Dissertationen: „The Swedish Sports Confederation“

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Haapanen, Joel, and Jens Södblom. "Konsumentuppfattning kring idrottsupportrars inställning till sponsorer som går emot idrottens värderingar : En jämförelsestudie om svenska idrottkonsumenters emotionella koppling till idrottsaktörer." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45965.

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Competitive sports has grown into a large industry with a turnover of hundreds of billions of dollars. In line with the digitalization and globalization that the world has undergone in recent years, there have been great marketing opportunities for sponsors who want to benefit from the sport and its positivity. Although choosing a sponsor is not always easy, especially not because the sport has its norms and values to take into account, which may differ from the sponsors' purposes.In the idea program Idrotten vill, which was approved by the members at the Swedish Sports Confederation's meeting in 2019, it is written that sports in Sweden should function as a social force that contributes to a more sustainable society by, among other things, promoting public health. Despite this, there are sponsors from industries such as betting, alcohol and fast food, all of which go against public health. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of consumer attitudes towards sponsorship collaborations that go against the stated values of sport, by examining any differences between supporters with an emotional connection to a sports team or an athlete, and those supporters without an emotional connection. Through a quantitative survey, questions have been formed based on the theories of Corporate Social Responsibility, Heider's balance theory and Word of mouth. With the help of 176 sports supporters, the study has shown that they are influenced by their surroundings' views on sponsorship collaborations, and that trust in them is strengthened if their products in any way give back to society. However, the results show that a product's affiliation with the sports movement does not necessarily have to be accepted as a sponsor.

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Enehag, Peter. "Med idrotten in i kunskapssamhället." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28679.

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Abstract.In Sweden today, a collaboration was formed between the Swedish Sport Confederation andthe Swedish upper secondary school education. While this process was taking place, theSwedish Sport Confederation also tried to collaborate with the Swedish Academy. However,at the time the Academy did not have any involvement with the former.The purpose of the study was to research when and how the Swedish Sport Confederationcreated a collaboration with the Swedish Education Systems both on a National and Locallevel. I have also done a research on both the Knowledge Society and Elite sport talents tofind out if Elite sport will be affected in any way because of the existence of Knowledge Society,and also the reactions of the sports talents if any. My final pursuit was also to find out ifthe Knowledge Society can bring about a quick change to this silent conflict between theSwedish Sport Confederation and the Swedish Academy.For my study, I have used two different theories. One of the first sociological theories, whichwere applied with sports, was the reflection theory, and I wonder whether this theory is stillapplicable in todays society. The other theory was the reproduction theory. This theoryoriginated from the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieus key concepts. I have decided to useBourdieus key concepts in my study for understanding the battles between the Swedish SportConfederation and the Swedish Academy.The result of my study shows that sport talents on the local level in Malmoe are in agreement,that it is important to pursue further studies to the academic level, which means that the reflectiontheory can be used in todays society. Malmoe is one of the fastest growing cities,concerning the Knowledge Society, and therefore its a perfect example to this theory.With regards to the sports battle in the academic field, one can see a similar pattern, which isprevalent in the Swedish Academy, is now being followed by the upper secondary schooleducation. Through projects and agreements, elite sport has managed to position themselvesin the academic field, however they are in the periphery of the field. Prestigious universities inSweden still do not want to be involved with elite sport.

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Mattsson, Peter. "Hur leds förändring i en ideell förening som verkar i myndighets ställe? : En studie av den svenska idrottsrörelsens ledarskap, förändring och korporativa samarbete med staten under perioden 2013–2019." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423692.

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The Swedish model is a concept that over time has become widely known. Lately, the first thing that springs to mind may be the way Sweden has handled the pandemic of covid-19. Originally however, the Swedish model is an attempt develop a strategy of cooperation between conflicting interests. It has a long history in the relationship between employers and employees and also more structurally, between labour unions and the employers’ association, as well as between government and various interest organisations. The Swedish Sports Confederation (SSC) is a membership organisation of 72 special federations of sport. In addition, it disperses the government funding to sports and hence has a relationship with the state where the government has particular interest in how sport delivers on the government targets for sport. As a member organisation however, the SSC is governed by its members. The question then arises: does the government funding and the state’s expectations influence how sport is governed even though it is an independent organisation? This study based on a theory of leading change, where leadership is categorised in eight steps examines to what extent and how leadership surfaces in the relationship between the SSC and its members. How can this leadership be described and understood? The method used is a study of documents, more explicitly propositions from the board to the general assembly of the confederation, documents for discussion in workshops and documents containing information and knowledge pertinent to the process. All the documents that were studied have been presented by the board to the members between the years 2013 and 2019. Analysis were quantitative where leadership that could be identified as one of the eight categories of the model was marked in a specially developed protocol and thereafter summarised to determine the extent of leadership that occurred, and qualitative where sections of text that related to the steps of the model were analysed. The leadership was then described based on how steps of the model were utilised or not. The results of the analysis show that the SSC emphasised the creating of a sense of urgency early in the process. This emphasis however, decreased as time passed. During the whole process the SSC kept focus on involving all federations as well as focusing on what to achieve and how this is to be done. From about halfway and onwards the communication about the change process and the vision was given more attention. The SSC has not identified any small, leading coalition, created short term results or celebrated early successes in order to build up more power for change. In the discussion section there is speculation on whether this is due to the type of member organisation that the SSC is. To conclude several suggestions are presented with regards to how a hybrid organisation could handle leadership in order to strengthen knowledge, democracy and at the same time meet expectations from several directions. En ideell medlemsorganisation styrs av organisationens medlemmar genom beslut på årsmöte. Om samma organisation mottar bidrag för sin verksamhet, med förväntningar på effekter som verksamheten ska ha – hur påverkas då organisationen? Denna uppsats finner sin bakgrund i en ideell organisation, Riksidrottsförbundet (RF), som under lång tid ingått ett korporativt samröre med staten. En av RF:s uppgifter är att, tillsammans med sina medlemmar, leda den idrottsliga utvecklingen. I ljuset av en teori om ledarskap i förändring där åtta steg identifierats som nödvändiga i en sådan process analyseras RF:s ledarskap i relation till medlemmarna. I vilken utsträckning och på vilket sätt framträder ledarskap? Hur kan detta ledarskap beskrivas och förstås? Studien är gjord i form av en dokumentstudie där besluts-, diskussions- och kunskapsunderlag som RF presenterat för sina medlemmar under perioden 2013–2019 studerats och analyserats. Denna period kan sammanfattas som idrottsrörelsens strategiarbete, med inriktning på fem övergripande mål 2025. Analysen har dels skett kvantitativt där ledarskap som kunde kategoriseras till någon av de åtta steg som återfanns i teorin noterades i ett särskilt utvecklat protokoll och därefter sammanställdes när det gäller omfattning, dels kvalitativt där identifierade textstycken härletts till den teoretiska modellens åtta steg. Ledarskapet har sedan beskrivits utifrån hur modellens olika steg använts och inte använts. Resultatet av analysen visar att RF lagt stor vikt i periodens början på att etablera en känsla av att förändring är nödvändig och brådskande. Dock har betoningen på detta minskat längs vägen. Under hela processen har RF haft stort fokus på involvering, samt vad som ska uppnås och hur det ska göras. Från mitten av processen och framåt kan också noteras ett större fokus på kommunikation kring förändringsprocessen. RF har inte i processen identifierat någon mindre ledande koalition, skapat några kortsiktiga resultat eller befäst framgångar för att skapa ytterligare framgångar. I diskussionen spekuleras i om en anledning till avsaknaden av dessa tre steg kan vara att RF är just en medlemsorganisation och därigenom inte vill behandla medlemmar olika. Som konklusion ges ett antal förslag kring hur en hybridorganisation kan fundera på att hantera ledarskapet för att stärka kunskap, demokrati och samtidigt klara att möta olika intressenters förväntningar.

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Forsberg, Meinhart Walter, and Sodia Matteoni. "Konkurrens om tid i rörelse : Har idrottsföreningarna tappat bollen till de privata aktörerna?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45687.

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Svensk idrottsrörelse är en marknad i förändring, idrottande utanför idrottsföreningar har ökat under de senaste åren och privata aktörer har tagit stora steg framåt. Runt om i världen sprids en ekonomisk nyliberalism där privata aktörer blivit vanligare genom avregleringar och fått tillgång till marknaders principer för att tillgodose behov på bästa sätt. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ideella idrottsföreningar upplever konkurrensen från privata aktörer på idrottsmarknaden. Vidare syftar denna studie till att undersöka hur ideella idrottsföreningar hanterar denna konkurrens samt hur ideella idrottsföreningar kan komma att påverkas av den konkurrens som idag finns från privata aktörer på idrottsmarknaden. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och empiri har samlats in genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomförts genom digitala möten eller över telefon med anledning av rådande Covid-19 pandemi och dess begränsningar i fysiska möten. Respondenterna representerade varsin idrottsförening i Stockholmsområdet inom fyra olika idrotter: fotboll, ishockey, simning och friidrott. Empirin har analyserats utifrån den teoretiska referensramen bestående av konkurrens, nyinstitutionell teori, organisationsformer och sektorböjning. Samtliga föreningar i studien upplever konkurrens från privata aktörer på något sätt. Det är tydligt att de som upplever den största konkurrensen är lagidrotterna ishockey och fotboll, vilka också kommit längst i sin hantering av den uppstådda konkurrensen. De upplever i dagsläget den största konkurrensen från privata aktörer inom lov- och campverksamheter. Inom friidrott och simning upplevs en annan typ av konkurrens primärt gällande anläggningar och med kommunen som konkurrent. En effekt som de privata aktörerna medför är att föreningarna förlorar deltagare i sin camp- och lägerverksamhet och att pengar går från idrottens föreningsliv till de privata aktörerna. För att hantera detta arbetar föreningarna med att utveckla kvaliteten i hela sin verksamhet för att bli mer konkurrenskraftiga. Den större delen av den löpande verksamheten påverkas i dagsläget dock inte av de privata aktörerna, men detta kan komma att förändras. The Swedish sports movement is a market in transition, people engaging in sports outside of the typical sports clubs have raised in popularity over the last years and private players have taken big steps forward. Economic new liberalism, where private players are more common have gained access to previous regulated markets due to deregulation. The purpose of this study is to examine non-profit sports clubs ́ experience of competition from private players in the sports market. Furthermore, this study aims to examine how non-profit sports clubs are affected by the competition and how their organization handles it. This study has a qualitative approach and data has been collected through eight semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted through digital meetings or via telephone, due to the prevailing Covid-19 pandemic and the limitations it caused in physical meetings. Every respondent represented a sports club in the Stockholm area in different sports: soccer, ice hockey, swimming, and athletics. The collected data were analyzed with takeoff from previous research regarding competition, new institutional theory, organization forms, and sector-bending. All clubs in the study are exposed to competition with private players. The sports experiencing the most competition are the soccer and ice hockey clubs who are once facing this issue much more compared to the athletics and swimming clubs. The competition that ice hockey and soccer face is primarily through holiday camps. In the athletics and swimming clubs, the competition is primarily regarding facilities and the fact that the municipality is an actor in the market as well. The effects caused by the private players ́ existence is that the clubs lose participants in their camps and that money outflows from the sports clubs to the private sector. To manage this the clubs work with quality development to become more competitive. The clubs’ day-to-day operations are not affected by the private players in this current situation, but that might change.

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Forsberg, Meinhart Walter, and Sofia Matteoni. "Konkurrens om tid i rörelse : Har idrottsföreningarna tappat bollen till de privata aktörerna?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45687.

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Svensk idrottsrörelse är en marknad i förändring, idrottande utanför idrottsföreningar har ökat under de senaste åren och privata aktörer har tagit stora steg framåt. Runt om i världen sprids en ekonomisk nyliberalism där privata aktörer blivit vanligare genom avregleringar och fått tillgång till marknaders principer för att tillgodose behov på bästa sätt. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ideella idrottsföreningar upplever konkurrensen från privata aktörer på idrottsmarknaden. Vidare syftar denna studie till att undersöka hur ideella idrottsföreningar hanterar denna konkurrens samt hur ideella idrottsföreningar kan komma att påverkas av den konkurrens som idag finns från privata aktörer på idrottsmarknaden. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och empiri har samlats in genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomförts genom digitala möten eller över telefon med anledning av rådande Covid-19 pandemi och dess begränsningar i fysiska möten. Respondenterna representerade varsin idrottsförening i Stockholmsområdet inom fyra olika idrotter: fotboll, ishockey, simning och friidrott. Empirin har analyserats utifrån den teoretiska referensramen bestående av konkurrens, nyinstitutionell teori, organisationsformer och sektorböjning. Samtliga föreningar i studien upplever konkurrens från privata aktörer på något sätt. Det är tydligt att de som upplever den största konkurrensen är lagidrotterna ishockey och fotboll, vilka också kommit längst i sin hantering av den uppstådda konkurrensen. De upplever i dagsläget den största konkurrensen från privata aktörer inom lov- och campverksamheter. Inom friidrott och simning upplevs en annan typ av konkurrens primärt gällande anläggningar och med kommunen som konkurrent. En effekt som de privata aktörerna medför är att föreningarna förlorar deltagare i sin camp- och lägerverksamhet och att pengar går från idrottens föreningsliv till de privata aktörerna. För att hantera detta arbetar föreningarna med att utveckla kvaliteten i hela sin verksamhet för att bli mer konkurrenskraftiga. Den större delen av den löpande verksamheten påverkas i dagsläget dock inte av de privata aktörerna, men detta kan komma att förändras. The Swedish sports movement is a market in transition, people engaging in sports outside of the typical sports clubs have raised in popularity over the last years and private players have taken big steps forward. Economic new liberalism, where private players are more common have gained access to previous regulated markets due to deregulation. The purpose of this study is to examine non-profit sports clubs ́ experience of competition from private players in the sports market. Furthermore, this study aims to examine how non-profit sports clubs are affected by the competition and how their organization handles it. This study has a qualitative approach and data has been collected through eight semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted through digital meetings or via telephone, due to the prevailing Covid-19 pandemic and the limitations it caused in physical meetings. Every respondent represented a sports club in the Stockholm area in different sports: soccer, ice hockey, swimming, and athletics. The collected data were analyzed with takeoff from previous research regarding competition, new institutional theory, organization forms, and sector-bending. All clubs in the study are exposed to competition with private players. The sports experiencing the most competition are the soccer and ice hockey clubs who are once facing this issue much more compared to the athletics and swimming clubs. The competition that ice hockey and soccer face is primarily through holiday camps. In the athletics and swimming clubs, the competition is primarily regarding facilities and the fact that the municipality is an actor in the market as well. The effects caused by the private players ́ existence is that the clubs lose participants in their camps and that money outflows from the sports clubs to the private sector. To manage this the clubs work with quality development to become more competitive. The clubs’ day-to-day operations are not affected by the private players in this current situation, but that might change.

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Strydom, Wessel. "The funding models and performance of National Sports Federations affiliated to the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52328.

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The 1995 Rugby World Cup and more recently the 2010 FIFA Football World Cup proved that sport can unite a previously divided nation. In order to participate in these major tournaments and events on an international level, national sports teams have to be competitive. The funding models used by national sports federations play a vital role in ensuring that national sports teams are competitive. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the funding models used by the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee and the National Sports Federations; and the performance at international competitions and events. The main research methodology adopted for this study was exploratory in nature. The research design utilised was a mixed-method approach with a longitudinal design and entailed the collection and analysis of data for the period 2001 to 2014. The results from the quantitative research did not reveal any clear relationship between the variables under consideration and the performance of the national sports federations. Additional information was gathered through semi-structured interviews, which proved to be invaluable in explaining why the quantitative research did not reveal any clear relationship, between the variables under consideration and the performance of the national sports federations. Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015. vn2016 Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) MBA Unrestricted

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Mboumba, Grace Ntahinta. "The tourism impacts of the 2012 Confederation of African Football (Caf) Nations Cup in Gabon." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2685.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. Sport tourism events have been recognised as a very important niche market offering great opportunities for countries worldwide. Because of their ability to provide urban, regional and national developments, every country around the globe is increasingly battling to host these events. This study focuses on the tourism impacts of major sport events in the African developing context, the aim being to close the gap currently existing in the literature regarding the subject. The main objective of the study was to determine the tourism impacts of the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) in Gabon”. The study adopted a quantitative research approach (descriptive design) to obtain data and findings. Questionnaires were split according to the two match venues (Libreville and Franceville) and administered to visitors. Respondents were remoulded during the course of the event. Despite some negative impacts highlighted and others aspects investigated; the most important finding of the study revealed that Gabon successfully hosted the event which turned out to be good for local communities and contributed to their development. Conclusively, the study confirms that major sport events such as the Africa Cup of Nations have indeed the potential to develop tourism, provide new business opportunities and benefit residents of local communities.

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Hörnell, Eric, Adis Cikotic, and Oskar Karlsson. "Performance in Swedish sports : Which variables affect the total points per season in Swedish football and hockey leagues?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85762.

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Åström, Erik. "Is there an economic value for elite sports? : The case of Swedish Hockey League." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65826.

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The economic value of sport has long been an interesting subject to study. Proponents arguing there is big monetary return for a region hosting a professional sports team. However, majority of studies done on the subject point in the same direction where it seems economic return are negligible. Researchers even argue there is rather an alternative cost where money could be better spent on other social structure such as education and health care. The value of sport creates both direct and indirect effect. In this essay I will look at whether there could be any indirect spillover effects from hosting a hockey team in the highest league. Due to its simplicity, a difference-in-difference (DiD) method will be used on municipalities hosting a hockey team. This when looking at Gross Regional Product (GRP), unemployment rate and population growth to municipalities without a hockey team. The results of this study are ambiguous and hard to interpret when sign on coefficient differ between variables and municipalities. However, there seem to be a correlation between lower unemployment rate and population growth and an increase in GRP when a team is qualifying to SHL. It cannot be determined whether this depend on economic growth or success of their professional sports team.

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Gambina, Andrew. "Sports arenas in Sweden : A study investigating the impact of sports arenas on net migration and amenity premiums." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40199.

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This paper examines the impact of the building or renovation of a sports arena on net migration and amenity premiums. Swedish municipal data is collected for 289 municipalities over the period 1999 to 2016. The econometric analysis makes use of fixed effects (FE) and feasible generalised linear squares (FGLS) estimation techniques. This study builds on the growing literature of the intangible benefits of sports arenas and is one of the few Swedish studies of its kind. The results show that a sports arena built in year t, realises a 3.458% increase in net migration in year t + 5, for those sports arenas being used by football and ice hockey teams in the highest and second highest leagues.

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Bergengren, Jacob, Oscar Knutsson, and Jonatan Fredriksson. "Heartful partnership or just business? : Investigating corporations' reasoning and expected outcomes of sponsoring Swedish elite football teams." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Organisation, Ledarskap, Strategi och Entreprenörskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52827.

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Abstract Background: Marketing in the current era is more complex than before, companies need to be creative and utilize more marketing mediums in order to stand out and reach a greater audience. Many companies thus implement sponsoring activities connected to sports to reach a greater and more specific audience. Football is the world’s most popular sport, it attracts billions of people and by sponsoring a football team, companies can access the attention of these people. Problem: Despite sponsorships popularity, there are difficulties in measuring the results and the long-term business purpose. Yet companies spend millions of dollars each year on sponsorships of elite football teams, even though the return on investment appears to be seemingly low. Purpose: This research aims to gain further understanding of the reasons why and what makes companies decide to sponsor Swedish elite football teams. On a further note, companies’ expectations and what they value in a sponsorship will be presented. The research will also examine possible business benefits correlated to the sponsorship. Lastly, the companies’ eventual measurements of the sponsorships are examined. Method: The research has been conducted through a qualitative approach of nine semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviewees hold managerial positions in corporations who sponsor Swedish elite football teams. The data was analysed and further compared to existing literature within the field. Results: The results from this research indicates that the expectations and what companies’ value in a sponsorship often coincide. On a further note, these companies prioritize gaining access to the brand and network of the sponsored team to use within marketing as well as building relationships. Companies also see sponsorships as part of their CSR-projects to contribute to society. All the companies considered either had a local connection or heartful relation to the sponsored club. Regarding measuring the sponsorships, few companies have any sort of measurement in place but rather evaluates the sponsorship on more than just numbers.

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Apell, Karlsson Jennifer, and Linnea Wiberg. "The Entrepreneurial Orientation of Nonprofits : A Case Study on Swedish Sport Associations." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, ESOL (Entrepreneurship, Strategy, Organization, Leadership), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35759.

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The model of Entrepreneurial Orientation has frequently been used as a way to analyze the entrepreneurial behavior of organizations. Although the model has been adopted across different context, it has rarely been adapted to these: One such context is nonprofits. As nonprofits operate under other circumstances, we argue that the five dimensions of innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy may not account for all entrepreneurial activity in these organizations. With the largest body of nonprofits in Sweden being sports, a single case study with semi-structured interviews of members in Judo associations were conducted to answer the two research questions: (1) Which dimensions of EO can be found within nonprofits? and (2) Why do entrepreneurial behavior differ between for-profits and nonprofits? By implementing the study of Morris, Webb and Franklin (2011) of motivation, processes, and outcomes we identified what processes can be translated into dimensions, as well as what the motivation behind these are. By analyzing our empirical data we were able to answer our questions in the following way. In nonprofits, the dimensions of innovativeness, internal proactiveness, collaboration, lobbying, and autonomy were identified, indicating that the EO model does indeed need to be adapted for nonprofits. The reason for why these dimensions occurred is mainly due to difference in the motivation of nonprofits. We find that the nonprofits aim to fulfill external goals, by serving a social purpose to stakeholders and growth. This means that nonprofits are not as focused on other players in the market, which impacts on their entrepreneurial behavior.

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Holmqvist, Débora. "“We still have a long way to go”: A comparative study of Swedish and Brazilian women sports journalists’ challenges and perspectives." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41130.

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Sports journalism is a traditionally male-dominated environment. Previous research has shown that women sports journalists were outnumbered in newsrooms, had less career opportunities, have been exposed to harassment and must negotiate identity contradictions in order to succeed in their career. Most previous studies have explored English-speaking countries and little was done in Scandinavia and Latin America. This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and experiences of Swedish and Brazilian women sports journalists from gendered journalism cultures perspective, drawing a comparison between these countries. Through qualitative approach, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with seven women sports journalists from Sweden and Brazil and found that there are more similarities than differences between the two countries. Despite the different contexts, Swedish and Brazilian women sports journalists who participated in this study are overall satisfied with newsroom environment, they claimed that women journalists have gained more space, respect and voice in sports departments in comparison to when they started working in the field. However, they also pointed to some remaining issues such as sexist jokes and a feeling of having to prove their knowledge and capability. Another similarity observed was the perception that sports journalism has highly improved in relation to gender equality and, although the challenges still exist, they are less visible now. This study also found that the biggest difference observed between participants from Sweden and Brazil was the understanding of sexism and woman identity. While Swedish interviewees showed a more complex awareness of these concepts, Brazilians participants demonstrated some confusing comprehension, exposing more contradictions regarding these matters.

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Klouman, Henrik, and Djavid Beljulji. "Branding in the lower level sport club setting : The case of Swedish division 1 ice hockey teams." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18704.

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Background Keller (2009) states that brand equity and the crucial intangiblevalue a brand brings to organizations is perhaps one of the most important marketing topics discussed in recent years. As the competitive market and branding environment for companies are fierce, the sport industry has gradually become more competitive and professional in many aspects of their operations as well. Researchers have gone to the extent of claiming that a brand is the most important asset of a sports team and that the brand provides direction and meaning for sports associations as well as for their followers. Still, market studies have indicated that sport associations often lack appropriate branding strategies and particularly for teams below the professional level, research have been limited in these areas. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to examine what strategies and actions lower level Swedish ice hockey teams use in order to create and strengthen their brand. Method A hermeneutic view and inductive approach have been applied for this thesis. The purpose and research questions of this thesis have been answered with the help of seven qualitative, semistructured in-depth interviews with lower level sport club managers. Frame of reference Theory is based on two approaches to how teams can build and leverage their brand. While a model by Richelieu (2003) illustrates a strategic construction of the sports brand, the Spectatorbased brand equity model by Ross (2006) is more concerned with how controllable and uncontrollable factors contributes to the two main components of spectator based brand equity, namely brand awareness and brand associations. Conclusions The conclusion withholds the answer to the four research questions and purpose designed for this thesis. The findings indicate that teams are starting to realize the importance of a strong brand, particular to meet increased customer expectations for the game experience are considered important to create positive brand associations. An important finding have been the lack of communication and interaction teams seem to have with their customers in order to establish a clear brand identity and position in the market. The findings also indicate some characteristics particular to the lower level setting e.g. the dependence on volunteer workers and how the lack of long-term financial responsibility have impacted the management and development of a strong brand.

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Dupree, Linda. "Performance and knowledge related to the menstrual cycle within Swedish elite sports : From the athletes’ point of view." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5775.

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Aim The overall aim was to investigate Swedish elite athlete’s perceptions about the effects of the menstrual cycle on sports performance. The research questions applied was: 1. How do elite athletes perceive the effects of the menstrual cycle on performance, and do they adjust training or competition accordingly? 2. How do elite athletes perceive the knowledge and beliefs within the area, among their coaches? Method A cross-sectional study design was applied using an online questionnaire for data collection. The study group of interest were female Swedish elite athletes, from both team and individual sports. Teams and athletes defined as ‘elite athletes’ were contacted and offered participation. All data collected from the questionnaire was processed in IBM SPSS® where both descriptive and analytic statistics was performed. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the assumptions of normality for the data, Chi2-tests and Fisher’s exact test were used to examine relationships between variables in the sample and the statistical significance level for analysis was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results Both menstrual- and premenstrual symptoms (PMS) effected the athletes in the sample. The psychological PMS affected close to 70% of the sample in at least one aspect and the symptoms menstrual bleeding affected majority of the sample (82%). The phases were athletes perceived themselves perform the best and the worst were different, with majority of the sample perceiving their worst performance being close to bleeding. This may be an effect of the negative symptoms associated with the bleeding phase. Both coaches’ and athletes’ perceived knowledge were considerably low, as well as athletes’ possibilities to discuss menstrual problems with their coach. Conclusions Elite athletes perceive negative effects of the menstrual cycle and somewhat experience variations in performance throughout the cycle. The knowledge within the area, especially for people involved in female sports, needs to improve. Syfte och frågeställningar Det övergripande syftet var att undersöka svenska elitidrottares uppfattningar om effekterna av menstruationscykeln på deras prestationsförmåga. Frågeställningarna var: 1. Hur uppfattar elitidrottare effekterna av menstruationscykeln på deras prestation och anpassar de träning eller tävling i enlighet med detta? 2. Hur uppfattar elitidrottare kunskapen och åsikterna inom det specifika området, bland sina tränare? Metod En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes med hjälp av webb-enkät för datainsamling. Studiegruppen av intresse var kvinnliga svenska elitidrottare, från både lag och individuella idrotter. Lag och idrottare som kunde definieras som "elitidrottare" kontaktades och erbjöds deltagande. All insamlade data från enkä̈ten behandlades i IBM SPSS där både beskrivande och analytisk statistik genomfördes. Shapiro-Wilk’s test användes för att testa antaganden om normalfördelning för data, Chi2-test och Fisher’s exakta test användes för att undersöka samband mellan variabler i urvalet och den statistiska signifikansnivån för analys var ≤ 0.05. Resultat Både menstruella- och premenstruella symptom (PMS) påverkade idrottarna i studiegruppen. De psykologiska PMS påverkade nära 70% av deltagarna i åtminstone ett avseende och symptom vid menstruationsblödning drabbade majoriteten av gruppen (82%). De faser i menstruationscykeln där idrottarna upplevde sin bästa- respektive sämsta prestation var olika, med en majoritet av gruppen som upplevde sin sämsta prestation i samband med blödning. Detta kan vara en effekt av de negativa symtom som är förknippade med blödningsfasen. Både tränares och idrottarnas upplevda kunskap var förhållandevis låg, liksom idrottarnas möjligheter till att diskutera menstruationsproblem med sin tränare. Slutsatser Elitidrottare upplever negativa effekter av menstruationscykeln och upplever vissa variationer i prestation under cykeln. Kunskapen inom området, speciellt för de involverade i kvinnlig idrott, behöver förbättras.

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Dahlén, Sara. "Injuries and Illnesses in Swedish Para Athletes During the Paralympic Games 2012-2018." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för fysisk aktivitet och hälsa, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6755.

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Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the injuries and illnesses in Swedish Para athletes during four Paralympic Games (PG), 2012-2018. The research questions (RQ) were: 1) what was the injury incident rate (IR), and which anatomical areas were affected by injuries? 2) what was the illness IR and which physiological systems were affected by illnesses? 3) did the injury and illness IR differ between the Swedish delegation and the reference group (RG), where most athletes participating in the four PGs were included? 4) were there any associations between injury and illness IR and subgroups of athletes? Method: A retrospective analysis of data from a large ongoing prospective study of injuries and illnesses initiated by the International Paralympic Committee in 2012. Data from 157 Swedish Paralympic athletes were analysed and compared to previous results from the RG. For RQ1, 2 and 3, injuries and illnesses were reported as IR, calculated per 1000 athlete days, in the Swedish delegations (RQ1-3) and compared to the RG (RQ3). For RQ4, a univariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to find possible associations between risk of injury and illness, and subgroups. Results: The injury IR in Swedish athletes varied between the four PGs, from 2.5 to 59.5 per 1000 athlete days. Most injuries occurred in the upper limb. There was a particularly high occurrence of injuries in Para ice hockey players. The illness IR varied from 3.6 per 1000 athlete days in London (2012), to 39.5 in Sochi (2014). The respiratory tract was most affected by illness, in both Swedish athletes and the RG. Most injuries and illnesses in the Swedish delegation were acute onset, but only a minority led to days lost from training and competition. The Swedish delegation had a lower injury IR per 1000 athlete days compared to the RG in all PGs, except for Pyeongchang (2018), where they had an almost three times higher IR. The illness IR for the Swedish delegation was, compared to the RG, lower in London (2012), the same in Rio (2016) and higher in both Sochi (2014) and Pyeongchang (2018). Participation in the Winter Games was associated with a higher risk for both injury and illness compared to the Summer Games. There was also an increased risk of injury for athletes in a contact sport compared to a non-contact sport. Conclusions: This thesis indicates that there is a need to continue monitoring Para athletes, both during and between competitions, to get more knowledge about injury and illness incidence patterns, as well as preventable risk factors. The latter would be especially important for Para ice hockey. It is yet to see if the awareness of the importance of hygiene measures and physical distancing to reduce spreading of infections, brought on by the Covid-19 pandemic, will affect the occurrence of respiratory tract infections during large sporting events.

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Dahmén, Viktor, Martin Holgersson, Aron Larsson, and Joel Norman. "How bright does the sun shine over Storvreta IK? : Mapping the energy use of a local Swedish sports club." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295100.

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In 2011 Storvreta IK installed two solar collector systems in order to reduce the club’s electricity demand for domestic hot water. However, electricity use from 2012 to 2015 shows that the expected reduction in the electricity demand has not occurred. This project investigates the solar collector systems and the heat demand of Storvreta IK’s buildings in order to explain the “failure” in electricity savings. The results of the simulations show that the heat production of the solar collectors is lower than Storvreta IK’s expectations. This could be explained by that the domestic hot water is not used as much as Storvreta IK thought and the system is therefore over-dimensioned for their need. The rebound effect could be another reason to why the electricity saving is lower than expected.

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Alonso, Juan, and Johnson Georgy Dias. "The effects of six weeks of in-season specific training on young Swedish division 2 basketball players." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-1798.

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Abstract Aim: This study aims to evaluate the physiological effect of periodized specific strength training on young Swedish division 2 basketball players. Method: 13 male basketball players of 14-21 years of age were assessed before and after a six week specific training intervention of squats, plyometrics and repeated shuttle sprints. The test battery was made up of jump and sprint tests. The jump tests included the Squat jump (SJ), Counter movement jump (CMJa), Drop jump (DJ) 20, 40, 60 cm, five jump for distance test (5JT), weighted jump squats (JS) with 50, 100, 200 % of body weight. Run test battery consisted of the T-test, repeat shuttle sprint ability test (RSSA) and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YY IR1). Seven of the subjects made up the intervention group (IG) and six made up the control group (CG). Both groups participated in their regular sports practice, additionally the IG performed two weekly sessions incorporating specific training. Results: The IG improved significantly in SJ, CMJa, DJ 20, T-test, RSSA and the YY IR1 (p < 0,05). The CG results decreased in all test parameters except in JS and T-test although the increases in the test results were not found to be significant. Conclusions: The conclusion to the study was that an intervention of specific training yields positive results in young basketball players. The results garnered from the intervention verify that this type of training may influence in season progress as well as being a time effective training tool for strength and conditioning specialists. Sammanfattning Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utvärdera de fysiologiska effekterna av en specifik periodiserad styrketräning på unga svenska basketspelare i division 2. Metod: 13 manliga basketspelare mellan 14-21 år gamla testades före och efter en sex veckor lång träningsintervention bestående av knäböj, plyometriska övningar och upprepade sprinter. Testbatteriet bestod av hopp och sprinttester. Hopptesterna bestod av squat jumps (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJa), drop jump (DJ) 20, 40, 60 cm, fem horisontella hopp (5JT), belastad jump squat (JS) med 50, 100, 200 % av kroppens vikt. Testbatteri för sprinterna bestod av T-testet, repeated shuttle sprint ability (RSSA) och Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test nivå 1 (YY IR1). Interventionsgruppen (IG) bestod av sju spelare och kontrollgruppen (CG) utgjordes av sex spelare. Deltagarna i båda grupperna deltog i sina vanliga basketträningar. IG genomförde utöver den vanliga basketträningen två träningar i veckan av specifik träning. Resultat: IG gjorde signifikanta förbättringar (p <0,05) i SJ, CMJa, DJ 20, T-Test, RSSA och YY IR1 mellan för och eftertest. CG resultat minskade i alla testparametrar förutom JS och T-test där förbättringar ej funnits vara signifikanta. Slutsatser: Slutsatsen av studien var att en intervention bestående av specifik träning ger positiva resultat på unga basketspelare. Resultaten från träningsinterventionen verifierar att denna typ av träning kan påverka träningsresultaten positivt under säsongen samt vara ett tidseffektivt träningsredskap för styrke och konditionsspecialister.

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Pynnönen, Teemu. ""We cannot shy away from a defeat" - Examining How Sports Organizations and Fans Communicate After a Defeat on Social Media in the Swedish Hockey League." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355369.

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This dissertation explored how sports organizations approach the communication of a defeat on social media from the perspective of organizational image management. Furthermore, this study sought to identify how sports fans react to a defeat on social media and what kind of implications fan reactions have on the organizational image management process. The sports industry has some unique characteristics compared to other commercial industries. The overall success of sports organizations is to a great extent dependent on the on-field performances of the team and the coherence of the fan community. The image of sports organizations is likewise dependent on the combination of on-field performances and how the fan community perceives the organization. Sports fans have a strong psychological connection to their favorite team. The strong attachment to a sports organization results commonly in biased evaluations of their favorite team. This dissertation examines how this dynamic unfolds in an online media environment using a customized theoretical framework that combines organizational image management theory and social identity theory. The research strategy in this dissertation consisted of a case study of six sports organizations in the Swedish Hockey League and their fans. Empirical data was collected through six interviews with communication specialists employed by the teams and by sampling comments written by fans on the teams’ Facebook pages on posts about defeats. The findings show that sports organizations in the SHL have a desire to appear honest in their approach to communicating a defeat on social media. This desire encompasses a straightforward approach to communicating a defeat on social media to their fans, making the organization to resemble a credible disseminator of information to key stakeholders in online environments. Furthermore, through the strong psychological connection to their favorite team, fans were found to have a role in the image maintenance process on social media after a defeat. Fans took mainly two different stances on social media after a defeat and were found to both hinder and aid the image management process after a defeat.

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Eriksson, Christoffer. "Swedish Players’ Transition From Junior to Senior Football in Relation to Perceived Health and Athletic Identity." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5031.

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The objectives of this study concerning Swedish players’ transition from junior to senior football were to examine: (1) transition, perceived health, and athletic identity variables, as well as the relationship between them; (2) how transition, perceived health, and athletic identity variables contribute to: (a) healthy sport participation; (b) unhealthy sport participation; (c) quality of adjustment on the senior level of football; (d) life satisfaction. The theoretical frameworks included: the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes; the career transition model; the perceived health and sport/exercise participation model; the circle of health model. The participants (n = 126) were Swedish adolescent football players at local, national or international competitive levels. Three instruments were used in regard of the quantitative approach: the Transition Monitoring Survey; the Perceived Health and Sport Participation Profile; the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. The transition variables were examined and several relationships were discovered between transition and perceived health variables, and athletic identity. Four multiple regression analyses showed that satisfaction with different spheres of life and coping strategies are significant positive predictors of healthy sport participation. Athletic identity, personal resources, and environmental pressure are significant positive predictors of unhealthy sport participation. In addition, environmental support was revealed to be a significant negative predictor of unhealthy sport participation. Importance of different aspects of sport and satisfaction with sport participation are significant positive predictors of the quality of adjustment on the senior level of sports, whereas importance of different spheres of life and athletic identity are significant negative predictors. Importance of different spheres of life and healthy sport participation are significant positive predictors of life satisfaction. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research. Syftena med föreliggande studie angående svenska spelares övergång från junior till seniorfotboll var att undersöka: (1) övergångs-, upplevd hälsa- och idrottsidentitetsvariabler, såväl som förhållandet mellan dem; (2) hur övergångs-, upplevd hälsa- och idrottsidentitetsvariabler bidrar till: (a) ett hälsosamt idrottsdeltagande; (b) ett ohälsosamt idrottsdeltagande; (c) idrottarnas anpassning till seniornivån i fotboll; (d) livstillfredsställelse. De teoretiska referensramarna inkluderade: the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes; the career transition model; the perceived health and sport/exercise participation model; the circle of health model. Deltagarna (n = 126) bestod av svenska ungdomsfotbollsspelare på lokal, nationell och internationell tävlingsnivå. Tre mätinstrument användes med tanke på den kvantitativa utgångspunkten: Enkäten Karriärövergången från Junior till Senioridrott; Upplevd Hälsa & Idrottsdeltagande Profil; Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. Övergångsvariablerna undersöktes och flera samband upptäcktes mellan övergångs- och upplevd hälsavariabler och idrottsidentitet. Fyra multipla regressionsanalyser visade att tillfredsställelse med olika delar av livet och copingstrategier är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till ett hälsosamt idrottsdeltagande. Idrottsidentitet, personlighetsfaktorer och tidigare erfarenheter, samt press från omgivningen är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till ett ohälsosamt idrottsdeltagande. Dessutom så upptäcktes support från omgivningen att vara en negativt signifikant faktor som bidrar till ett ohälsosamt idrottsdeltagande. Hur viktiga olika delar av idrotten är och tillfredsställelsen med idrottsdeltagandet är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till idrottarens anpassning till seniornivån, då däremot hur viktiga olika delar av livet är och idrottsidentiteten är negativt signifikanta faktorer. Hur viktiga olika delar av livet är och ett hälsosamt idrottsdeltagande är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till livstillfredsställelse. Resultaten diskuteras i förhållande till de teoretiska referensramarna och tidigare forskning.

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Tidblad, Leni-Helena. "RELATIONEN MELLAN ÖVERTRÄNINGSSYNDROM OCH IDROTTSKARRIÄRÖVERGÅNGAR – EN FALLSTUDIE AV EN MANLIG UTHÅLLIGHETSIDROTTARE." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1349.

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the process of overtraining syndrome as a part of development in sports and careers. It is based on theories about overtraining syndrome and athlete career transitions. The intention was to find patterns that illustrate critical factors in the athlete career for overtraining syndrome to occur, but also for preventing overtraining syndrome to emerge and for rehabilitation.The Informant was a 19 years old man who had completed his studies at a Swedish sports-“gymnasium”. Two semi structured interviews were made, the second as a following up interview. The material was analysed by a qualitative content analysis including a constant comparing method. The result showed that the Informant developed an overtraining syndrome during his first year as an elite junior athlete at the sports-“gymnasium”. It took one year from the occurrence of the first symptoms until initiating interventions and a second year of rehabilitation before the Informant was totally recovered. Imbalance in the stress-recovery process because physiological and psychological sports demands as well as lack of cognitive skills was possible factors for the beginning of the overtraining syndrome. Factors for preventing origination were the Informants motivation, cognitive skills along with social support.In summary it is proposed to focus on interaction between models and theories about overtraining syndrome and athletic career transitions, in purpose to prevent overtraining syndrome to occur when young athletes transcend to high achievement junior sports, including its structure.Sammanfattning: Syftet med studien var att studera processen för överträningssyndrom som en del i idrotts- och karriärutvecklingen utifrån teorier om överträningssyndrom och idrottskarriärövergångar. Avsikten var att finna mönster som belyste faktorer och kritiska skeden i idrottskarriären för att överträningssyndrom ska uppstå samt för att förhindra detta och underlätta rehabilitering.Informant var en 19 årig man som avslutat tre års studier på idrottsgymnasium. Två semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes, den senare intervjun som uppföljningsintervju. Materialet analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en konstant jämförande metod. Resultaten visade att under det första året som elitidrottande junior på idrottsgymnasium utvecklade Informanten ett överträningssyndrom. Det tog ett år från att första symtomen uppmärksammades till att intervention påbörjades och ytterligare ett års rehabilitering innan Informanten var helt återställd. Tänkbara orsaker till uppkomsten var obalans i stress-återhämtningsprocessen, framförallt beroende på idrottsliga fysiska och psykologiska krav och brist på kognitiva förmågor. Faktorer för att förhindra uppkomst och i rehabilitering antas vara Informantens motivation och kognitiva förmågor samt socialt stöd. Sammantaget antas att interaktion mellan modeller och teorier om överträningssyndrom och idrottskarriärövergångar ska ses som en helhet i syfte att förhindra uppkomst av överträningssyndrom då unga idrottare övergår till högpresterande junioridrott och dess struktur.

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Sandell, Alicia. "The strong men and the good looking women : Quantitative content analysis of the visual representation of athletes in Swedish digital sports journalism." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84324.

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Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to examine if the quantity of female athletes is lesser than male athletes and if there are any gender differences in this visual representation of athletes in Swedish digital sports journalism. The thesis also aims to investigate if the visual representation of female athletes has changed over time in connection to the #MeToo movement. Research questions: RQ1: Are there any differences in the quantity of visual coverage given to female athletes and male athletes in Swedish sports media? RQ2: Is there any difference in the visual portrayal of female athletes in comparison to male athletes? RQ3: Has the visual coverage of female athletes in Swedish sports media changed or remained the same since the #MeToo movement? Theories: Agenda setting theory, Framing theory, Hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity, Gender performance, Gatekeeping and Media logic Method: The study is based on visual quantitative content analysis. The empirical material of the analysis consists of 224 photographs from digital sports articles, originated from the two Swedish sports newspapers Sportbladet and SVT Sport. The articles were collected from the digital platform Retriever through a digital article search with the keyword “sport”. After collecting the data, it was processed in data program IBM SPSS Statistics, where cross tabulations were created. The results were analyzed and discussed in order to reaching a conclusion. Conclusion: There is a higher quantity of male athletes than female athletes in Swedish sports media. There are small differences in the way female athletes and male athletes are visually portrayed. However, these differences show that female athletes are more often are shown in an emphasized feminine way, which contributes to proving the dominance of hegemonic masculinity. There are no major changes in the visual portrayal of female athletes before and after the #MeToo, however the result shows a somewhat equal coverage even before the #MeToo movement happened. The results of the study are partially supported by previous research and theory on the subject where female athletes are underrepresented and sexualized. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om det är färre kvinnliga idrottare än manliga idrottare som visas i bilderna, samt om det finns några könsskillnader i dessa visuella representationer av idrottare i den digitala svenska idrottsjournalistiken. Studien syftar även till att undersöka om den visuella representationen av kvinnliga idrottare har förändrats över tid i samband med #MeToo-rörelsen. Frågeställningar: F1 Är det någon skillnad i antalet visuella representationer av kvinnliga idrottare respektive manliga idrottare i den svenska idrottsjournalistiken? F2 Finns det några skillnad i sportartiklars visuella representation av kvinnliga idrottare jämfört med manliga idrottare? F3 Har den visuella representationen av kvinnor förändrats eller varit densamma sedan efter #MeToo-rörelsen? Teoretiska ramverk: Dagordningsteorin, gestaltningsteorin, hegemonisk maskulinitet och ideal femininitet, gender performance, gatekeeping och medielogik Metod: Studien baseras på visuell kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Analysens empiriska material består av 224 fotografier från digitala sportartiklar, härstammande från de två svenska sporttidningarna Sportbladet och SVT Sport. Artiklarna samlades in från den digitala plattformen Retriever genom en digital artikelsökning med nyckelordet "sport". Efter att ha samlat in data bearbetades det i dataprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics där tvärtabeller skapades. Resultaten analyserades och diskuterades för att nå en slutsats. Slutsats: Det förekommer fler manliga idrottare än kvinnliga idrottare i bilderna i svenska sportjournalistik. Det är små skillnader i hur kvinnliga idrottare framställs visuellt i jämförelse med manliga idrottare. Dessa skillnader visar dock att kvinnliga idrottare oftare visas i ett betonat feminint sätt, vilket bidrar till att bevisa dominansen hos hegemonisk maskulinitet. Det finns inga större förändringar i den visuella skildringen av kvinnliga idrottare före och efter # MeToo, resultatet visar också en något lika täckning redan innan #MeToo-rörelsen. Resultaten av studien stöds delvis av tidigare forskning och teori i ämnet där kvinnliga idrottare är underrepresenterade och sexualiserade.

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Nixon, Emelie, and Johansson Alma Rojas. ""Zlatanfenomenet" : En interkulturell studie om individualisters socialisering inom lagidrotten och skolans idrottsämne." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1469.

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Our starting point has been to use the football player Zlatan Ibrahimovic as a model person for individualism that seams to break the ordinary socialization pattern in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to examine how the team leaders handle the socialization of more individualistic focused individuals/young persons into groups, since the Swedish School Curriculum is designed to meet each individual on his or hers former experiences. Is the socialization of individuals within team sports affected by their cultural background? And, in that case, should those facts have consequences for the sport subject at school? Those are the questions we want to explore. Besides a survey of documents, we have been seeking answers to our questions through interviews with the team leaders Roland Nilsson and Peter Bergander, the pedagogues/teachers Karin Jutterström and Håkan Jensgård and the professional football player Abgar Barson.Our study shows that the leaders and teachers of today have begun to change their view about individualists. Further, our study shows that young persons with other ethnic origin/foreign background that choose their own ways can be disqualified by a national view that is different from the perception of the ethnic Swedish, when they break the unwritten and unspoken rules and standards.Our conclusion is that a change seems to be happening in the mentality of the mainstream Swedish society. Zlatan Ibrahimovic has become an object of identification for many young people in Sweden during the last years. It´s our point of view that the concept of “being a Zlatan” stands for a person that dares to be an extreme individualist. We believe that we stand upon a change of paradigm on the notion of individualism in Sweden since the collective thinking in Swedish society seems to be developing towards a higher acceptance for an individualistic behaviour. This is, as we see it, a development within team sports as well as a development in the rest of Swedish society, for instance, within the educational system.

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Torgå, Petter. "Träning och kost på ett idrottsgymnasium -En explorativ undersökning som handlar om sambandet mellan kost och träning på ett ishockeygymnasium : Exercise and nutrition at a sportsgymnasium -An explorative survey of the relation between exercise and nutrition at a Swedish icehockeygymnasium." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-893.

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This is an examination report in physical education. It focuses on the relation between excercise and nutrition and how this relation works in an icehockeygymnasium in a midsized city in Sweden. The training ratio for the students are 11-12 times a week which indirectly means that the nutricion is very important to them so that they have the strength to manage both training and school. In this examination report you can read about how the food is composed and how many meals the students are offered through their education program. The persons that I´ve interviewed are the head coach, the president of the school restaurant and three students.The students have practise in the noon two times a week, on Tuesdays and Thursdays. These days they are offered breakfast and lunch at the team restaurant, and a snack at the school restaurant. All three meals are adapted for athletes. During the other three schooldays they are offered a lunch in the schoolrestaurant that mostly fits the students needs for nutrition and they also get to eat the “athlete snack” at the schoolrestaurant.My own concusions in this examination report is that the nutrition needs of the students seem to be nearly fulfilled. What can be better is mainly the communication between the headcoach and the president of the schoolrestaurant. Sometimes the students rejects to eat the food in the schoolrestaurant, and the personell don´t know why. A constructive dialogue between the students and the personell in the schoolrestaurant would therefore likely make the situation better.

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Olofsson, Eva. "Har kvinnorna en sportslig chans? : den svenska idrottsrörelsen och kvinnorna under 1900-talet." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-982.

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This study examines the conditions of womens´s participation in organized sport. The Swedish Sport Confederation and the two associations with the largest number of female members, the Swedish Gymnastics Federation and the Swedish Football Association, have been studied. Gymnastics is a traditional sport for women and is mainly a fitness sport. Soccer is a competitive sport and a new sport for women. The discussions and decisions of the sports associations regarding women and sport have been analyzed through studies of official documents, minutes and debates. An interview study with female leaders in gymnastics and soccer completes the analysis of the documents. Women represent just over a third of the members of the sports movement. Women participate in fewer sports than men. They only dominate in non-competitive and in aesthetic sports. According to this study there is no female sport or womens´sport - apart from gymnastics - only male sport with female participants. The attitude of the sports movement is that women and men are different but the form and rules of competitive sport are based on equality. The social gender system and thus mens´control over womens´ participation in sport is obvious in the sport movement. Three female counterstrategies have been identified: in the beginning of the 20th century female gymnastics coaches developed a form of gymnastics for women based on the ideology of peculiarity; in the 1970s women claimed equality with men for their breakthrough into soccer; in the 1980s women try to combine the ideologies of equality and peculiarity through male sport behaviour and the accentuation of traditional femininity. Womens´subordinate position in the sports movement is reflected in the lower valuation of womens´sport performances. Sport is an essential part of male character building. The motives of health have always been emphasized for women. The official ideology has in recent years passed on to a general accentuation of the aspects of health, which has facilitated womens´participation in sport. This is contradicted by the development of top-level sport and its manifestations in the form of for example drug-taking. digitalisering@umu

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Forssell, Karl, and Sofia Geite. "Frihet i en bubbla : En kvalitativ studie av svenska journalisters upplevelser av arbetsförhållandena i bevakningen av OS i Peking 2008." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1105.

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This study focuses on exploring Swedish journalists’ experiences and thoughts about the working conditions during the Olympic Games in Beijing 2008. It is interesting because of the fact that the Olympic Games where hosted in a country with dictatorial government and this is the foundation of this study. Theories about social construction, propaganda and media events were applied to illuminate and give a broader comprehension of the influence on the journalistic work during an Olympic Game. To explore this problem and get answers to our questions we used qualitative interviews with eight Swedish journalists who were stationed in Beijing. The result of this study is based on these journalists’ experiences of their reality. We found that all the journalists experienced an almost perfect working condition in many ways. Censorship and the lack of freedom of speech were debated a lot before the games in many western media. These subjects did not affect negative on the Swedish journalists work in Beijing but the debate had anyway an unavoidable influence on them. The line between sport journalism and a social journalism was often rubbed out and it seemed hard to avoid what happened outside the Olympic area. The organization of the Beijing Games is described by many journalists as the best of all times. We found that the journalists gave a common experience which says that almost everything in Beijing was controlled and set by the organization. The majority says at the same time that they were totally aware of the ongoing propaganda. The journalists in our study describe a journalistic freedom inside the Olympic area, in the same way as in every Olympic Game. No matter if it is hosted by a democratic or a dictatorial government.

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Johansson, Helena. "How to manage your sports fan's engagement during a season shutdown. : A case study of the Swedish basketball sector and its highest league non-profit clubs." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48778.

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Holmström, Axel. "Svenska Basketbollförbundets Regionsutvecklingsprojekt U15 : En studie av förändringsprocessen för regionsutvecklingsprojektet och regionsledarnas attityder till organisationsförändringen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73492.

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In 2009, the Swedish Basketball Federation started a Region U15 development project in order to change the structure of the regional organization to get into a more transparent and similar operations throughout the country. My purpose is to study the attitudes to the change among the region leaders in the regional operations and evaluate the change from an organizational perspective. The study is primarily based on the following questions: What are the experiences of the change process among the region leaders in the regional organization? How involved have region leaders been in the changing process? Which are the positive and negative aspects with the regional operation today? What can be done further to develop the regional operation and to what extent do the organizational change follow general organizational theories? In my study, a qualitative method was used in terms of interviews with 8 regional leaders to understand their attitude to the project and the changing process. To analyze the results of the region leaders ‘responses, a transcription have been made. One of the main results of the study is that the organizational change to some extent mean bureaucratization and centralization, in order to structure the activities in the regions. One example is the development of a policy document for all regions to follow. The results also show that the attitudes to the change are overall very positive among the region leaders.

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Eriksson, Johanna, and Jenny Lirfeldt. "Dags att bryta manligt revir -En kvalitativ intervjustudie om jämställdhet på Sveriges lokala sportredaktioner." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-80975.

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The aim of this study is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the underrepresentation of women working as sports journalists at local newspapers in Sweden. This study also aims to investigate how the Swedish Union of Journalists works to improve gender equality for female sports journalists. A qualitative semi-structured interview method is used to fulfill the aims of the study. The theoretical framework used are Kanter's theory of tokenism and Altheide and Snow's theory of media logic. The results shows that sports journalism faces a number of challenges in the work for gender equality, such as an excluding masculine culture, harassments in the field, difficulty of finding women to recruit and a need to prioritize more women in sports media to make women a more natural part of sports. The Swedish Union of Journalists mainly educates, provides equality projects and support female sport journalists regarding unequal conditions.

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Engström, Joel, and Jesper Åström. "Nyhetsvärdering på första uppslaget : – En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av Sportbladets mest prioriterade nyheter –." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64755.

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The purpose of this study is to illustrate how the Swedish newspaper Sportbladet constructs their two leading pages in order to determine which are the most prioritized news and thereby reach an understanding regarding what is neglected. Framing studies, gender studies as well as studies of news values provides the theoretical underpinnings. The study is based on a quantitative content analysis and the empirical material is comprised of 728 articles. The aim is also to present a bigger picture of how the newspaper values its content and what kind of material is placed on the leading pages. The study found that football was the dominant sport followed by ice hockey and the primary focus was mens sports. In addition to this the sports mainly took place on Swedish soil with Swedish athletes involved.

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Rudnick, Torben, and Dasaret Vllasalija. "How do Swedish football fans perceive the Bundesliga? : A quantitative study examining the Brand Equity and the Brand Interest of the Bundesliga in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65046.

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Background: Nowadays, football is much more than just a sport. In fact, football is a global industry contributing to many countries’ economic and social wealth. Football leagues are deeply involved in globalization processes and follow international marketing strategies while aiming for growth in foreign markets. In that context, it is essential for any football league to know its brand equity and the interest in the league in the desired market, to be able to make strategic decisions which lead to internationalization and marketing management success. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the Brand Equity of the Bundesliga including Brand Interest. The current research extends Shuv-Ami's (2016a) market brand equity model within sport organizations with Machleit et al.'s (1990) concept of brand interest and is applied to the Bundesliga in the Swedish market. Research Question: What is the perceived Brand Equity including Brand Interest of the Bundesliga in Sweden? Methodology: The chosen approach for this study was a deductive approach with a theory and context extension of Shuv-Ami's (2016a) market brand equity model. A quantitative data collection through online survey was conducted and collected 805 survey answers from Swedish football fans which were used for the analysis. Conclusion: The findings showed that the perceived Brand Equity including the brand interest of the Bundesliga in Sweden was very positive. The Bundesliga was especially highly ranked in terms of Brand Knowledge, Brand Image, Brand Personality, Brand Satisfaction, and Brand Interest. Further, the proposed Brand Equity model including Brand Interest as a new variable has been successfully confirmed by this study as Brand Interest had been identified as a significant contributor to Brand Equity. Keywords: Brand Equity, Brand Interest, Bundesliga, Sports Marketing, Football, Brand Equity of a Football League, Football Marketing.

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Viklund, Andreas, and Robin Wetterberg. "Balanserat styrkort i IF Elfsborg : Hur fungerar det i praktiken?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17609.

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De flesta svenska elitidrottsföreningar är ideella till sin karaktär. Den senaste tidens utvecklingvisar dock att idrotten blir alltmer kommersiell och professionell, vilket gör attidrottsföreningarnas organisation mer och mer liknar traditionella företag. Ett tydligt tecken pådetta är att den allsvenska fotbollsföreningen IF Elfsborg uppger i sin senasteverksamhetsberättelse att de sedan några år tillbaka följer sin verksamhet med balanserat styrkort,ett koncept som vanligtvis förknippas med den traditionella företagsvärlden. Syftet meduppsatsen är att ta reda på varför IF Elfsborg valt att använda sig utav ett koncept som i grundenär utformat för företag samt hur de har tolkat konceptet och hur man använder det i praktikenjämfört med vad som beskrivs i litteraturen. För att få svar på våra frågor har vi valt attgenomföra en kvalitativ undersökning genom att intervjua tre personer inom Elfsborg:klubbchefen, ekonomichefen samt en före detta styrelsemedlem som varit med och fört in, ocharbetet med, det balanserade styrkortet i verksamheten.Resultatet visar att man inom Elfsborg egentligen inte styr sin verksamhet med balanseratstyrkort, utan att man snarare skapat en egen modell som man med tiden valt att kalla förbalanserat styrkort då det liknar Elfsborgs modell. Att de två modellerna liknar varandra är tydligtvilket vi visar genom att koppla praktiken till teorin. Elfsborg följer till stor del de fyragrundläggande parametrarna som förespråkas i litteraturen om balanserat styrkort. Vi konstateraräven att anledningen till varför man valt att koppla in balanserat styrkort i verksamheten är att detfanns problem i organisationen som man önskade lösa.

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Nyberg, Nicole. "Miljöarbete vid idrottsevent och inom idrottsföreningar : Nulägesanalys samt hur det går att tillämpa Miljömärkt event och Sustainable Event med ISO 20121." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105035.

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The purpose of the report was to make a situation analysis of environmental work among sports clubs and examine how to implement the ISO-standard and Miljömärkt Event at sports events. There was also a hypothesis that was tested which says that Sustainable Event (ISO20121) and Miljömärkt Event are more suitable for bigger sports events and not smaller but more frequent events. Interviews were made and a questionnaire survey was sent to the sports clubs in the Swedish men's basketball league combined with a case study of match events organized by Umeå BSKT. The questionnaire survey showed that there was environmental work among 64 % of the clubs but mainly in a low grade. Time was the primary reason why environmental work wasn’t prioritized among the clubs who lacked environmental work. The majority considered it important with environmental work within the club. The final conclusions were that it exist environmental work among the sports movement and that Miljömärkt Event and ISO 20121 can be implemented even during smaller and more frequent sports events, but the fact that sport clubs rarely own the facility for their events can be a problem if the owner doesn’t care about the environmental issue.

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Fasting, Oskar. "Idrottsrörelsen - en kvinnlig domän? : En studie av kvinnliga idrottsutövares livsberättelser rörande jämställdheten inom det svenska föreningslivet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35975.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka jämställdheten inom den svenska idrottsrörelsen. Mer precist handlar det om att analysera kvinnliga idrottsutövares livsberättelser med fokus på jämställdheten inom det idrottsliga föreningslivet. Ambitionen är att belysa hur kvinnliga idrottare upplever och hanterar frågor som har med jämställdhet och idrott att göra på daglig basis i sin idrottsliga praktik. Ett flertal frågeställningar innehar en vital karaktär i den föreliggande studien: Upplever kvinnliga idrottsutövare att utvecklingen går åt ”rätt håll”, det vill säga att idrottslivet blir mer jämställt? Är det något eller några område som är särskilt förbisedda och/eller välutformade när det gäller jämställdhetsfrågor? Finns det några signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika idrotter som studerats, sett ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv? Dessa frågor utgör bara ett par exempel på fundamentala frågeställningar i denna kontext. För att söka svar på dessa frågor har en kvalitativ metod tillämpats med inriktning mot livsberättelse. I studien intervjuades tolv kvinnliga idrottare, från såväl elitidrotten som breddidrotten, vilka representerade sex olika idrotter, vilka är ishockey, fotboll, handboll, innebandy, volleyboll och vattenpolo. Av resultaten från den föreliggande studien framgår det bland annat att merparten av studiedeltagarna anser att utvecklingen går åt rätt håll, d.v.s. de uppfattar att sina respektive idrotter har blivit mer jämställda. Icke desto mindre betonar respondenterna att det emellertid finns mycket som behöver förbättras. The purpose with this paper is to investigate gender equality in Swedish sports. More precisely, it is about analyzing female athlete’s life stories focusing on equality within female sports associations. The aim is to highlight how female athlete’s experience and handle issues related to gender and sports. There are a number of vital questions looked into in this paper: Are the female athlete’s experiencing that the development is moving in right direction, that is to say that sports life are becoming more equal? Is there any other area that is particularly neglected regarding gender equality? Are there any significant differences between the sports covered in this paper in terms of gender equality? These questions are just some examples of fundamental issues in this context. In order to find answers to these questions, a qualitative method has been used focusing on life stories collected during interviews with twelve female, both elite and non-elite athlete’s from six different sports, which are ice hockey, soccer, handball, floor ball, volleyball and water polo. The results show that the majority feels that the development is going in the right direction, in other words they feel that their respective sports have become more equal. Nonetheless, the respondents however emphasizes that there is much that needs to be improved.

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Görl, Maria. "Fighting for the Podium : Translating metaphors and metonymies in Formula 1 Racing." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67870.

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This essay researches metaphors and metonymy in motorsports language, mainly investigating strategies for translating the structural metaphors RACING is WAR and RACE POSITIONS are RESOURCES and analyzing the results through both a quantitative and qualitative approach. The material for the research was selected parts of former Formula 1 driver Mark Webber’s autobiography, Aussie Grit: My Formula One Journey (2016). For the translation, dictionaries and parallel texts were utilized, and several works on translation theory, such as Ingo (2007), Newmark (1988), and Lakoff & Johnson (2003) were consulted for both the translation and the following analysis. Research into similar metaphors in other sports (such as Shields & Bredemeier (2013) and Bergh & Ohlander (2012)) was analyzed for background on the phenomenon of structural metaphors in sports. The results show that metonyms are prevalent in motorsports language, and structural metaphors are also well established in both the SL and TL. Regarding metonyms, the parallel texts show that proper noun metonyms can be transferred directly. Most metonyms in the ST are of the PLACE for EVENT category (for example names of racetracks/countries used to reference whole races, and the podium being used to reference placing top three or winning). The metaphor structures are also found in the TL, meaning the intended images can largely be maintained without changing the author’s established structure of the source text. Most metaphors and metonyms can thus be translated literally, or with TL equivalents. Where expansions are necessary, the translator can safely fall back on the structures present in motorsports language to ensure a text a reader with previous knowledge of such language will understand.

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Olsson, Kasper Lundell, and Sebastian Pehrson. "Exploratory study - Outlining the temporal structure of the transition from junior-to-senior level in Swedish ice hockey : Phases in the junior-to-senior transition." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25307.

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This exploratory, qualitative study focuses on the transition from junior-to-senior sports. The purpose of the study was to outline the temporal structure of this transition. The aim was to do this by achieving the following three objectives: (1) to develop a working model showing transitional phases in the transition from junior-to-senior sports, (2) to examine demands, resources, barriers, coping strategies, and outcomes within each of the four transitional phases in the working model, (3) to validate the working model through external validation, i.e. through asking the study’s participants for their opinion on the model. There were 10 male participants in this study consisting of active ice hockey players, ice hockey coaches, and a former ice hockey player; preparation phase (n=1), orientation phase (n=1), stabilization phase (n=5), junior coach (n=1), senior coach (n=1), dropout (n=1). Seven instruments were used in this study, including six interview guides and one working model. Initially a working model, depicting four transitional phases, was developed, based on theoretical frameworks and personal experience. A total of 949 raw data units were extracted from the interviews, categorized as either demands, resources, barriers, coping strategies, or outcomes within a transitional phase, and then arranged into category profiles representing each transitional phase in the working model. Furthermore, an empirical model was developed based on the working model and the category profiles. The results are, among other things, discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research. Denna undersökande, kvalitativa studie fokuserar på övergången från junior-till-senioridrott. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga denna övergångs tidsmässiga struktur. Målet var att göra detta genom att uppfylla följande tre delmål: (1) att utveckla en arbetsmodell som visar transaktionella faser i övergången från junior-till-senior idrott, (2) att undersöka krav, resurser, barriärer, coping strategier och utfall inom var och en av de fyra transaktionella faserna i arbetsmodellen, (3) att validera arbetsmodellen genom extern validering, d.v.s. genom att fråga studiens deltagare om deras åsikter kring modellen. Det var 10 manliga deltagare i denna studie bestående av aktiva hockeyspelare, hockeytränare och en föredetta hockeyspelare; förberedelsefasen (n=1), orienteringsfasen (n=1), stabiliseringsfasen (n=5), junior tränare (n=1), senior tränare (n=1), dropout (n=1). Sju instrument användes i studien; sex intervjuguider och en arbetsmodell. Inledningsvis utvecklades en arbetsmodell, föreställande fyra transaktionella faser, baserad på teoretiska ramverk och personlig erfarenhet. Totalt extraherades 949 rådata från intervjuerna, som sedan kategoriserades som antingen krav, resurser, barriärer, coping strategier eller utfall inom en transaktionell fas, och därefter ordnades de i kategoriprofiler som representerar varje transaktionella fas i arbetsmodellen. Vidare utvecklades en empirisk modell baserad på arbetsmodellen och kategoriprofilerna. Resultatet diskuteras bl.a. i relation till teoretiska ramverk och tidigare forskning.

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Pettersson, Spörndli Jamie, and Cecilia Grunedal. "Vad motiverar unga ledare? : En undersökning om unga ledare i gymnastikföreningar." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28141.

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Syftet med denna undersökning är att ta reda på vad som motiverar ungdomar inomGymnastikförbundets verksamhet att vara ideella ledare. Vidare undersöks hur den ideella föreningen arbetar för att behålla unga ledare. För att nå syftet används en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod. Intervjuer har genomförts med tolv unga, ideella ledare med olika erfarenhet och bakgrund samt med fem olika gymnastikföreningar. I dessa föreningar är någraav de unga ledarna vi intervjuat verksamma. Tillgänglig litteratur har lästs och relevant forskning för denna undersökning har beaktats. Intervjusvaren analyseras utifrån tre teorier. De unga ledarnas svar analyseras utifrån Edward Deci och Richard Ryans teori, Self-Determination Theory, som handlar om vad som motiverar människor. En annan teori som analysen grundar sig på är David G. Barkers teori, Motiv till ideellt engagemang, som beskriver tre faktorer som motiverar till ideellt arbete. Gymnastikföreningarnas svar analyseras utifrån Aron Antonovskys teori känsla av sammanhang, som består av tre komponenter – begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet. Resultatet visar att det som motiverar ungdomar till att vara ideella ledare i gymnastikföreningar inte skiljer sig så mycket åt. Gymnasternas utveckling och kärleken till gymnastiken är två av de klart största motivationsfaktorerna bland de unga ledarna. Gymnastikföreningarna försöker behålla sina unga ledare främst genom att erbjuda utbildning. Ett arvode utgår för alla de unga ledarna vilket kan ses som ett sätt att locka ungdomarna till fortsatt uppdrag, framförallt i de föreningar där arvodet baseras på antal år i föreningen och utbildningsnivå. This thesis aims to examine what motivates youths within The Swedish Gymnastic Federation activities to be a voluntary leader. Non-profit sports associations will also be examined to see how they work to keep the youth leaders. A qualitative examination method will be used. Twelve youth leaders with different experiences and backgrounds will be interviewed, and five gymnastics associations will also be interviewed. In these gymnastics associations some of the youth leaders are active. Available literature has been read as well as relevant research has been taken into consideration. The answers from the interviews gets analysed on the basis of three theories. The youth leaders’ answers get analysed on the basis of Edward Deci and Richard Ryans theory, Self-Determination Theory, which is about what motivate people in general. Another theory that will be used is David G. Barker’s theory, Motives for voluntary work, which describes three factors that motivate to voluntary commitment. The gymnastics associations’ answers get analysed on the basic of Aron Antonovsky’s theory, Sense of Coherence, which consists of three components – comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. The result shows that what motivates youth leaders in gymnastics associations is quite simmilar. The gymnastics’ development and the love of gymnastics are the two most usual motivation factors. The gymnastics association tries to keep the youth leaders by offering education. The youth leaders get a small economic compensation, which can be seen as a way to tempt youths to continue their leader commitment, especially in the gymnastics associations where the economic compensation is based on the number of years in the association as well as the level of education.

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Sjöblom, Paul. "Den institutionaliserade tävlingsidrotten : Kommuner, idrott och politik i Sverige under 1900-talet." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-875.

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The aim of this dissertation is to describe and analyse the development of the sports movement at a local level during the 20th century, focusing on the relationship between the municipality, in a broad sense, and the sports clubs, as well as on the conditions that have affected this relationship and the effects this has had for the clubs’ structural and cultural configuration. The thesis put forward is that there is a link between the parliamentary and governmental description of sport as socially beneficial, the relative autonomy of the sports movement, the institutionalisation of the municipalities’ sports policy and their involvement in the local sports culture and the expansion of competitive sport within the sports movement led by the Swedish Sports Confederation. The thesis is advanced in the context of a description of the Swedish sports model at the local level, its rise and eventual fall, and through case studies of three municipalities/local communities as well as a total of six sports clubs, all located in what is today Norrtälje municipality some ninety kilometres north of Stockholm. The thesis is generally confirmed. From the perspective of the central state, within the framework of a corporate governance model, it has involved compromising with a strong sports movement and simultaneously gaining legitimacy and support for its sports policy. This has not caused any major problems as the Swedish Sports Confederation, the sports movement’s unitary organisation, has in all important respects developed organised sport in a desirable way, or at least one that the government authorities have been willing to accept in view of services in return. It appears to be the same at a local level. The municipality has rewarded that section of organised sport which has made, in its opinion, the best contribution to producing a both physically and mentally civic educational as well as integrating leisure activity. On the whole this has been applicable to the performance- and result-oriented sport. This type of competitive sport, or rather, the clubs which have run it, have also been expected to be able to assist in managing the range of facilities, in raising the municipality’s PR value, in creating new services and job opportunities and in uniting the inhabitants.

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Dalin, Stefan. "Mellan massan och Marx : en studie av den politiska kampen inom fackföreningsrörelsen i Hofors 1917-1946." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Historical Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1450.

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The thesis concentrates on Hofors and a local trade union environment between 1917 and 1946, where important parts of the trade union’s power were held by parties to the left of the social democrats. The overall aim is to problemize and discuss the issue of what characterised and made possible this deviation from the usual picture of a trade union movement dominated by social democracy. What characterised the conditions in such a local trade union environment and to what extent can local norms and political culture be linked to the conditions and the development in the trade union movement in Hofors?The factors behind the radicalism in Hofors can be found in the local union and political context. The investigation points out the following main reasons: the left-wing local council of the Social Democratic Party and its successors’ organisational lead, the local labour council’s working method being close to what has been considered “social democratic”, their representatives being highly trusted in the local community, and the growth of a local radical tradition.The political culture and the norms that gradually developed were based on a left-wing social democratic tradition. The local council of the Social Democratic Party that left the party in 1917 to join the left-wing social democratic faction was the same local council, despite their names and change of parties in the 1920s and 1930s. It became the local labour movement’s bearer of traditions and represented the continuity in the local trade union environment, which contributed to the leftwing socialist project being long-lived in Hofors. The central aspects were the trade union work and the practical-concrete tradition that developed.Primarily through successful trade union work, the local labour council and its trade union representatives gained strong and long-term support from a large proportion of the local trade union movement’s members and the population of Hofors.Against this background it may be stated that, even though it was often impossible for the parties to the left of social democracy to maintain a local trade union and political power position that was stronger than that of the social democrats for a lengthy period of time, it was not entirely impossible. It may also be stated that for the trade union member as such, a communist or socialist party affiliation was not a real obstacle in the election of shop stewards. Their focus was primarily put on the would-be representatives’ personal qualities and ability to live up to the demands and expectations placed on them by the members, and not so much on their ideological persuasion.

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Andersson, Fredrik. "Heja Sverige – eller framåt Malmö FF? : En kvalitativ studie om hur Aftonbladet och Sydsvenskan framställer landslag och klubblag." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79804.

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The purpose of this study was to examine how the Swedish sports journalism, tabloids and local newspapers, portrayed the Swedish national football team during the 2018 Russia World Cup and Malmö FF in the 2015/2016 Champions League competition. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sports journalism and nationality. The question formulations to this study were: how does the sports journalism portray the Swedish national team and Malmö FF, and what are the similarities and differences between Aftonbladets and Sydsvenskans portrayal of the teams? I made a discourse analysis out of twelve chronicles, six from Aftonbladet and six from Sydsvenkan. For each of the three group stage games Sweden played in the World Cup, I analyzed one chronicle from both Aftonbladet and Sydsvenskan. Further, I analyzed one chronicle from Aftonbladet and one from Sydsvenskan for each of the three home games Malmö FF played in the Champions League. It turned out that Aftonbladet portrayed Sweden with a lot of metaphors and wrote about the Swedish national team as if the readers were a part of the team. Aftonbladet had more distance and caution when portraying Malmö FF. With Sydsvenskan it was the contrary. Sydsvenskan portrayed Malmö FF as if they were a part of the team and occasionally seemed to be biased. Sydsvenskan portrayed the Swedish national with more caution, distance and did not portray Sweden with the same empathy as Malmö FF.

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Backlund, Amanda. "Barn- och ungdomars tillvaro efter avslutad elitsatsning : En kvalitativ studie ur ett förälderperspektiv." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32252.

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Fysisk aktivitet är en determinant för en god folkhälsa. Till följd av detta vill idrottsrörelsen bidra till en utvecklig inom idrotten för att öka deltagarantalet och motivera människor att vara fysiskt aktiva livet ut. Ett dilemma som dock är förekommande inom elitidrotten är att många slutar idrottsutövandet innan de nått sin topp nivå. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka föräldrars uppfattningar om deras barns tillvaro efter avslutad elitsatsning. En kvalitativ metod tillämpades och vid datainsamlingen genomfördes fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkommer det att flera av barnen som tidigare varit en del av en elitsatsning gått från en fysiskt aktiv livsstil till en friare livsstil där det upplevs finnas utrymme för spontanitet och lekfullhet. Vardagen inkluderas numer av nyfunna vänner och ett större fokus förkommer på studier alternativt jobb. Den tidigare sociala miljön som bestod av idrottsarenan har i stort bytts ut till andra miljöer. Den identitet de tidigare haft med idrotten har förlorats och i samband med elitsatsningens upphörande drabbades barnen av psykisk ohälsa, med de upplevs idag må bättre. Slutsatsen för denna studie är att tillvaron har förändrats hos samtliga barn efter avslutad elitsatsning. Physical activity is a determinant of public health. Hence the Swedish sports movement wish to contribute to the development of sporting activities as a way to increase the number of participants and motivate people to stay physically active throughout life. A common issue in elite level sports is that many end their career before reaching their final potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate the parent’s perspective regarding their children’s being after ending their elite effort. A qualitative method was applied and data was collected in five semi-structured interviews. The collected material was analyzed with a manifest content analysis. The result indicated that several of the children, who previously had been a part of an elite investment, had changed their lifestyle from a physically active lifestyle to a freer way of life where it is perceived to be room for spontaneity and playfulness. Everyday life nowadays includes new friends and greater focus on studies or job. Former social context focused around the sports arena are now taking place in other environments. Their previous identification with their sport has been lost and by ending their elite efforts the children's mental health declaimed, however they have later recovered to some extent. The conclusion of this study is that life has changed for the children after ending their elite effort.

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Holm, Teodor. "”Det här är en domarskandal” : En kvalitativ studie om hur medierna framställer ishockeydomare som aktörer i domarskandaler." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-72471.

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The aim of the study wa s to investigate how referees are portrayed in the media, as participants in refereeing scandals. A study I conducted through examining how hockey referees are portrayed and represented in match texts from both local and national Swedish sports journalism, written in connection to refereeing scandals. I used the method of critical discourse analysis t o examine the question . Through the method I performed an in - depth analysis of how hockey referees are portrayed and represented in eight match texts , written in con nection to different refereeing scandals, from both local and nat ional Swedish sp orts journ alism. The result of the critical discourse analysis showed that the media depicts referees as scapegoats in refereeing scandals. It also showed that referees are portrayed as the ”b ad guys” and abusers of power. Further, my study showed that t hrough melodramatic journalistic descriptions and critical comments from players and coaches, referees are portrayed as unprofessional practicioners in the media match texts written in connection to different refereeing scandals.

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Andersson, Jonas, and Elias Håkansson. "Vem och vad äger sportbilagornas etta? : En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av kvällstidningarnas sportbilagors förstasidor." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49261.

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The purpose of this study was to illustrate how the Swedish tabloid press construct their sports sections front pages and what they present on these pages. A second purpose, and by the first following, was to investigate the items these newspapers offer the audience to add to their daily agendas. The aim to show a bigger picture of the front pages content was reached by implementing a content analysis of 196 front pages from the two largest tabloid newspapers in Sweden, Aftonbladet and Expressen, during a period of four years. The study examined 98 items per newspaper and since the aim was to examine sports journalism the units were chosen from the two newspapers sports sections, Sportbladet and SportExpressen. The great conclusions that were made during this process were the differences in between genders, the dominating sports and what big part sponsors have in sports. The most common front page shows a Swedish man playing football in the age between 20-35. A less common page is woman, playing any sport. She is only found on nine of a hundred front pages. As in the case of men, football is the dominating sport in Swedish tabloid press. On second place we found ice hockey. What we also could find was the big part sponsors have in sports. We saw the logos of sponsors on every second front page.

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Furvik, Agneta. "Om fotboll och dess föreställda gemenskaper - en kritisk diskursanalys av tidningstexter om fotbollsspelaren Zlatan Ibrahimovic." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22530.

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Jag har med hjälp av Norman Faircloughs modell för kritisk diskursanalys bearbetat 60 mediatexter som på något sätt berör fotbollsspelaren Zlatan Ibrahimovic och två särskilda händelser under hösten 2003. Jag har redovisat teorier som diskuterar samband mellan nationalism, rasism, identitet, idrott och media, samt några klassiska sociologiska teorier om identitet och maktstrukturer. Syftet har varit att söka svar på hur den mediala bilden av Zlatan Ibrahimovic tecknas och vilka egenskaper han framställs som bärare av, på om det förekommer några nationalistiska och/eller rasistiska diskurser i materialet, samt på om Zlatan Ibrahimovic representeras som svensk eller som invandrare, en Annan, och vilka orsakerna skulle kunna vara till den representation materialet ger. Jag fann att texterna om Zlatan Ibrahimovic i stort konstruerar en medial bild av honom som en Annan, och att det sätt Zlatan Ibrahimovic omtalas kan jämföras med hur invandraren generellt omtalas i svenska medier. Jag har även funnit att det sportjournalistiska textmaterialet är starkt präglat av nationalistiska diskurser, och även av diskurser som flera av de refererade teoretikerna i detta arbete placerar under en övergripande rubrik av rasism. Jag gör därtill antagandet att Zlatan Ibrahimovic placeras i en invandrarkategori i stor utsträckning på grund av sitt namn och på grund av den svenska dialekt han talar, eftersom både språk och den språkliga aspekten namn, utgör viktiga identitetsbestämmande markörer i den starkt nationalistiska kontext som sport och sportjournalistik kan anses utgöra. Jag finner även att de diskurser som dominerar i textmaterialet stämmer överens med och snarare stärker än försvagar rådande diskursordning kring svenskhet och kring den i den nuvarande diskursiva och samhälleliga praktiken utbredda dikotomin svensk-invandrare, såsom den diskursordningen beskrivs av flera av de i detta arbete refererade teoretikerna.

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Hoas, Sebastian. "Gymnastik åt alla? : Propaganda, kropp och medborgerliga visioner i den svenska gymnastikrörelsen på 30-talet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322969.

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This thesis argues that the Swedish Gymnsatics League during the 1930’s articulated, what in previous research has been called a citizenship project. This citizenship project was formulated against the backdrop of the widely held gymnastic ideological belief about a ‘sound mind in a sound body’. In the historical context regarding the contemporary problem concerning the qualitative issue of the people, the gymnasts formulated gymnastics as an activity, aimed to produce an ideal, healthy citizen. In 1934, the Swedish gymnastics started a propaganda organization called National Society for promotion of Gymnastics (Riksföreningen för gymnastikens främjande) and its yearbook. The organization aimed to educate, and convince the Swedish population with the ultimate objective to make them active participants, and practitioners in gymnastic body culture. I argue that the gymnasts, through propaganda media as the yearbook, and the gymnastics display, addressed audiences as civic publics, with the potential of, though gymnastics, obtain properties connected to the idea of the ideal citizen. Regarding the conceptions of the gymnasts’ citizenship ideals, the essay demonstrates how the gymnasts argued that ideal civic virtues was reflected in the individual’s aesthetical bodily properties, which ultimately signified health. Thus, they argued that the properties liked to the ideal citizen only could be obtained through physical exercise, and the cultivation of a ‘healthy’ body, via gymnastic exercises. In the mid-1930’s the Gymnastics League undertook an international mission to display the superiority of Swedish gymnastics in front of foreign audiences, primarily by performing a non-competitive display at the Olympics in Berlin. I argue that this international outlook produced, and enhanced the national significance, and citizenship producing purpose of the gymnastics, especially when transcribed and mediated in the National Society’s yearbook, hence with the aim of addressing Swedish publics. The strategy of convincing the Swedish population of participating in gymnastics, through international exposure culminated at the Lingiad in Stockholm 1939, where the Gymnastics League invited to world in celebration of the centennial memory of the death of Per Hendrik Ling, the creator of Swedish gymnastics. This event displayed en masse what could be achieved through gymnastics, and enhanced the universal significance of Swedish culture in producing ascetically, and therefore civically sound, national citizens.

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Kousis, Georgios, and Erik Reinholdz. "Fotbollsagenter: En hjälpande hand eller stjälpande mellanhänder? : En kvalitativ studie om vad fotbollsagenter egentligen gör och hur de konstruerar legitimitet i en bransch som kantas av kriminalitet och brist på transparens." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38445.

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Syftet med det här arbetet är att tydliggöra vad svenska fotbollsagenter gör samt redogöra hur legitimitet skapas i en bransch som kantas av kriminalitet och bristfällig transparens. Kvalitativa intervjuer har använts för att besvara de två forskningsfrågorna som lyder: Vad gör fotbollsagenter i Sverige och vad erbjuder de fotbollsspelare och fotbollsklubbar för tjänster? Samt, hur konstruerar fotbollsagenter legitimitet i en bransch med dåligt rykte? Respondenterna till studien är tagna från tre olika yrkesgrupper: tre fotbollsspelare, tre fotbollsagenter och tre sportchefer. Resultatet visar att fotbollsagenter i Sverige primärt jobbar med kontraktsförhandlingar, kontaktskapande, scouting och karriärrådgivning. Några agenter erbjöd även spelare möjligheten till extra träningspass, matchanalys och rehab. Utöver detta framkom det att det förekommer agenter i Sverige som arbetar med oetiska arbetsmetoder som exempelvis att muta spelare. När det kom till hur agenter konstruerar legitimitet handlar det huvudsakligen om att skapa tillit från andra aktörer i fotbollssverige. Detta görs främst genom att få externa godkännanden från andra aktörer inom fotbollen. Utöver detta handlade det om att följa den reglering som finns och hålla sig borta från allt som kan associeras med den mörkare sidan av agentbranschen. The purpose of this thesis is to clarify what a football agent does in Sweden and describe how legitimacy is created in an industry that is associated with crime and a lack of transparency. Qualitative interviews have been used to answer the two main issues that follows: What do football agents do in Sweden and what services do they offer football players and football clubs? And how do football agents construct legitimacy in an industry with a bad reputation? The respondents were picked from three different professions: three footballers, three football agents and three sports directors. The result shows that football agents in Sweden mainly worked with contracts negotiation, professional contact creation, scouting and giving career advice. Some agents even offered their players the opportunity for extra training sessions, match analysis and rehabilitation. The result also shows that some agents in Sweden uses work methods that could be considered unethical, for example giving bribes to players. When it came to how agents constructed legitimacy, it was mainly about creating a trust between themselves and other actors in Swedish football. This was done mostly through gaining external approval from other actors in football. In addition, it was about following the regulations that exist and staying away from anything that can be associated with the shadier side of the football agent industry.

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Ahlbin, Oskar, and Marcus Svensson. "Kommersialism, mer än bara ett fenomen : En studie av kommersialismen inom svenska herrelitföreningar och om den miljö de verkar i, i förhållande till yttre partners." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96557.

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Abstrakt Syftet med studien är att undersöka herrelitföreningarnas beroende av yttre partners. Samtidigt lyfta fram elitföreningarnas användning av kommersiell verksamhet och hur det påverkar deras ekonomi. Studien kommer också att diskutera fördelar och nackdelar som de undersökta föreningarna ser med införandet av idrottsaktiebolag, eftersom idrottsföreningens går mot ett mer företagsliknande förhållningssätt. Studien är förankrad i den osäkra miljön som bildas när kommersialisering och det ideella idealet ställs mot varandra inom svensk idrott. Forskning instämmer i att idrotten måste skapa en balans mellan kommersialisering och ideell idealet. Å andra sidan råder en viss oenighet om kommersiella intäkter handlar om vinstmaximering eller nyttomaximering. Resource Dependence Theory används för att förklara hur partners minskar deras beroende och osäkerheter i miljön de arbetar i förhållande till yttre partners. Metoden som används är en blandning av kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning, genom ett frågeformulär som innehåller frågor i en blandning av enkätfrågor och semistrukturerade intervjufrågor. Sexton respondenter deltog i studien. Studien visar att herrelitföreningar tycker att samarbete med externa partners är något att sträva efter, men att det också skapar ett beroende av dessa externa partners. Det verkar också som om beroendet är oförändrat oavsett sammansättningsform. Abstract The purpose of the study is to investigate the dependence of associations on external organizations. At the same time highlight the sports associations' use of commercial activities and how it affects their finances. The study will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages that the surveyed associations see with the incorporation of sports associations, as the sports associations world is moving towards a more corporate-like approach. The study is rooted in the uncertain environment that is formed when commercialization and the non-profit ideal are set against each other within Swedish sports. Research agrees that sport needs to strike a balance between commercialization and the non-profit ideal. On the other hand, there is disagreement as to whether commercial revenue is about profit maximization or utility maximization. Resource Dependence Theory is used to explain how organizations reduce their dependence and uncertainties in the environment they operate in relation to external partners. The method applied is a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research, through a questionnaire containing questions in a mixture of survey and semi-structured interview questions. Sixteen respondents participated in the study. The study shows that elite sports associations find that collaboration with external organizations is something to strive for, but that it also creates a dependency on these external organizations. It also appears that the dependency is unchanged regardless of the form of association.

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Dissertationen zum Thema „The Swedish Sports Confederation“

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