Thematische Bibliographien / The Colonial Period

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „The Colonial Period“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "The Colonial Period"

G.M.D. „Colonial Period Chronicles“. Americas 54, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1997): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500026079.

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GUNN, Jean-Philippe. „AFRICAN NATIONALISM FROM THE COLONIAL PERIOD TO THE POST COLONIAL PERIOD“. Social Sciences Studies Journal 4, Nr. 20 (01.01.2018): 2988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sssj.726.

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Pereira, Luciano Schaefer, und Ingrydy Schaefer Pereira. „GEODIVERSITY OF PARAHYBA IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD“. Mercator 16, Nr. 7 (15.07.2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2017.16e016.

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PEREIRA, Luciano Schaefer, und Ingrydy Schaefer PEREIRA. „GEODIVERSITY OF PARAHYBA IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD“. Mercator 16, Nr. 7 (15.07.2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2017.e16016.

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Oh Yi-Hwan. „Dukcheon-Seowon in Colonial Period“. JOURNAL OF ASIAN PHILOSOPHY IN KOREA ll, Nr. 32 (Dezember 2009): 171–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.19065/japk..32.200912.171.

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J.D.R. „Music in the Colonial Period“. Americas 45, Nr. 1 (Juli 1988): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500075015.

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Bunnag, Piyanart. „Religious Contacts between Sri Lanka and Thailand from the Pre-Colonial Period tothe Colonial Period“. Asian Review 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.arv.13.1.2.

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Motlalekgosi, Hendrick Puleng. „The inheritance of colonial penological practices in the postcolonial and apartheid periods: A histography of South Africa“. Technium Social Sciences Journal 27 (08.01.2022): 727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v27i1.5323.

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Colonialism has had an influence on many sectors across the board in South Africa including the prison system among others. Its impact could be seen in the way prisoners were treated during the post-colonial era and apartheid era. This paper seeks to demonstrate the relationship between the colonial, post-colonial and apartheid penological practices by examining the treatment of prisoners during the said periods. Examination of this relationship may be useful in understanding what really informed the promulgation of racist policies during the post-colonial period and apartheid period. This paper contends that the legislation that was promulgated during the post-colonial and apartheid periods, which were legislative instruments on how prisoners were treated, were in fact a formalization and continuation of what had already being practiced during the colonial era. The following themes are central to this discourse: The colonial period between the 1840s and 1909; The post-colonial period between 1910 and 1948 and; The National Party era (apartheid era): 1948 – 1993.

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Sajarwa, Sajarwa. „TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY OF FRENCH NOVELS INTO INDONESIAN IN COLONIAL AND POST-COLONIAL PERIOD“. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature) 6, Nr. 2 (31.08.2021): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i2.15372.

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This study analyzes the differences in the expression of meaning of the colonial and postcolonial French novels and the ideology of translating French novels into Indonesian during the colonial and postcolonial periods. This study uses data from French novels and their translations into Indonesian during the colonial and postcolonial periods. The data were analyzed by using descriptive-qualitative-comparative method. The results of this study show that text message expression during colonial period is indirect due to at that time The society was under the rule of the Dutch colonialists or subaltern. In post-colonial period, the community social situation changed, people were no longer afraid to express their thoughts or they were more open so that the delivery of meaning is direct. Colonial period novels have two types of foreignization ideology, namely self-names translation and setting translation, while post-colonial period novels have three types, namely self-names translation, title translation, and setting translation. The novels domestication ideology during colonial period occurred in translation of pronouns on and the translation of kinship calls, while in post-colonial period novels it occurred in pronouns on translation, kinship calls translation, and self-names translation. The different ideology in the two novels is self-names translation.

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Patch, Robert W., und Oakah L. Jones. „Guatemala in the Spanish Colonial Period.“ American Historical Review 100, Nr. 5 (Dezember 1995): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170166.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "The Colonial Period"

Magalhães, Diogo Franco. „O reinventar da Colonia : um balanço das interpretações sobre a economia colonial brasileira“. [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285823.

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Orientador: Eduardo Barros Mariutti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T12:18:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magalhaes_DiogoFranco_M.pdf: 1246020 bytes, checksum: a5a3b7b08c60189ea0243aa240a32496 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: São diversas as interpretações a respeito do processo de gênese e desenvolvimento da economia da colônia portuguesa na América do Sul. Este trabalho reconstrói a história do debate entre três linhas interpretativas sobre o tema. Em primeiro momento se discutem as interpretações clássicas sobre o período colonial, em que se destacam as contribuições dos autores do ¿sentido da colonização¿ ¿ entre eles Caio Prado Jr., Fernando Novais e Celso Furtado ¿ e da linha interpretativa do modo de produção colonial ¿ com realce às idéias de Jacob Gorender e Ciro Cardoso. Em momento posterior, busca-se explicitar as principais características do que denominamos debate contemporâneo, com destaque para as contribuições de Manolo Florentino e João Fragoso. O trabalho pretende uma avaliação crítica a respeito dessas linhas interpretativas
Abstract: There are many interpretations about the process of establishment and development of the portuguese colony's economy in South America. This issue summarizes the history of the debate between three interpretatives lineages over the theme. First, the classical interpretations about the colonial period are discussed, mainly the contribuitions from the ¿sentido da colonização¿ authors ¿ Caio Prado Jr., Fernando Novais and Celso Furtado ¿ and from the interpretative lineage called ¿ colonial mode of production¿ ¿ mainly Jacob Gorender and Ciro Cardoso. Afterwards, we seek to expose the major characteristics of the contemporaneous debate, in which Manolo Florentino's and João Fragoso's contributions gain evidence. This issue intends to provide a critical evaluation over those interpretative lineages
Mestrado
Historia Economica
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

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Eubanks, Elsie Irene. „Lead Poisoning from the Colonial Period to the Present“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626037.

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Miéville, Jemima. „Medical pluralism in central Mexico in the early colonial period“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/medical-pluralism-in-central-mexico-in-the-early-colonial-period(1c927294-7fa1-46c9-a1c0-9ce4ef1606ff).html.

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This thesis evaluates medical pluralism in central Mexico during the early colonial period, surveying the medical landscape to recognise spaces for and evidence of, medical assimilation and exchange between Spanish, Indian and Black populations. Recognising that medicine during this period was a combination of science, religion and superstition, it explores the dynamic between licensed and unlicensed medicine, evaluating the ways in which they served and were served by mixed colonial populations. The domain of the curandero is re-evaluated in order to better understand what the role and status of such practitioners were, and what the term actually meant to colonial people. Surveying colonial medicine within the context of the attempted imposition of medical structures from mainland Spain, this study demonstrates the ways in which -despite the disenfranchisement of large sectors of colonial society - the huge diversity of personal and cultural preferences coupled with the profound significance attached to healthcare, saw all people, slaves included, able to exert agency in their own healthcare. In short this is an interpretive historical study of medicine in Mexico, combining archival evidence with a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, applied to understand the medical meeting of all colonial peoples, including Blacks, during the early colonial period, which has, to date, been underesearched.

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Jamieson, Ross W. „The Potential for Colonial Period Archaeology in La Libertad, Peru“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625578.

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Epstein, Clarence. „Church architecture in Montreal during the British-colonial period, 1760-1860“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22194.

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The French-colonial trading town of Montreal underwent a remarkable transformation from 1760 to 1860. Following the British conquest of New France, the powers vested to Catholic missionary orders were assumed by a Protestant administration. Given the diversity of settlers who were forced to live side by side in the more densely populated urban areas of the colony, ecclesiastical design became a vehicle for the expression of national and denominational identities. By examining church production in Montreal during the period, those cultural imperatives inscribed by French, English, Scottish, Irish and American denominations become apparent. The assimilation of building traditions resulting from the interaction of communities was critical in determining the eclectic architectural character of Canada's first metropolis.

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Robertson, Donald. „Mexican manuscript painting of the early colonial period : the metropolitan schools /“. Norman (Okla.) : University of Oklahoma press, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37512475w.

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Karim, S. M. Rabiul. „Rajshasi zamindars : a historical profile in the colonial period (1765-1947)“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1230.

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Helmer, Ángela. „Asclepiadaeum: un poema latino del Perú colonial“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/103460.

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El rol que jugó el latín como lengua de cultura y prestigio en las colonias españolas en América no ha sido estudiado a fondo. Especialmente en el caso del virreinato del Perú, la escasez de documentos ha impedido realizar investigaciones detalladas en este campo. En este trabajo analizo la importancia del latín en las zonas urbanas de la sociedad colonial peruana sobre la base de documentos escritos por autores peruanos y publicados en el virreinato del Perú hasta principios del siglo XIX. Entre estos, y por sucarácter único, destaca Asclepiadaeum, un poema en honor del virrey De la Pezuela, quien arribó a Lima en 1816.
The role that Latin played as the language of culture and prestige in the Spanish colonies of America has not been studied in depth. Especially, in the case of the viceroyalty of Peru, the lack of documents has prevented detailed research in this area. In this paper I analyze the importance of Latin in urban areas of Peru´s colonial society based on documents written by Peruvian authors and published in the viceroyalty of Peru up to the beginning of the nineteenth century. Among these, and because of its unique nature, the Asclepiadaeum, a poem in honor of the Viceroy de la Pezuela, who arrived in Lima in 1816, stands out

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Sarkar, Rupan. „Urbanization in Malda in the colonial period: growth of english bazar as a case study (1813-1947)“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/1551.

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Pérez, Leticia. „El cabildo y la universidad. Las primeras canonjías de oficio en México (1598-1616)“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121492.

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This article deals with the interest groups which were spawned by the creation of the first canonries for the Mexican cathedral. The article shows that it was the royal university which gave rise to these interest groups because it viewed those canonries as future occupations for its students and a political means for its own institutional consolidation. Likewise, the text brings out the fact that the cathedral chapter initially opposed the creation of these prebends arguing that they altered the traditional forms of promotion of canons and increased competition, opening the doors to lettered Creoles and brought about the direct intervention of bishops and viceroys in the election of the people that would make up the chapter.
Este trabajo trata sobre las redes de intereses que se crearon alrededor de la provisión de las primeras canonjías de oficio en la catedral de México. El texto muestra cómo fue la universidad la que promovió su creación, pues vio en esas plazas un destino profesional para sus estudiantes y un medio político para su consolidación institucional. Del mismo modo, se da cuenta de la oposición inicial del cabildo de la catedral a la creación de esas prebendas, pues alteraban las formas tradicionales de promoción de los capitulares e incrementaban la competencia, dando cabida a los letrados criollos y a la intervención directa de prelados y virreyes en la elección de quienes conformarían el cabildo.

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Bücher zum Thema "The Colonial Period"

Wolfe, James. The colonial period. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing in association with Rosen Educational Services, 2016.

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C.V. Starr East Asian Library (Columbia University). Colonial-period Korea. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2010.

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Brenda, Stalcup, Hrsg. The colonial period, 1607-1750. San Diego, Calif: Greenhaven Press, 2003.

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Guatemala in the Spanish colonial period. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.

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Situating Assamese middle class: The colonial period. Guwahati: Bhabani Print & Publications, 2011.

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Ogasapian, John. Music of the colonial and revolutionary period. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2004.

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Tunis, Edwin. Colonial living. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.

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Colonial life. New York: Children's Press, 2000.

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Colonial America. New York: Cavendish Square Publishing, 2015.

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Howarth, Sarah. Colonial places. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press, 1994.

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Buchteile zum Thema "The Colonial Period"

Pearcey, Mark. „The Colonial Period“. In The Exclusions of Civilization, 55–76. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52862-9_3.

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Whiteley, Wilfred. „The Colonial Period“. In Swahili, 57–78. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032618852-4.

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Kumar, Nita. „The Colonial Period“. In Women, Gender and History in India, 75–91. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003393252-6.

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Kumar, Nita. „The Colonial Period“. In Women, Gender and History in India, 92–106. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003393252-7.

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Sears, Jesse Brundage. „The Colonial Period.“ In Philanthropy in the History of American Higher Education, 10–32. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003419129-2.

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Stuessy, Tod F. „Colonial Period (1750–1819)“. In Environmental History of Oceanic Islands, 101–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47871-1_8.

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Horst, René Harder. „The High Colonial Period“. In A History of Indigenous Latin America, 119–47. New York : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315228402-6.

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Schwartz, Stuart B. „Brazil: The Colonial Period“. In Establishing Exceptionalism: Historiography and the Colonial Americas, 173–99. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315256146-8.

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Buhi, Jason. „The late colonial period“. In Global Constitutional Narratives of Autonomous Regions, 114–42. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Globalization: law and policy: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003039570-6.

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Sarma, Barnali, und Pooza Sharma. „Assam in the Colonial Period“. In Northeast India Through the Ages, 112–36. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003157816-5.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "The Colonial Period"

Rahmawati, Femi. „Colour Character of Malang Mask during Colonial Period“. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on Cultural Sciences of Brawijaya, ISCS 2022, 9–10 November 2022, Malang, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-11-2022.2329424.

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Tamon, Max, Aksilas Dasfordate und Yohanes Burdam. „Minahasa Raad (Minahasa Board) In the Dutch Colonial Period“. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science 2019 (ICSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-19.2019.90.

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Chen, Li-Ping, Chunsheng Huang und Yi-Hui Chang. „Digital archives of taiwan agricultural history during the japanese colonial period“. In Proceeding of the 11th annual international ACM/IEEE joint conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1998076.1998156.

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Choi, Horang. „The stimulation of Korean signboard design in the Japanese colonial period“. In 9th Conference of the International Committee for Design History and Design Studies. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/despro-icdhs2014-0115.

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Pan, Wen. „Brave Eves: an Evaluation of American Womenrs Marital Life in the Colonial Period“. In 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-18.2018.311.

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Fitrisia, Azmi, Ernawati und Zul Asri. „Changing Function of the Forest and Exploitation in East Coast Sumatra in Colonial Period“. In 2nd Progress in Social Science, Humanities and Education Research Symposium (PSSHERS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210618.026.

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Curley, Allison, Alyson M. Thibodeau, Emily Kaplan und Ellen Howe. „LEAD ISOTOPES AS CHRONOLOGICAL MARKERS FOR COLONIAL-PERIOD CEREMONIAL DRINKING VESSELS IN THE ANDES“. In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-305895.

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Nigar Valish, Isgandarova. „Forging the Azerbaijani National Identity: The Role of Periodical Literature during the Colonial Period“. In The 8th International Conference on Social Sciences Humanities and Education. Acavent, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/8th.icshe.2023.08.002.

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Макаров, Е. П. „PROBLEMS OF RELATIONSHIP OF LOCAL ELITES AND COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION OF VIRGINIA ON THE EVE OF THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE“. In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.2021.21.32.011.

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В работе анализируются особенности политической и экономической обстановки, сложив-шейся в Виргинии к началу 1760-х гг. Отдельного внимания заслуживает проблема формирования самосознания торгово-финансовой элиты Виргинии, заметного на фоне международных полити-ческих процессов данного периода. Обратившись к вопросу неоднородности виргинской колони-альной элиты, а также выделив участников колониального политического процесса, можно про-следить становление и эволюцию виргинской аристократии в период обострения противоречий между колониальным обществом и властью метрополии. The paper analyzes the features of the political and economic situation that had developed in Virginia by the beginning of the 1760s. Special attention should be paid to the problem of the formation of self-awareness of the commercial and financial elite of Virginia, noticeable against the background of the international political processes of this period. Turning to the issue of the heterogeneity of the Virginian colonial elite, as well as highlighting the participants in the colonial political process, one can trace the process of the formation and evolution of the Virginian aristocracy during the period of aggravation of the contradictions between colonial society and the power of the metropolis.

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Gore, Bi dzhei benveniu. „Development of the economy of the Republic of ivory coast in the post-colonial period“. In All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, chair Dmitrij Nikolaevich Ermakov. Publishing house Sreda, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-97245.

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The article comprehensively analyzes the macro-and micro-economic aspects of the development of the Republic of ivory coast, which gained independence from the French Republic on August 07, 1960. The author pays great attention to the processes of ensuring the economic stability of the country's economic system in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "The Colonial Period"

Brett A. Houk, Brett A. Houk. Colonial Period Archaeology in Northwestern Belize. Experiment, Februar 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/4563.

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Yakubik, Jill-Karen, Benjamin Maygarden, Tristram R. Kidder, Shannon Dawdy und Kenneth Jones. Archeological Data Recovery of the Camino Site (16JE223), A Spanish Colonial Period Site Near New Orleans, Louisiana. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, März 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada286872.

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Buitrago García, Hilda Clarena. The Ins and Outs of Colombian Higher Education System. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gclc.37.

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In this critical reading, the importance of learning about some aspects related to the history, evolution, regulations, achievements, and challenges of higher education in Colombia is raised. This knowledge is especially relevant for tertiary education teachers. With this purpose in mind, the beginnings of such an educational system in the colonial period, as well as the transformations and milestones reached during the various historical, political, and economic changes that our country has had, are described. A description of the current state of tertiary education in Colombia is also offered through statistical data. Additionally, the laws, decrees, and resolutions that make up the legal framework, as well as the governmental bodies in charge of regulating its operation and guaranteeing the quality of the programs, are explained. It also examines the role that icts have in innovation processes and the changes and legislation that have arisen because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that, despite its evident evolution, Colombian higher education still faces challenges that require the proposal of pedagogical, technological, and political measures that adjust to the needs of all the agents involved.

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Pavlyuk, Іhor. HUMANІTARІAN CONTROVERSY ІN THE WESTERN UKRAІNІAN PRESS DURІNG THE PERІOD BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, März 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12139.

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The artіcle hіghlіghts the humanіtarіan polemіcs іn the Western Ukraіnіan press іn the іnterwar (1920-30s) perіod іn three aspects: the polemіcs of Ukraіnіan-language magazіnes among themselves, the polemіcs of the Ukraіnіan-language press wіth the Polіsh and Russіan press, the place of the Ukraіnіan press іnvolved іn the polemіcs іn the colonіal and global cultural – іnformatіonal contexts, іts representatіve relatіons wіth the judіcіal, executіve and legіslatіve authorіtіes іn the process of changes іn the socіal and polіtіcal atmosphere іn thіs tіme-space. The purpose of thіs artіcle іs to hіghlіght the humanіtarіan polemіcs іn the Western Ukraіnіan press іn the іnterwar (1920-30s) perіod іn three aspects: the polemіcs of Ukraіnіan magazіnes among themselves, the polemіcs of the Ukraіnіan press wіth the Polіsh and Russіan press, the Ukraіnіan press іn the global cultural and іnformatіonal context; dіfferentіatіon of polemіcal publіcatіons accordіng to genre-thematіc affіlіatіon to the socіo-polіtіcal dіscourse of the struggle of іdeas, symbols, sіgns, іmages, the struggle of relіgіous doctrіnes through the medіatіon of Ukraіnіan-centrіc іnformatіon (press) flows, whіch іn turn were fought by the then colonіal, іn partіcular Polіsh, polіtіcal power, subjectіng theіr censorshіp, confіscatіon, closure, harassment of edіtors and journalіsts. The basіc feature of іnter-magazіne relatіons of varіous Ukraіnіan and Ukraіnіan-language magazіnes of the іnterwar perіod was polemіcs, the topіcs of whіch were: polіtіcs (antі-Polіsh, pro-Polіsh, respectіvely – antі-Russіan, pro-Russіan); relіgіon (language of worshіp, hіerarchіcal subordіnatіon of the church); culture (problems of language, theatrіcal productіons, etc.); school busіness; cooperatіon; the sіtuatіon of the peasantry. That іs, all spheres of socіal lіfe, the representatіves of whіch were the mіrrors of magazіnes, patented by us for research іn thіs (spherіcal) structure: cooperatіve press, relіgіous press, etc. At the same tіme, the magazіnes that were publіshed іn the tіme-space determіned by us dіd not only “quarrel” wіth each other, but also often supported each other, prіntіng letters of support, advertіsіng each other durіng subscrіptіon campaіgns, takіng joіnt partіcіpatіon іn court hearіngs, etc. Keywords: controversy; press; colonіal dіscourse; confіscate; censorshіp.

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Rinkevich, Baruch, und Cynthia Hunter. Inland mariculture of reef corals amenable for the ornamental trade. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695880.bard.

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The worldwide market for ornamental saltwater invertebrates supplies the needs of millions of aquarium hobbyists, public exhibitions (i.e., zoos) universities and research institutions. With respect to reef building corals, it is estimated that more than half a million coral colonies/year from a total 93 genera, were exported globally during the period of 1985-1997. International value of retail sale of live coral trade alone is estimated as $78 million in 1997 (not including the illegally, widely smuggled material). The continuous, large-scale collection of marine organisms is responsible, in many places, for the destruction of coral reefs. The expected expansion of the trade further threatens these fragile habitats. While no true captive-bred corals are commercially available, our long-term goal is to develop ex situ inland farming of coral colonies that will circumvent the need for in situ collections and will provide domesticated specimens for the trade and for research. We simultaneously studied two model branching coral species, Stylophora pistillata (Pocilloporidae; in Israel) and Porites (Poritidae; in the US). The proposal included three specific aims: (a) To develop protocols for nubbins (small fragments, down to the size of a single polyp) usage in coral farming;(b) To address the significance of colony pattern formation to the coral trade; and (c) To develop the protocols of using nubbins in physiological and ecotoxicological assays (using oil dispersants, the expression of the stress protein HSP-70, household detergents, etc.). Ten scientific publications (published manuscripts, accepted for publications, submitted to scientific journals, in preparation), revealing results that were related to all three specific aims, originated from this BARD proposal. As a result of the work supported by the BARD, we have now, in hand, original and improved protocols for coral maintenance ex situ, proven expertise on manipulating coral colonies’ pattern formation and biological knowledge on island mariculture of reef corals (from Hawaii and from the Red Sea) amenable for the ornamental trade (for public and private aquaria use, for experimentation). At least one Israeli company (Red Sea Corals, Ltd., KibbutzSaar) is using our methodologies for further developing this new mariculture sector. We are now in the process of introducing the rationale and methodologies to Hawaiian private entities to expand dissemination of the research outcomes.

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Bloch, G., und H. S. Woodard. regulation of size related division of labor in a key pollinator and its impact on crop pollination efficacy. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134168.bard.

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Despite the rapid increase in reliance on bumble bees for food production and security, there are many critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of bumble bee biology that limit their colony production, commercial management, and pollination services. Our project focuses on the social, endocrine, and molecular processes regulating body size in the two bumble bee species most important to agriculture: Bombus terrestris in Israel, and B. impatiens in the USA. Variation in body size underline both caste (queen/worker) differentiation and division of labor among workers (foragers are typically larger than nest bees), two hallmarks of insect sociality which are also crucial for the commercial rearing and crop pollination services of bumble bees. Our project has generated several fundamental new insights into the biology of bumble bees, which can be integrated into science-based management strategies for commercial pollination. Using transcriptomic and behavioral approaches we show that in spite of high flexibility, task performance (brood care or foraging) in bumble bee colonies is associated with physiological variation and differential brain gene expression and RNA editing patterns. We further showed that interactions between the brood, the queen, and the workers determine the developmental program of the larva. We identified two important periods. The first is a critical period during the first few days after hatching. Larvae fed by queens during this period develop over less days, are not likely to develop into gynes, and commonly reach a smaller ultimate body size compared to workers reared mostly or solely by workers. The facial exocrine (mandibular and hypopharangeal) glands are involved in this queen effect on larva development. The second period is important for determining the ultimate body size which is positively regulated by the number of tending workers. The presence of the queen during this stage has little, if at all, influence. We further show that stressors such as agrochemicals that interfere with foraging or brood care specific processes can compromise bumble bee colony development and their pollination performance. We also developed new technology (an RFID system) for automated collection of foraging trip data, for future deployment in agroecosystems. In spite of many similarities, our findings suggest important differences between the Eurasian model species (B. terrestris) and the North American model species (B. impatiens) that impact how management strategies translate across the two species. For example, there is a similar influence of the queen on offspring body size in both species, but this effect does not appear to be mediated by development time in B. impatiens as it is in B. terrestris. Taken together, our collaboration highlights the power of comparative work, to show that considerable differences that exist between these two key pollinator species, and in the organization of young bumble bee nests (wherein queens provide the majority of care and then transition away from brood care) relative to later stages of nest development.

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Rius, Andrés. La coordinación institucional y la colaboración entre los sectores público y privado: Uruguay: Estudio de caso sobre la cooperación de actores múltiples. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009589.

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En 2005, el Gobierno del Uruguay y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo pusieron en marcha el Programa de Apoyo a la Competitividad de Conglomerados y Cadenas Productivas (PACC). La finalidad del programa era permitir a las empresas y conglomerados crecer e innovar a través de una mejor inserción internacional, y para ello se focalizó en promover respuestas a las fallas de coordinación, la producción de bienes club y/o el acceso a mercados ampliados, siguiendo estrategias de colaboración público-privada. El documento describe los mecanismos del programa, señalando permanencias y ajustes durante su período de actividad. Sobre la base de entrevistas a informantes calificados y de revisión documental, se identifican logros y fracasos respecto de los objetivos iniciales. Se estudian dos conglomerados (arándanos y turismo en Colonia del Sacramento), seleccionados por haber seguido trayectorias desiguales asociadas a factores de interés para las políticas. Se concluye destacando el efecto positivo de las buenas decisiones de diseño, la adaptabilidad de la política, el mantenimiento de la claridad sobre el foco y los objetivos, y la construcción colaborativa de canales de comunicación entre actores. Se aprecia la capacidad de las unidades ejecutoras de evitar el desvío respecto al mandato, y se observan posibles limitaciones del modelo de programa para llevar la cooperación a iniciativas más ambiciosas (en particular las ligadas al desarrollo tecnológico).

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Barton. L51695 Development of Inspection Vehicle to Detect SCC in Natural Gas Lines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010627.

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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) poses a serious threat to aging underground cathodically protected gas pipelines. As coatings deteriorate, conditions suitable for corrosion and SCC become more common. There have been many ruptures throughout the world attributed to SCC. One of the most important steps in combating failure by SCC is regular, reliable and cost effective monitoring of pipelines. Current methods available (including hydrotesting and magnetic particle testing) are either expensive, time consuming, or not entirely reliable. Regular testing of pipelines and the detailed study of the results will improve the understanding of SCC initiation and propagation. This project evaluates a manual ultrasonic scanning system for detecting SCC in pipelines. This system was used to inspect the lower circumferential section of unpressurized lengths of the Moomba to Sydney gas transmission pipeline operated by The Pipeline Authority (TPA). The manual system successfully located SCC colonies. CWP, in association with The University of Newcastle, then developed a microprocessor controlled system based on piezoelectric wheel probe technology. This system was trialled in Peterborough, South Australia in May 1990. Following the awarding of this research project (PR-198-9108). CWP incorporated the development work into their core business with the creation of the Product Development Section. This section was entirely committed to the development of the system and the PRC project. The redesign of the system included EMAT technology. Although not new, EMATs had not previously been made available to the gas industry in the detection of SCC. This project involved in excess of 13500 development man hours over a 22 month period. This report describes the development of the system and the Newcastle field trials, the Australian field trials and the USA field trials concluding in September 1992. The report also addresses the suitability of each technology in detecting SCC in buriednatural gas pipeline and makes design recommendations for the future. Future developments in the system are planned in the areas of enhancing the reliable detection of SCC, imaging of SCC and enhanced calibration capabilities.

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Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai und Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods: induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.

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During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.

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At the Gates of Paradise: Art of the Guaraní of Paraguay. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008210.

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The exhibit unites a number of artistic expressions of the Guaraní Indians of Paraguay, from the colonial period to the present. Include 65 pieces including statuary, both sacred and secular, photographs, videos, and contemporary art. All of the art works allow for a better understanding of the Guaraní culture that transmits knowledge fundamentally through an oral tradition, but has also come to assimilate a number of influences, modifying them to their own needs. The exhibition was open at the Art Gallery of the Cultural Center of the Inter-American Development Bank on September 2005.

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