Zeitschriftenartikel: „Theorical approach“

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Sen, Pinar, Salih Zeki Yıldız, Vildan Enisoglu Atalay, Sibel Demir Kanmazalp und Necmi Dege. „Synthesis, molecular structure, spectroscopic and computational studies on 4-(2-(2-(2-formylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phthalonitrile as Functionalized Phthalonitrile“. Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 38, Nr. 1 (24.05.2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2019.1495.

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This work presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel compound, 4-(2-(2-(2-formylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phthalonitrile as the aldehyde functional group substituted phthalonitrile derivative. The spectroscopic properties of the compound were examined by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV-vis, MS, elemental analyses. The molecular structure of the compound was also confirmed using X-ray single-crystal data with a theorical comparative approach.

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BRANCO, Marília Souza Silva, und Maria Beatriz Martins LINHARES. „The toxic stress and its impact on development in the Shonkoff’s Ecobiodevelopmental Theorical approach“. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 35, Nr. 1 (März 2018): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000100009.

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Abstract Development is characterized by quantitative and qualitative changes that occur in a predetermined sequence. However, development could be affected by adversities, which change its typical course. The present study aimed to carry out a review of the concept of toxic stress, used in the Shonkoff’s Ecobiodevelopmental Theory, and to analyze its impact on human development. A search was conducted in the PubMed database, which yielded 12 conceptual articles from 2000 to 2013. The results were categorized into themes. The theory proposed by Shonkoff aims to elucidate the impact of stress on child development, based on other developmental theories. Toxic stress pertains to the prolonged activation of the body as a response to the stress system that can provoke neurobiological and psychological damages. The interventions proposed in the reviewed studies were effective in minimizing the negative effects of this type of stress, as well as in providing support to the caregivers of children.

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Cornaz, Françoise. „Trame relationnelle parents-enfant et absence de langage: implication d’une position théorique sur les indications thérapeutiques“. Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, Nr. 38-39 (01.10.2003): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2003.2585.

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Each speech therapist assume a theorical approach in his clinical field. It’s not so obvious to explain this choice, because it is often not at the conscious. If an interactionnist approach is choosed by the therapist, then a diagnostical tool is necessary to describe the interactions between a child and his parents. It’s necessary to detect if these interactions are able to create or to hold the child’s symptom. Therapies of the interactions can be useful to help parents and to make them able to have better relations with their child. More younger is the child, more important is to help both child and parents.

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Chesne, S., C. Pezerat und J. L. Guyader. „Identification of Boundary Forces in Beams From Measured Displacements“. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, Nr. 6 (19.01.2006): 757–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2202171.

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This paper deals with shear force and bending moment identification in a beam from measured displacement. The proposed approach, using the weak form of the equation of motion, is based on the extraction of shear force or bending moment from integral equation and choice of test functions, associated to each boundary quantity of interest. After the theorical description, numerical simulation results are shown in order to clarify limits of the method and to stress its self-regularization. Two experimentations are described, showing very good accuracy of shear force and bending moment reconstruction in comparison with direct measurements.

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Badenes, Nuria, Borja Gambau und José M. Labeaga. „Counterfactual Assessment in the Design of Tax Reforms: Model Decomposition of Revenue and Redistribution Effects.“ Revista Hacienda Pública Española 245, Nr. 2 (Juni 2023): 179–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.23.2.7.

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In this paper, we propose a methodology for the evaluation of tax reforms through the design of counterfactual scenarios using Euromod. For this purpose, we develop two theorical model decompositions to explain the differences in tax revenue collection and the redistributive impact. We provide empirical evidence by designing a tax reform in Spain based on the French personal income tax. The approach can explain the isolated causes of differences based on the contribution of the tax system design and the income distribution. This result could help determining whether policy recommendations should focus on pre-distribution or redistribution.

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Cheetham, Hugh J. „The Federal Government Proposals for Reform of the GATT Dispute Settlement System: Continued Momentum for a Rules-Oriented Approach to Dispute Settlement in International Trade Agreements“. Revue générale de droit 22, Nr. 2 (19.03.2019): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058131ar.

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In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Québec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law. This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection. The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.

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Rodrigues, Carlos Alberto Bizarro, und Fermin Roland Schramm. „Bioethics of protection: fundamentals and perspective“. Revista Bioética 30, Nr. 2 (Juni 2022): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422022302531en.

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Abstract This article seeks to reflect on the perspective of bioethics of protection and explain its tools, by using a bibliographic survey based on the theorical marks of its main idealizers and the informative reading technique, which seeks to identify the thematic and the main ideas involved. To that end, we first present protection as a bioethical principle by going deeper into the origin, to the definition and the analysis of the terms “vulnerability”, “susceptibility” and “injury”. Then, we seek to present the bioethical approaches regarding the “principle of protection”. Finally, we argue that bioethics of protection works as a paradigm for the apprehension, analysis, and resolution of moral conflicts in public health, revealing itself a fundamental approach in this field, considering its challenge is facing the tension between the individual and the collective spheres.

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Corpus-Mendoza, César Iván, Denisse de Loera, Lluvia Itzel López-López, Brenda Acosta, Sarai Vega-Rodríguez und Gabriela Navarro-Tovar. „Interactions of Antibacterial Naphthoquinones with Mesoporous Silica Surfaces: A Physicochemical and Theoretical Approach“. Pharmaceuticals 15, Nr. 12 (25.11.2022): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15121464.

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1,4−naftoquinone (NQ) molecules have been extensively evaluated as potent antibacterial compounds; however, their use is limited, since they have low water solubility and exhibit toxicities in healthy eukaryotic cells. A possible path to overcoming these challenges is the use of particulate vehicles, such as SBA-15, which is a biocompatible and biodegradable mesoporous silica material, that may enhance drug delivery and decrease dosages. In this work, an isotherm model-based adsorption of three NQs into SBA-15 microparticles was evaluated. Interactions between NQs and SBA-15 microparticles were modeled at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory to understand the nature of such interactions. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of NQ, 2NQ, and 5NQ into SBA-15 fit the Freundlich adsorption model. According to theorical studies, physisorption is mediated by hydrogen bonds, while the most stable interactions occur between the carbonyl group of NQ and silica surfaces. Both experimental and theoretical results contribute to a deeper understanding of the use of SBA-15 or similar particles as nanovehicles in such a way that NQs can be modified in carbonyl or C3 to enhance adsorptions. The theoretical and experimental results were in accordance and contribute to a deeper understanding of how interactions between NQ-type molecules and SiO2 materials occur.

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Onut, Semih, und Tugba Efendigil. „A theorical model design for ERP software selection process under the constraints of cost and quality: A fuzzy approach“. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 21, Nr. 6 (2010): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ifs-2010-0457.

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Harizi, Ariola, und Brunela Trebicka. „The Integration of Social Media in Integrated Marketing Communication: A Systematic Review and Theorical Framework“. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12, Nr. 6 (05.11.2023): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0161.

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This study examines the impact and significance of integrating social media into integrated marketing communication (IMC) strategies. By analyzing the literature and synthesizing existing research, this study aims to evaluate the role of social media in enhancing communication effectiveness, consumer engagement, and brand promotion. The research objective is to assess the level of coherence and consensus among scholars regarding marketing communication strategies and explore emerging trends in social media integration within IMC. This study employs a systematic review methodology to collect and analyze relevant articles from prominent literature databases. Findings underscore the importance of IMC as a holistic approach to marketing communication and demonstrate how social media platforms facilitate two-way interaction between companies and consumers. Additionally, the analysis delves into the influence of social media on consumer perception and engagement, examines the connection between social media integration and the marketing mix, and identifies emerging trends for future research (Bry?a et al., 2022). Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the significance of social media integration within IMC strategies and offers implications for marketers to effectively leverage these platforms for improved communication outcomes. Received: 23 May 2023 / Accepted: 12 October 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023

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Mahlangu, Timson, und Nathaniel Phuti Kgadima. „SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND MARGINALISATION OF HOMELESS PEOPLE: A CLARION SOCIAL WORK CALL FOR THE SPIRIT OF UBUNTU TO REIGN“. Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk 57, Nr. 4 (2021): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15270/57-4-970.

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Social work is committed to the advancement of human rights and social justice. One strategy for promoting social justice is to inculcate a human rights-based approach to social work practice. Using ubuntu as a theorical framework, this article initially explores social exclusion and the accompanying stigma that homeless people experience; it then examines how social workers could apply the principles of ubuntu to re-inscribe homeless people’s human rights. A qualitative study was undertaken with 14 participants who were purposively selected and also identified through snowball sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. Principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability were judiciously adhered to in the research process. The findings indicate that homeless people are the most marginalised population of the community and they are exploited in a variety of ways.

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Mainville, Éric, Vincent Gauthier, Daniel Lavallée und Claude Marche. „Nouvelle approche pour déterminer la distribution des temps de séjour dans les réservoirs d'eau potable en régime non permanent“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, Nr. 4 (01.08.2002): 612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-058.

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Drinking water storage tanks are used to respond to fluctuating demand and to maintain water pressure in the distribution network. In drinking water plants, they are also used for disinfection. In both cases, a good knowledge of the residence time distribution (RTD) is important. An easy way to obtain the water RTD in a drinking water tank is to perform a tracer study. Nevertheless, "classical" tracing techniques can only be used under steady flow conditions. To cope with that, this study proposes a new approach to extend the application of tracer tests to unsteady flow conditions. This new approach is based on signal processing. It has been tested numerically and on a pilot scale model. The numerical tests have shown that this technique can be used for determining the RTD twice more rapidly than the "classical" methods. Thus, this technique allows to approach the knowledge of the RTD under unsteady flow conditions. Pilot scale tests have shown the need for other improvements to bring the quality of the results obtained to the same level of goodness as those obtained from a theorical example.Key words: drinking water, storage tanks, water quality, tracer study, residence time distribution, signal processing, unsteady flow.

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Santos, Pablo Silva Machado Bispo dos. „POR UMA TEORIA MULTIDIMENSIONAL DA APRENDIZAGEM POR COMPETÊNCIAS: O SISTEMA HOLOSFÉRICO DE AVALIAÇÃO EDUCACIONAL“. Revista Expressão Católica 8, Nr. 1 (21.05.2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25190/rec.v8i1.3205.

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O presente trabalho diz respeito a uma análise teórica e metodológica relativa à Teoria da Aprendizagem por Competências, tal como apresentada por Phillippe Perrenoud, a qual (a grosso modo) diz respeito a uma concepção de Educação em que a Aprendizagem se dá pelo desenvolvimento de competências cognitivas, que por sua vez são a resultante da combinação de capacidades cognitivas operatórias com informações apreendidas via memorização de conteúdos. Para além de retificações a esta Teoria, é apresentado um modelo teórico baseado em um olhar de espectro mais amplo acerca da aprendizagem, o que implica nova abordagem teórico-metodológica acerca do trinômio Competências, Habilidades e Atitudes (CHA). Em relação à metodologia utilizada, esta consistiu na utilização de pesquisa bibliográfica combinada com a aplicação de metodologia de análise (multi) vetorial de Matrizes de CHA. Cabe ainda indicar que o estudo ora apresentado possui caráter ensaístico/experimental, advindo de pesquisa em andamento, o que demandará futuramente a aplicação do mesmo a um campo empírico a ser delimitado. No fim deste artigo é apresentado um constructo aplicável à avaliação da aprendizagem (o Sistema Holosférico de Aprendizagem) e capaz de mensurar tanto o processo de construção quanto o de “erosão" de competências cognitivas quanto seu desenvolvimento, de maneira a propiciar que se avalie de modo mais preciso o desenvolvimento das CHA expressas em trilhas de aprendizagem. FOR A MULTIDIMENSIONAL THEORY OF LEARNING BY COMPETENCES: THE HOLOSPHERIC SYSTEM OF EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION ABSTRACT The present paper is a theorical and methodological analysis of the Theory of Learning by Competences, as is developed by Phillippe Perrenoud, which, roughly, is about a conception of Education in which the Learning is due to the development of cognitive skills, which are the result of a combination between operative cognitive capacities with information gathered through memorization. Beyond corrections this theory requires, a theorical model is presented based on a broad spectrum of learning, which implicates a new theorical and methodological approach about the trinomial Competences, Abilities and Attitudes (CHA). In relation to the methodology applied, this is constituted through the use of a bibliographic research combined with the application of the analysis methodology (multi) vector of CHA Matrices. It is also worth to indicate that this is an essayistic/experimental study, resulting from a research in progress, which will demand for its application in an empirical field study to be delimited. At the end of this paper it is presented an applicable construct to educational evaluation (the holospheric learning system), also capable of measuring both the construction process and the “erosion” of cognitive competences and their development, in a way it allows a more precise evaluation of the development of CHA expressed in learning trails.

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Habib, Fereshteh, Ibrahim Numan und Hifsiye Pulhan. „Sociocultural Influences on an Important Example of Iranian Urban Form“. Open House International 33, Nr. 1 (01.03.2008): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2008-b0007.

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In casting a new look at city; this study interprets the urban form in respect of the role played by human perception of space. The main aim of this research at a macro level is to attain a strong theorical basis through a multi-dimensional approach to the city. The method of analyzing and carrying out a critique of it at an applied level will clarify the impact, which cultural factors have in the formation of urban form. This preliminary recognition and idealism is based on a hermeneutic and deductive method that is particular to the intellectual sciences In the process of devising theories, studying the urban planning texts related to the subject of study and the conclusion from the field study which is carried out in the Isfahan Naghshe Jahan square in the Safavy period played a key role in the research in addition to the goals and questions.

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Silva Penteado Setti da Rocha, Anna, Anor Sganzerla, Thiago Rocha Da Cunha und Tatyana Friedrich. „Refugiados ambientais: desafios da bioética global“. Revista Brasileira de Bioética 15 (27.02.2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rbb.v15.2019.23407.

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During the 21st century, global environmental changes have become recurrent, leading many people to move in order to survive. These displacements have been posed like a real threat, because the migration process has a strong impact on human life. This has given rise to a new type of refugee, called environmental refugee, who does not have a clear and well-defined concept on international law and national public policies, neither a widespread acceptance. The absence of consensus on the theorical and practical definitions and the variety of terms that have been used for these people who are forced to move through environmental problems do not protect them simply because of a concept of classification and nomenclature. In view of this, this article aims to analyze the concept and nomenclature of "environmental refugees", providing, through the theoretical approach of global bioethics, some guidelines for the confrontation of this reality that generates vulnerabilities. Keywords: Climate changes. Refugees. Environmental. Migration.

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García, Maribel Aragón, Eduardo Bustos Farías und Yaxkin Flores Mendoza. „Environmental Education Based on the Analysis of the Social Recovery Mechanisms Implemented Post-COVID“. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, Nr. 3 (02.06.2023): e03492. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n3-004.

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Background and Objective: The followed objective of this paper is to analyze the obstacles that the Talara’s Refinery Modernization faced and the taken actions for pos Covid recuperation on as its inner population as in the surrounding society seen from a theorical approach. Method: The approach is qualitative since it responds to a documentary study. Results: The results obtained in the research allude to the fact that the social recovery mechanisms implemented in the PMRT, they favor the surrounding communities and their contractors in a way that generated a better social coexistence, favoring a sustainable environmental education. Conclusion: The environmental education can provide analysis, awareness and understanding to achieve a mature society that combines the personal change that is needed today with political and community commitment. It is clear that Petroperu with the actions carried out promoted the strengthening of social ties for the benefit of the surrounding communities, however, the pandemic still continues and transforms itself, so environmental education becomes relevant as the crisis lessens, talking about health education programs will make it possible to save the welfare of the population.

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Fan, Zenghua, Zixiao Liu, Congcong Huang, Wei Zhang, Zhe Lv und Lefeng Wang. „Capillary Forces between Concave Gripper and Spherical Particle for Micro-Objects Gripping“. Micromachines 12, Nr. 3 (08.03.2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030285.

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The capillary action between two solid surfaces has drawn significant attention in micro-objects manipulation. The axisymmetric capillary bridges and capillary forces between a spherical concave gripper and a spherical particle are investigated in the present study. A numerical procedure based on a shooting method, which consists of double iterative loops, was employed to obtain the capillary bridge profile and bring the capillary force subject to a constant volume condition. Capillary bridge rupture was characterized using the parameters of the neck radius, pressure difference, half-filling angle, and capillary force. The effects of various parameters, such as the contact angle of the spherical concave gripper, the radius ratio, and the liquid bridge volume on the dimensionless capillary force, are discussed. The results show that the radius ratio has a significant influence on the dimensionless capillary force for the dimensionless liquid bridge volumes of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 when the radius ratio value is smaller than 10. The effectiveness of the theorical approach was verified using simulation model and experiments.

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Hudzynskyi, Oleksiy, Svitlana Sudomyr, Thamara Hurenko, Yulia Hudzynska und Maria Sudomyr. „Effective system of ensuring competitive sustainable development of entrepreneurial structures“. Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, Nr. 25 (30.06.2021): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.25.2021.4.

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Purpose of the article consists in the development of theorical and methodological principles for the formation of effective management systems for the competitive development of entrepreneurial structures in the conditions of decentralization. Research methodology considered in the context of the requirements of a systematic approach in the organic unity of target installations of socio-ecological, economic and other tasks and the formation of effective management of competitive development of business structures of production and functional-ensuring direction, which is the basis for the development of socio-economic, synergistic model, substantiation of components according to the allocated by us 11 blocks and methods of assessing the potential of the formed opportunities. Research methodology consists in a methodological approach to the formation and evaluation of an effective management system for the development of socio- economic structures as systemic integrity. Conclusions. The proposed methodology for the formation of effective systems for ensuring the competitive development of enterprises is the basic basis for justifying the potential of formed competitive potentials and a tool for diagnostic and analytical tracking of the effectiveness of decisions and management of actions in the system of empirical activity of entrepreneurial structures. Keywords: system, development, potential, competitiveness of efficiency, sustainability.

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Hodková, Kateřina. „Les relations sémantiques au carrefour des champs conceptuels du droit“. Studia Romanistica 22, Nr. 1 (Juni 2022): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/sr.2022.22.0004.

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The present study concerns the analysis of semantic relationships that exist between legal concepts in Czech and French law. The study combines textual approach, which is necessary for identification of relationships, and the approach of constructing conceptual fields by applying the theory of semic analysis, which help to distinguish terminological and conceptual units from other linguistic units in the texts. Two corpora of legal texts serve as source of legal concepts. These corpora concern the same thematic domain and were established for the purpose of this study. After the theorical and methodological delimitations of the key notions (the definition of concept and term, conceptual field, semic analysis, content of corpora), the study proceeds to a detailed description of linguistic relations within the corpora. This paper focuse on semantic relationships and analyses the following ones: synonymy, opposition (antonymy and contrastivity) and hierarchical relationships (hyperonymy, meronymy and hierarchy of conceptual fields). The analysis concerning two languages and two legal systems enables to compare the data related to the given corpora. For each relationship this study offers a short explanation of the nature of the relationship, its frequency in the two corpora, examples borrowed from the corpora and, if present, the description of other phenomena encountered during the research. These phenomena include, among other things, different types of synonymy, the absence of hyperonyme or holonyme in some hierarchical structures or different types of meronymy.

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Derdar, Bachir. „Arab reception of the theory of the new rhetoric of C. Perelman and L. T achievements of researchers and expectations of readers yteca.“ Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 10, Nr. 1 (30.04.2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol10iss1pp69-84.

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The Arab reception of Western critical methods poses an infinite number of thorny problems, which the specialists are still unable to solve. This is applied in the human sciences field and also in other fields. The reception of the new rhetoric theory can serve as an illustrative example of this civilizational and cultural problem, because the examination of all the elements of this reception (the chronology of interaction through translation, terminology production, transfer of concepts and their integration, theorical and practical guideness) reveals the importance of the problem. In spite of this remark, the reception of the new rhetoric theory is distinguished by the concealment of some constitutive elements that have facilitated the tasks of the concerned Arab researchers, specifically the interest it gives to the rhetorical heritage. The problems mentioned are: Arab equivalents / plethora and dispersion, lexical dependence of the source language, neglectof the socio-cultural dimension, neglect of the textual approach in the translation of terms. These problems are referred to in this article, in three forms of reception: the presentation of the theory, the theoretical recall, and the conceptual support inthe practical studies.

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Derdar, Bachir. „Arab reception of the theory of the new rhetoric of C. Perelman and L. T achievements of researchers and expectations of readers yteca.“ Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 10, Nr. 1 (30.04.2019): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53542/jass.v10i1.3216.

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The Arab reception of Western critical methods poses an infinite number of thorny problems, which the specialists are still unable to solve. This is applied in the human sciences field and also in other fields. The reception of the new rhetoric theory can serve as an illustrative example of this civilizational and cultural problem, because the examination of all the elements of this reception (the chronology of interaction through translation, terminology production, transfer of concepts and their integration, theorical and practical guideness) reveals the importance of the problem. In spite of this remark, the reception of the new rhetoric theory is distinguished by the concealment of some constitutive elements that have facilitated the tasks of the concerned Arab researchers, specifically the interest it gives to the rhetorical heritage. The problems mentioned are: Arab equivalents / plethora and dispersion, lexical dependence of the source language, neglectof the socio-cultural dimension, neglect of the textual approach in the translation of terms. These problems are referred to in this article, in three forms of reception: the presentation of the theory, the theoretical recall, and the conceptual support inthe practical studies.

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Favela Camacho, Saúl Manuel. „Jack of all trades, masters of everything: From a specialized to a generalized way of teaching and learning in higher education“. IE Revista de Investigación Educativa de la REDIECH 15 (22.04.2024): e2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.33010/ie_rie_rediech.v15i0.2007.

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In the context of advanced technology, increased knowledge, complex problems, and global issues, topics related to science and education need to be reimagined and deconstructed. All the proposed pedagogies developed throughout history need to be assessed to figure out which one would be the most suitable according to the current times. Although all of them offered some advantages and worked in their respective sociohistorical contexts, a theorical and pragmatic view should be used to get the best of those pedagogies. Polymathic pedagogy is the proposed way of teaching and learning, where the main educational actors (students-teachers) work together around a systemic paradigm, grounded in the ideal of the unity of knowledge, in which disciplinary, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches draw different theoretical and practical perspectives on the learning-teaching process that influences the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the individual, including the environment. An integrative and holistic approach of all the systems does not mean that the individual needs to acquire and accumulate merely information. Instead, it is a pragmatic way of choosing the appropriate knowledge and applying it in an adequate context.

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Illiashenko, Sergiy, Nataliia Illiashenko, Yuliia Shypulina, Diana Raiko und Viktoriia Bozhkova. „Approach to assessment of prerequisites for implementation of strategic directions of innovative development of industrial enterprises“. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, Nr. 13 (111) (30.06.2021): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.233520.

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The present research substantiates the theorical and methodological foundations of quantitative assessment of the prerequisites for the implementation of strategic directions of innovative development of industrial enterprises under conditions of changing technological arrangement and the fourth industrial revolution. External and internal prerequisites for catching-up, leading and outstripping innovative development were determined and systematized. The two-step approach to assessing the sufficiency of prerequisites for the implementation of these directions was developed. It was proposed to assess external prerequisites according to the relative values of the indicators of the Global Innovation Index of the analyzed country, which take into account the highest and the lowest estimates of all countries Unlike existing approaches, the point-based score, rather than rating estimates of the indicators of countries are taken into account, which increases the assessment objectivity. The compliance of quantitative estimates with the levels of sufficiency of external prerequisites was determined using the Harrington Verbal-Numerical scale. It was proposed to assess internal prerequisites according to the author’s method of expert evaluations, which unlike existing ones, allows assessing the level of sufficiency of subsystems of the potential of innovative development of an enterprise. The two-step approach allows quantitative and comprehensive assessment of sufficiency of the prerequisites for the implementation of strategic directions of innovative development of industrial enterprises. It is possible to identify problems of prerequisites’ sufficiency, which allows their reasonable correction. The sufficiency of prerequisites for alternative directions of innovative development of machine-building enterprises was evaluated using the new approach and the best directions were chosen. The analysis time was reduced by 25–33 %, the accuracy of choice of directions and the effectiveness of their implementation strategies are increasing. The new approach improves strategic management of innovative development of industrial enterprises in the context of technological transformations

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Locatelli, Claudriana, Joyce Kelly Busolin Jardim und Vilmair Zancanaro. „Role of antioxidants in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Integrative review“. Research, Society and Development 10, Nr. 1 (24.01.2021): e46310112028. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.12028.

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Theorical framework: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a unique cancer that typically arises in the setting of chronic liver disease at a rate dependent upon the complex interplay between the host, disease, and environmental factors. Unfortunately, with contemporary management, patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma have few treatment options, and the prognosis is poor. Objective: Evaluate the role of antioxidants in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methodology: It is an integrative review, with a qualitative approach. Based on research on ScienceDirect and PubMed databases, 12 articles were selected that were consistent with the theme and the inclusion and exclusion criteria, through the association of descriptors and keywords. Results: Studies in vivo demonstrated a positive correlation of antioxidants in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The antioxidants were able to promote inhibition of development tumor through promotes decrease of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 and changes the ratios of Bax/Bcl2 that supports apoptosis. In oxidative stress, may be able to direct free radical scavenging activity. Among the main antioxidants with advanced preclinical evidence in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is curcumin with tests in humans, and gallic acid, quercetin and resveratrol with several tests in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: This study highlights that antioxidants can be a promising therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Turk, Seda. „Taguchi Loss Function in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets along with Personal Perceptions for the Sustainable Supplier Selection Problem“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 10 (19.05.2022): 6178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106178.

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Sustainability, a new interdisciplinary paradigm, can be defined as a standard in terms of economic, environmental and social awareness of a company. In many applications, theoretical sustainability models considering the importance of three aspects equally differed from models used in practice. A sustainable supplier selection problem generally contains many conflicting information and the imprecise decision makers’ knowledge, and decision makers can judge suppliers based on their first impression. Hence, in this study, a sustainable supplier selection problem of a plastic packaging company in Turkey is taken into account under an expert-based model and a theorical-based model for three scenarios which consider personal perceptions of decision makers. First, an intuitionistic fuzzy set-based method is applied to the problem using two different distance measurement approaches, namely, fuzzy normalized Euclidean distance and the Taguchi loss function, for which an alternative method is proposed. Then, suppliers are ranked and the validity of the results is also checked using the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient. The results indicate that (i) the personal perception of decision makers has an inevitable impact on results, (ii) the proposed approach can capture the associated uncertainties embedded in decision makers and fuzzy environment, and (iii) there is a disparity between the theory and the reality of sustainability.

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Conejeros M., Juan Pablo. „Contexto pedagógico de Don Bosco. En torno a los antecedentes del sistema preventivo“. Foro Educacional, Nr. 18 (26.05.2015): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07180772.18.844.

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Resumen:El presente trabajo es una aproximación - desde la Teoría de la Educación y la Historia de la Pedagogía - al contexto pedagógico del siglo XIX en el que vivió Don Bosco con el propósito no sólo de poder apreciar las principales características de su propuesta educativa,sino además advertir posibles influencias de pedagogos anteriores y contemporáneos a él yque subyacen al sistema preventivo. Desde esta perspectiva se abordarán algunos aspectos teóricos/conceptuales y epistemológicos, así como algunos componentes socio/culturales e históricos del período en cuestión que faciliten el logro de los propósitos planteados.Palabras clave: Sistema Preventivo -Contexto Pedagógico – Influencias Educativas. PEDAGOGICAL CONTEXT OF DON BOSCO. ABOUTTHE BACKGROUND OF THE PREVENTIVE SYSTEM.Abstract:This paper is an approach – from the theory of Education a and Teaching History – the nineteenth-century pedagogic context which Don Bosco lived in order to appreciate not only the main features of his educational proposal, but also warn potential influences of past and contemporary educators to him and that underlying the preventive system. From this perspective we address some theorical/conceptual and epistemological as well as some component of social/cultural and historical period in question to facilitate the attainment of the proposals made.Key Words: Preventive System- Pedagogical Context – Educational Influences

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Cuciureanu, Iulian Dan, Cristina Croitoru, Victor Constantinescu und Tudor Cuciureanu. „DELIRIUM IN ACUTE NEUROLOGICAL CARE DEPARTMENT. CAUSES, PATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT“. Romanian Journal of Neurology 16, Nr. 3 (30.09.2017): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2017.3.2.

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Defined as an organic decline, often transient, ondulant, mainly of cognitive function, memory, language, delirium is often considered the attribute of patients hospitalized with multiple illnesses. Medical costs, and subsequent psychological implications, prognostic particularities gives him a special social importance. Although with multiple recognized etiology, its pathogenesis is partially known, involving relays and neural networks. In the presence of known predisposing factors and under some precipitating influence like acute metabolic or inflammatory disorders (interleukins 1, 6, caspaze), infections, vascular endothelial dysfunction that cause malfunctions of neurotransmitters (GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, melatonin) occurs, mainly, an atentionale matrix disruption (attention modulation is done through the collaboration of the neocortex, thalamus and brainstem’s reticular substance) as well as structural changes of neural networks and their interaction with cerebral default network. Its prevalence is estimated at the time of admission between 11-30% of patients. Early identification of patients at risk and multifactorial and multidisciplinary approach represents efficient solution to prevent delirium consequences. Authors performed a synthetic rundown of the main theorical aspects of delirium and exemplify by a retrospective study in “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Neurologycal Clinic of Emergencies hospital, Iasi. From 3,707 patients admitted in one year, 32% had impaired language and only 7% have presented confusional syndrome: 58% in ischemic strokes or haemorrhagic (9%), epilepsy (18%), intracerebral tumors (1.8%), metabolic encephalopathies (7%), neurodegenerative disorders (22%), infections (3%). Ages prevailed over 60 years and males (64%), low outcome in 15%, 80% had improvement in evolution and 5% died.

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Maillard, Michel. „compléments ne complètent-ils que le verbe et le verbe n’est-il complété que par des compléments?“ Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, Nr. 37 (01.12.2002): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/ne.tranel.19578.

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This paper chiefly deals with the notions of verb ruling, copulative complement and sentence adverbials, presented within the scope of a contrastive approach between English and French grammatical terminologies. In the theorical model of grammar proposed by Noam Chomsky, the traditional concept of the government of an object by a verb has been extended to other linguistic units in a sentence. Here we propose to reintroduce the old and apparently obsolete notion of regimen - régime in French grammar - in order to isolate a type of government in which the verbs strictly require and determine the linguistic units depending on its occurrence. What is not régime du verbe is called «complément», including those components which complete copulative verbs, in accordance with the English use of complement, corresponding to the traditional attribut in the French grammatical terminology. Complements are divided into essential, accessory and associated (i.e., associés). The first ones are required but not governed by the verb. The second ones depend on the verb but are neither required nor governed by it. The third ones are sentence adverbials, simply associated with the predicate, particularly when they indicate either the writer’s/speaker’s attitude to the reader/listener or their attitude to the topic at hand. This new organization of the components which form or complete the predicate is supported by a set of nine grammatical tests to be thoroughly demonstrated at the end of the paper (test of negation scope, focalization, conversion to pseudo-cleft sentence, topicality, embedding of a relative clause, interrogation, covariance with the subject of the verb, passivity process, selection of prepositions).

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Maillard, Michel. „compléments ne complètent-ils que le verbe et le verbe n’est-il complété que par des compléments?“ Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, Nr. 37 (01.12.2002): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2002.2693.

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This paper chiefly deals with the notions of verb ruling, copulative complement and sentence adverbials, presented within the scope of a contrastive approach between English and French grammatical terminologies. In the theorical model of grammar proposed by Noam Chomsky, the traditional concept of the government of an object by a verb has been extended to other linguistic units in a sentence. Here we propose to reintroduce the old and apparently obsolete notion of regimen - régime in French grammar - in order to isolate a type of government in which the verbs strictly require and determine the linguistic units depending on its occurrence. What is not régime du verbe is called «complément», including those components which complete copulative verbs, in accordance with the English use of complement, corresponding to the traditional attribut in the French grammatical terminology. Complements are divided into essential, accessory and associated (i.e., associés). The first ones are required but not governed by the verb. The second ones depend on the verb but are neither required nor governed by it. The third ones are sentence adverbials, simply associated with the predicate, particularly when they indicate either the writer’s/speaker’s attitude to the reader/listener or their attitude to the topic at hand. This new organization of the components which form or complete the predicate is supported by a set of nine grammatical tests to be thoroughly demonstrated at the end of the paper (test of negation scope, focalization, conversion to pseudo-cleft sentence, topicality, embedding of a relative clause, interrogation, covariance with the subject of the verb, passivity process, selection of prepositions).

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Nalesso, F. „Plasma Filtration Adsorption Dialysis (PFAD): A New Technology for Blood Purification“. International Journal of Artificial Organs 28, Nr. 7 (Juli 2005): 731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880502800712.

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Severe sepsis is one of the most significant challenges in critical care. Despite all the developments achieved in infectious diseases and critical care, along with numerous attempts to develop treatments, the mortality rate of severe sepsis and septic shock remains unacceptably high. The pathophysiology of severe sepsis and septic shock is only partially understood. Circulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators appear to participate in the complex cascade of events which leads to deranged microcirculatory function, as we know from the peak concentration hypothesis. Therapeutic trials targeting single pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators failed to demonstrate any benefit, suggesting that the unselective removal of different mediators may be a more appropriate approach. In severe sepsis several blood purification techniques, such as continuous hemofiltration (CVVH), high volume hemofiltration (HVHF), pulse high volume hemofiltration (HVHF), plasma filtration, plasma adsorption, coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA), have been proposed but such techniques appear to have both theorical as well as practical limitations. Plasma Filtration Adsorption Dialysis (PFAD) is a new extracorporeal treatment which combines different principles of blood purification in a single device. The core of this technique is a new dialyzer composed by three suitable compartments that provide specific functions. The association of multiple principles permits specific removal of molecules implicated in the pathophysiology of patient's disease and re-establishment of hydro-electrolyte, acid-base equilibrium, if renal dysfunction-failure is present. The final target of PFAD is to obtain complete purification by combining principles of physics and chemistry to remove hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules with a very wide range of weights.

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Serrano-Díaz, Gerardo Eduardo. „La definición de probabilidad y su enseñanza a partir de sus significados: reflexiones“. INVESTIGACIÓN Y POSTGRADO 37, Nr. 2 (03.12.2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56219/investigacinypostgrado.v37i2.1456.

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El concepto de probabilidad está sujeto a fundamentos teóricos que la sustentan y a realidades en donde se evidencia su aplicabilidad. Con respecto al segundo aspecto, entran todas aquellas apreciaciones, ideas y preconceptos cuyo origen está en la cotidianidad. Allí se encuentran los primeros elementos que sirven para comprender la teoría construida a partir de ellos. Así, surgen cinco significados fundamentales que caracterizan a la probabilidad como lo son el intuitivo, clásico o laplaciano, frecuencial, subjetivo y matemático o axiomático. Dichos significados dificultan dar una definición completa de probabilidad, pero sirven para tener una idea sobre ella y a la vez representan un recurso asertivo para emprender acciones pedagógicas, confluyentes en la comprensión del concepto, desde los niveles fundamentales de la educación. Por ello el presente artículo, presenta un conjunto de reflexiones para que el docente emprenda su labor en esta dirección. Previo a ello se generó una definición aproximada de probabilidad. Abstract Probability concept have theorical fundamentals and applications. By this way originates the five basic probability meanings: intuitive, classic, frequently, subjective and axiomatic or mathematic. Is difficult to generate a probability definition, considering that meanings; but gives a set of ideas about it. Also, it means the beginning to create pedagogical actions for the probability concept comprehension, across the fundamentals level of teaching. This article shows a set of thought that will be able to begin the teacher labor in that sense. Previously is generate an approach probability definition. Key Words: Probability, Probability meanings, Probability concept teaching.

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Silva, Priscilla Chantal Duarte, Stefania Chaves Ferreira, Anna Rita Tomich Magalhães Felippe und Ricardo Luiz Perez Teixeira. „The Approach to Fire Safety in the Curriculum Map-Matrix of Engineering Courses at a Federal University According to The Parameters of law 13.425: a Systematic Review“. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 16, Nr. 2 (19.08.2022): e02959. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v16n2-011.

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Objective: the aim of this study is to analyze how and how often the fire protection approach is included in the curriculum of engineering courses. Theoretical reference: fire protection has gained the spotlight, in large part, as a result of some disasters that have occurred in recent years. The subject has evolved and gained considerable prominence, thus requiring changes in current legislation, as well as the formulation of new Standards and Laws, capable of mitigating the risk of fire occurrence. It is necessary to understand the role of the future engineer on the fire protection policy, to avoid possible fire occurrences in institutions. So, several studies from literature about fire have been used to a theorical basis of this research. Methodology: a systematic literature review whit Prism protocol have been used to a review literature. The databases used and selected for this study was Google Academic, Scielo and Eric was carried out in a quantitative analysis. Secondly, in a qualitative analysis, a case study was carried out, starting with an investigation of the curriculum of nine engineering courses at a Brazilian university, to verify the consistency of the fire protection approach and compliance with the “Kiss Law” in the courses studied. Results and conclusion: the results indicate a certain insufficiency of disciplines when analyzing the curricular matrices of each course. In most cases, the adoption of contents or disciplines that address the topic present fire protection generically and inconsistently. It is concluded that there is still a lack of knowledge about the relevance of the topic and effective non-compliance with legislation on the subject. There is, therefore, a need for implementation measures in the learning topics of engineering curricula. Originality/ value: There are few studies on fire protection in the school environment. So, the originality of this study is in analyzing how engineering schools are implementing fire protection legislation and how this practice is effective for collective safety.

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Pina, Rafael, Haileleol Tibebu, Joosep Hook, Varuna De Silva und Ahmet Kondoz. „Overcoming Challenges of Applying Reinforcement Learning for Intelligent Vehicle Control“. Sensors 21, Nr. 23 (25.11.2021): 7829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237829.

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Reinforcement learning (RL) is a booming area in artificial intelligence. The applications of RL are endless nowadays, ranging from fields such as medicine or finance to manufacturing or the gaming industry. Although multiple works argue that RL can be key to a great part of intelligent vehicle control related problems, there are many practical problems that need to be addressed, such as safety related problems that can result from non-optimal training in RL. For instance, for an RL agent to be effective it should first cover all the situations during training that it may face later. This is often difficult when applied to the real-world. In this work we investigate the impact of RL applied to the context of intelligent vehicle control. We analyse the implications of RL in path planning tasks and we discuss two possible approaches to overcome the gap between the theorical developments of RL and its practical applications. Specifically, firstly this paper discusses the role of Curriculum Learning (CL) to structure the learning process of intelligent vehicle control in a gradual way. The results show how CL can play an important role in training agents in such context. Secondly, we discuss a method of transferring RL policies from simulation to reality in order to make the agent experience situations in simulation, so it knows how to react to them in reality. For that, we use Arduino Yún controlled robots as our platforms. The results enhance the effectiveness of the presented approach and show how RL policies can be transferred from simulation to reality even when the platforms are resource limited.

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Laaraj, Nadia, und Driss Ferhane. „Management Practices of SMEs Owners in Emerging Economies: A Gender Comparative Study“. International Business Research 13, Nr. 1 (04.12.2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n1p79.

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The literature on management practices indicates that the company’s performance depends largely on the skills of its leader, when the intuition of the latter is based on the instruments and rational management methods. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between the gender and management practices in terms of current operations (Production, marketing, finance, …), identify the characteristics of the owner-manager of SMEs (male and female specific), and detect the points of divergence and convergence between women's and men's management. To do so, we conducted a theoretical analysis of the main concepts and indicators that allowed us to develop a research model. The analysis of the answers was based on a survey adressed to a sample of owner-managers. Our findings confirm that the personal characteristics of the owner-manager influence the management practices. The results of the comparison between the Moroccan ruling woman and man, show that there are no real differences in management style, but rather some shared values between them. This paper provides a theorical contribution on the link between the profile of owner-managers and management practices including the gender parameter. In terms of pratical contribution, it contribute to understand behavior of Moroccan SMEs owners and to show the importance of this two dimensions, the profil of owner managers and gender approach, it can be also considered as a recent study of the typical profile of owner-managers in an emerging country such as Morocco. We try, through this work, to contribute to this field of research which remains very fertile.

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Silva, Marianny Jessica de Brito, Claudine Julia Silva und Mirelly Mary Alves Pinheiro. „Be authentic! Analyzing the image management of digital nano-influencers“. ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing 22, Nr. 3 (02.10.2023): 1127–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/remark.v22i3.21653.

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to understand how nano-influencers deal with managing their image with a view to achieving authenticity. Method: This research used a qualitative approach, with data constructed through semi-structured interviews and analyzed based on Thematic Analysis. Results: We recognized that the main objective of nano-influencers is to build their reputation, so that they develop organic and structuring content strategies that enhance their naturalness, expertise and accessibility. By reinforcing their authenticity, these nano-influencers have creative control over the content they develop, externalizing their identities and generating congruence between message and sender. The invasion of brands in their profiles, therefore, is minimal, so that they can be justified by the influencers' passion for the products, aiding a coherent construction of narratives. Theorical contributions: We found that nano-influencers develop a fairytale authenticity when analysing their endorsements of brands. However, by exposing their own brand, that is, the services they offer, the human brand that they are, these SMIs seek absolute authenticity, based on transparency and organicity, similarity and inseparability. This is a considerable advance in the literature, as we identified that the paths of authenticity can be different from the stakeholder it is aimed at (brands or followers). Originality/relevance: We proposed a theoretical model consisting of five elements that characterize the image management of nano-influencers. This is an unprecedented research movement to identify the constructs that form image management. We believe that such elements are guiding motives for the actions of SMIs, and we propose that variations in the types of influencers will affect the characteristics contained in these elements.

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Lima, Otávio Souza, und Márcio Dourado Rccha. „PRODUÇÃO DE LEITE NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR:“. Revista Gestão, Inovação e Negócios 7, Nr. 1 (19.11.2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37951/2447-8520.2021v7i1.p1-16.

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O presente artigo trata-se de um estudo sobre a cadeia produtiva de leite, tendo como principal objetivo o entendimento sobre a comercialização deste produto entre os pequenos e grandes produtores, entretanto tendo uma prioridade para o pequeno pecuarista leiteiro, uma vez que este trabalhador rural, no decorrer dos tempos, está enfrentando muitas dificuldades em detrimento do seu sistema produtivo por se caracterizar de baixo volume, além de que a qualidade do seu produto do tipo C não é valorizado no mercado de lácteos, pelo motivo de baixa escala de produtividade, além da ausência de enquadramento nos padrões de classificação que são cada vez mais rígidos. Faz um estudo sobre a evolução do mercado leiteiro brasileiro nas últimas décadas, desde a produção da matéria-prima até a comercialização do leite para o consumidor, por meio de implementação de tecnologias e novas técnicas agropecuárias inseridas nesta atividade e ainda aborda in loco da situação específica de produtores no município de Itaguaru-GO, confrontando entrevista entre participantes de três grupos distintos. Apresenta dados da coleta com comentários baseados no referencial teórico utilizado e faz considerações finais em que aponta possíveis soluções para o enfrentamento do problema abordado, com a missão de apresentar aos leitores como essa atividade está perdendo o valor nas pequenas propriedades rurais. ABSTRACT The present article is a study about the productive milk chain, it has like main objective the understanding about this product commercialization between the small and big producers, with a spotlight to the small milk producer, what year after year facing many difficulties to the detriment of its production system because it is characterized by low volume, besides the low quality of their product in the dairy market, for the reason that their low scale of productivity, as well as the lack of compliance with increasingly stringent. This is a study about the evolution of the Brazilian dairy market, from the raw material to the commercialization of the milk for the final consumer, through the technology implementation and new farming techniques inside this activity, and still is done an in loco approach with the producers of the Itaguaru-GO town, confronting the interviews with members from three distinct groups. The survey data are showing based in the theorical reference and make final considerations where is appointed possible solutions for the present problem, with the mission to show to the reader how this activity is losting their value in the little rural property. Key words: Agribusiness; Small Milk Producers; Primary Industries. ABSTRACT The present article is a study about the productive milk chain, it has like main objective the understanding about this product commercialization between the small and big producers, with a spotlight to the small milk producer, what year after year facing many difficulties to the detriment of its production system because it is characterized by low volume, besides the low quality of their product in the dairy market, for the reason that their low scale of productivity, as well as the lack of compliance with increasingly stringent. This is a study about the evolution of the Brazilian dairy market, from the raw material to the commercialization of the milk for the final consumer, through the technology implementation and new farming techniques inside this activity, and still is done an in loco approach with the producers of the Itaguaru-GO town, confronting the interviews with members from three distinct groups. The survey data are showing based in the theorical reference and make final considerations where is appointed possible solutions for the present problem, with the mission to show to the reader how this activity is losting their value in the little rural property. Key words: Agribusiness; Small Milk Producers; Primary Industries.

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Navarro Martínez, Sergio Iván, und Antonio Saldívar Moreno. „CONSTRUCCIÓN Y SIGNIFICADO DE LA INTERCULTURALIDAD EN LA ESCUELA NORMAL INDÍGENA INTERCULTURAL BILINGÜE «JACINTO CANEK»“. Revista Pueblos y fronteras digital 6, Nr. 12 (01.12.2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2011.12.123.

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La relativa reciente aparición del paradigma intercultural ha derivado en que al implementarlo en las distintas experiencias educativas se presenten diferentes problemas. Principalmente el hecho de que se confunde la interculturalidad con aspectos que se reducen al rescate de las tradiciones y elementos culturales o a la incorporación de la lenguas indígenas en los procesos educativos. El presente artículo analiza la forma en que es comprendida la interculturalidad y la educación intercultural en la educación superior. El estudio se realiza en la Escuela Normal Indígena Intercultural Bilingüe «Jacinto Canek», ENIIB, ubicada en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas. El planteamiento metodológico de esta investigación es el enfoque metateórico del interaccionismo simbólico, donde se asume que las prácticas educativas son un escenario donde el sujeto interactúa con otros grupos sociales y son estos procesos de interrelación los que contribuyen de forma decisiva a la configuración de la personalidad del individuo. ABSTRACTThe relatively recent emergence of the paradigm of interculturality has led to various difficulties in its application to different educational experiences. One of the main problems is the fact that interculturality is confounded with aspects that are reduced to reclaiming cultural traditions and elements or to the inclusion of indigenous languages in education processes. This paper analyzes what is understood by interculturality and intercultural education in the field of higher education. The study was conducted at the «Jacinto Canek» Intercultural Bilingual Indigenous Teacher Training School (Escuela Normal Indígena Intercultural Bilingüe «Jacinto Canek» / ENIIB) located in Zinacantán, Chiapas. The methodology developed for this study is based on the meta-theorical approach of symbolic interactionism. It assumes that educational practices are a scenario where the subject interacts with other social groups and that it is these interrelationship processes that decisively contribute to the shaping of an individual’s personality.

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Shcherbak, Serhii. „“Welfare State” as a Variable Conceptual Model of a Modern Socially Oriented Market Economy“. Modern Economics 25, Nr. 1 (23.02.2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v25(2021)-26.

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Annotation. Introduction. The article discusses the views of scientists on the “welfare state” model of the implementation of the principles of a socially oriented market economy. Purpose. Analysis of versatile scientific works and researches. Research of the theorical and methodological principles of “welfare state” as a variable conceptual model of modern socially oriented market economy. Results. The implementation of the tactical and strategic task that fundamentally faces the state and the national economy of Ukraine – a significant improvement in the welfare and level of social protection of citizens – is possible only if the socially oriented market economy is consistently developed according to the “state of general welfare” model. Fundamentally, this model should include, as shown earlier: effective private and public sectors of the economy, effective state macroeconomic regulation, high level of social protection and health care, correctly defined goals of investment and innovation development, stimulation of entrepreneurial initiative and competition, a clear focus on a high level of international competitiveness. Conclusions. The socially oriented market economy, built in developed countries in the last third of the twentieth century, was studied as a generalized and practically implemented model of the “welfare state”. Theoretical and methodological directions of its analysis as a conceptual model in variative theoretical and practical approaches and their application in the context of possibilities of realization of general principles, principles and peculiarities of certain countries are defined. It has been shown that in the target orientation of the “welfare state” as a conceptual model of the social market economy, the welfare of the country’s citizens occupies the first place, that is, the standard of living, which includes not only the material component (the level of income per capita), but also such a concept as quality of life (ecology, quality of food, medicines, social standards, etc.). The theoretic and methodological approach to the analysis of the socio-economic system as a model of development and functioning is substantiated, which allows to find out more thoroughly and clearly the main directions of society’s progress in the XXI century. Keywords: welfare state; socio-economic system; socially oriented economy; welfare of the nation; social protection.

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Rachmatsyah, T. Herry, und Franky Franky. „THE ANALYSIS OF PARTIAL EFFECT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE MODERATION, TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, AND LOCAL CULTURE, TOWARD PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION ORGANIZATION CHANGES“. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, Nr. 2 (08.02.2024): e2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i2.2640.

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Purpose: This paper aims to analyse the partial effect and moderation between variables of organizational culture, transformational leadership, and local culture; toward organizational changes. Theorical framework: The process of higher education in Indonesia cannot be separated from government intervention as the highest stakeholder, including in educational institutions. Some policies related to the curriculum, teaching staff, education staff, facilities, administration, and so on. Thus, higher education providers must fulfil administrative elements predominantly, rather than developing knowledge and skills. By looking at this phenomenon, there has to be a link between political interests, policies, and higher education (Zhai and Yuan, 2019). Design/methodology/approach: This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis. Data analysis used in this study is using SmartPLS 3.0 with 315 samples of higher education institution leaders in Jakarta. The research questions of this study are: a. the Effects of organizational culture on organizational change; b. the impact of transformational leadership on organizational change; c. impact of local culture on organizational change; d. the impact of transformational leadership facilitation on organizational change; e. effects of local culture moderation on the relationship between organizational culture and organizational change. Findings: The results of this study are: 1) organizational culture has positive and significant impact toward organization changes (relatively low, only 7.1%); 2) transformational leadership has positive and significant impact toward organization changes (relatively high, 88.9%); 3) local culture has positive and significant impact toward organization changes (relatively low, only 5.3%); 4) transformational leadership has no moderation relationship between organizational culture and organization changes; 5) local culture has no moderation relationship between organizational culture and organization changes, hence those two moderation variables are not getting stronger nor weaken. They are independently has partial effect to the organization and need no moderation toward organizational culture to achieve organization changes. Research, Practical & Social Implications: This study has come up with empiric and scientific findings that transformational leadership has the highest effect toward organizational changes in private owned higher education organizations in Jakarta, Indonesia. Originality/value: The novelty of this study has shown that shows that transformational leadership has the greatest impact on organizational change in a private university in Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Quezada Herrera, Cristóbal. „La apropiación tecnológica en la investigación histórica y los Estudios Sociales de Ciencia y Tecnología (CTS)“. Revista de la Academia 30 (24.11.2020): 106–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/0196318.0.1708.

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El presente artículo expone una revisión teórica de la literatura existente sobre la apropiación tecnológica en los Estudios de Sistemas de Información (IS) y explora las posibilidades de su uso metodológico en la investigación histórica y en los estudios CTS. Para ello se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre las concesiones para radiodifusión comunitaria en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago entre 1996 y el año 2000. Se expone la Teoría de Estructuración Adaptativa, el Modelo de Estructuración de Tecnologías, el Modelo de Apropiación de Tecnologías y el Modelo Racional de Apropiación Tecnológica. De este último se lleva a cabo una revisión conceptual para situarlo metodológicamente en el contexto de la investigación. Se recurre a la revisión de los decretos y resoluciones que otorgaron concesión de derechos de transmisión para estaciones radiodifusoras de mínima cobertura y mediante un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo se establece el rol del sistema de radiodifusión nacional como un limitador, en lo jurídico y en lo técnico, de la apropiación tecnológica de la radiocomunicación comunitaria. Además, sitúa teórica y metodológicamente el estudio de la apropiación tecnológica, en términos históricos, como un campo de disputa y como un modelo libre a precisiones conceptuales locales que requiera cada investigación. Palabras clave: Apropiación tecnológica; Radios comunitarias; Radiodifusión; Investigación Histórica; Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología. Abstract: This article offers a theoretical review of technological appropriation in Information Systems Studies (IS) literature and explores the possibilities of this approach in STS and in historical research. In order to develop that, I expose the research results about community radios concessions in Metropolitan Region of Santiago between 1996 and 2000. The paper presents the Adaptative Structuration Theory, Structurational Model of Technology, Model of Technology Appropriation and Rational Model of Technology Appropriation. Moreover, I propose a conceptual revision of the latter that aims to methodologically situate it in this particular research. I investigate decrees and resolutions of community radios concessions using quantitative and qualitative methods in order to establish the role of radio broadcasting system as a legal and technical limiter in technological appropriation of community radiocommunications. Furthermore, I situate, theorical and methodologically, the approach of technological appropriation in STS and in historical research as a dispute field as well as opening it to local conceptual precisions that other researches may require. Key words: Technological appropriation; Community radios; Broadcasting; Historical research; Social Studies of Science and Technology.

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Kissler, Juliana Caroline, Lucas Matheus Salvini und Nathascha Hoffmann Marczinski. „A ocorrência de historiotopônimos nas ruas de Marechal Cândido Rondon“. Onomástica desde América Latina 2, Nr. 4 (25.08.2021): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/odal.v0i0.27311.

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Os topônimos podem revelar aspectos da cultura e da sociedade de uma localidade. Mediante isto, juntamente ao interesse em desvendar curiosidades acerca da nomeação das ruas de Marechal Cândido Rondon, município da região oeste do Paraná, objetivamos investigar acontecimentos e fatos que possam ter contribuído para a escolha dos historiotopônimos das ruas da cidade constituídas por datas, além de interpretar suas enunciações, que expressam preferência às datas selecionadas. Para isto, empregamos a abordagem qualitativa e as metodologias bibliográfica e documental, uma vez que realizamos revisão de literatura com pressupostos teóricos da Toponomástica (DICK, 1992; ISQUERDO, 1997; SEIDE, 2010; BRANDÃO ABBADE, 2016), e da Semântica do Acontecimento (GUIMARÃES, 2002), a investigação e listagem dos historiotopônimos, bem como a coleta de informações históricas sobre a formação do município. Utilizamos um corpus formado por 14 historiotopônimos, dos quais 7 rememoram acontecimentos e comemorações nacionais, 4 estão vinculados a fatos e personalidades importantes da localidade, enquanto 3 não foram relacionados a nenhum acontecimento. Constatamos que a enunciação dos historiotopônimos nacionais está vinculada ao interesse em afirmar o município como pertencente à nação, enquanto os historiotopônimos relacionados a personalidades da história do município tinham a intenção de contribuir para caracterizá-lo como uma cidade alemã.The occurrence of historiotoponyms in Marechal Cândido Rondon's streetsAbstractToponyms can reveal cultural and social aspects from a certain place. Upon this and alongside with the interest of unveiling curiosities about the naming of Marechal Cândido Rondon’s streets, a city located in the Paraná’s west, we aimed to investigate events and facts that may have contributed to the process of choosing the city streets’ historioponyms constituted by dates, besides interpreting the enunciations in them, which express preference to the chosen dates. Applying qualitative approach, bibliographic and documentary methodologies, we reviewed theorical assumptions from Toponomastic studies (DICK, 1992; ISQUERDO, 1997; SEIDE, 2010; BRANDÃO ABBADE, 2016) and from Semântica do Acontecimento (GUIMARÃES, 2002), investigated historiotoponyms and collected data from historic informations related to the constitution of the city. From the 14 historiotoponyms identified, 7 recall national events and commemorations, 4 are related to local important facts and personalities, while 3 of them were not related to any event. Based on that, we were able to state that the enunciation of the national hystoriotoponyms is linked to the interest of alleging that the city belongs to the brazilian nation, while historioroponyms linked to important personalities in the history of the city aim to contribute to characterizing the city as a German city.Key-words: Toponomastic, Historiotoponyms, Semântica do Acontecimento.

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Nguyen, Binh Hai Thi, Tran Huyen Le, Tri Quan Dang und Luan Thanh Nguyen. „What Role Does AI Chatbot Perform in the F&B Industry? Perspective from Loyalty and Value Co-Creation: Integrated PLS-SEM and ANN Techniques“. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, Nr. 4 (24.08.2023): e794. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i4.794.

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Purpose: This study examines the process formation of customer loyalty and customer value co-creation towards AI chatbots by exploring the successive effects of perceived value aspects, perceived information quality, technological self-efficacy for online trust, aspects of loyalty, and value co-creation. Theorical framework: The increasingly strong reception of humans for a new wave of digitalization has promoted the need to learn about customer loyalty and customers' value co-creation formation for businesses applying AI chatbots to their operations business to attract and retain customers. The study utilized the perceived value dimension, as well as perceived information quality, technological self-efficacy, and online trust, to comprehend loyalty and value co-creation. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire survey with 447 participants, who had used Pizza Hut's AI chatbot service in Vietnam. The data was analyzed by integrating two techniques: partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Findings: The results show that aspects of perceived value, perceived information quality, and technological self-efficacy all have a significant impact on online trust except hedonic value, which in turn leads to the formation of aspects of loyalty and high ability to create value co-creation. The analysis results show that perceived information quality has a stronger impact on online trust than technological self-efficacy. In addition, the non-linear results from the ANN analysis show that attitudinal loyalty has relatively stronger importance for value co-creation than behavioral loyalty. Research, Practical & Social Implication: This study contributes to the emerging literature on the use of AI chatbots by investigating the possibility of consumers and providers co-creating value. Second, in this study, the authors delved into the internal aspects of loyalty and separated it into two primary aspects, behavioral and attitudinal, in order to clarify their impact on the factors that influence AI chatbot and value co-creation. In conclusion, this research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a more multidimensional perspective on theories. Originality/value: The integration of PLS-SEM and ANN techniques into the analysis to simultaneously explore both linear and non-linear mechanisms of this study explained the influence of aspects of perceived value, perceived information quality, and technological self-efficacy on aspects of loyalty and value co-creation via online trust in AI chatbots context. In addition, this study extends the perceived value to explore the impact of internal and external personal factors on AI chatbots.

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Makhdoomi, Mudassir. „DATA MINING APPROACH FOR BIG DATA ANALYSIS:A THEORITICAL DISCOURSE“. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 8, Nr. 7 (20.08.2017): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v8i7.4032.

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Konchak, William. „Gadamer’s “Practice” of Theoria“. Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy 24, Nr. 2 (2020): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/epoche202034164.

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This paper explores the Greek conception of theoria, Gadamer’s interpretation of it, and how he applies it to his own hermeneutics. In particular, the transition that Gadamer makes from traditional metaphysical perspectives of theoria in ancient thought towards the activity of theoria within human life is explored, and the role that his aesthetics plays in this process. The importance of the intertwining of theory and practice for Gadamer is considered and what the practice of theoria may consist in. It is suggested that Gadamer’s approach, which emphasizes heightened experiences of interconnection to promote self-transformation, is a productive transformation of theoria relevant to contemporary points of view.

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Yoon, Junseok. „Avoidance of International Double Taxation：A Game Theoric Approach“. Seoul Tax Law Review 28, Nr. 3 (30.11.2022): 191–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.16974/stlr.2022.28.3.004.

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Silva, Maria Carolina Marchioni da, Solange Saguier Hildebrand, Sheldon Rodrigo Botogoski, Tânia Maria Santos Pires und Renata Maria de Bittencourt Druszcz. „Semiologia ginecológica: uma atualização no atendimento da mulher na atenção primária à saúde Gynecology semiology: an update of the care of women in primary health care“. Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo 65, Nr. 1 (04.09.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26432/1809-3019.2020.65.21.

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Introdução: O presente trabalho se constitui como artigo de atualização acerca do tema semiologia ginecológica, visando oferecer subsídios para a consulta ginecológica, realizada por médicos da atenção primária à saúde e por médicos ginecologistas. Objetivo: dar subsídios teóricos ao profissional da saúde, de modo a agregar recursos para a compreensão de queixas das pacientes, abordagem de temas como a atenção a sinais de violência contra a mulher, buscando auxiliar no estabelecimento de vínculo médico-paciente estável, pautado no respeito, na segurança e na individualização do cuidado, assim como oferecer recurso esquemático para a otimização do momento da consulta e assertividade do médico examinador. Metodologia: Através do acesso de literatura disponível em bases de dados como PubMed, Scielo e BVS, foram definidos tópicos imprescindíveis à consulta ginecológica, dando base à formulação de uma ficha clínica ambulatorial, que define o roteiro do atendimento ginecológico no ambiente da atenção primária à saúde. Conclusão: Parte-se da compreensão da consulta ginecológica como pilar fundamental do atendimento à saúde da mulher, com ampla aplicabilidade médica e com possibilidade de refletir em decisões futuras da paciente a respeito de sua saúde ginecológica, sexual e reprodutiva, causando impacto em questões inerentes à saúde pública. Nesse contexto, pode-se concluir que estabelecer um roteiro de atendimento contribui de forma significativa na efetividade e resolutividade da consulta ginecológica no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde.Palavras-chave: Ginecologia, Anamnese, Exame Ginecológico, Atenção primária à saúdeABSTRACTIntroduction: The present paper constitutes an update article about the gynecological semiology, aiming to offer subsidies for gynecological consultation, carried out by doctors from the primary health care and by gynecologists. Objective: The aim of this study is to provide theorical support to the health professional in order to add resources for understanding the patients complains, including theme such as signs of violence against women, seeking to establish a stable doctor-patient bond, based on respect, safety and individualization of care, as well as offering a schematic resource to optimize the medical approach. Methodology: Through the access to the literature available in the online database such as PubMed, Scielo and BVS, essential topics to the gynecological consultation were defined, based in the formulation of a ambulatory clinical form, which defines a script for gynecological care in the primary health care environment. Conclusion: It is understood that the gynecological consultation is a key pillar of women’s health care, with wide medical applicability and with the possibility of reflecting on future decisions of the patient regarding her gynecological, sexual and reproductive health, directly impacting on inherent to public health. In this context, it can be concluded that establishing a schematic clinical record contributes significantly to the effectiveness and resolution of gynecological consultation in the context of primary health care.Keywords: Gynecology, Medical history taking, Gynecological examination, Primary health care

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Rivero-Hernández, Magda. „Medición y evaluación de la comunicación en empresas seleccionadas del gremio de comunicadores de Cancún / Measurement and evaluation of communication in selected companies of the Cancun communicators union“. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas 11, Nr. 22 (23.12.2021): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-22-2021-06-97-118.

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This paper inquired about how some selected professionals from the guild of communicators in Cancún grouped in the Association of Public Relations of Mexican Caribbean (ARPCM for its initials in Spanish) use measurement and evaluation. The research approach is qualitative, since the interest was to deepen in the phenomenon studied. A bibliographic and documentary review was used to form the theorical basis, as well as a semi-structured interview conducted virtually (which was recorded and subsequently transcribed) to a non-probabilistic purposive sample. Twenty-two subjects belonging to the ARPCM were chosen who met the following conditions: to be an active member of the Association in June 2021, that the terms Public Relations, Communication or Institutional Image appeared in the title of their position, and that they had been in the position for more than three years. Out of a population of 70 active members, 22 were selected: 2 belonging to civil associations, 5 to consulting agencies, 2 to hotels, 2 to restaurants, 3 to recreational parks, 2 to real estate agencies. 2 to travel agencies and 4 representing universities, from which 13 were women and 9 were men. Among the issues on which the interview focused were their conception of measurement and evaluation, whether they were doing it, and their satisfaction with the way in which they were currently carrying out this measurement and evaluation process. Also, there were inquiries about the indicators they used and if they were associated with their communication objectives, the main methods and the use given to the results, as well as the evaluation of the internal communication, indicators employed, among others. The results showed that they give the importance that these issues deserved, but are not completely satisfied with the way they put them into practice. On the other hand, they have evaluation indicators associated with their communication objectives, but the prevalence is on the measurement of products and effects, instead of results and impacts of communication; as well as they focus on reporting activities instead of goals, objectives and results that are correlated with those of the organization. At times of the so-called “new normality”, priority has been given to actions, messages, new media, but there is still something to be done for improvement in their evaluation; which is why, in the future, emphasis will have to be placed on this. Particularly, in improving knowledge about planning, goals, objectives, metrics, indicators, and their scope, as well as the possibilities to determine effects on the organization´s audiences. In view of the above, it is concluded that there is still a long way to go for the guild of communicators in Cancún in this regard.

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Ribeiro, Aline Cammarano, Stela Maris Mello Padoin und Cristiane Cardoso Paula. „Therapeutical day-by-day of the hiv/aids teenagers: implications on nursing care“. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 4, Nr. 2 (31.03.2010): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.822-7205-1-le.0402201061.

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ABSTRACTObjective: understanding the therapeutical day-by-day experiences of the HIV/AIDS teenager. This research scenario will be the pediatric and adult ambulatorial services in an Universitary Hospital in Brazil. Methodolgy: a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach using Martin Heidegger´s theorical and methodological references. In this research, the participants are teenagers with HIV/AIDS who attend to the above mentioned service and are aware of their diagnosis. A phenomenological interview will be carried out with the participants, with an orienting question. For the statements analysis the heideggerian method will be used, which is composed of two moments: the first one is the comprehensive analysis named vague and median and the second one is the hermeneutical interpretative analysis. Expected results: we foresee the approach between the teenagers and the nursing crew, aiming the construction of knowledge and contributing in daily practice and interventions, which were mediated by actions of caring, centered in health promotion and education for the development of self-caring. Descriptors: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; human immunodeficiency vírus; teenagers; adolescent health; nursing; pediatric nursing; existentialism. RESUMOObjetivo: compreender a vivência do cotidiano terapêutico do adolescente que tem HIV/AIDS. O cenário da pesquisa será no serviço de ambulatório pediátrico e adulto de um Hospital de Ensino, no Brasil. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo com abordagem fenomenológica com a utilização do referencial teórico e metodológico de Martin Heidegger. Os participantes da pesquisa serão adolescentes que têm HIV/AIDS, que realizam acompanhamento no referido serviço e que sabem do seu diagnóstico. Será realizada entrevista fenomenológica, com a realização de uma pergunta orientadora. Para análise dos depoimentos será utilizado o método heideggeriano, o qual possui dois momentos metódicos: o primeiro é a análise compreensiva denominada vaga e mediana e o segundo momento análise interpretativa hermenêutica. Resultados esperados: vislumbra-se a aproximação do adolescente que tem HIV/AIDS e a enfermagem, com vistas a produção do conhecimento e contribuições nas práticas de intervenção. Essas mediadas por ações de cuidado, centradas na promoção e na educação em saúde para o desenvolvimento do cuidado de si. Descritores: síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida; vírus da imunodeficiência humana; adolescente; saúde do adolescente; enfermagem; enfermagem pediátrica; existencialismo. RESUMENObjetivo: comprender la vivencia del cotidiano terapéutico del adolescente que tiene VIH/SIDA. El escenario de la investigación será en el servicio de ambulatorio pediátrico y adulto de un Hospital de Enseñanza, en Brasil. Metodologia: estudio cualitativo con abordaje fenomenológico con la utilización del referencial teórico y metodológico de Martin Heidegger. Los participantes de la investigación serán adolescentes que tienen VIH/SIDA, que realizan acompañamiento en el referido servicio y que saben de su diagnóstico. Será realizada entrevista fenomenológica, con la realización de una pregunta orientadora. Para el análisis de las declaraciones será utilizado el método heideggeriano, lo cual posee dos momentos metódicos: el primer momento es el análisis comprensivo denominado vago y mediano y el segundo, el análisis interpretativo hermenéutico. Resultados esperados: se vislumbra el acercamiento del adolescente que tiene VIH/SIDA y la enfermería, con vistas a producción del conocimiento y contribuciones en las prácticas de intervención. Ésas mediadas por acciones de cuidado, centradas en la promoción y en la educación en salud para el desarrollo del cuidado de sí. Descriptores: síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida; virus de inmunodeficiencia humana; adolescente; salud del adolescente; enfermería; enfermería pediátrica; existencialismo.

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An, Chang Yong. „Grounded Theoric Approach on Freelance Dance Instructors' SNS Uses“. Dance Research Journal of Dance 79, Nr. 4 (30.11.2021): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21317/ksd.79.4.9.

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OLMOS, Paula. „Situated practices of testimony. A rhetorical approach“. THEORIA 23, Nr. 1 (2008): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.6.

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Contrary to most current epistemologists who concentrate on core cases of rather 'spontaneous' (deliberately de-contextualized) trust and belief in the face of assertions, Classical rhetoricians addressed the study of 'testimony' as an (at least) two-acts phenomenon: that of the 'disclosure' of information and that of the 'appeal' to its authority in subsequent discursive practices. Moreover, they primarily focused on this second phase as they assumed that it was such argumentative setting that finally gave 'testimonial' relevance to the first act. According to this 'rhetorical' model, then, it is the dynamics (by means of an in medias res approach) and pragmatics (by means of a deliberate attention to specifically 'situated' practices) of such complex process that is the core issue regarding 'testimony'.

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