In the third model, we study how local communities can limit their exploitation level by setting up a system of private property rights over the resource
Demirdjian, David. „Le mouvement projectif : théorie et applications pour l'autocalibrage et la segmentation du mouvement“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStereo vision appears in many applications as an easy way to obtain 3D data from images. Stereo approaches usually rely on Euclidean models and require a full calibration of the stereo rig, implying that the intrinsic parameters of the cameras are known as well as the relative position and orientation of the cameras. However a full and accurate calibration usually requires that a human operator helps. In cases when an operator cannot be involved, the use of weakly calibrated systems appears as a good alternative. A weak calibration is easy to obtain but then the difficulty is that 3D data are obtain in a projective space (not in a Euclidean one). This document describes the use of weakly calibrated systems performing motions in an a priori unknown scene. It shows how the motion of the system can be used to retrieve the metric structure of the scene and detect moving objects. The projective space is used here to represent the visual information associated with the system. In particular, we studied the 3D projective transformations -also called 3D homographies- that map the projective reconstructions of a same scene. We introduce the problem of estimating such 3D homographies and show how theses transformations can be used in applications such as autocalibration and motion segmentation
Siri, Romain. „Essai d'une théorie générale de la clause contractuelle : réflexions de lege lata et de lege ferenda à partir du droit commun du contrat“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContract can be presented like a whole clauses. For all that, all is more that the sum of parties. Bringing together many clauses round contract give rise to a entity which can assert a life particular, autonomous detached of his elements constituent original. In so far as notion functional, contract ensure intellectually your own uniqueness. Contract is the element federative which consolidate the relation until pass the peculiarity of clauses which her compose. Under this analysis traditional, contract had always been apprehended globally, it’s like a compilation of clauses. It’s had always did the purpose of investigations globally. Clause is at that time that one of elements of contract which decompose to clauses. However, each party is more than element of all. Clauses earn therefore autonomy. Dispersal of center contract lead to favour clauses like centre of interest. Throught contract, it comes to see clauses. Contract is related clauses which somme can live whitout it. Clause can be seen deprive effects independently of situation of contract ou survive after destruction of contract. It interest then legal transaction to define legal juridical and no more only contract on the whole. Contract had always by past apprenhended in analysis global that is like a all producing obligations. In future, contracts are dissected. What it analyse those stipulations because that what signify it is inclusion or exclusion of many clauses. It is agreed at present to dower clause of status general. The conception global is criticized. Contract must be dissected, dismembered, atomized to discover under unity composite contract his clauses. Contract produce subset compose by clauses. Contract and clause are in relation interdependence
Vallet, Fanny. „Comment évalue-t-on l'efficience de notre mémoire : le rôle des attributions causales et des théories naïves“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENS008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims at identifying the determinants of Memory Self-Efficacy (MSE). In chapter 1, we define MSE and describe determinants of MSE proposed in the literature. The determinants we propose are organized according to two axes. MSE has been shown to decline with aging. One suggested explanation for this decline is that culturally shared beliefs about memory decline lead older adults to evaluate their memory as being poor, regardless of their actual memory performance. However, explanatory mechanisms of this effect have rarely been studied. We assume that older adults' tendency to attribute their everyday memory failures to their age should explain age-related decline in MSE. In chapter 2, we show that the tendency to attribute one's memory failures to one's age partially mediates the link between age and MSE. In chapter 3, we present a longitudinal study conducted in order to a) examine whether this age attribution and old age group identification decrease MSE and change over time in MSE, and b) identify age attribution determinants, with the hypothesis that general beliefs about memory decline and identification with the older adults influence age attribution, as well as change over time in age attribution. Transversal analyses partially support our hypotheses but we fail to observe the same effects using a longitudinal method. MSE is both specific to some domains (e.g., memory for numbers, memory for faces) and general across several domains. Literature about MSE does not tell much about the conditions allowing the generalization of MSE from one domain to another domain. We assume that the generalization of MSE from one domain to another depends on a particular lay theory, the unity conception of memory (unitary vs. multiple conception), with the hypothesis that MSE generalization would appear more when participants conceive memory as unitary rather than multiple. In chapter 4, we present four studies testing this hypothesis. Globally, we fail to observe the expected effects, likely due to the chosen domains. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted to identify memory domains used to spontaneously categorize memory situations. In chapter 5, we present two studies designed to identify these domains. In chapter 6, we discuss our results regarding MSE literature
Ould, Mohamed Abdallahi Lémine. „Estimation des paramètres d'un modèle d'activité neuronale et applications de la théorie du champ moyen“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZuk, Andrzej. „Sur certaines propriétés spectrales du Laplacien sur les graphes“. Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30272.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMathurin, Joël. „Applications de la théorie des jeux coopératifs à l'analyse économique de la coopération internationale : illustrations par l'étude du cas de la politique agricole commune“. Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguiffeu, Tajouo Eddy Laurence. „Les intermédiaires de commerce en droit de l'OHADA : essai d'une théorie générale de la représentaion commerciale“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010273.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBorn within the context of modernisation and of exposing national economies to competition, OHADA has as principal objective to put in place a climate of confidence favourable to national as well as international investments. To attain this objective, the legislator has engaged in a vast domain of modernisation and harmonisation of business law within the member states. One of the most complex choices was that of actors and professionals in charge of putting in place this dynamic. Trade middlemen were thus retained, in the place of auxiliaries of commerce, to carry out commercial representation within the member states and beyond the frontiers of OHADA zone. This reflection, with regard to the preceding, has as objective to search for coherence between the professional status of actors and the legal regime of the activity of commercial representation in OHADA law. It equally had to evaluate the degree of pertinence of the legal device put in place to regulate the profession of business middlemen. The diversity which characterises this professional category in practice imposed a global and prudent step to arrive at the legal recognition of the professional category of trade middlemen in OHADA law. The contract of a business middleman, even as simple as it is, recommends many theoretical and practical solutions to arrive at it.Within this context, the profession of business middleman in OHADA law needs to be rethought. In effect, the abundant special status surrounding the notion of middleman has contributed to reinforce the opacity of this professional category. It is not always easy to make a distinction between a mandate, representation, brokerage, commission or even commercial agency. These notions are actually diverse, each having its specificity that legal literature and case law have contributed to reinforce. And it is to clear up these interlaces that we made some proposals
Zencker, Vanessa. „Les rapports du droit et de l'économie : contribution à une analyse comparative des théories du droit sur l’économie“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis’ purpose is to compare, for the first time, the most important theories of law regarding economy in order to find out if one of them can be built into a paradigm of the relationship between law and economics. Critical analysis reveals that the Law and Economics, especially the Chicago School, by enclosing the law in an utilitarian logic, leads to deny the very foundations of our discipline: the legal rules, simple instruments for the economy, are considered by the judge in terms of price which must be played on to obtain lower costs. In contrast, economic law, imposing fair competition through regulation, leads to conduct a consumer policy which sometimes contravenes economic objectives. Both theories built on different ideologies (ie value systems) and have a common will to hierarchically conceive values of law and the economy. Therefore, this concept’s limitations explain how the law and economics can be placed in an equal relationship, which was attempted by the autopoietic theory of law through the concept of coupling. However, discarding the axiological dimension of the two subjects, autopoiesis is a questionable system because it focuses on communication at the expense of man. This thesis shows that native systematization of the law and economy relationships is not the way to go: in a context of globalization, we must build a ius commune which must be based on the regulator principle of reasonable. Relationships between law and economy should no longer be thought vertically but horizontally, through networks, which is why the standard is not clear, but gradually composes in the democratic debate by taking into account the aspirations of civil society and a simultaneous use of the judge to economic and legal reasoning