Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „The Kirati Khambu Rai“

The aim of this study is to investigate the khambus of Nepal with the focus on the ancestral rites clan and culture. The Khambu Rais or Rais are one of the most ancient indigenous ethnolinguistic groups of Nepal. who used to live in wallo kirant and majh kirant for particular reason. khambus are nature worshippers. Culture is something that people actively create, and it soon helps to shape a population’s sense of self. The myths, tales, shared origin, and cultural history helped to validate and solidify the group’s identity. In this article, stated about khambus and their traditional culture and rituals, despite the fact that they currently incorporate various mainstream religions and rituals. Khambuwan is called majh Kiratand wallo Kirat. khambus called Kirat Rai. Kirata is a generic term for Mongoloids and thus was used in numerous Sanskrit and classical texts as well as some Indian epigraphs. ‘Rai’ is a derivative of Raja. This title is said to have been conferred on the Khambu chiefs by Prithivinarayan shah after the Gorkha conquest of Khambuwan, Although the Khambu are typically thought of as a single organization, a look at their background would show that they actually consist of countless smaller groupings known as thars. Based on their social structure. The Khambu are examined for their differences and similarities in this essay. The Khambu society’s cultural facets can be revealed by an effort to comprehend the intricate nature and operation of the thars and rituals. This study, Philosophy. Uses interpritivism because it retains the purpose of understanding and interpret a research perspective on the sources and factor about khambu society and it’s culture and clan. Nature of Sources of data will be qualitative. Fact will be analysis by primary and secondary sources. Finding of this essay is khambu are still existence with unity in diversity clan by culture.

Rai is an indigenous people and decedent of Kirati dynasty, inhabitant of eastern part of Nepal. It is known as Kirat Pradesh before the unification of Nepal. Now, Kirat Pradesh is became political word in Nepal for name of province number 1 but not endorse till present. The Chamling Rai society is comprised different interdependent parts and units as like religion, culture, economy, polity, educational etc. Kirat religion is a part of Rai community constituted by the different units and interdepended among different parts. The Chamling word Nachhung (shaman) is called priest of the Kirat religion. So, this article focuses on the Nachhung who is the Rai priest, shaman and healer as functional unit of theRai society. The main research questions if how the Nachhung plays function as the being part of Rai society and contribute to existence of Rai society as whole. It explores the interdependence of Nachhung on other parts like rite and ritual, marriage, feast and festival, community, health, social and religious activities.

Dumi is a less described Kirati language of the Rai group. The word order phenomenon in this language is of SOV pattern. This language exhibits a consistently ergative-absolutive case marking system. Including the glottal stop, there are 26 consonants and seven phonemic vowels in Dumi. The maximum syllable structure is (C1) (C2) (G) V (X), where G is a glide and ‘X’ is a consonant or a vowel. Dumi children are compelled to read and write in Nepali or English. However, the Dumi language will survive if the Dumi people continue to speak, read and write in their mother tongue.

Halesi is one of the most important pilgrimage tourism destinations of eastern Nepal. The purpose of this study is to highlight the culture, religion, belief, ritual, pilgrims’ behavior, ‘metempsychosis’ (story, legend and myth) and heritage of the Hindu, Tibetan Buddhist and Kirati (Rai) communities through the traditions (great and little tradition or textual, oral and transcendental cultural tradition) that play an important role for shaping the universe of power, place and people. Apart from these aspects of culture in Halesi, this research investigates how pilgrimage site has been commoditized into tourism destination which is what pilgrimage tourism talks about. This is a preliminary study of pilgrimage tourism in Halesi, Khotang, Nepal and provides room for further exploration. This study uses qualitative grounded theory to analyse pilgrimage tourism in Halesi, Khotang, which is a polyethnic pilgrimage place for three diverse groups with the respective religious beliefs executing holy rituals in accordance with their own customs. In order to carry out the research, a fieldwork was done for 38 days in Halesi. Data were gathered from different respondents including key informants, locals, hoteliers, priests, lamas, pilgrims, and visitors. The major data sources were open-ended inquiries and informal conversations. Halesi is found gradually transforming on several infrastructural development both in religion and tourism and is becoming a destination for pilgrims as well as non-pilgrims (secular tourists). As a result, the holy site attracted more numbers of pilgrims, thereby improving the economic situation of the local communities who were involved in the tourism industry which began to attract the attention of different stakeholders when they were able to know the significance of Halesi as a polyethnic pilgrimage tourism destination. It is noteworthy to quote “a tourist is half a pilgrim, if a pilgrim is half a tourist”.