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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "The Windsors series"
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Valta, Hannu, Ilari Lehtonen, Terhi K. Laurila, Ari Venäläinen, Mikko Laapas und Hilppa Gregow. „Communicating the amount of windstorm induced forest damage by the maximum wind gust speed in Finland“. Advances in Science and Research 16 (27.03.2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-31-2019.
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Abstract. Windstorms are natural disturbance agents in forests playing a role in natural forest regeneration. In Finland, the most severe individual windstorms have commonly damaged 2–4 million m3 of timber. In addition to financial losses caused to forest owners, windthrown trees have in many cases seriously disrupted the functionality of the national power grid. Communicating windstorm risks in duty forecasting is difficult. In this study, we aimed at developing windstorm impact estimates for forest damage in Finland to help the forecaster to improve communication of the risks of windstorms. We have compared the volume of forest damage caused by the most intense windstorms in Finland during the recent decade to the observed maximum inland wind gust speeds associated with the same windstorms. It was found out that the volume of forest damage follows approximately a power relation as a function of wind gust speed with a power of ∼10. This is a tentative estimate because of a short time series and small number of inspected windstorms. Moreover, also wind direction, location of the affected area and soil properties among other factors have an impact to the amount of damage as illustrated in our inspection. Despite the shortness of the time series, we believe that our results demonstrating the steep increase in the impacts of windstorms with an increasing windstorm intensity are valuable. However, more detailed investigations with longer time series are needed in order to more specifically communicate the windstorm risks and their impacts in boreal forests.
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Čada, V., und M. Svoboda. „S tructure and origin of mountain Norway spruce in the Bohemian Forest“. Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 12 (27.12.2011): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/31/2011-jfs.
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Information on the historical background of the present forest conditions is needed for proper decisions on forest management. Disturbances play a major role in the formation of forest structure and composition. This paper compares the present break-up of mountain spruce stands in the Bohemian Forest (in the Šumava Protected Landscape Area) with conditions during their initiation using dendrochronological techniques. On three selected localities we established two study plots within relatively old stands of unknown origin. Stands were recently broken up by a windstorm. The present situation was described by diameter and decay class distribution. To describe the situation at the stand initiation, we cored at least 40 stems on each plot to get the age structure and growth series of trees. Disturbances were marked by discovering synchronous releases on tree-ring series. Main population waves were initiated in association with severe disturbances during a relatively short period, leading to the establishment of relatively even-aged, homogeneously looking stands. The disturbances were synchronized between plots and accounted for by historically known windstorms or bark beetle outbreaks; notwithstanding, logging as a disturbance factor is also particularly possible.
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Priestley, Matthew D. K., David B. Stephenson, Adam A. Scaife, Daniel Bannister, Christopher J. T. Allen und David Wilkie. „Return levels of extreme European windstorms, their dependency on the North Atlantic Oscillation, and potential future risks“. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, Nr. 12 (18.12.2023): 3845–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3845-2023.
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Abstract. Windstorms are the most damaging natural hazard across western Europe. Risk modellers are limited by the observational data record to only ∼ 60 years of comprehensive reanalysis data that are dominated by considerable inter-annual variability. This makes estimating return periods of rare events difficult and sensitive to the choice of the historical period used. This study proposes a novel statistical method for estimating wind gusts across Europe based on observed windstorm footprints. A good description of extreme wind speeds is obtained by assuming that gust speed peaks over threshold are distributed exponentially, i.e. a generalised Pareto distribution having a zero shape parameter. The threshold and tail scale parameter are estimated at each location and used to calculate estimates of the 10- and 200-year return levels. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is particularly important for modulating lower return levels and modulating the threshold, with a less detectable influence on rarer extremes and the tail scale parameter. The length of historical data required to have the lowest error in estimating return levels is quantified using both observed and simulated time series of the historical NAO. For reducing errors in estimating 200-year return levels of an independent 10-year period, a data catalogue of at least 20 years is required. For lower return levels the NAO has a stronger influence on estimated return levels, and so there is more variability in estimates. Using theoretical estimates of future NAO states, return levels are largely outside the historical uncertainty, indicating significant increases in risk potential from windstorms in the next 100 years. Our method presents a framework for assessing high-return-period events across a range of hazards without the additional complexities of a full catastrophe model.
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Tatton Brown, Tim. „The Deanery, Windsor Castle“. Antiquaries Journal 78 (März 1998): 345–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500500110.
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For almost six and a half centuries, the wardens (and later the Deans) of St George's Chapel have been lodged in the extreme north-east corner of the Lower Ward at Windsor Castle. From fairly modest beginnings, the house developed into a much grander building, after the construction of a huge new chapel in the late fifteenth century. After the Elizabethan settlement it developed further and was a childhood home of Sir Christopher Wren, before being vandalized in the Commonwealth period. Following the Reformation, it was reconstructed and then given a grand new front in 1710 for the first of a series of aristocratic Deans. The final major rebuilding was carried out in 1831 immediately after the demise of George IV, and the house was used by Queen Victoria as a sort of ‘confessional’ and very private access to the royal pew after her widowhood. Today it is still a fine house after being reduced in size for twentieth-century Deans who do not have large families and many servants. Its rendered south front can still be seen immediately behind the buttressed east end of the Albert Memorial Chapel (fig. 1).
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Tatton Brown, Tim. „The Deanery, Windsor Castle“. Antiquaries Journal 78 (September 1998): 345–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500045029.
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For almost six and a half centuries, the wardens (and later the Deans) of St George's Chapel have been lodged in the extreme north-east corner of the Lower Ward at Windsor Castle. From fairly modest beginnings, the house developed into a much grander building, after the construction of a huge new chapel in the late fifteenth century. After the Elizabethan settlement it developed further and was a childhood home of Sir Christopher Wren, before being vandalized in the Commonwealth period. Following the Reformation, it was reconstructed and then given a grand new front in 1710 for the first of a series of aristocratic Deans. The final major rebuilding was carried out in 1831 immediately after the demise of George IV, and the house was used by Queen Victoria as a sort of ‘confessional’ and very private access to the royal pew after her widowhood. Today it is still a fine house after being reduced in size for twentieth-century Deans who do not have large families and many servants. Its rendered south front can still be seen immediately behind the buttressed east end of the Albert Memorial Chapel (fig. 1).
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Whitten, Lisa. „Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom Internal Market“. Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 75, Nr. 1 (25.04.2024): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v75i1.1108.
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Post-Brexit Northern Ireland occupies a unique position in the internal market of the United Kingdom due, primarily, to the Protocol on Ireland / Northern Ireland, or Windsor Framework. Agreed as part of the UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement, the Protocol/Windsor Framework provides that EU Single Market rules concerning the free movement of goods, customs, VAT, state aid and energy markets, continue to apply in Northern Ireland, despite it having formally left the EU along with the rest of the UK. To allow for the domestic implementation of the novel arrangements for post-Brexit Northern Ireland, set out in the Protocol/Windsor Framework, the UK Internal Market (UKIM) Act 2020 includes a series of specific provisions that except goods entering and leaving Northern Ireland from the ‘market access principles’ established by the UKIM Act 2020 in certain circumstances. This commentary introduces the UKIM Act 2020 then presents a review of its provisions that are specifically dedicated to post-Brexit Northern Ireland. Written in September 2023 the analysis then provides an assessment of the implications of measures agreed between the UK and EU laid down in the Windsor Framework texts which were published in February of this year. Based on the analysis of the UKIM Act 2020 set against the backdrop of the Protocol, then Windsor Framework, the commentary argues that the position of Northern Ireland post-Brexit is not only newly unique but also newly consequential for those both inside and outside its borders.
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Schneider, Frank W., Paul Pilon, Barry Horrobin und Michael Sideris. „Contributions of Evaluation Research to the Development of Community Policing in a Canadian City“. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 15, Nr. 1 (März 2000): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.015.006.
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Abstract: This article reviews evaluation research on community policing (CP) in the City of Windsor, including the Windsor Police Service’s utilization of evaluation evidence. It examines five studies of the initial year of two CP patrol units, one beginning in 1990 and the other in 1992. The studies included surveys of the CP-related attitudes and experiences of constables, community residents, and managers of small business, as well as time series analyses of crime trends. The results provided favourable process and outcome evidence. By 1995, more than half the city population was serviced by CP units, and follow-up time series analyses reconfirmed the earlier encouraging crime trends findings. However, in contrast to the positive beginnings, a 1997 survey of the service’s membership revealed no strong support for CP, including an apparent division among management in attitudes about CP. Recent CP developments in the service are considered.
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HENNY, HENNY. „IMPROVING THE VOCABULARY OF SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS THROUGH THE DRILLING METHOD AT PKBM WINDSOR BEKASI“. EDUCATOR : Jurnal Inovasi Tenaga Pendidik dan Kependidikan 4, Nr. 1 (26.04.2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51878/educator.v4i1.2813.
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This study aims to describe the implementation of the Drilling Method at PKBM Windsor Homeschooling Bekasi, this study used the action research method. Data collection was taken by a series of steps: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Two special needs students at PKBM Windsor Bekasi served as the research objects. Research results show that the drilling method can be implemented well. Research indicates that using the drilling method can improve students' vocabulary mastery. Based on observation, the results show an increasing growth of vocabulary and understanding, an average of 70%, a significant result for special needs students, from cycles 1-6. The results of this research are important for improving special needs students' vocabulary. ABSTRAKKajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi metode drilling yang dilaksanakan di Homeschooling PKBM Windsor Bekasi. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Data diperoleh melalui perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah dua siswa berkebutuhan khusus di PKBM Windsor Bekasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode drilling telah dilaksanakan dengan baik. Penelitian, yang menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode drilling dapat meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Berdasarkan pengamatan, hasilnya menunjukkan peningkatan pertumbuhan dan pemahaman kosakata. rata-rata sebesar 70%, hasil yang signifikan bagi siswa perlu khusus, dari siklus 1-6. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan makna penting bagi peningkatan kebutuhan kosakata siswa khusus.
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Calì, Claudio. „The Rediscovered Watermark in the Drawing Leda and the Swan by Raphael Kept at Windsor Castle“. Arts 10, Nr. 2 (24.05.2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10020033.
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This article presents an in-depth study of Raphael’s drawing of Leda and the Swan (RCIN 912759), preserved at Windsor Castle. The research aims to make the paper’s physical properties accessible and extend the information on the watermark. The methodology follows an artistic–design-oriented approach. The data extraction process uses a back-lighting photographic technique combined with image post-processing operations. The work catalogues in scientific terms the complete paper mould lines of the Windsor sheet according to the International Standard of Paper Classification (IPH). Based on comparisons with a series of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, the contribution suggests a chronological and provenance estimate of the paper used by Raphael.
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Fedoruk, J. C., D. Paterson, M. Hlynka, K. Y. Fung, Michael Gobet und Wayne Currie. „Rapid On-site Defibrillation versus Community Program“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, Nr. 2 (Juni 2002): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0000025x.
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AbstractIntroduction:For patients who suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the time from collapse to initial defibrillation is the single most important factor that affects survival to hospital discharge. The purpose of this study was to compare the survival rates of cardiac arrest victims within an institution that has a rapid defibrillation program with those of its own urban community, tiered EMS system.Methods:A logistic regression analysis of a retrospective data series (n = 23) and comparative analysis to a second retrospective data series (n = 724) were gathered for the study period September 1994 to September 1999. The first data series included all persons at Casino Windsor who suffered a cardiac arrest. Data collected included: age, gender, death/survival (neurologically intact discharge), presenting rhythm (ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular tachycardia (VT), or other), time of collapse, time to arrival of security personnel, time to initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to defibrillation (when applicable), time to arrival of staff nurse, time to initial defibrillation, and time to return of spontaneous circulation (if any). Significantly, all arrests within this series were witnessed by the surveillance camera system, allowing time of collapse to be accurately determined rather than estimated. These data were compared to those of similar events, times, and intervals for all patients in the greater Windsor area who suffered cardiac arrest. This second series was based upon the Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support (OPALS) Study database, as coordinated by the Clinical Epidemiology Unit of the Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa.Results:The Casino Windsor had 23 cases of cardiac arrests. Of the cases, 13 (56.5%) were male and 10 (43.5%) were female. All cases (100%) were witnessed. The average of the ages was 61.1 years, of the time to initial defibrillation was 7.7 minutes, and of the time for EMS to reach the patient was 13.3 minutes. The presenting rhythm was VF/VT in 91% of the case. Fifteen patients were discharged alive from hospital for a 65% survival rate. The Greater Windsor Study area included 668 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Of these, 410 (61.4%) were male and 258 (38.6%) were female, 365 (54.6%) were witnessed, and 303 (45.4%) were not witnessed. The initial rhythm was VF/VT was in 34.3%. Thirty-seven (5.5%) were discharged alive from the hospital.Conclusion:This study provides further evidence that PAD Programs may enhance cardiac arrest survival rates and should be considered for any venue with large numbers of adults as well as areas with difficult medical access.
Bücher zum Thema "The Windsors series"
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Kulich, Birthe. The Windsongs series for recorders, Orff or Kodaly programs. Vancouver: Empire Music, 1998.
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Bartoli, Gianni, Francesco Ricciardelli und Vincenzo Sepe, Hrsg. WINDERFUL Wind and INfrastructures. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/8884531381.
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WINDERFUL (an acronym for Wind and INfrastructures: Dominating Eolian Risk For Utilities and Lifelines) is the title of a research project carried out by eight Italian Universities from the end of 2001 to the end of 2003. The project was centred on how "to keep a city running and ensuring quality services during and after major windstorms", avoiding "major failures" of engineering facilities and main infrastructures. The book reports the main results obtained in the project, and for each typology the tool for assessing its reliability are discussed, together with the criteria for its improvement.
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The Wrong Bride: The Windsors - 1: Ares & Raven's Story. Ichara Publishing, 2022.
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Stephens, Kay. North Riding (Windsor Series). G K Hall & Co, 1990.
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Stephens, Kay. North Riding (Windsor Series). G K Hall & Co, 1990.
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Stephens, Kay. North Riding (Windsor Series). G K Hall & Co, 1990.
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Cleary, Jon. Babylon South (Windsor Series). G K Hall & Co, 1990.
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Roberts, Richard C., und Richard W. Sadler. Ogden: Junction City (Windsor History Series). Windsor Publications, 1988.
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Schultz, Tamsen. Darkness Black: Windsor Series Book 6. Diversion Publishing Corp., 2017.
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Schultz, Tamsen. Tainted Mind: Windsor Series, Book 1. Diversion Publishing Corp., 2017.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "The Windsors series"
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Dube, Kaitano, und David Chikodzi. „Characterisation and Impacts of Tornado-Induced Flooding and Windstorms in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa“. In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 257–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74192-1_15.
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„Rewriting Obergefell“. In What Obergefell v. Hodges Should Have Said, herausgegeben von Jack M. Balkin, 71–90. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300221558.003.0003.
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This chapter details a series of eleven opinions by leading public law experts on rewriting the opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges. It introduces the constitutional issues at the heart of the debate and the legal problems that the justices faced as they grappled with the legal issues in the case. It also discusses the key problems, issues, and strategies involved in writing an opinion upholding same-sex marriage. The chapter mentions Justice Anthony Kennedy, who spoke about liberty interests, about the constitutional protection of dignity, and about how state policies demeaned gays and lesbians. It highlights Justice Kennedy's four gay rights opinions: Romer, Lawrence, Windsor, and Obergefell.
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Carpenter, David. „The Regime of Peter Des Roches 1232–1234“. In Henry III, 106–64. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300238358.003.0003.
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This chapter evaluates the regime of Peter des Roches. As Henry III journeyed back from Painscastle to Windsor and Westminster, he was about to enter the most traumatic political period of his life, barring the later years of reform, rebellion, and civil war. Henry would be pulled one way and another by the struggle for power between Hubert de Burgh and Peter des Roches. With de Burgh gone, he would be driven by Bishop Peter into a series of lawless acts and an unsuccessful war against Richard Marshal. In the end, he would be reined in by a great council and forced to admit his faults. The principles of Magna Carta would be vindicated and the difficulty of returning to anything like the rule of King John exposed.
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Cannon, John. „The legacy and reputation of George III“. In George III, 93–114. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199213573.003.0007.
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Abstract George III had an important influence on national cultural life. On ascending the throne he determined to add to the library given by his royal predecessors to the British Museum. In the course of his reign he assembled ‘one of the finest libraries ever created by one man’ (Miller, 125). He was advised in this process by his librarian, Sir Frederick Barnard, and by Samuel Johnson, among others; by the time of his death it consisted of 65,250 volumes, 19,000 tracts and pamphlets, and the first large British collection of maps and charts. The king was also interested in typography and the design of books, establishing a royal bindery at Buckingham House. The royal collection was organized in three or more series, stored chiefly at Windsor and Buckingham House.
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Davey, Jennifer. „‘I should be open to the still graver charge of betraying H. M. Govt.’“. In Mary, Countess of Derby, and the Politics of Victorian Britain, 153–71. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786252.003.0008.
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In the months leading up to the Christmas of 1877, a series of rumours began to gain traction in political society. At their heart, they all had the same kernel—that details of cabinet discussions were being made known to the Russian Government in St Petersburg—and they implicated and involved a wide range of political society, from the Prime Minister to civil servants, ambassadors to the press. By Boxing Day, the rumours had morphed into something more damaging. The Queen, through her chaplain, the Dean of Windsor, accused Mary of leaking government secrets to her friend the Russian Ambassador. While little scholarly attention has been paid to the role rumour and gossip played in political society, public men, as Trollope warned, ‘felt horror at the thought of being made the subject of common gossip and public criticism’. This chapter charts the origins of and journeys these rumours took through political society and considers their implications for Mary’s political reputation.
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Gratzer, Walter. „The heat of the light“. In Eurekas and euphorias, 254–56. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192804037.003.0157.
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Abstract Wilhelm Friedrich Herschel, eventually Sir William, was born in 1738 in Hanover, the son of a musician, in whose profession he was trained. At the age of 19 he travelled to England and soon established himself as a composer, conductor, teacher, and church organist in Bath. In 1766, he began to take a deep interest in astronomy and before long had built his own reflecting telescope. For this purpose he ground his own mirrors, fashioned from speculum, an alloy of copper and tin. Every spare moment, even during the intervals of concerts, Herschel would hasten to his workshop to put in a little time on his mirrors. The Astronomer Royal of the day, Nevil Maskelyne, invited to examine Herschel’s telescope in Bath, pronounced it superior to any in London. Before long Herschel had made a series of discoveries, above all that of a new planet, Uranus. He wanted to call it Georgium in honour of George III, but this was vetoed by the Royal Society. Herschel’s fame spread and soon the King summoned him to Windsor as his house astronomer. The two Hanoverians hit it off at once, and the King remained a faithful patron. During his career Herschel constructed at least 400 telescopes with his own hands. He searched the heavens and came upon many nebulae, which he rightly conjectured to consist of clusters of stars. He discovered two moons orbiting his planet, Uranus, and he was the first to observe the existence of double-stars—two stars conjoined in orbit about their common centre of mass.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "The Windsors series"
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Olivares, Tulio Daniel, Walid Al-Zahrani, Kreke Latter und Temu Mukoro. „Nano Technology Micro-Emulsion Technology Removed Invert Emulsion Fluid Filter Cake Damage After Delayed Action Across Sandstone Reservoir“. In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211496-ms.
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Abstract The objective of this manuscript is to present the value addition of a Nano Technology based Windsor IV Micro-Emulsion which helped to remove Invert Emulsion Fluid (IEF) filter cake across sandstones reservoirs. Benefits such as delayed reaction, uniform treatment across the reservoir, no losses or well control events and improvements in the well producibility expectations will be presented in this paper. The approach was to determine the nature of the filter cake and determine an improved process for removing the cake from the well-bore utilizing a Nano Technology based Windsor IV Micro-Emulsion that will solubilize the filter cake through the creation of Micellar Structures in the 2-14 nanometer range. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to ensure compatibility with the formation, compatibility with formation fluid, along with the removal of the filter cake using the new chemical application process. The ICD screens were deployed and filter cake was removed with a minimum delay of one hour to prevent needless losses that could end up with catastrophic well control situations or excessive non-productive time trying to cure the losses to continue with the completions operations The new chemical blend was mixed and deployed on well A & well B, under capable filter cake removal engineer and using the existing rig equipment with no operational issues. Both wells retained intact filter cake for at least a 2-hours period, thereby preventing initial losses and avoiding an LCM pill being pumped to cure the losses, that could result in formation damage or affect the permeability of the production formation. As demonstrated in the laboratory tests, full filter cake removal was achieved in a 12-24 hours period. In wells A & B, we did not experience losses within the time period required to run the upper completion and close the isolation safety valves. The conclusion from the field application is that this Nano Technology based Windsor IV Micro-Emulsion demonstrated the ability to remove the IEF Filter Cake in a controlled manner, allowing the drilling rig completion operations to be run without any interference or additional steps and after the soak period the wells A & B were opened to show improved Productivity Index post application. The drilling-petroleum industry is continuously looking for technologies to improve the return of investment and maximize the wells producibility, definitely the introduction of this new Nano Technology based Windsor IV Micro-Emulsion package to the area of IEF Filter Cake removal will bring benefits and value to this purpose as was demonstrated after the implementation on wells A & B in the studied area.
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Ghaednia, Hossein, Kyle Gerard, Sudip Bhattacharjee und Sreekanta Das. „Behavior of NPS30 Pipe Subject to Denting Load“. In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37598.
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Pipeline is the common mode for transporting oil, gas, and various petroleum products. Structural integrity of oil and gas transmission pipelines is often threatened by external interferences such as concentrated lateral loads and as a result, a failure of the pipeline may occur due to “mechanical damages”. Sometime, this load may not cause immediate rupture of pipes; rather form a dent which can reduce the pressure capacity of the pipeline. A dent is a localized defect in the pipe wall in the form of a permanent inward plastic deformation. This kind of defect is a matter of serious concern for the pipeline operator since a rupture or a leak may occur. Accordingly, an extensive experimental study is currently underway at the Centre for Engineering Research in Pipelines (CERP), University of Windsor on 30 inch (762 mm) diameter and X70 grade pipes with D/t of 90. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of various parameters such as dent shape and service pressure on strain distributions of dented pipe. Also, three-dimensional finite element models were developed and validated for determining strains underneath the indenter. The load-deformation behavior of pipes subject to this type of lateral denting load obtained from experimental study and finite element analysis is discussed in this paper. In addition, distributions of important strains in and around the dent obtained from the study are also discussed.
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Rahul P. S., Cini Anoop und Suresh Kumar K. „Climate Change: Latest on the Wind Speed at the Coastal Regions of India“. In IABSE Congress, New Delhi 2023: Engineering for Sustainable Development. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newdelhi.2023.0239.
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<p>Indian sub-continent is subjected to many severe windstorms and the Indian coastal belt, especially the east coast is threatened by cyclones that have been known to cause damage to structures. However, the root cause of the damage cannot often be equated to high wind speeds exceeding the standard prescribed design wind speeds; but rather linked to lack of maintenance, poor workmanship, improper standard provision application, and poor standard enforcement.</p><p>Note that the frequency of occurrence and associated intensity of storms are the key data required to determine the design speed at a specified risk level with confidence. The lack of cyclone data measurements at landfall is a serious anomaly worldwide including in India, which hinders the development of design speed with confidence. Advanced tropical cyclone wind simulation models have been successfully developed for some tropical cyclone-prone regions.</p><p>In our recent studies, the design wind speeds corresponding to various risk levels were determined based on (i) the number of years of full-scale measurements from airports, (ii) numerically simulated data, as well as (iii) the fast-predictive cyclone wind hazard model. Based on all these studies, it is proven that the current recommended cyclonic factor (k4) in IS 875 (Part 3) will make the wind speed overly conservative. In summary, though the number of storms is on the rise in India, climate change is not warranted to increase the wind speed; at least in the coastal zones yet.</p>
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Ghaednia, Hossein, Sreekanta Das, Jamshid Zohrehheydariha, Rick Wang und Richard Kania. „Effect of Crack Depth on Burst Strength of X70 Linepipe With Dent-Crack Defect“. In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64098.
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External interferences cause various defects, which significantly affect the transportation of oil and gas in pipelines. Corrosion, crack, puncture, dent, gouge, and combination of such damages from a variety of external interferences are some common examples of surface damage in pipelines. Gouges, dents, cracks, and punctures that form in the pipe wall as a result of contact and/or impact from foreign objects are often referred to as mechanical damage. Structural integrity of oil and gas transmission pipelines is often threatened by these mechanical damages and as a result, a failure of the pipeline may occur. A defect that contains both dent and crack, often known as dent-crack defect, may lead to a rupture or leak in the pipe wall. This kind of defect is a matter of serious concern for the pipeline operator since a rupture or a leak may occur. Hence, an experimental study was completed at the Centre for Engineering Research in Pipelines (CERP), University of Windsor on 30 inch (762 mm) diameter and X70 grade pipes with D/t of 90. This project was undertaken through laboratory based experimental work and numerical study using non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) method. The purpose of full-scale test was to collect test data to be able to validate finite element (FE) model. The validated FE model was then used to undertake parametric study for determining the effect of the crack depth and operating (internal) pressure on the burst strength of NPS30 X70 grade oil and gas pipe. The parameters chosen in the FE based parametric study are: (1) crack depth which was varied from 0.25 to 0.75 of pipe wall thickness and (2) internal pressure applied during denting process (operating pressure of linepipe) was varied from no internal pressure to 0.75py. This study found that the dent-crack defect with crack depth of 75% of wall thickness could reduce the pressure capacity by 54%.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "The Windsors series"
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Mäkelä, Antti, Tapio Tourula, Heikki Tuomenvirta, Pauli Jokinen, Terhi Laurila, Ari-Juhani Punkka, Minna Huuskonen, Tuomo Brgman und Hannu Valta. Climate change impacts to the security of supply. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361645.
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Serious disruptions and exceptional circumstances for society, that the society tries to prepare for and act in them are at the center of security of supply. Current examples are the COVID pandemic and the ongoing energy crisis for which Finland's security of supply has also been strongly highlighted. Disturbances can also be caused by weather phenomena: in Finland, such examples are windstorms, severe thunderstorms, floods, and droughts, which can, at least in principle, paralyze the society. It is possible to prepare for the impacts of weather phenomena, but the ongoing rapid climate change makes it more complicated. Some of the weather phenomena that cause impacts are fast and violent (e.g. intense thunderstorms) and some occur more slowly (e.g. long heat waves), and climate change affects the phenomena in different ways. In this work, the estimated impacts of climate change on Finland's security of supply were investigated. The starting point was to gain an understanding of which weather phenomena and weather situations are central to security of supply and which sectors of security of supply are the most vulnerable. The work constituted of workshops and expert interviews organized with the National Emergency Supply Agency. In addition to the interviews, the work covered past significant weather situations in Finland that are known to have had significant societal impacts. Information was also extracted from recent literature, especially regarding the vulnerabilities and adaptability of different sectors in Finland. Estimates of the climate change impacts on the identified phenomena were combined with the collected information, resulting in a first understanding of how climate change affects Finland's security of supply. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impacts of climate change on security of supply are quite complex, especially due to the wide spectrum of weather phenomena and their different impact mechanisms. In addition, the matter becomes more complicated by the fact that there is no clear distinction of what weather phenomenon actually is critical to security of supply and what is not. For example, could the increasing adverse impacts on health care due to the increasingly common heat conditions reach a serious societal disturbance situation at some point, if it is not sufficiently prepared in advance? Another key result is that in terms of security of supply, the direct effects of climate change are very small in Finland compared to many other countries. Although the climate in Finland has already changed considerably and will continue to change in the future, the biggest impacts to security of supply seem to be reflected from elsewhere: the experts of the National Emergency Supply Agency consider the worst situation to be a lack of food, water and habitable living environment in the world, which would also be reflected to Finland. Among the sectors, food/water and energy supply and logistics are perceived as the most vulnerable. The work mainly focused on the direct effects of climate change, i.e. the effects of climate change on the occurrence of various weather phenomena. However, the work also considers to some extent indirect effects, i.e. those reflected from other parts of the world, and transitional effects that result from climate change mitigation measures, especially from the rapid energy transition.