Thematische Bibliographien / The concept of certainty

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „The concept of certainty“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "The concept of certainty"

Alper, Brian S., Peter Oettgen, Ilkka Kunnamo, Alfonso Iorio, Mohammed Toseef Ansari, M. Hassan Murad, Joerg J. Meerpohl et al. „Defining certainty of net benefit: a GRADE concept paper“. BMJ Open 9, Nr. 6 (Juni 2019): e027445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027445.

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Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology is used to assess and report certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations. This GRADE concept article is not GRADE guidance but introduces certainty of net benefit, defined as the certainty that the balance between desirable and undesirable health effects is favourable. Determining certainty of net benefit requires considering certainty of effect estimates, the expected importance of outcomes and variability in importance, and the interaction of these concepts. Certainty of net harm is the certainty that the net effect is unfavourable. Guideline panels using or testing this approach might limit strong recommendations to actions with a high certainty of net benefit or against actions with a moderate or high certainty of net harm. Recommendations may differ in direction or strength from that suggested by the certainty of net benefit or harm when influenced by cost, equity, acceptability or feasibility.

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Gribova, Evangelina. „The principle of legal certainty: concept and main characteristics“. Advances in Law Studies 9, Nr. 3 (07.10.2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2021-9-3-16-20.

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The article is devoted to the disclosure of the concept of legal certainty, the problem of finding certainty in law since the emergence of legal conflicts and legal disputes is often associated with the search for certainty in the law. It is advisable to find out whether the principle of legal certainty is a principle of law or is it of a non-legal nature.

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Martí, Louis, Francis Mollica, Steven Piantadosi und Celeste Kidd. „Certainty Is Primarily Determined by Past Performance During Concept Learning“. Open Mind 2, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2018): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00017.

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Prior research has yielded mixed findings on whether learners’ certainty reflects veridical probabilities from observed evidence. We compared predictions from an idealized model of learning to humans’ subjective reports of certainty during a Boolean concept-learning task in order to examine subjective certainty over the course of abstract, logical concept learning. Our analysis evaluated theoretically motivated potential predictors of certainty to determine how well each predicted participants’ subjective reports of certainty. Regression analyses that controlled for individual differences demonstrated that despite learning curves tracking the ideal learning models, reported certainty was best explained by performance rather than measures derived from a learning model. In particular, participants’ confidence was driven primarily by how well they observed themselves doing, not by idealized statistical inferences made from the data they observed.

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Lo, Alice, und Maree J. Abbott. „Self-concept certainty in adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists“. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 10, Nr. 2 (01.04.2019): 204380871984345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043808719843455.

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The present study examined the content of self-related beliefs (i.e., the self-concept) and the level of certainty associated with these beliefs (i.e., self-concept certainty) across adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism. A sample of 103 university students (26 adaptive perfectionists, 28 maladaptive perfectionists, and 49 non-perfectionists) completed a series of questionnaires and a reaction-timed computer task assessing their self-concept content and level of self-concept certainty. Results revealed significant differences in the content of self-beliefs about personality attributes between perfectionist groups, such that those classified as adaptive perfectionists held more positive beliefs and less negative-related beliefs about their personality attributes when compared to maladaptive perfectionists. Results regarding self-concept certainty were less clear, with adaptive perfectionists being most certain in general on self-report measures, but more certain for positive personality attributes only when compared to maladaptive perfectionists on a reaction-timed decision-making task. Findings from the present study are discussed in terms of the way that self-concept certainty may differ across adaptive and maladaptive subtypes of perfectionists.

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Samjetsabam, Michael. „Moral Certainty of Faculty of Reason in Descartes’ Discourse“. Tattva Journal of Philosophy 13, Nr. 2 (01.07.2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.26.1.

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In this paper, I have made an attempt to understand the concept of moral certainty in Descartes’ philosophy. This concept has not received much attention in the Cartesian scholarship. I argue that Descartes entertains a certainty, called moral certainty, which is a lesser certainty than metaphysical certainty, which we see in his text, Meditations. Only a few Cartesian scholars have talked about this concept in relation to other areas in Descartes’ philosophy. In this paper, I draw a relationship between the concept of moral certainty and the faculty of reason in the context of Descartes’ text, Discourse. I argue that Descartes entertains the testimonies of learned men when it comes to practical or moral matters, arguing that their testimonies guarantee moral certainty. I argue that Descartes claims, in the Discourse, that human beings are endowed with the faculty of reason on the basis of moral certainty.

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Ficsor, Krisztina. „The Uncertain Concept of Legal Certainty“. Archiv fuer Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 107, Nr. 2 (2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/arsp-2021-0014.

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Wilson, Judith K., und Ronald M. Rapee. „Self-concept certainty in social phobia“. Behaviour Research and Therapy 44, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.01.006.

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Meulder, Constance De. „Certainty as Insanity“. Sartre Studies International 28, Nr. 1 (01.06.2022): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2022.280103.

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I examine the Lacanian concept of misrecognition (méconnaissance) by comparing it with the Sartrean notion of bad faith (mauvaise foi). I focus on Jacques Lacan’s 1946 article ‘Presentation on Psychical Causality’ in which Lacan criticises organicist psychology for misrecognising the cause of madness to be essentially organic and consequently failing to distinguish between ‘mad’ and ‘true’ ideas. I argue that bad faith, discussed by Jean-Paul Sartre in Being and Nothingness in 1943—and referred to six times in the Écrits by Lacan—has essential similarities with misrecognition in the Lacanian sense. By juxtaposing these concepts, I argue that this early Lacanian text is marked by an existentialist attitude which views human reality—and madness—as meaningful and grounded in being.

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Smorodynskyi, Viktor. „Legal Certainty“. Philosophy of law and general theory of law, Nr. 2 (22.12.2021): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2707-7039.2.242858.

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Legal certainty is considered in the paper not only as one of the general principles of law and one of the requirements of the Rule of Law, but also as a fundamental feature and condition of the significance of law and its instrumental value in general. In this regard, the definitions of the Rule of Law conception and the lists of its components proposed by Western philosophers and theorists of law and by the Venice Commission are analyzed. Elements of the principle of legal certainty such as legislation and case law accessibility, legal acts’ predictability, principles of case law unity, legitimate expectations, res judicata, the European concept of autonomous interpretation and the American doctrine of uncertainty of law are covered. By analyzing and synthesizing theoretical concepts of the principle of legal certainty, the practice of its interpretation and application by European and national courts, the connections between it and other general principles of law (in particular – principles of legality and reasonableness), this principle plays a key role in the Rule of Law implementation in the national legal system.

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Asmorowati, RR Meiti. „KONSEP KEPENTINGAN UMUM DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM“. Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 6, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v6i1.1014.

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The debate arises regarding the meaning of the concept of public interest. The concept of public interest changes, not the same/different so it is not clear, not firm and not standard, both in regulations, in the opinion of experts, in court decisions, and the implementation of land acquisition. As a result of the concept of public interest is interpreted differently, namely interpreted in the interests of the private, business (commercial) and financiers to seek maximum profits. The research approach used is juridical normative, with the nature of descriptive-analytical research. The research source uses secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the first research are the concept of public interest in land acquisition, that the concept of public interest is regulated in several laws and regulations, in the opinion of experts, court decisions, and implementation of non-standard land acquisition. The concept of public interest in Article 1 Number (6) of Law No. 2 of 2012 is not clear. For this reason, the concept of public interest is made standard so that it is not interpreted differently, that is, interpreted for business purposes in the context of seeking profit. If interpreted for business purposes, it is not useful for everyone, including the community and the state. The results of the research of the two concepts of public interest in the land acquisition are related to legal certainty, that the concept of public interest is regulated in several laws and regulations, in the opinion of experts, court decisions, and the implementation of non-standard land acquisition, then there is no legal certainty. The concept of public interest in Article 1 Number (6) of Law No. 2 of 2012 is unclear which ultimately does not provide legal certainty. The meaning of legal certainty is order, what is allowed, and what is not allowed. To guarantee legal certainty, the concept of public interest in the article is added to the element of public interest that is not for business purposes, so that the article is in the interest of the nation, state, and society as much as possible for the prosperity of the people and not for business. Keywords : Public Interest, Land Acquisition, Benefit Principle.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "The concept of certainty"

LO, ALICE. „Self-Concept Certainty in Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19743.

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Typically defined as a personality trait that is characterised by the setting of exceedingly high performance standards and overly critical self-evaluation tendencies, perfectionism has been associated with an increased risk for a variety of psychopathology, including anxiety disorders, depression, and eating disorders. However, due to the various ways in which the achievement-based construct has been defined and conceptualised in the literature, questions remain about its nature, structure, measurement, specific maintaining factors, and treatment. For example, it is unclear as to the extent to which dimensions of perfectionism are considered “functional” and “pathological” and more importantly, the nature of the relationship between the more adaptive facets of perfectionism and unfavourable performance situations (e.g., situations that imply a failure to meet performance expectations or standards). The present thesis had three broad aims. First, to investigate potential measurement issues with self-report instruments commonly used to assess multidimensional perfectionism. Second, the present research focused on broadening understanding of the cognitive, affective, and behavioural constructs that underlie both adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism, and particularly how these are impacted during performance situations. Third, this thesis sought to gain a better understanding of the role of self-relevant constructs (i.e., self-concept and self-concept certainty) across adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism. Findings from the present thesis contribute to a better understanding of the measurement issues associated with perfectionism measures and extend upon models of perfectionism by suggesting the role that a series of affective, cognitive (including the self-concept and self-concept certainty), and behavioural processes play in maintaining adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism

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Petrie, Bianca. „The role of self-concept content, certainty and stability in academic procrastination“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11786.

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Academic procrastination has been associated with a variety of negative outcomes. While theorists have proposed that those with an unstable self-concept engage in procrastination due to the fear that they will be unable to meet the required standard, a systematic review conducted as part of the present study (Chapter 2) revealed that all research pertaining to the self-concept in academic procrastination has been correlational, thereby limiting the validity of such theories. As such, the present study employed an experimental design to investigate the self-concept of academic procrastinators (Chapter 3). Ninety-nine undergraduate students completed trait, symptom and academic procrastination inventories as well as measures of state-based affect and cognition, and self-concept content, certainty and stability before and after receiving feedback for a writing task. Compared to low procrastinators, high procrastinators described a self-concept characterised by a greater number of negative and procrastination-related attributes, higher levels of fear of negative evaluation, lower levels of self-concept clarity, self-efficacy and self-esteem and more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Furthermore, both the content and certainty associated with procrastinators’ self-concept descriptions changed significantly as a result of receiving randomly allocated feedback for a writing task. While high procrastinators reported significant improvements to their self-concept after receiving a positive evaluation, low procrastinators showed a more positive self-concept which did not change after feedback. These results provide the first empirical evidence for the presence of an unstable self-concept in academic procrastinators, providing support for the aforementioned theory and emphasising the importance of addressing self-concept stability in the psychological treatment of academic procrastination. Further research may investigate mindfulness-based interventions.

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Lin, Min. „A comparative analysis of the concept of certainty in the traditions of western and Chinese philosophy“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293865.

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Kuklik, Robert G. „Capital Asset Prices Modelling - Concept VAPM“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196945.

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The key objective of this thesis is the outline of an alternative capital market modeling framework, the Volatility Asset Pricing Model, VAPM, inspired by the innovative dual approach of Mandelbrot and Hudson using the method based on synthesis of two seemingly antagonistic factors -- the volatility of market prices and their serial dependence determining the capital markets' dynamics. The pilot tests of this model in various periods using the market index as well as a portfolio of selected securities delivered generally satisfactory results. Firstly, the work delivers a brief recapitulation regarding the concepts of a consumer/investor choice under general conditions of hypothetical certainty. Secondly, this outline is then followed by a description of the "classical" methodologies in the risky environment of uncertainty, with assessment of their corresponding key models, i.e. the CAPM, SIM, MIM, APTM, etc., notwithstanding results of the related testing approaches. Thirdly, this assessment is based on evaluation of the underlying doctrine of Efficient Market Hypothesis in relation to the so called Random Walk Model. Fourthly, in this context the work also offers a brief exposure to a few selected tests of these contraversial concepts. Fifthly, the main points of conteporary approaches such as the Fractal Dimension and the Hurst Exponent in the dynamic framework of information entropy are subsequently described as the theoretical tools leading to development of the abovementioned model VAPM. The major contribution of this thesis is considered its attempt to apply the abovementioned concepts in practice, with the intention to possibly inspire a further analytical research.

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Cally, Jean Romain. „La certitude des consommateurs : concept et analyse des effets dans le cas de la nationalité de la marque“. Thesis, La Réunion, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LARE0029/document.

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Pour communiquer efficacement, les responsables marketing ont grand besoin de connaître les processus selon lesquels les consommateurs perçoivent et choisissent les marques. Au sein de ces processus, la certitude que le consommateur accorde à ses croyances joue un rôle important, notamment dans la déterminance des caractéristiques du produit. Dans la présente thèse, ce rôle est analysé à travers une variable que la mondialisation contribue à la fois à déformer et à amplifier : la nationalité de la marque. Il s'avère que la certitude dans la croyance envers la nationalité d'une marque est un élément capital du succès d'un positionnement stratégique sur les marchés internationaux. L'analyse des données et les statistiques effectuées ont permis d'identifier : • L'effet médiateur de l'attitude envers la marque, qui indique « comment » l'image du pays et la certitude qui s'y attache peuvent influencer les intentions d'achat de la marque, • L'effet modérateur de la certitude de la croyance envers la nationalité de la marque, qui indique « quand » les consommateurs risquent d'utiliser l'image du pays d'origine dans le processus de choix. Les implications théoriques et managériales de ces résultats sont discutées, de sorte que les managers puissent surveiller les origines nationales associées à leurs marques et éviter qu'elles soient défavorables ou en contradiction avec la stratégie marketing de la firme
To communicate effectively, marketers need to know the process according to which consumers perceive and choose brands. Within these processes, consumer certainty plays an important role, particularly in the determinacy of product items. In this thesis, this role is analyzed through a variable that globalization contributes both to distort and amplify: brand's nationality. Data analysis and statistics indicates: The « mediating » effect of attitude toward the brand, which indicates "how" the country's image and certainty can influence consumer purchase intentions, The « moderating » effect of certainty of belief, which indicates "When" consumers can use an image of the « country of origin » in a decision process. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed, so that managers can monitor the nationality associated with their brands and avoid negative effects for the company

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Loussaif, Catherine. „Concept et réalité des droits de l'enfant : approche pluridisciplinaire de certains droits économiques, sociaux et culturels“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010279.

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Les droits économiques, sociaux et culturels trouvent leur origine dans le régime juridique de protection des droits de l'homme. Ils seront officiellement reconnus aux enfants, personne de moins de 18 ans, par la convention internationale des droits de l'enfant, adoptée à l'unanimité par l'assemblée générale des Nations Unies, le 20 novembre 1989. L'examen des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels doit prendre en considération l'esprit de cet instrument onusien, contenu dans le préambule : l'enfant, en raison de son manque de maturité, a besoin d'une protection spéciale laquelle incombe en priorité à sa famille. Or, celle-ci doit faire face, aujourd'hui, a de graves problèmes, tels que le chômage et la pauvreté. L'évolution de la situation économique mondiale et la compression des dépenses se répercutent, en effet, sur la capacite des familles à remplir leur rôle avec efficacité, et par la même rendent critique l'application effective des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels des enfants. Nous aborderons en particulier quatre domaines, en distinguant les pays industrialisés et les pays en développement : la maltraitance, l'adoption internationale, l'exploitation économique et sexuelle et l'éducation des enfants
The economic, social and cultural rights are originated from the system of human rights protection. They have been officially recognized to the children, under 18 years aged persons, by the convention on the rights of the child unanimity adopted, on the 20th november 1989, by the general assembly of the united nations. The study of the economic social and cultural rights should pay attention to the spirit of this united nations instrument, contended in its preamble : the child, due to his lack of maturity, needs a special protection which falls in priority on his family. But, today, it has to face serious issues, like unemployment and poverty. The evolution of the world economic situation and the spending cuts pass on the family's ability to play its role with efficience, and then on the effective enforcement of the economic, social and cultural rights of the children. Within a distinction between the industrialized countries and developing countries, we will specially study four themes : the maltreatment, the international adoption, the economic and sexual exploitation, and the education of the children

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Qin, Zhao-Kai. „The Influence of Oriental Art and Ideas on Robert Motherwell's Work: An Investigation of Certain Affinities Between His Work and Chinese and Japanese Calligraphy and Ink Painting“. VCU Scholars Compass, 1997. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/166.

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This study is an examination of the influence of Oriental (specifically Chinese and Japanese) art and ideas on Robert Motherwell's work. To a certain extent, it is also an effort to balance previous interpretations that have mainly focused on the influence of Surrealists, Mondrian, and Picasso and to shed new light on the understanding of Motherwell's art. Consideration is given to the historical background of Motherwell's interest in Oriental art and ideas as well as the relation between this interest and his major artistic concerns. Among other things, the thesis investigates the influence of Oriental concept of the void on Motherwell's spatial conception, especially in the sense of using empty space. It also gives an account of the influence of Oriental calligraphy and ink painting on Motherwell's work in terms of pictorial languages and physical action.

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Emiliou, Nicolaos. „The concept of proportionality in the law of European communities with comparative material from certain member states“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308079.

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Templeton, John Wilson. „Intuitionism and certainty“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0018/MQ27546.pdf.

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Pan, Mengqi. „Wittgenstein and Certainty“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/640.

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This thesis discusses the idea of certainty in Wittgenstein's On Certainty and various interpretations of this text. Many deny a relativist reading of Wittgenstein because they think such reading fails to achieve Wittgenstein's goal, which is refuting skepticism. This thesis suggests the possibility of maintaining the certainty of our notion of truth while at the same time being open to the metaphysical possibility of relativism.

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Bücher zum Thema "The concept of certainty"

Certainty. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2007.

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Thien, Madeleine. Certainty. London: Faber and Faber, 2007.

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Rosmini, Antonio. Certainty. Durham: Rosmini House, 1991.

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1951-, Westphal Jonathan, Hrsg. Certainty. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., 1995.

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Thien, Madeleine. Certainty. Toronto: Emblem Editions, 2007.

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Connors, Rose. Absolute certainty. New York: Scribner, 2002.

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Rhees, Rush, und D. Z. Phillips, Hrsg. Wittgenstein'sOn Certainty. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470776247.

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Tanenbaum, Robert. Immoral certainty. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Dutton, 1991.

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Kirk, John T. O. Science & certainty. Collingwod, VIC: CSIRO Publishing, 2007.

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Romtvedt, David. Certainty: Poems. Fredonia, N.Y: White Pine Press, 1996.

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Buchteile zum Thema "The concept of certainty"

Ávila, Humberto. „Concept of Legal Certainty“. In Certainty in Law, 171–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33407-3_6.

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Ávila, Humberto. „The Concept of Tax-Law Certainty“. In Certainty in Law, 195–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33407-3_7.

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Haymes, Brian. „On Certainty“. In The Concept of the Knowledge of God, 56–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19066-9_9.

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Hermann, Julia. „Basic Concepts“. In On Moral Certainty, Justification and Practice, 20–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137447180_2.

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Werkmeister, Andreas. „International Criminal Law as a Means to Fight the ‘Hostes Humani Generis’? On the Dangers of the Concept of Enemy Criminal Law“. In Legal Certainty in a Contemporary Context, 179–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0114-7_11.

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Mühle, Henri. „Proper Mergings of Stars and Chains Are Counted by Sums of Antidiagonals in Certain Convolution Arrays“. In Formal Concept Analysis, 172–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38317-5_11.

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Ohmura, Takahito. „Nanomechanical Characterization of Metallic Materials“. In The Plaston Concept, 157–95. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7715-1_8.

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AbstractMechanical behavior of metallic materials on nanoscale is characterized by using Nanoindentation and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to understand the fundamental plasticity mechanisms associated with microstructural factors including dislocations. The advanced characterization techniques enable us to grasp the behavior on the nanoscale in detail. New knowledges are obtained for the plasticity initiation under the extremely high stress close to the theoretical strength in regions with defect-free matrix and pre-existing defects such as grain boundaries, in-solution elements, and dislocations. The grain boundaries act as an effective dislocation source, the in-solution elements retard a nucleation of dislocation, and the pre-existing dislocations assist a plasticity initiation. The deformation behavior associated with microstructures is also described. The dislocation structure with a certain density was observed right after indentation-induced strain burst, which is so-called “pop-in,” suggesting a dislocation avalanche upon the pop-in. It has been directly observed that the lower mobility screw dislocation causes the higher flow stress in a bcc metal. A remarkable strain softening can be understood by an increase in dislocation density based on conventional physical models. Phase stability for indentation-induced transformation depends on a constraint effect by inter-phase boundary and grain boundary.

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Patakyová, Mária. „Legislatívne a judikatórne metamorfózy zaväzovania a riadenia obchodných spoločností“. In Pocta prof. Josefu Bejčkovi k 70. narozeninám, 303–18. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0094-2022-15.

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The basic requirement arising from the “Disclosure directive” of company law has always been to ensure legal certainty in the relations of acting third parties with the company as a legal entity. The paper is based on the statement that even after 30 years it is not possible to meet the stated requirement in the conditions of Slovak corporate law. The paper focuses on clarifying this phenomenon, presents the current legislative solution and foreshadows the legislative intention in this area. Following on from this key element in corporate law, the paper also focuses on the issue of deciding on the affairs of a company. The concept of business management is, by its very nature, an open concept, and therefore the gradual finding of boundary contours is much more comprehensible and acceptable.

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Mešević, Iza Razija. „Reevaluating Main Concepts of Intellectual Property in the Light of AI-Challenges“. In European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World, 223–33. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40801-4_14.

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AbstractThis paper examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems on some of the main principles of Intellectual Property, specifically those inherent to copyright and patent law. Particular attention is dedicated to the concept of authorship in relation to AI-assisted and AI-generated creations in the field of art. The chapter also examines the potential need, or a lack thereof, to re-evaluate the anthropocentric foundations of copyright embedded in the acquis communautaire, copyright laws of the Member States and the case law of CJEU. Taking into consideration the AI’s inability to act as an autonomous agent, attention is drawn to possible legislative interventions to introduce legal certainty, whilst honoring and maintaining core values of copyright law.

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Mastropaolo, Alfio. „Rappresentanza e cittadinanza“. In Studi e saggi, 119–27. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0112-4.13.

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One of the characteristics of advanced democratic societies is their fragmentation. This is a serious challenge for the synthesis activity that political representation has the task of carrying out. Right-wing parties, both moderate and populist, can use the concepts of people and nation. The parties of the left no longer use the concept of class and are therefore in serious difficulty. Tony Blair’s New Labour has used the concept of citizenship. It was an invention that did not have lasting success, but it certainly helped to make the concept very popular, beyond the boundaries of legal language.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "The concept of certainty"

Singh, Surender, und Sonam Sharma. „Concept of certainty in residual life of a system“. In ADVANCES IN BASIC SCIENCE (ICABS 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5122600.

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Fais, Aufa Irfan, Uky Yudatama und Ardhin Primadewi. „Expert system using certainty factors of stunting (nutrition disorders) in toddlers: A proposed concept“. In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BIO-BASED ECONOMY FOR APPLICATION AND UTILITY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0120471.

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Powers, David M. W. „ROC-ConCert: ROC-Based Measurement of Consistency and Certainty“. In 2012 Spring Congress on Engineering and Technology (S-CET). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scet.2012.6342144.

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Illich, Moritz, und Birte Glimm. „Computing Concept Referring Expressions for Queries on Horn ALC Ontologies“. In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/370.

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Classical instance queries over an ontology only consider explicitly named individuals. Concept referring expressions (CREs) also allow for returning answers in the form of concepts that describe implicitly given individuals in terms of their relation to an explicitly named one. Existing approaches, e.g., based on tree automata, can neither be integrated into state-of-the-art OWL reasoners nor are they directly amenable for an efficient implementation. To address this, we devise a novel algorithm that uses highly optimized OWL reasoners as a black box. In addition to the standard criteria of singularity and certainty for CREs, we devise and consider the criterion of uniqueness of CREs for Horn ALC ontologies. The evaluation of our prototypical implementation shows that computing CREs for the most general concept (Top) can be done in less than one minute for ontologies with thousands of individuals and concepts.

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Lozovanu, Ecaterina, Andrei Perciun und Alexandru Lupusor. „Comprehension, Possibility and Death. The Justification of the Ontological Understanding of Death“. In 12th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computing. Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/ic-ecco.2022/kbs.03.

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If death is revealed to us, in our human experience, as a certainty, one of the decisive questions of explaining our human condition aims at questioning and justifying this certainty. One of the authors who tackles this question is the German thinker, Martin Heidegger. According to him, death is understood and described, through a phenomenological and hermeneutical explanation, as an inner existential possibility as an ontological condition of the human being. This understanding has received various criticisms from contemporary philosophers. One of these belongs to Bartrand Schumacher who sustains that the only ontological understanding of existence cannot provide a certainty of its own end. In this way, Schumacher opposes an ontic meaning to the Heideggerian ontological understanding of death. In response to Schumacher’s critics we propose to look more deeply at the concept of possibility as the key-concept in the Heidegger’s ontological understanding of death.

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Amendola, Giovanni, und Leonid Libkin. „Explainable Certain Answers“. In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/233.

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When a dataset is not fully specified and can represent many possible worlds, one commonly answers queries by computing certain answers to them. A natural way of defining certainty is to say that an answer is certain if it is consistent with query answers in all possible worlds, and is furthermore the most informative answer with this property. However, the existence and complexity of such answers is not yet well understood even for relational databases. Thus in applications one tends to use different notions, essentially the intersection of query answers in possible worlds. However, justification of such notions has long been questioned. This leads to two problems: are certain answers based on informativeness feasible in applications? and can a clean justification be provided for intersection-based notions? Our goal is to answer both. For the former, we show that such answers may not exist, or be very large, even in simple cases of querying incomplete data. For the latter, we add the concept of explanations to the notion of informativeness: it shows not only that one object is more informative than the other, but also says why this is so. This leads to a modified notion of certainty: explainable certain answers. We present a general framework for reasoning about them, and show that for open and closed world relational databases, they are precisely the common intersection-based notions of certainty.

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Smits, Stanley J., Norman B. Bryan und Ephraim R. McLean. „A longitudinal study of the influence of work self-concept and career certainty on the vocational development of information systems professionals“. In the 1996 ACM SIGCPR/SIGMIS conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/238857.238912.

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Svoboda, Zdenek, und Ladislav Zilcher. „UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND THE DEGREE OF PROFESSIONAL CERTAINTY AS THE BASIS FOR THE TEACHER'S PRO-INTEGRATION ORIENTATION“. In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.1504.

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Berdanier, Catherine G. P., und Ellen Zerbe. „Correlations between graduate student writing concepts and processes and certainty of career trajectories“. In 2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2018.8658678.

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Triman, Mursalin und Abdul Haris Odja. „Misconception Analysis to Know the Understanding of Static Electrical Concept at SMK Bina Taruna Gorontalo by Using Certainty of Response Index (CRI)“. In 7th International Conference on Research, Implementation, and Education of Mathematics and Sciences (ICRIEMS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210305.088.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "The concept of certainty"

Farhan, Jakub Ali, Piotr Kaczyński und Maciej Perkowski. Public Perception of Healthy Food in The Light of Interdisciplinary Scientific Certainty. Survey report. Wydawnictwo Prawo i Partnerstwo, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/pphflisc.2023.

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In recent years, an alarming trend in the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases has led to increased interest in the issue of so-called "healthy food". Despite the enormity of food regulation, the concept of "healthy food" is not framed in any legal framework, and the public's understanding of it is uneven. So what is "healthy food" according to the public? This report contains the results of a survey aimed at answering this question. The survey consisted of two parts - on the one hand, a representative sample of 1,041 people was surveyed, and on the other hand, 100 food entrepreneurs were surveyed. The obtained results of the survey provide the research team with a starting point for further interdisciplinary research (legal sciences, chemical sciences, medical sciences) in the "healthy food" problem area.

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Slotiuk, Tetiana. CONCEPT OF SOLUTIONS JOURNALISM MODEL: CONNOTION, FUNCTIONS, FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11097.

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The article examines the main features, general characteristics and essence of the concept of solutions journalism. The basic principles of functioning of this model of journalism in the western press and in Ukraine are given. The list and features of activity of the organizations, institutes and editorial offices supporting development of journalism of solutions journalism. The purpose of the publication is to describe the Solutions Journalism model: its features, characteristics and features of functioning, to find out the difference in the understanding of the concept of «solutions journalism» and «constructive journalism» in general. The task of the publication was to conceptualize the main trends in the development of solutions journalism in the Western and Ukrainian information space; show the main characteristics, formats of functioning and analyze the features of the concepts of «solutions journalism» and «constructive journalism». Applied research methods: at the stage of research of the history of formation of the concept of Solutions Journalism the historical method is used. The hermeneutic method of research helped in the interpretation of basic concepts, the phenomenological approach was applied in the context of considering the essence of the phenomenon of solutions journalism. At the stage of generalization of the features of the concepts of Solutions Journalism and «constructive journalism» a comparative method was used, which gave an understanding of the common components in their essence. The method of analysis allowed to expand the understanding of the purpose of Solutions Journalism as a type of social journalism and its main tasks. With the help of synthesis it was possible to comprehensively understand the concept of Solutions Journalism and understand its features. In Ukraine, this type of journalism is just emerging, but its introduction into the editorial policy of the media may have a national importance. These are regional and local media that can inform their communities about the positive solution of certain problems in other communities, and thus thanks to this model can save local journalism. In the scientific context, there is a need to outline the main differences in the understanding of the concepts of decision journalism and constructive journalism, to understand the socio-psychological need to create good news.

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Baader, Franz, und Oliver Fernández Gil. Decidability and Complexity of Threshold Description Logics Induced by Concept Similarity Measures. Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.229.

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In a recent research paper, we have proposed an extension of the lightweight Description Logic (DL) EL in which concepts can be defined in an approximate way. To this purpose, the notion of a graded membership function m, which instead of a Boolean membership value 0 or 1 yields a membership degree from the interval [0; 1], was introduced. Threshold concepts can then, for example, require that an individual belongs to a concept C with degree at least 0:8. Reasoning in the threshold DL T EL(m) obtained this way of course depends on the employed graded membership function m. The paper defines a specific such function, called deg, and determines the exact complexity of reasoning in T EL(deg). In addition, it shows how concept similarity measures (CSMs) ~ satisfying certain properties can be used to define graded membership functions m~, but it does not investigate the complexity of reasoning in the induced threshold DLs T EL(m~). In the present paper, we start filling this gap. In particular, we show that computability of ~ implies decidability of T EL(m~), and we introduce a class of CSMs for which reasoning in the induced threshold DLs has the same complexity as in T EL(deg).

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Baader, Franz, Bernhard Ganter, Ulrike Sattler und Barış Sertkaya. Completing Description Logic Knowledge Bases using Formal Concept Analysis. Aachen University of Technology, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.155.

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We propose an approach for extending both the terminological and the assertional part of a Description Logic knowledge base by using information provided by the assertional part and by a domain expert. The use of techniques from Formal Concept Analysis ensures that, on the one hand, the interaction with the expert is kept to a minimum, and, on the other hand, we can show that the extended knowledge base is complete in a certain sense.

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Baader, Franz, und Barbara Morawska. Matching with respect to general concept inclusions in the Description Logic EL. Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.205.

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Matching concept descriptions against concept patterns was introduced as a new inference task in Description Logics (DLs) almost 20 years ago, motivated by applications in the Classic system. For the DL EL, it was shown in 2000 that the matching problem is NP-complete. It then took almost 10 years before this NP-completeness result could be extended from matching to unification in EL. The next big challenge was then to further extend these results from matching and unification without a TBox to matching and unification w.r.t. a general TBox, i.e., a finite set of general concept inclusions. For unification, we could show some partial results for general TBoxes that satisfy a certain restriction on cyclic dependencies between concepts, but the general case is still open. For matching, we solve the general case in this paper: we show that matching in EL w.r.t. general TBoxes is NP-complete by introducing a goal-oriented matching algorithm that uses non-deterministic rules to transform a given matching problem into a solved form by a polynomial number of rule applications. We also investigate some tractable variants of the matching problem.

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Maydykovskiy, Igor, und Petra Užpelkis. The Concept of space-time quanta in future technologies. Intellectual Archive, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2464.

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The article discusses the possibility of using the technological advantages that appear in connection with the discovery of the physical essence of Time and new interpretation of the structure of space in the form of space-time quanta. One of the problems that can be successfully solved on the basis of the new physical model is the problem of establishing the true nature of gravity. The solution to this problem is directly related to the implementation of the idea of unsupported motion based on the interaction in a certain way of the created asymmetric interference structure of longitudinal waves with the natural structure of spatial frequencies.

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Küsters, Ralf, und Ralf Molitor. Computing Most Specific Concepts in Description Logics with Existential Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.108.

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Computing the most specific concept (msc) is an inference task that can be used to support the 'bottom-up' construction of knowledge bases for KR systems based on description logics. For description logics that allow for number restrictions or existential restrictions, the msc need not exist, though. Previous work on this problem has concentrated on description logics that allow for universal value restrictions and number restrictions, but not for existential restrictions. The main new contribution of this paper is the treatment of description logics with existential restrictions. More precisely, we show that, for the description logic ALE (which allows for conjunction, universal value restrictions, existential restrictions, negation of atomic concepts) the msc of an ABox-individual only exists in case of acyclic ABoxes. For cyclic ABoxes, we show how to compute an approximation of the msc. Our approach for computing the (approximation of the) msc is based on representing concept descriptions by certain trees and ABoxes by certain graphs, and then characterizing instance relationships by homomorphisms from trees into graphs. The msc/approximation operation then mainly corresponds to unraveling the graphs into trees and translating them back into concept descriptions.

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Zilberman, Mark. Good and Evil from the Point of View of Physics. Intellectual Archive, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2763.

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The article analyzes the concepts of "good" and "evil" from the point of view of physics. Although the physical concept of “entropy” as a measure of disorder was the first candidate who could serve as the physical basis of these ethical concepts, in fact it is not suitable for this purpose. However, the “entropic potential of the event” Z (T, A) that describes the impact of the event A that occurred in the moment T0 in the system R to the entropy of this system at the future moment T (T > T0) is well suited for our analysis. The article describes methods for calculating the “entropic potential of the event” for certain real-life events and discuss several other related ideas, such as “time factor”, “averaging” and “universality”.

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Calijuri, Mónica, und Phelippe Toledo Pires de Oliveira. Cooperative Compliance in Brazil: What Does the Future Hold? Inter-American Development Bank, Oktober 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005204.

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The concept of cooperative compliance has gained momentum in recent years as tax authorities seek to establish more collaborative relationships with taxpayers, especially in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The subject had not arisen with the same interest in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brazil, in particular, has been cautious in its approach to cooperative compliance after a timid attempt some years ago. However, this has been changing since the launch of the Confia pilot program in 2021, where the Brazilian Federal Revenue (RFB) is collaborating with a group of large taxpayers participating in the pilot. Confia's main objective is to develop a relationship of trust between tax authorities and taxpayers by promoting a culture of compliance based on cooperation and transparency. This paper highlights the benefits of cooperative compliance including improved relationships between tax authorities and taxpayers, greater tax certainty, and reduced compliance and litigation costs. These benefits can help make Brazilian companies more competitive globally and improve risk assessments for tax administrations. Some initiatives taken by Brazilian tax authorities to enhance their relationship with taxpayers, including the experience of the RFB with Confia, could provide valuable lessons for other Latin American and Caribbean countries.

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Pensel, Maximilian, und Anni-Yasmin Turhan. Making Quantification Relevant Again —the Case of Defeasible EL⊥. Technische Universität Dresden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.231.

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Defeasible Description Logics (DDLs) extend Description Logics with defeasible concept inclusions. Reasoning in DDLs often employs rational or relevant closure according to the (propositional) KLM postulates. If in DDLs with quantification a defeasible subsumption relationship holds between concepts, this relationship might also hold if these concepts appear in existential restrictions. Such nested defeasible subsumption relationships were not detected by earlier reasoning algorithms—neither for rational nor relevant closure. In this report, we present a new approach for EL ⊥ that alleviates this problem for relevant closure (the strongest form of preferential reasoning currently investigated) by the use of typicality models that extend classical canonical models by domain elements that individually satisfy any amount of consistent defeasible knowledge. We also show that a certain restriction on the domain of the typicality models in this approach yields inference results that correspond to the (weaker) more commonly known rational closure.

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