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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „The Swedish Planning and Building Act“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "The Swedish Planning and Building Act"
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Lindblad, Fredrik. „Växjö Municipality’s Planning Strategy to Increase the Construction of Wooden Multi-Family Buildings“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 12 (16.06.2020): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124915.
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Sweden has a housing shortage, which the Swedish authorities expect to continue until 2025. Producers of wooden multi-family buildings have a relatively small market share in comparison to traditional building materials. The limited capacity to fulfil the increased building demand also restricts the possibilities for development towards innovation, bio-economy and sustainability. The municipalities in Sweden have responsibility for the planning of the building development in their region based on their projected requirements and strategies. Combining this with a desire to develop sustainable building solutions based on wood increases the complexity. Currently, public building developments are achieved through the public procurement act or the land allocation activity, dependent on their development strategy. This normally involves the development of local strategies regarding, for example, design, material choice and geographical development. This study aims to identify drivers that will enable improved market activities related to actions in public building initiatives using wood-based solutions, which is conducted by studying a specific building project managed by the Växjö Municipality in Sweden. The result indicates that improved transparency in the land allocation activity generates possibilities for developers to respond successfully to the requests submitted by the municipalities, and thus, increase the possible use of sustainable building methods using wood. This knowledge improves the understanding of the required strategic development for the companies, the government and the municipalities, to increase the use of sustainable building materials in Swedish multi-family housing projects.
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Hagemann, Frederik Aagaard, Thomas B. Randrup und Åsa Ode Sang. „Challenges to implementing the urban ecosystem service concept in green infrastructure planning: a view from practitioners in Swedish municipalities“. Socio-Ecological Practice Research 2, Nr. 3 (27.07.2020): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42532-020-00054-3.
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Abstract In building a sustainable society, numerous ecosystem services have shown to play important roles for the benefit of urban residents. The distinct concept of Urban Ecosystem Services (UES) to accentuate and enhance the value of urban ecosystems has been proposed, primarily in research, with implementation in practice still at an early stage. This study examined challenges to future implementation of the UES concept in municipal planning and management of urban green spaces. Based on interviews in six Swedish municipalities, we identified four overall discourses challenging implementation of UES in municipal practice. These included (i) a need to prioritize UES in municipal planning in order to address the contemporary challenges of e.g., urbanization and biodiversity loss. This in turn creates (ii) a need for increased holistic thinking within the municipal organization, based on (iii) further documentation and standards, which should help (iv) initiate organizational transition and cross-sectorial approaches. These discourses provide interrelated challenges that could also act as opportunities for scientists and practitioners collaborations to advance integration of UES into planning and management, thereby increasing the sustainability of urban environments. This work provides a starting point for introduction of the UES concept into municipal planning.
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Pettersson, Lars. „The Swedish building cycle and other cycles“. Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 5, Nr. 2 (Januar 1988): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730154.
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Korpinen, Pekka. „The Swedish building cycle: Fact or artifact?“ Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 5, Nr. 4 (Januar 1988): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730171.
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Zhang, Yang, Pietro Elia Campana, Anders Lundblad, Wandong Zheng und Jinyue Yan. „Planning and operation of an integrated energy system in a Swedish building“. Energy Conversion and Management 199 (November 2019): 111920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111920.
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Pettersson, Lars. „Pekka Korpinen's “The Swedish building cycle: Fact or artifact?"—a rejoinder“. Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 5, Nr. 4 (Januar 1988): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730172.
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Forsberg, Mara, und Clarice Bleil de Souza. „Implementing Regenerative Standards in Politically Green Nordic Social Welfare States: Can Sweden Adopt the Living Building Challenge?“ Sustainability 13, Nr. 2 (14.01.2021): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020738.
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This paper focuses on understanding the place for regenerative building standards within the context of politically green Nordic social welfare states. To this end, it examines the particular case of adopting the Living Building Challenge (LBC), an iconic example of regenerative design standard, in Sweden. An extensive document analysis comparing the Swedish building and planning regulations as well as the Miljöbyggnad national certification system with the LBC, shows overlaps and barriers the standard can face when adopted in the country. Barriers are validated and further discussed in interviews with one of the few architects trying to achieve a certified LBC building in Sweden and Swedish public authorities from the Boverket (Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning). Results from the document analysis and interviews show barriers to implement the LBC in Sweden are a product of a conscious political and ideological decision from the welfare state which considers infrastructure, and all its potential sustainable versions, a public good to be provided to all and funded by all. This premise contrasts with the self-sufficient approach promoted by the LBC, which in this particular aspect, can be interpreted as a threat to the welfare state.
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Kazda, Antonin. „Airport Planning and Design – Legal and Professional Competence Requirements“. Civil and Environmental Engineering 13, Nr. 2 (20.12.2017): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cee-2017-0019.
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Abstract Airport design and planning considerably differs from the design of other transport infrastructure. The reasons are the wide scope of regulation in civil aviation and the lack of links between the Civil Aviation Act and the Building Act. The effect is that the sequence of procedures, negotiation, and/or document approval is not clearly defined. The situation is further complicated by the fact that an airport is a unique construction both for the investor and for the local building authority. The paper is an outcome of our research, building on long-term experience in airport planning and design, and the elucidation of planning and approval processes with experts from the Transport Authority and the Ministry of Transport and Construction of the Slovak Republic.
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Almén, Lena, und Tore J. Larsson. „Health and safety coordinators in building projects“. Built Environment Project and Asset Management 4, Nr. 3 (07.07.2014): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-05-2013-0012.
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Purpose – In order to reduce the number of injuries on construction sites, a European Directive prescribes that the clients shall appoint safety and health coordinators in their projects. The purpose of this paper is to find out who are appointed to be health and safety coordinators for the design and planning phase and what they do in order to prevent injuries on sites. Design/methodology/approach – Since the 1st of January 2009, there shall be a coordinator for the design and planning phase in Swedish construction projects. Telephone interviews were made with the coordinators in 42 Swedish building projects. Findings – The coordinators’ education and experiences varied widely, as well as their descriptions of their duties: no duties, administration and active injury prevention. The coordinators who were classified as most active had at least one additional leading role in the projects. Research limitations/implications – The study is qualitative for an increased understanding, not a statistical reflection of the coordinator population. Practical implications – The legislation needs to clarify whether the early conceptual phase of the project is included in the coordinator's commission and whether she/he is supposed to participate in identifying, assessing and reducing risks through design changes. These clarifications will have an influence on when the coordinator should be appointed and what competence she/he needs. Originality/value – The study increases the understanding of how the health and safety coordinators of the planning and projecting phase of building projects perceive their mission and what factors, according to them, have an influence on what they do.
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MARTIIN, CARIN. „Swedish Milk, a Swedish Duty: Dairy Marketing in the 1920s and 1930s“. Rural History 21, Nr. 2 (22.09.2010): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793310000063.
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AbstractOn basis of the argument ‘Better milk – increased consumption’ the Swedish association, ‘The Milk Propaganda’, managed to frame a milk marketing project in which economic interests were intertwined with references to public health and the survival of the Swedish countryside. The very idea of marketing milk, building on its quality and health, was presented as mutually beneficial for producers and consumers, and for the entire Swedish society. In the 1920s and 30s the project was visible through posters, a journal, milk restaurants and school campaigns. The story includes fascinating encounters between rurality and urbanity, materialised through milk. During the economic crisis around 1930 milk marketing became aggressive and consumers were urged to consume as much dairy produce as possible in order to fulfil their national duty to help save farmers and the countryside.
Dissertationen zum Thema "The Swedish Planning and Building Act"
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Persson, Alexandra. „Environmental Impact Assessments in Detailed Development Plan Processes: An Adequacy Analysis“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103756.
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A detailed development plan (DDP) is a legally binding plan that regulates the municipalities land use on a detailed level. The purpose with the DDP is to evaluate the suitability for development on land access, in order for municipalities to manage spatial planning and minimize environmental harm. If a DDP would likely cause a significant impact on the environment, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has to be produced. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how DDP and EIA processes are working on a local level in Sweden, and how the quality is reflected in the processes. More specifically, I investigated the role of EIA actors involved in the DDP process, as well as whether these processes are inadequate from an environmental conservation perspective. To investigate these issues, a document study was conducted as well as an interview study. The results from the study presents several shortcomings in both processes; examples of shortcomings were the lacking knowledge among the DDP and EIA actors in how to conduct the process, as well as interpreting and understanding the law. Other observed shortcomings were the different levels of engagement among the plan administrators, the EIA performers and the County Administrative Board reviewers. Three important factors were recognized for achieving good processes. Firstly, the people involved need to have broad knowledge and good qualifications. Secondly, the actors must be able to communicate in a good and clear manner. Lastly, the third factor is a good process leader who brings together the DDP and EIA process.
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Ekberg, Sanna, Leila Jafari und Kjellkvist Malin Forsberg. „Attefallskvarter : ett nytt bostadsalternativ?“ Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105419.
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Today, there is a housing shortage in the larger cities. This together with the long housing waiting lists makes it difficult for younger people to make a housing career and invest in a condominium. In 2014, the Swedish Parliament introduced the reform of attefallshus with the aim of reducing the housing shortage in the country and facilitating entry into the housing market. The work studies whether an attefall block can be a favorable housing concept and an example of such a housing concept is designed. The purpose of the study is to analyze which legal obstacles limit a block of attefall houses and whether the housing concept can possibly reduce the housing shortage. To answer the study's purpose and questions, interviews were conducted with experienced people in the field. The results show that very few attefallshus are currently used as dwellings. Instead they have other functions. Furthermore, the results show that the legal obstacles that limit an Attefall block are, according to the study, availability to existing one- or two residential buildings that allows additional buildings of in total 30 on the plot. The interviewees believe that the concept should change the name to single-family neighborhoods and establish detailed development plans specifically for this. The conclusions are that an attefall block will not be economically favorable, is impracticable and not a solution for housing shortages.
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Widemark, Måns, und John Petersson. „Riktlinjer för exploateringsavtal : En innehållsanalys“. Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9882.
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1 januari 2015 infördes en ny paragraf i plan- och bygglagen som säger att de kommuner som avser att ingå exploateringsavtal ska upprätta riktlinjer som anger förutsättningarna för hur dessa avtal skrivs. Riktlinjerna ska ange vilka mål som finns samt hur kostnader, intäkter och andra åtaganden ska fördelas mellan parterna som ingår avtalet. Drygt ett år har gått sedan den nya bestämmelsen infördes och flera av landets kommuner har nu upprättat dessa dokument. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur landets kommuner hittills tillämpat regeln i plan- och bygglagen 6 kap. 39 §. Avsikten är att kartlägga vilka kommuner som har antagit riktlinjer för exploateringsavtal, vad dessa riktlinjer innehåller, hur de är utformade samt vilka åtaganden, intäkts- och kostnadsfördelningar som tydliggörs i dem. Sveriges samtliga 290 kommuner har kontaktats varav 193 kommuner har svarat på frågan om de antagit riktlinjer eller inte. De riktlinjer som har tagits med i studien är de som författarna tillhandahållit mellan datumen 2016-03-16 och 2016-04-16 och som antagits efter lagändringens ikraftträdande, det vill säga efter 2015-01-01. Totalt tillhandahölls 37 antagna riktlinjer. Texten i riktlinjerna kan enligt studien delas upp i följande tre huvudkategorier: - Generell informativ text som inte enbart är knuten till kommunen i fråga - Kommunspecifik informativ text - Text som tydliggör hur kostnader och andra åtaganden ska fördelas mellan kommun och exploatör i exploateringsavtal Den sistnämnda av de tre huvudkategorierna kan delas upp i ytterligare 33 underkategorier för att belysa vilka åtaganden och kostnadsfördelningar som tas upp i de olika riktlinjerna. Studien tyder på att flera kommuner har börjat tillämpa plan- och bygglagen 6 kap. 39 §. Riktlinjernas innehåll och omfattning skiljer sig åt mellan kommunerna. Slutligen tyder resultatet på att de flesta kommuner i sina riktlinjer tydliggör vilka åtaganden och kostnadsfördelningar som gäller mellan kommunen och exploatören vid ingående av ett exploateringsavtal. Ett fåtal av kommunerna tydliggör inte i riktlinjerna vem av kommunen och exploatören som kommer få bekosta eller vidta en åtgärd utan beskriver endast vilka poster av kostnader och andra åtaganden som kommer att behandlas vid själva ingåendet av exploateringsavtal. Ingen av de undersökta riktlinjerna behandlar intäktsfördelning, vilket riktlinjerna ska enligt plan- och bygglagen 6 kap. 39 §.In 1 January 2015 a new paragraph was added to the Swedish planning and building act (PBL). According to the new paragraph, Swedish municipalities, are obliged to establish special guidelines for Land Development Agreements. Almost a year has passed since the new law was incorporated and today has several of the Swedish municipalities adopted the guidelines. The aim of the study is to investigate how the Swedish municipalities, so far, has applied PBL 6:39. The study intends to investigate which of the municipalities that has adopted guidelines, what these guidelines contains, how they are designed and which commitments, gains and costs they regulate. All 290 municipalities were contacted and 193 of them responded wheter they had adopted guidelines or not. The study contains of those guidelines that the authors recieved between 2016-03-16 and 2016-04-16. The study do only refers to guidelines, adopted after 2015-01-01. Totally 37 guidelines were received. According to this study, the texts of the received guidelines could be subdivided into three main categories: - General informative text - Informative text about the municipalities - Text about commitments, benefits and costs The last category was later on divided into 33 subcategories. The study shows that several municipalities have started to apply the new paragraph, but not yet all of them. Finally, most guidelines divides the commitments, gains and costs between the municipality and the land developer. But a few of them only make it clear which commitments, benefits and costs the municipality intends to regulate in a Land Management Agreement. None of the guidelines regulate benefits from land development, even though they are supposed to, according to PBL 6:39.
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Borg, Louise. „Ekosystemtjänster i kommunal planering“. Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för Matematik, Data- och Lantmäteriteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12765.
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År 2018 ska betydelsen av biologisk mångfald och värdet av ekosystemtjänster vara allmänt kända och integreras i ekonomiska ställningstaganden, politiska avväganden och andra beslut i samhället där så är relevant och skäligt. Så lyder ett av etappmålet som beslutades av regeringen år 2012. Idag vet vi att endast delar av målet kommer kunna nås. Denna studie omfattar en kartläggning av begreppet ekosystemtjänst i Sveriges samtliga översiktsplaner och fördjupade översiktsplaner. Vidare har en granskning av tre bostadsbyggnadsprojekt i Stockholms län genomförts, där ekosystemtjänster i planeringen från översiktsplan till genomförande varit fokuspunkt. Av studiens första del, kartläggning av begreppet, framgick det att 116 av 290 kommuner har använt begreppet ekosystemtjänst i sin översiktsplan. De senaste tre åren är det totalt fler antagna översiktsplaner där begreppet behandlas än utan. I studiens andra del granskades översiktsplaner, planhandlingar och genomförandeavtal från projekt i Täby, Nacka och Haninge kommun. Granskningen är baserad på textanalys och platsbesök, resultatet visade att kommunerna har en hög ambition gällande arbetet med ekosystemtjänster. Det finns samband mellan visioner i översiktsplan och bestämmelser i detaljplan. I avtalen för genomförandet av detaljplanerna binds exploatörerna till att arbeta efter gestaltningsprogram och hållbarhetsprogram vilka reglerar hänsynstagandet av ekosystemtjänster. Begreppet ekosystemtjänst används för att visa den nytta människan får från naturens arbete. Vi är beroende av att ekosystemen fortsätter producera tjänster, de är livsviktiga för vår folkhälsa och vårt välbefinnande. Ett gemensamt arbete och hänsynsfullt nyttjande behövs för att säkerställa ekosystemtjänsterna. Det kan resultera i stora samhällsvinster att bevara, utveckla och nyskapa tätortsnära natur och grönområden. Att integrera ekosystemtjänster i den fysiska planeringen är ett steg på vägen. Översiktsplaneringen visar inriktningen för kommunens samhällsplanering och konturerna av den framtida fysiska strukturen, den vägleder kommande detaljplaner och bygglov. Översiktsplanen spelar en nyckelroll för ekosystemtjänsternas framtid eftersom det där finns stora möjligheter att belysa deras mycket betydelsefulla värde. För att uppnå visionerna i översiktsplaneringen krävs möjlighet att förverkliga dessa i detaljplanen. För att säkra ekosystemtjänsternas producerande förmåga krävs en tydlig och ändamålsenlig lagstiftning. Kunskapen och medvetenheten om dess livsviktiga förmåga måste öka. Alla måste se sin del i det gemensamma ansvaret och arbeta för ett hållbart samhälle.In 2018 the meaning of biodiversity and the value of ecosystem services should be general knowledge and integrated into economical standpoints, political considerations and other decisions where relevant and reasonable. This is one of the milestone targets that the Swedish government decided in 2012. We know today that only parts of this target will be reached. This study includes a survey regarding the concept of ecosystem service in Sweden, all the local authority comprehensive planning, and an examination of three housing projects in Stockholm’s county where ecosystem services were the focal point during the comprehensive planning. In the first part of the study, which concentrates on surveying the concept of ecosystem services, it can be shown that 116 of 290 municipalities have been using the concept in their local authority comprehensive planning. Furthermore, the concept is used more often than not during the last three years in local authority comprehensive planning. In the second part of the study the outline planning was examined, plan handlings and implementation contracts from projects in Täby, Nacka and Haninge municipality. The research was based on text analysis and on-site inspection. The results from the research showed that the municipalities have a high ambition regarding working with ecosystem services, and that there exist a correlation between the visions in the local authority comprehensive planning and regulations in the detailed developed plan. In the agreement the developers are bound to work according to implementation contracts and sustainability program which regulate the considerations of ecosystem services. The concept of ecosystem services is used to show which benefits we humans receive from nature’s work. We are dependent on continual ecosystem services, which are also essential to the public health and wellbeing. Joint effort and a considerate use of ecosystem services is needed to keep them intact. It can result in large profit for society to preserve, develop and recreate nature and green areas in population centers. To integrate ecosystem services in the physical planning is a step in the right direction. The local authority comprehensive planning show the direction for the municipality’s community planning, and the outline of the future physical structure, it also serves to guide upcoming detailed development plans and building acts. The local authority comprehensive planning plays a key part in the ecosystem services future, since its importance can be illustrated within. To reach the visions of the local authority comprehensive planning and the opportunity to actualize it in the detailed development plan is required. To secure the continued functionality of the ecosystem services, a clear and purposive legislation is required. An increase in knowledge and awareness of ecosystem services is essential, and everyone must see their part in the in our common responsibility and work toward a sustainable society.
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Marholm, Cecilia. „Investigations during the planning procedure – A case study of six zoning plans“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190973.
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When new buildings are constructed, the municipality create a zoning plan that regulate the land and water use. While creating the zoning plan, the municipality also needs to complete different investigations so that the land can be built on. The effectivity of the municipal planning process is often criticized and some of the criticism is pointed towards the investigations. Investigations take long time and is often contributing to high costs. The aim of this study is therefore to examine what type of investigations that are made before and during the planning process. The result shows that the investigations occurs during three different periods of the planning process; before the process, during the process and after the consultation of the plan. Many of the investigations are common through every plan, however some of them differs depending on the conditions of the building area.Vid ny bebyggelse upprättar kommunen en detaljplan som reglerar mark- och vattenanvändningen. Vid framtagandet av en detaljplan krävs även att olika utredningar görs för att marken ska kunna bebyggas. Effektiviteten av den kommunala planeringsprocessen kritiseras och en del av kritiken är riktad mot utredningar. Utredningarna drar ut på tiden och bidrar ofta med höga kostnader vid upprättande av detaljplaner. I denna studie undersöks därför vilka utredningar som görs, både före och under detaljplaneprocessen. Undersökningen är en fallstudie som behandlar sex detaljplaner i tre olika kommuner. De utvalda detaljplanerna är bostadsområden som har vunnit laga kraft och är upprättade enligt Plan- och bygglagen (2010:900). Resultatet visade att utredningar sker vid tre olika skeden i planprocessen; innan planbesked, under planarbetet och kompletterande utredningar efter samrådet. Många utredningar var liknande i samtliga detaljplaner, men en del skiljde sig beroende på förutsättningarna av planområdet.
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Jakobsson, Daniel. „Förutsättningar inför detaljplanearbetet - Hur påverkar detta processen?“ Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169072.
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Andersson, Karin, und Julia Carmesund. „Handläggningstiden vid bygglov : En studie kring kravet i PBL 9:27“. Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8282.
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Genom 2011 års plan- och bygglag (PBL) infördes krav på handläggningstiden för lov och förhandsbesked, vilket tidigare inte funnits i svensk lagstiftning. Enligt PBL 9:27 ska en ansökan om lov handläggas skyndsamt och sökanden ska meddelas beslut inom tio veckor från det att en komplett ansökan har kommit in till byggnadsnämnden. Syftet med kravet var att effektivisera handläggningsprocessen och minska skillnader i handläggningen mellan olika kommuner. I samband med införandet valde man att inte koppla någon sanktion till kravet med motivet att målet med en effektivare handläggningsprocess skulle uppfyllas ändå. Efter flera anmälningar till JO kan man konstatera att kommunerna i flera fall inte uppfyller kravet på en handläggningstid inom tio veckor. Eftersom det inte finns några sanktioner kopplade till kravet kan kommunerna utan risk ta den tid de anser sig behöva för handläggning. Därigenom motverkas även syftet med en enhetlig bygglovsprövning i Sverige. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur långa handläggningstiderna är vid bygglov. Genom ett omfattande granskningsarbete av bygglovsärenden hos sju kommuner i Västra Götalands län skulle huvudfrågan om kommunerna handläggningstider uppfyller kravet i PBL 9:27 besvaras. Studien avgränsar sig till ärenden från 2014 med åtgärder gällande nybyggnation av byggnad. Materialet sammanställdes i en datamatris för respektive kommun. Utöver datamatrisen fick respektive kommun besvara ett frågeformulär angående arbetsbelastning. Syftet med formuläret var att koppla resultatet från granskningen till hur arbetssituationen såg ut för de anställda under år 2014. Av de 436 granskade ärendena var det 44 ärenden som inte uppfyllde kravet på en handläggningstid inom tio veckor, vilket motsvarar cirka 10 % av antalet granskade ärenden. Av de ärenden som inte uppfyllde kravet i PBL 9:27 var 32 fastigheter belägna inom detaljplan eller områdesbestämmelser och resterande tolv var belägna utanför detaljplanelagt område. Av de 32 ärendena vars fastigheter var belägna inom detaljplan eller områdesbestämmelse innebar 13 ärenden en liten avvikelse från gällande bestämmelser och resterande 19 överensstämde med detaljplanen eller områdesbestämmelserna. Utifrån resultatet är slutsatsen att kommunerna även fortsättningsvis behöver arbeta med sina handläggningstider. Under granskningen noterades även att det brister i kommunernas dokumentation kring viktiga datum och att kommunerna har olika syn på huruvida en ansökan ska anses vara komplett. Förslagsvis bör tydligare riktlinjer upprättas kring dokumentation och när en ansökan ska anses vara komplett.With Swedish planning and building act (PBL) of 2011 a new demand was adopted for handling time before permits and advance rule, called PBL 9:27. Following PBL 9:27 an application for permits shall be processed promptly and the applicant shall be informed of the decision within ten weeks from the moment a complete application has been submitted to the local building committee. Previously this demand had not been included into Swedish law. The purpose of this demand was to speed up the handling time and to reduce differences in handling time between municipalities. When this demand was adopted a decision was made not to connect it with any form of sanction, should the demand not be met. The argument being that a more effective handling time would be met even without sanctions. Following several notifications to the legal ombudsman one may conclude that in several cases, municipalities do not meet the demand for a handling time within ten weeks. While there are no sanctions connected to the demand municipalities, may without any risk, take as much time they fell needed for the handling of each case. Thereby one of the key purposes of PBL 9:27, that is, reduced differences in handling time between municipalities is counteracted. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether handling time in building permit cases are in compliance with PBL 9:27. In order to answer this question building permit cases were examined thoroughly in seven municipalities in Västra Götaland County. The study has focused cases from 2014 and cases pertaining to construction of buildings. The collected information was compiled in one data matrix for each municipality. Beside of the information compiled in the data matrix each municipality answered a questionnaire focusing workload. The purpose of the questionnaire was to relate the results from the investigation of handling time to a possible explanation, that is, the workload of employees during 2014. Out of 436 examined cases 44 did not meet the demand of handling tie within ten weeks, or approximately 10 % of the cases. Of these 44 cases that did not meet PLB 9:27, 32 were real estates that were located within areas regulated by detailed municipal plans and twelve were located outside of planned areas. Out of the 32 real estates located within planned areas 13 accounted for a minor deviance from the detailed municipal plan while 19 were in compliance with the detailed plan and regulation areas. The results indicate that municipalities need to speed up their handling time for building permit cases regulated by PBL 9:27. An additional result of this study is that several municipalities have flaws in relation to documentation of significant dates. Also, municipalities tend to make different assessments of when an application is considered complete. This study suggests that clearer guidelines are adopted pertaining to documentation of cases and the demands for how to assess if an application is complete.
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Josefsson, Simon. „"EFFEKTIVARE PLANPROCESSER - BOSTÄDER PÅ BEKOSTNAD AV MEDBORGARINFLYTANDE?" : - Förändringar i PBL ur en demokratiaspekt“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104230.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine whether law reforms in the detailed planning process can be an aspect that gets in conflict with the citizens rights to participate in the Swedish planning through dialogue, and how five chosen municipalities are working with citizen participation. To be able to answer the aim of the thesis a literature study and five semi-structured interviews was performed in purpose to get wide-ranging information from municipal officials working with detailed planning handling. Law changes that aims to make the detailed planning process more efficient has been implemented partly to satisfy the needs of dwellings since the detailed planning process among master builders seems to be slow and inefficient, which to the them means higher costs. The requirement on having a detailed planning program was taken away when the new planning law was adopted year 2011. The planning program was including a moment of citizen dialogue. The case studied municipalities have not been affected in this law change arguing that it’s still possible to bring a program if needed. 1st of January 2015 new procedures were implemented in the planning process in purpose to make the process more efficient, where most of the respondents argue that the process don’t have to be more efficient because of the reform, but that the room for citizen dialogue will probably be smaller. The best way of dialogue among municipalities is to include citizens early in the communication process. Nevertheless there are divided meanings whether how there is enough room for dialogue.
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Glad, Torbjörn. „Effective urban planning through a - Process-oriented approach“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147651.
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My point in this essay has been to look beyond the regulations governing urban develop-ment - this by focusing on how the laws are interpreted and translated into physical action. Is there room for a more effective organization of urban development? By studying how Nacka municipality in Stockholm County has organized its urban con-struction process has three distinct areas with scope for efficiency improvements been identified. The political role in urban development Increased public dialogue at an early stage in urban development process. Focus political control towards this vision, the early stages and conceptual planning of urban construction. Reduce the number of political detail decisions during the planning process. Purify the division of responsibility between management and policy. Urban planning as a process City development is a process, with several stages. This should be reflected in the planning organization and management. The vision phase before the formal planning process begins and management stage after the implementation stage ends should be more closely integrated into the ur-ban planning process. Knowledge management in urban development Ensure that the right conditions are organizationally for a structured experience- reversal work - regarding quality and IT support, resources, incentives, and under-standing of the importance of the individual to the whole.Min utgångspunkt i denna uppsats har varit att titta bortom regelverken som styr stadsbyg-gandet - detta genom att fokusera på hur lagarna tolkas och omsätts till fysisk handling. Finns det utrymme för en effektivare organisation av stadsbyggandet och dess ingående processer? Genom att studera hur framförallt Nacka kommun har organiserat sin stadsbyggnadspro-cess har tre avgränsade områden med utrymme för effektivisering kunnat utpekas. Den politiska rollen i stadsbyggandet Ökad medborgardialog i tidiga skeden i stadsbyggandet. Fokusera den politiska styrningen mot visionen, tidiga skeden och översiktliga pla-nering av stadsbyggandet. Minska antalet politiska detaljbeslut under planprocessen. Renodla ansvarsfördel-ningen mellan förvaltning och politiken. Stadsbyggandet som en process Stadsbyggandet är en process, med flera ingående skeden. Detta bör speglas i stadsbyggandes organisation och styrning. Idéskedet innan den formella planprocessen börjar och förvaltningsskedet efter ge-nomförandeskedets slut, bör i större utsträckning integreras i stadsbyggnadsproces-sen. Erfarenhetsåterföring i stadsbyggandet Säkerställ att rätt förutsättningar finns organisatoriskt för ett strukturerat erfaren-hetsåterföringsarbete – gällande kvalitets- och IT-stöd, resurser, incitament och för-ståelse av individens betydelse för helheten.
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Blom, Roger, und Annika Höglund. „Konsekvensredovisning vid detaljplanering : En studie av planer enligt nya PBL“. Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för naturvetenskap, lantmäteri- och maskinteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-6458.
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Till stor del bygger samhällsplanering på förändring och utveckling av den fysiska miljön, vilket närboende kan ha olika synpunkter på. För att uppnå acceptans vid en förändring är det viktigt att berörda känner delaktighet i processen samt att informationen är tydlig och begriplig även för den som inte är kunnig inom området. Vid framtagande av en detaljplan ska planbeskrivningen ange de organisatoriska, tekniska, ekonomiska och fastighetsrättsliga åtgärder som krävs för dess tänkta genomförande. För att de berörda fastighetsägarna ska kunna läsa och förstå hur de påverkas av en detaljplan måste planbeskrivningen tydligt och begripligt redovisa det tänkta genomförandets konsekvenser. Syftet med studien är att få svar på i vilken omfattning konsekvensredovisning av genomförandefrågor förekommer och om kraven i 2011 års Plan- och bygglag (PBL) kan anses vara uppfyllda. PBL-kommittén konstaterar år 2005 att beskrivningarna av genomförandet av detaljplaner många gånger är bristfälliga eller saknas helt. Införandet av en ny PBL den 2 maj år 2011 syftade bland annat till att stärka genomförandefrågornas status. I studien undersöktes omfattningen av redovisningen med avseende på organisatoriska, tekniska, ekonomiska och fastighetsrättsliga frågor samt om redovisningen sker summariskt eller fastighetsvis. Studien omfattar 84 detaljplaner från Västra Götalands och Stockholms län som var i granskningsskedet under vecka 14 och 15, år 2014. För att få en bild av tillämpningen av 2011 års PBL 4:33 § skapades 19 frågor. Till dessa frågor togs ett antal kategorier/svarsalternativ fram som användes för att klassificera innehållet i planbeskrivningarna. Resultatet visar att det förekommer en stor variation på omfattningen av konsekvensredovisning i planbeskrivningen. Ett genomsnittligt värde på hur vanligt det är med bristfällig konsekvensredovisning (i de applicerbara fallen) i respektive huvudgrupp ger följande resultat: Organisatoriska frågor: 49 % Tekniska frågor: 30 % Ekonomiska frågor: 68 % Fastighetsrättsliga frågor: 13 % Studien visar också att fastighetsvis redovisning förekommer i mycket begränsad omfattning. Med ovanstående resultat är det tveksamt om ett flertal av detaljplanerna uppfyller lagens krav på redovisning och skulle klara en prövning i domstolCommunity planning is often based on changes and development of the physical environment which local residents may have different opinions on. To achieve acceptance of a change it is important that concerned feel involved in the process and that the information is clear and understandable even for those who are not proficient in the area. Within the process of developing a detail plan a description shall specify the organizational, technical, financial and real estate law actions necessary for its intended implementation. To make it possible for concerned property owners to be able to read and understand how they are affected by a detail plan the description must be clear and comprehensible explain the intended implementation consequences. The purpose of this study is to find out the extent to which impact description of implementation issues exist and if the requirements of Swedish planning and building act (PBL) from 2011 can be considered fulfilled. The PBL Committee noted in 2005 that the description of the implementation of detail plans is often weak or lacking. The introduction of a new PBL May 2, 2011 aimed to strengthen the status of the implementation issues. In the study the extent of the descriptions was examined with respect to organizational, technical, financial and real estate law issues as well as if the description is done summarily or per property. The study includes 84 detail plans from Västra Götaland and Stockholm County who were in the examination phase during weeks 14 and 15, 2014. There were 19 questions created to provide a picture of the application of PBL 4:33 §. A number of categories were created for these questions to classify the content of the plan descriptions. The result shows a large variation in the extent of the content in the plan descriptions. An average value of how common it is with insufficient content of description (in applicable cases) in each division gives the following result: Organizational issues: 49 % Technical issues: 30 % Economic issues: 68 % Real estate law issues: 13 % The study also shows that "per property" reporting occurs in a very limited extent. With the above results, it is doubtful if many of the detail plans meet the legal requirements of description and could withstand a judicial review
Bücher zum Thema "The Swedish Planning and Building Act"
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Sweden. Planning and Building Act. Karlskrona: National Board of Housing Building and Planning, 1994.
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Protection, Center for Watershed. Better site design: An assessment of the better site design, principles for communities, implementing Virginia's Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act. Ellicott City, Md.] (8391 Main St., Ellicott City 21043): [Center for Watershed Protection, 2000.
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Bangladesh. The Town Improvement Act and Building Construction Act =: Nagara Unnaẏana Āina, 1953, Imārata Nirmāṇa Āina, 1952. Ḍhākā: Bāṃlādeśa La'buka Kompānī, 2004.
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Branch, Saskatchewan Municipal Relations Division Community Planning. Building a sustainable future: The Planning and Development Act review : a summary of stakeholder discussions. [Saskatchewan: Saskatchewan Government Relations, 2006.
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(India), Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh (Regulation of Building Operations) Act, 1958 and Uttar Pradesh Urban Planning and Development Act, 1973, together with rules, regulations, orders, and notifications, etc. 4. Aufl. Lucknow: Eastern Book Co., 1986.
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United States. Department of Education. Building on results: A blueprint for strengthening the No Child Left Behind Act. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Education, 2007.
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Committee, New Jersey Legislature General Assembly Energy and Natural Resources. Public hearing before Assembly Energy and Natural Resources Committee: Assembly Bill 2622, the Transfer of Development Rights Act, and Assembly Bill 2992, the Transfer of Development Rights Demonstration Act : November 21, 1986, Burlington County Office Building, Freeholdersʼ Meeting Room, Mount Holly, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1986.
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New Jersey. Legislature. Assembly. County Government and Regional Authorities Committee. Public hearing before Assembly County Government and Regional Authorities Committee on Assembly Bill 3092, designated the "Central Corridor District Development Act," provides for continued development along Route 1 from New Brunswick to Trenton, appropriates $500,000: Held April 1, 1985, Municipal Building, South Brunswick, New Jersey. [Trenton]: The Committee, 1985.
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Kindred, Bob. Study of listed building repairs notices used in England April 1984 to March 1990 under sections 47 to 51 of the Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Little Burstead: The Association, 1992.
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United States Consensus Council Act of 2001: Report of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, to accompany S. 1651 to establish the United States Consensus Council to provide for a consensus building process in addressing national public policy issues, and for other purposes. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
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Sæther, Eva. „The Art(s) of Getting Lost: Halting Places for Culturally Responsive Research Methods“. In The Politics of Diversity in Music Education, 15–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65617-1_2.
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AbstractThis chapter revisits the ideas of radical empiricism and sensuous scholarship, embedded in current music education research. Focusing on the development of methodological implications of cultural responsiveness and arts-based research methods, the chapter argues for epistemic openness. The discussion is located within the author’s own experiences of course development for Swedish music teacher students in Gambia, field studies in multicultural classrooms in Sweden, and research design that includes the fiddle, opening up for music to ask the questions. Borrowing from anthropological research the concepts of radical empiricism and sensuous scholarship, music education researchers might find useful tools to approach project planning, to perform the analysis of the material and to communicate the results in culturally responsive forms that inform both research and praxis. By studying music transmission with culturally sensitive research methods, this chapter suggests possibilities to do more than observing and reporting. There is a possibility to engage with different knowledge systems and politics, in all types of retrieved material – and to generate inclusive knowledge building.
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Fukui, Hideo. „Real Estate and the Legal System of Japan“. In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 3–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_1.
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AbstractIn Part I, entitled Real Estate and the Legal System, we analyze owner-unknown land issues, land acquisitions, and real estate auctions.The use and value of real estate such as land and buildings are significantly affected by public laws and regulations related to urban planning and construction, the environment, and taxation; for example, contract laws such as the Act on Land and Building Leases; private laws regulating torts, collateral enforcement, and so on; tax laws that regulate transfer taxes, ownership taxes, and transaction taxes; and regulations surrounding land use and urban infrastructure development. This paper discusses, therefore, the relationships between these laws and real estate, identifies problems in the laws associated with real estate in Japan, and proposes improvements.First, in recent years, owner-unknown land issues have become a serious concern in Japan. The Japanese registry does not always reflect the actual rightful owner, primarily because such registration is only a perfection requirement in civil law and registration involves a great deal of time and money. For example, because a large extent of land is registered to owners from nearly 100 years ago, it has changed hands many times through inheritance, which means that today, it is extremely difficult to determine the actual owner (inheritor) without spending a great deal of time and money. However, if the profits to be obtained from the land do not justify such expense, the land remains unused as “owner-unknown land.”Buying and selling land under Japanese civil law requires an agreement from all landowners including in the case of shared ownerships; therefore, even if the land has high returns, if it is “owner-unknown land,” it cannot be used effectively. With a focus on unknown-owner land, in this section, four writers provide multifaceted perspectives on the causes thereof, the defects in the current system, and the possible solutions.Eminent domain, the system which allows the acquisition of land against the land owner’s will for public projects, is widely institutionalized in many countries. It works to mitigate the owner-unknown land issues as far as lands are acquired by public projects.Further, real estate auctions are often held when liens are placed on land and/or residences for housing loan defaults. The Japanese civil auction system, which was institutionalized at the end of the nineteenth century, stipulates that a tenancy that is behind on a mortgage may resist a purchase unconditionally as long as the mortgage default period is within 3 years (short-term lease protection system/former Civil Code Article 395). This system was intended to avoid the unstable use of mortgaged properties and to promote the effective use of real estate; however, because the majority of users and the beneficiaries of this system were in fact anti-social groups, it was used to demand money unjustly from debtors and buyers, thus preventing the effective use of the mortgaged properties.When the protection of short-term leases was abolished in 2004, these types of interferences are said to have decreased drastically. However, successful bids for auctioned real estate properties continue to be lower than in general transactions. Therefore, here, we provide a quantitative analysis of these situations and propose further auction system improvements.Below, we introduce the outlines of each theory in Part I.
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Abbey, Robert, und Mark Richards. „7. Town and country planning“. In Property Law 2020-2021, 77–86. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198858409.003.0007.
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Town and country planning legislation aims to control the development of land and buildings. Section 57(1) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 stipulates that ‘planning permission is required for the carrying out of any development of land’. This chapter first discusses the two main elements of town and country planning: (1) obtaining planning permission for new developments; and (2) the change of use of existing properties. It then explains breaches of planning control and enforcement; building regulations; and typical planning enquiries. A town and country planning decision tree is also presented.
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Abbey, Robert, und Mark Richards. „7. Town and country planning“. In Property Law 2019-2020, 77–86. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198838531.003.0007.
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Town and country planning legislation aims to control the development of land and buildings. Section 57(1) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 stipulates that ‘planning permission is required for the carrying out of any development of land’. This chapter first discusses the two main elements of town and country planning: (1) obtaining planning permission for new developments; and (2) the change of use of existing properties. It then explains breaches of planning control and enforcement; building regulations; and typical planning enquiries. A town and country planning decision tree is also presented.
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Richards, Mark. „7. Town and Country Planning“. In Property Law, 79–89. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192844309.003.0007.
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Town and country planning legislation aims to control the development of land and buildings. Section 57(1) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 stipulates that ‘planning permission is required for the carrying out of any development of land’. This chapter first discusses the two main elements of town and country planning: (1) obtaining planning permission for new developments; and (2) the change of use of existing properties. It then explains breaches of planning control and enforcement; building regulations; and typical planning enquiries. A town and country planning decision tree is also presented.
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Aszkielowicz, Dean. „Building a Case against the War Criminals“. In The Australian Pursuit of Japanese War Criminals, 1943-1957. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390724.003.0003.
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Long before the Second World War ended, the Allies were planning to prosecute Axis war criminals, including both those in positions of leadership and the perpetrators of individual crimes. There was no standing war crimes court at the end of the Second World War, however, and the post-war trials were a watershed in international law. For the trials at Nuremberg and Tokyo, Allied planners drew on the development of international humanitarian law and international agreements signed by the combatants over the decades preceding the war. The vast majority of war criminals who were prosecuted did not face the court at Nuremberg or Tokyo: they appeared before national military tribunals which were conducted according to each prosecuting country’s war crimes law. The Australian War Crimes Act passed through the parliament in October 1945, shortly before trials began.
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Halim, Azhar Abdul, und Siti Hafizan Hassan. „Legislation for Solid Waste Management“. In Waste Management, 1268–86. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch057.
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The legal and institutional framework, as well as the international trends in solid waste management, serves as the basis for the formulation of a policy framework that seeks to improve solid waste management (SWM) practices in the future. Recently, SWM has become a global concern, especially for urban environments such as Malaysia, whose economy could potentially be adversely affected. To address these issues, the authors has reviewed several laws, including the Federal Constitution 1957; Local Government Act (Act 171) 1976; Town and Country Planning Act (Act 127) 1976; Environmental Quality Act (Act 127) 1974; Street, Drainage, and Building Act (Act 133) 1974; and Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007. Relevant international norms and principles at the federal, state, and local levels have also been reviewed. Exploring this topic generates an overview of SWM implementation in the context of Malaysia and the rest of the world.
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„Building Representations in Motivated Learning“. In Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind, 203–42. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5653-5.ch007.
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If an intelligent system is to benefit from prior experiences, then such a system must have the ability to learn. Learning must lead to the gathering of new knowledge of increased complexity and is based on the exploration of the world and social interactions. In this chapter authors describe building representations in motivated learning, a process that is close to learning by natural systems and yields better learning results in artificial systems than reinforcement learning. An embodied agent's mission is to survive in an unfavorable environment. The agent must have needs whose fulfillment is a measure of its success – survival. Meeting these needs require physical and mental efforts, and the development of useful skills is associated with the development of intelligence. The agent's environment must provide conditions in which individuals will be subjected to pressure from an environment in which better solutions, greater skills, and broader knowledge count. The agent treats unmet needs as signals to act. The strength of these signals depends on the degree of unmet needs so that the agent can differentiate between them and compared them. Various need signals provide motivation for action and control the learning process. In complex environments, there are rules that regulate the relationships between objects. By discovering these rules, the machine gains knowledge about the environment. Knowledge is represented by building connections between neurons in semantic memory. New concepts, objects, needs, or motor skills are represented by adding new memory cells and by associating them with other concepts, actions, and needs. Whether or not a new object or idea is created in semantic memory depends on the mechanism of novelty detection. The more time an agent spends on working or playing with an object, the better it learns the object's physical properties and how to use it. The intended use of objects determines characteristic features needed to classify them. Initially, semantic memory does not store any concepts, does not know places, does not recognize any objects, and does not support any activities or motivations. New concepts or representations of objects emerge from observation and manipulation of objects. A virtual agent's semantic memory obtains symbolic representations of objects and their location or movement in the observed scene. The focus of perceptual attention may result from detection of novelty, change, movement, signal intensity, or meaning in the context of needs. Attention should be focused long enough for the working memory to evaluate how much observed object or considered plan is useful. The focus of attention must also be accompanied by the possibility of switching attention. The attention switching responds to various types of signals, from sensory stimuli through planning and monitoring of performed activities to associative activation of memory. It results from constant rivalry between these signals for attention.
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Usoro, Abel. „The Place of ICT in Global Planning“. In Advances in Global Information Management, 136–49. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-43-3.ch010.
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There is a general agreement in the literature that social, technological, political, cultural, and economic factors encourage a greater number of businesses to globalize their operations and markets. To operate in more than one market or country involves complexity on a larger scale than to operate locally. The complexity is combined with increasing risks, a faster pace of change, and the difficulties of managing an organization in more than one country. Information and communication technologies (ICT) act not only as an imperative to globalize but also as a potential tool to help global managers to plan, and yet there is no conclusive study that these technologies are adequately providing assistance. Indeed, existing studies suggest that there is much room for improvement. At the same time, there is no coherent and well-tested theory to explain or predict the use of information and communication technologies for global planning. To bridge the knowledge gap, this paper presents a causal model that groups predictor variables of the use of ICT in global planning under organizational, ICT, personal, and infrastructural factors. It also reports on a pilot study in which one hundred questionnaires were distributed to multinational companies in the United Kingdom (UK) and in South Africa (SA) to collect information to examine the role of ICT in global planning using the model. The result suggested among others that the Internet forms the most popular platform for building global planning tools. Factors most important to managers include the provision of timely information, provision of report and presentation facilities, and support for group working and alternative (highly summarized and detailed) views of information. On the other hand, managers appear not to be very satisfied with the provision of technology for global planning, partly because it does not adequately provide for creativity needed in global planning. Recommendations are made based on the findings, and areas for further research to enhance the validity of the model are highlighted.
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Andersson, Magnus, und Rikard Lindgren. „Inscribing Interpretive Flexibility of Context Data in Ubiquitous Computing Environments“. In Emerging Pervasive and Ubiquitous Aspects of Information Systems, 63–81. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-487-5.ch005.
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Ubiquitous computing environments grant organizations a multitude of dynamic context data emanating from embedded and mobile components. Such data may enhance organizations’ understanding of the different contexts in which they act. However, extant IS literature indicates that the utility of context data is frequently hampered by a priori interpretations of context embodied within the acquiring technologies themselves. Building on a 5-year canonical action research study within the Swedish transport industry, this paper reports an attempt to shift the locus of interpretation of context data by rearranging an assemblage of embedded, mobile, and stationary technologies. This was done by developing a vertical standard as a means to inscribe interpretive flexibility of context data. With the objective to extend the current understanding of how to enable cross-organizational access to reinterpretable context data, the paper contributes with an analysis of existing design requirements for context-aware ecosystems. This analysis reveals the complexity of accomplishing collaborative linkages between socio-technical elements in ubiquitous computing environments, and highlights important implications for research and practice.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "The Swedish Planning and Building Act"
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Kavaliauskas, Donatas, und Leonidas Sakalauskas. „Conceptual model of productivity bot for smart construction planning“. In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.003.
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One of the most important tasks in modern construction is to build a building according to the desired time schedule. This requires a timetable for the construction stages processes. The schedule is also easy to adapt and to plan the renovation of a building or maintenance works. Without a good schedule site manager cannot effectively handle construction area processes. The solution to this problem is the proposed productivity bot concept based on metaheuristic algorithms. Metaheuristic algorithms allow to improve the construction planning process schedules compared with conventional planning methods and equipment. The results of testing with construction planning data has shown that the metaheuristic algorithm achieved the main improvements during the first planning optimization stages. The proposed concept is expected to present results that are close to the optimal timetable and surpass classical methods for scheduling. Productivity bots act as a software engine complementing with the organization of construction or automation functionality. Productivity bot is designed to manage building processes. It is intended for automated planning of construction stages schedules according to construction technologies.
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Widzisz-Pronobis, Sylwia, und Grzegorz Pronobis. „Analysis of the local communities focused around improving the quality of urban space on the example of activities in public spaces and cultural activities in Bytom“. In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ahui9144.
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Bytom is a polish, post-industrial city which is looking for a new vision of the future. City dwellers are between a history related to coal and new challenges. It is not easy for them to understand that industry is a thing of the past and you need to look for yourself and your identity again. Groups of social leaders are trying to show a different picture of the city and engage more and more people to act for the city. Building the city's identity and new image are basic ideas. However, in the era of global discussion about climate change and the technologization of city life, it becomes important to become aware of the role of greenery and community. In the article I want to show how Bytom social activists promote and animate the local community in the spirit of collectivism and improving the quality of life in the city. The assumption of the described groups was the maximum involvement of residents in activities to improve the space in Bytom. In the article I want to show what tools they used and what effects they obtained. Particularly important here are activities that contribute to making the community aware of the role of greenery and pedestrian space. The effects of social activities show more clearly how important are strong communities opposing local authorities and supporting good investment decisions. Analysis of the activities of social groups showed how important local leaders play and how various methods and tools used by them gave measurable effects in the city space. The bottom-up activity helped to understand the advantages of a pedestrian city, which is Bytom, and to show how little it takes for the city to gain a new image.
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Furukawa, Keita, und Keita Furukawa. „MODEL SITES EXERCISES FOR ICM IMPLEMENTATION IN JAPAN“. In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431529a956.
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The basic act on ocean policy has been enacted since 2007 in Japan, and the basic plan on ocean policy has been endorsed by cabinet originally in 2008, and revised in 2013. The Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) is stated as one of basic measures in the basic act and one of measures the government should take comprehensively in the basic plan. Within the revised basic plan, a clear message of government to “offer assistance to regions” that strive to formulate their own plans (for comprehensively manage land areas and marine zones together) has been discrived. Nevertheless, specific measures by government are not yet implemented in sufficient level. The Ocean Policy Research Institute have set up 5 model sites with collaborative local governments. Since 6 years exercises, ICM implementation processes has been grouped in 5 phases namely, 1) situation understanding, 2) consensus building, 3) ICM planning, 4) adaptive implementation and 5) post assessment process. Variation of phases and necessary assistances will be discrived based on case studies. One of typical example is a collaborative capacity building course with OPRI and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourisms (MLIT). It can be an activating event for ICM implementation, and enforcement of local-national network.
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Furukawa, Keita, und Keita Furukawa. „MODEL SITES EXERCISES FOR ICM IMPLEMENTATION IN JAPAN“. In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9410f28ed2.51624025.
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The basic act on ocean policy has been enacted since 2007 in Japan, and the basic plan on ocean policy has been endorsed by cabinet originally in 2008, and revised in 2013. The Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) is stated as one of basic measures in the basic act and one of measures the government should take comprehensively in the basic plan. Within the revised basic plan, a clear message of government to “offer assistance to regions” that strive to formulate their own plans (for comprehensively manage land areas and marine zones together) has been discrived. Nevertheless, specific measures by government are not yet implemented in sufficient level. The Ocean Policy Research Institute have set up 5 model sites with collaborative local governments. Since 6 years exercises, ICM implementation processes has been grouped in 5 phases namely, 1) situation understanding, 2) consensus building, 3) ICM planning, 4) adaptive implementation and 5) post assessment process. Variation of phases and necessary assistances will be discrived based on case studies. One of typical example is a collaborative capacity building course with OPRI and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourisms (MLIT). It can be an activating event for ICM implementation, and enforcement of local-national network.
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Wang, Yong-Yi, Ming Liu, David Horsley, Mamdouh Salama und Millan Sen. „Overall Framework of Strain-Based Design and Assessment of Pipelines“. In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33745.
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Significant progress has been made in recent years in the development of tensile and compressive strain capacity models. These models, along with various methods of strain demand determination, form the basic building blocks for the strain-based design and assessment (SBDA) of pipelines. At the same time, gaps exist between the current industry practice and the data needed for the proper application of those models. Furthermore the current practice of independently determining the tensile strain capacity, compressive strain capacity, and strain demand may not accurately represent field conditions as these elements interact and influence each other as opposed to act independently. Key elements related to SBDA are provided for the planning and execution of life-time integrity management of pipelines subjected to high longitudinal strains. The paper places emphasis on two aspects of SBDA: (1) overall framework and (2) considerations that are not adequately covered in the current general industry practices. The entire processes of SBDA, including but not limited to design, material specifications, construction, post-construction field monitoring, and mitigation are covered at high-levels to assist decision-making in practical projects. Detailed methodologies for executing components of SBDA are not covered in this paper, but can be found in the cited references.
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Sachakamol, Punnamee, und Liming Dai. „Noise Prediction Model Development for the Traffic Noise on Asphalt Rubber Roads“. In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13327.
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Traffic noise prediction techniques are important tools for assessing the effects of noise mitigation. A number of noise prediction models are available for predicting noise levels at a receptor point. Traditionally, these noise predictions are limited to road side areas, where the effects of building and other infrastructure act as a barrier impediment to noise propagation are not considered. This paper describes the application of simulation and modeling of a simplified traffic noise prediction method based on the U.S. FWHA highway and existing traffic noise prediction models. The simplification has been achieved mainly by using the assumption that traffic flow speeds of various vehicle classes are correlated and similar in magnitude Also, an assumption is made that ground attenuation depends not only on the type of ground cover but also on a horizontal distance between the source and the receiver. Finally, the research intends to numerically evaluate the tire-pavement noise of the road with Asphalt Rubber (AR) pavement to minimize the traffic noise generated by the pavement. The application of simulation and modeling by packaged software will be introduced for utilizing the results, planning purposes and preliminary prediction of the traffic noise level on the AR pavement road section in Saskatchewan. This traffic noise prediction model will be simple to use by any end users, particularly environmental planners, acoustic engineers, and non-specialists.
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Nixon, Jeannette K., und Karen L. Etherington. „Development and Implementation of the NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Conservation and Reclamation Standard“. In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2114.
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Currently, under Alberta’s Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act and regulations, all pipelines transporting natural gas with an index of 2690 or greater require an approval (Conservation and Reclamation Approval) for the conservation and reclamation activities associated with construction and reclamation of a pipeline. Administratively, Alberta Environmental Protection considers a pipeline requiring an Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act approval as a “Class 1” pipeline. The index is a calculation of length of pipe (in kilometers) multiplied by the outside pipe diameter (in millimeters). NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) has developed and implemented a Conservation & Reclamation (C&R) Standard to streamline the provincial C&R Application process. By re-formatting the currently accepted C&R Application into a Standard document, textual information submitted for an individual project has been reduced, without affecting the quality of environmental planning. The Standard document compiles NGTL’s environmental standard practices and mitigative measures undertaken for all pipelines. It also explains NGTL’s decision-making processes during the design phase of a project. The project-specific document presents issue focused site-specific environmental details in a simplified format The C&R Standard in combination with the project-specific submission form the NGTL C&R Application. NGTL’s C&R Standard was developed within a concept which uses key building blocks to achieve industry accountability. This concept requires an organization to have performance measurement tools in place, and to demonstrate commitment to that performance in order to earn public confidence. Once this confidence is established and maintained, an organization can realize industry accountability. Considering this concept, NGTL leveraged past performance and experience by documenting our consistent approach to pipeline design, and our performance measurement criteria into the C&R Standard. Fundamental to the development of the Standard was NGTL’s Platform Design Concept. Initially this design concept was adopted as an integral component of NGTL’s business need to reduce and streamline internal processes. This concept was then applied to external processes in an effort to meet business needs. The Standard includes two primary components, Guiding Principles and Platforms. By combining NGTL Guiding Principles (‘What’ and ‘Why’) and NGTL Platforms (‘How’), the Concept provides a systematic design guide for all projects that allows NGTL to make the right decisions based on the right design criteria. NGTL submitted the C&R Standard document to Alberta Environmental Protection for review in July 1997 and is currently implementing the Standard for all C&R Applications. This paper describes the development of the document as well as the implementation process and experience of the Standard.
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Ene, Daniela. „Preliminary Waste Management Plan of European Spallation Source“. In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96154.
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The European Spallation Source (ESS) is the European common effort in designing and building a next generation large-scale user facility for studies of the structure and dynamics of materials. The proposed schematic layout of the ESS facility is based on a linear driver (linac) directing the proton beam (5 MW of 2.5 GeV) of 2.8 ms long pulses with a 20 Hz on a tungsten target where neutrons are produced via spallation reactions. Further the neutrons will be moderated to thermal and subthermal energies in a couple of moderators placed around the target. The moderators feed 22 beamlines guiding the neutrons to the scattering instruments, mainly for neutron scattering research, as has been previously mentioned. The objective of this work is to develop a waste management plan for ESS facility. In this respect two important aspects are analyzed. First the present status of the problem is outlined as follow. Estimate types and quantities of waste that the ESS project will generate at different stages: commission, operation, decommissioning were derived using: i) precise Monte Carlo calculations ii) scaling the activity from the operation experience of the existing spallation source installations for waste such it is difficult to predict level of activation or for components of the facility in stage of the pre-conceptual model. Associated waste treatment/conditioning options and final disposal route were further analyzed in order to define the waste type and packet descriptions in agreement with Swedish regulations and policy. It was found that the compilation of completely new waste type descriptions for qualification of the ESS waste for disposal will be necessary. Particular attention was devoted to “problematic waste” as Beryllium reflector, C-14 from graphite used as core zone of the beam-dump and collimators or waste arising from the purification systems of both Helium and water cooling circuits. Management of waste on ESS site: collection/segregation systems, characterization system, storage options, is also described. In the second step, the acquired information is used for planning and implementing actions involving all participants (ESS, treatment facility operator, disposal operator, regulatory body and other authorized authorities).
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "The Swedish Planning and Building Act"
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Jung, Jacob, Stephanie Hertz und Richard Fischer. Summary of Collaborative Wildlife Protection and Recovery Initiative (CWPRI) conservation workshop : Least Bell’s Vireo. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42102.
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This special report summarizes the regional workshop held 24–26 April 2018 at the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Ecological Services Office in Carlsbad, California on the importance of collaboration among federal, state, and nongovernmental agencies to facilitate the recovery of threatened and endangered species (TES). This workshop focused primarily on one species, the least Bell’s vireo (LBVI), and how to achieve full recovery and eventual delisting through agency partnerships. A major theme of the workshop was applying the Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7(a)(1) conservation planning process as a building block towards recovery of LBVI—as well as other threatened, endangered, and at-risk riparian species within the Southwest. The main objective of this workshop was to assemble an interagency and interdisciplinary group of wildlife biologists and managers to detail how the Section 7(a)(1) conservation planning approach, in consultation with the USFWS, can assist in the recovery of LBVI primarily on federal lands but also other public and private lands. Goals of this workshop were to (1) review Section 7(a)(1); (2) outline LBVI ecosystem processes, life history, threats, and conservation solutions; and (3) develop and organize agency commitments to collaborative conservation practices.
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Braun, Lindsay, Jesus Barajas, Bumsoo Lee, Rebecca Martin, Rafsun Mashraky, Shubhangi Rathor und Manika Shrivastava. Construction of Pedestrian Infrastructure along Transit Corridors. Illinois Center for Transportation, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-004.
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The availability and quality of pedestrian infrastructure play key roles in enabling access to transit. Many transit operators face challenges in facilitating this access, however, because they lack land use authority and encounter other institutional and programmatic impediments to effecting changes in the pedestrian environment. This report identifies the barriers to pedestrian access to transit in suburban communities located in the Pace Suburban Bus service area in northeastern Illinois and suggests potential solutions to overcome these barriers. The research team led several activities to collect data, including: conducting an academic literature review; reviewing pedestrian plans, policies, and programs in the region; surveying and interviewing key stakeholders; reviewing pedestrian funding sources; surveying and conducting case studies of peer transit agencies; conducting physical audits of pedestrian infrastructure; and interviewing residents of six municipalities about their transit access experiences. Lack of adequate funding, difficulties planning across jurisdictional boundaries, and conflicts in transportation priorities are major impediments to building pedestrian infrastructure. While planners and decision-makers tend to value pedestrian planning, challenges such as funding constraints and the need to retrofit suburban infrastructure are key barriers to implementation. Peer transit agencies face similar barriers to Pace and use strategies such as plan and policy development, diverse funding opportunities, and collaborative partnerships with stakeholder agencies and advocacy groups to overcome these barriers. Transit riders generally reported positive experiences with pedestrian access to transit in their communities. Many locations had robust infrastructure, but common deficiencies included poor sidewalk connectivity, incomplete crossings, lack of lighting and transit shelters, and deficiencies in Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) infrastructure. A suite of policy recommendations for Pace and other partners that focus on planning, policy, funding, interagency coordination, education and training, infrastructure prioritization, and transit amenities address the full range of physical and institutional barriers identified in the research.