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Grech, Philip D. „Give and Let Give: Alternative Mechanisms Based on Voluntary Contributions“. Games 10, Nr. 2 (07.05.2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g10020021.
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We propose a new family of mechanisms, whereby players may give more or less directly to one another. A cornerstone case is the regular linear public goods mechanism (LPGM), where all contribute into a single common group account, the total amount of which is then distributed equally among players. We show that with sufficiently (yet not necessarily fully) pro-social preferences, the social optimum can be reached in Nash equilibrium in all social dilemma situations described by our mechanisms (including the LPGM). In addition, for a given heterogeneity of pro-social preferences, we help to identify which specific mechanisms perform best in terms of incentivizing giving. Our results are therefore relevant from two vantage points. One, they provide proper rational choice benchmarks based on Nash equilibrium under the assumption of other-regarding preferences. Two, they provide arguments in favor of re-structuring many collective action problems currently implemented as LPGMs when it is feasible to gain some information concerning who has concern for whom.
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Fatmayati, Fryda, Teotino Gomes Soares, Mursalim Tonggiroh und Allan Desi Alexander. „Implementation of a Combination of Rank Reciprocal and Additive Ratio Assessment Approaches for 3D Printer Selection“. Bulletin of Informatics and Data Science 2, Nr. 2 (30.11.2023): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.61944/bids.v2i2.83.
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With the wide selection of 3D printers available on the market, the challenge arises for consumers and businesses to choose the device that best suits their specific needs. To determine the choice, the decision-maker must know one by one the specifications of the 3D printer to be purchased, which results in making difficult decisions and requiring a long time. This research aims to implement a combination of the Rank Reciprocal and additive ratio assessment (ARAS) approaches to make it easier to determine decisions for selecting a 3D printer. The Reciprocal Rank approach provides weight values by utilizing the reciprocal or inverse principle. Meanwhile, the ARAS approach is used to obtain the best alternative by evaluating alternative rankings based on their utility function. From the case studies that have been carried out, the highest to lowest utility values are Anycubic 4Max Pro (A2) getting a score of 0.8289, Creality Ender-3 Pro (A1) getting a score of 0.6174, Anet 3D Printer ET4 Pro (A3) getting a score of 0.5510, and Mingda Magician X2 (A4) getting a score of 0.5116. The output produced by the system in the case study carried out produces the same value as the manual calculation, meaning that the ARAS method calculation in the system is declared valid. Based on usability testing, it got a score of 90%, which shows the system is suitable for use
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Rakhmah, Syifa Nur, und Raden Aldhi Rajendra Yusuf. „Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Smartphone Gaming Android Terbaik Dengan Metode Weighted Product“. Reputasi: Jurnal Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak 3, Nr. 1 (30.06.2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/reputasi.v3i1.1201.
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The lack of information in choosing an effective android gaming smartphone makes it difficult for people to choose the best gaming smartphone while people only know about ordinary smartphones with criteria that are not for games. By conducting this research, it can provide information in making decisions to determine the best Android gaming smartphone. Solutions using a decision support system using the Weighted Product (WP) method, the Weighted Product method can assist in making decisions but calculations using this method only produce the largest value that will be selected as the best alternative. The targeted population is the area of North Bekasi which amounted to 329,976 people with a presentation of leeway of five percent (5%) using the slovin formula and the results obtained were 399.515 rounded up to 400 samples. The criteria that have been set based on standard specification data for gaming smartphones for playing games are (price, battery, RAM, ROM, Chipset, and GPU) as well as alternatives selected based on the best gaming cellphones in 2021, namely Asus ROG Phone 3, Black Shark 3, Realme X50 Pro 5G, OPPO Find X2 Pro, Nubia Red Magic 5G. By using a decision support system using the Weighted Product method, it is concluded that the selection of the best Smartphone Gaming at this time in the North Bekasi area and the appropriate criteria have obtained satisfactory results in the selection of the best Gaming Smartphone. In other words, Asus ROG Phone 3, Black Shark 3 and OPPO Find X2 Pro are recommended as the best Android Gaming Smartphones today.
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Smulski, Sebastian, Hanna Turlewicz-Podbielska, Agata Wylandowska und Jan Włodarek. „Non-antibiotic possibilities in prevention and treatment of calf diarrhoea“. Journal of Veterinary Research 64, Nr. 1 (20.01.2020): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0002.
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AbstractDue to increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance and the consumers’ tendency to choose organic products, cattle farmers are interested in alternative methods of calf diarrhoea treatment. This is a major challenge for veterinarians. Few methods of non-antibiotic treatment that bring satisfactory results have been reported in the related literature so far. In this article, the authors compare different non-antibiotic methods of diarrhoea prevention and treatment in calves. Among the alternatives discussed are herbs, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, lactoferrin, and bacteriophages. It was found that the best results could be achieved through the use of pro-, pre- and synbiotics. However, the authors would like to point out that with the expansion of knowledge about the practical use of broad-scale bacteriophages, they could be the best alternative to antibiotics.
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Mráz, Attila. „HOW TO JUSTIFY MANDATORY ELECTORAL QUOTAS: A POLITICAL EGALITARIAN APPROACH“. Legal Theory 27, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2021): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325221000252.
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ABSTRACTThis paper offers a novel substantive justification for mandatory electoral quotas—e.g., gender or racial quotas—and a new methodological approach to their justification. Substantively, I argue for a political egalitarian account of electoral quotas. Methodologically, based on this account and a political egalitarian grounding of political participatory rights, I offer an alternative to the External Restriction Approach to the justification of electoral quotas. The External Restriction Approach sees electoral quotas as at best justified restrictions on political participatory rights. I argue for the Internal Restriction Approach instead, which can justify electoral quotas by specifying the pro tanto scope of political participatory rights rather than by justifying restrictions on the pro tanto scope of these rights. On this approach, adequately set electoral quotas do not even conflict with and are not balanced against political participatory rights, while electoral quotas—when justified—are pro tanto required rather than merely permitted.
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Christy, Tika, Maha Rani, Ricki Ardiansyah und Rini Novia. „RECOMMENDATION FOR THE BEST GAMING PHONE USING THE WEIGHT PRODUCT METHOD“. JURTEKSI (Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi) 10, Nr. 3 (29.06.2024): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.33330/jurteksi.v10i3.3315.
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Abstract: Mobile phones, as essential telecommunication devices today, are equipped with numerous features. The plethora of mobile phone models, especially gaming phones, requires consumers to be discerning in choosing a phone for everyday use. The problem is that many consumers do not understand how to purchase a phone that meets their specific criteria. The specifications that must be considered when selecting a gaming phone that fits within a budget and meets criteria include performance or specifications, screen quality, battery life, RAM, network connectivity, and price. A decision support system is a part of information systems designed to facilitate decision-making processes based on data or common everyday problems. The Weighted Product (WP) method is typically used in decision-making that involves multiple criteria to be considered simultaneously. Based on the WP method calculations, it was found that the recommended smartphone alternative is determined by the highest vector value (V) ranking according to user-defined criteria. The analysis results indicate that the recommended smartphone alternative is Alternative 1 with a score of 0.376, which is the Infinix GT 10 Pro, due to its comparable specifications to other models but with a more affordable price."Keywords: decision support systems ; gaming cellphone; recommendation Abstrak: Handphone sebagai perangkat telekomunikasi yang menjadi kebutuhan utama saat ini sudah dilengkapi dengan banyak fitur. Banyaknya keluaran jenis handphone khususnya handphone untuk game membuat konsumen harus pintar memilih handphone yang dapat digunakan setiap harinya Permasalahannya adalah konsumen banyak yang tidak paham bagaimana membeli handphone sesuai kriteria yang cocok. Adapun spesifikasi yang harus di saat akan memilih jenis handphone game yang sesuai dengan budget dan kriteria diantaranya adalah perfoma atau spesifikasi, tingkat kualitas layar, daya tahan batrai, RAM, koneksi jaringan, dan harga. Sistem pendukung keputusan merupakan bagian dari sistem informasi yang digunakan untuk memudahkan proses pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan data atau permasalahan yang sering ditemui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Metode Weighted Product umumnya digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan yang melibatkan banyak kriteria yang harus dipertimbangkan secara bersamaan. Berdasarkan proses perhitungan dengan metode WP maka didapatkan bahwa alternatif smartphone yang direkomendasikan untuk dipilih adalah smartphone yang ditentukan berdasarkan peringkat nilai vektor (V) tertinggi sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan oleh pengguna. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa alternatif smartphone yang direkomendasikan adalah Alternatif 1 dengan skor 0.376, yaitu Infinix GT 10 Pro karena memiliki spesifikasi yang hampir setara dengan yang lain namun dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau.Kata kunci: handphone game; sistem penunjang keputusan; rekomendasi
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Goswami, Shankha Shubhra, und Dhiren Kumar Behera. „An Analysis for Selecting Best Smartphone Model by AHP-TOPSIS Decision-Making Methodology“. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 12, Nr. 3 (Mai 2021): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2021050107.
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This article presents the detailed study of integrated AHP-TOPSIS multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology. For these purposes, a real-life example is taken where the best smartphone mobile model is proposed among 10 different available models by implementing integrated AHP-TOPSIS methodology. The 10 mobile models selected for this analysis are presently available in the market and are from different brands having different specifications and price range. The selection process is done based on four major criteria (i.e., price, internal storage, RAM, and brand). AHP is applied for the criteria weightage's calculation, whereas TOPSIS is adopted for selecting the best alternative and make a preference ranking order indicating the best model to the worst. The final result shows that Samsung J7 is the best smartphone model followed by Redmi 7A, and Redmi K20 pro occupies the last position; thus, it is the worst model among the group.
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Michel, Piotr, Sebastian Granica, Anna Magiera, Karolina Rosińska, Małgorzata Jurek, Łukasz Poraj und Monika Anna Olszewska. „Salicylate and Procyanidin-Rich Stem Extracts of Gaultheria procumbens L. Inhibit Pro-Inflammatory Enzymes and Suppress Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Oxidant Functions of Human Neutrophils Ex Vivo“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, Nr. 7 (09.04.2019): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071753.
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Salicylate-rich plants are an attractive alternative to synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs due to a better safety profile and the advantage of complementary anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the co-occurring non-salicylate phytochemicals. Here, the phytochemical value and biological effects in vitro and ex vivo of the stems of one of such plants, Gaultheria procumbens L., were evaluated. The best extrahent for effective recovery of the active stem molecules was established in comparative studies of five extracts. The UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS3, HPLC-PDA, and UV-photometric assays revealed that the selected acetone extract (AE) accumulates a rich polyphenolic fraction (35 identified constituents; total content 427.2 mg/g dw), mainly flavanols (catechins and proanthocyanidins; 201.3 mg/g dw) and methyl salicylate glycosides (199.9 mg/g dw). The extract and its model components were effective cyclooxygenase-2, lipoxygenase, and hyaluronidase inhibitors; exhibited strong antioxidant capacity in six non-cellular in vitro models (AE and procyanidins); and also significantly and dose-dependently reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α) and proteinases (elastase-2, metalloproteinase-9) in human neutrophils stimulated ex vivo by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). The cellular safety of AE was demonstrated by flow cytometry. The results support the application of the plant in traditional medicine and encourage the use of AE for development of new therapeutic agents.
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Md Yusop, Hamidah, Ainul Azreen Adam, Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahim, Chandramalar Munusami und Siti Aishah Hussin. „Green Human Resource Management and Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior: Environmental Knowledge Best Mediate or Moderate the Relationship?“ Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics 31, Nr. 1 (01.12.2023): 757–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.60016/majcafe.v31.28.
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Malaysia is known as a laggard in adopting environmental and social elements in projecting economies towards greener growth pathways. Accordingly, Malaysia should address this issue by directing efforts towards low-carbon and inclusive green economies rather than simply growing the economy faster. The service sector is regarded as the largest GDP contributor to economic growth. However, it demonstrates the relatively slower pace of green practices and thinking in Malaysian financial institutions. This study aims to examine the role of seven green human resource management practices as independent variables and environmental knowledge in explaining the pro-environmental behavior of employees. PLS-SEM was utilized to ascertain the causal effect between the variables, and the results were based on a survey collected from employees (N=366) in six Malaysia Development Financial Institutions (DFIs). The findings indicate that four out of seven independent variables have a positive direct effect on employee pro- environmental behavior (R2 = 68.4 percent). On the other hand, the results suggest that environmental knowledge is not an important mediator or moderator in enhancing employee behavior within this study context. However, it is worth taking into consideration that this knowledge, if utilized properly through proper implementation of organizational green practices, will enhance employee pro-environmental behavior. In other words, the significant determinants should be improved, and the non-significant determinants should be looked closely upon and strategized properly to create the same positive impact on environmental behavior. This study has extended the research on employees in six Malaysian DFIs by examining the influence of the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity core constructs. These examinations resonate with the necessity to understand whether the constructs together with personal norms of the Norm Activation Model can explain employees’ environmental behavior. This study established an alternative philosophical framework for employees and organizations to adopt a transformative change strategy.
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Burton-Chellew, Maxwell N., Heinrich H. Nax und Stuart A. West. „Payoff-based learning explains the decline in cooperation in public goods games“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, Nr. 1801 (22.02.2015): 20142678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2678.
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Economic games such as the public goods game are increasingly being used to measure social behaviours in humans and non-human primates. The results of such games have been used to argue that people are pro-social, and that humans are uniquely altruistic, willingly sacrificing their own welfare in order to benefit others. However, an alternative explanation for the empirical observations is that individuals are mistaken, but learn, during the game, how to improve their personal payoff. We test between these competing hypotheses, by comparing the explanatory power of different behavioural rules, in public goods games, where individuals are given different amounts of information. We find: (i) that individual behaviour is best explained by a learning rule that is trying to maximize personal income; (ii) that conditional cooperation disappears when the consequences of cooperation are made clearer; and (iii) that social preferences, if they exist, are more anti-social than pro-social.
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Cho, Juhee, Junghee Yoon, Youngha Kim, Dongryul Oh, Seok Jin Kim, Jinseok Ahn, Gee Young Suh, Seok Jin Nam und Sandra A. Mitchell. „Linguistic Validation of the US National Cancer Institute’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events in Korean“. Journal of Global Oncology, Nr. 5 (Dezember 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.00193.
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PURPOSE The aim of this study was to translate and linguistically validate a Korean-language version of the US National Cancer Institute’s Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). METHODS All 124 PRO-CTCAE items were translated into Korean (PRO-CTCAE-Korean) using International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research best practices and linguistically validated in a diverse sample of patients undergoing cancer treatment (n = 120) to determine whether the Korean translation captured the original concepts. During the cognitive interviews, participants first completed approximately 60 PRO-CTCAE-Korean questions and were then interviewed to evaluate the conceptual equivalence of the translation to the original PRO-CTCAE English-language source. Interview probes addressed comprehension, clarity, and ease of judgement. Three rounds of interviews were conducted. Items that met the a priori threshold of 10% or more of respondents with comprehension difficulties were considered for rephrasing and retesting. RESULTS A majority of PRO-CTCAE-Korean items were well comprehended in round 1; 14 items posed comprehension difficulties for at least 10% of respondents in round 1. Four symptom terms (mouth and throat sores, feeling like nothing could cheer you up, frequent urination, and pain, swelling, redness at drug injection or intravenous insertion site) were revised and retested in rounds 2 and 3. For the other 10 symptom terms, no suitable alternative phrasing was identified, and the terms were retested in rounds 2 and 3. After rounds 2 and 3, no item presented difficulties in 20% or more of participants. CONCLUSION PRO-CTCAE-Korean has been linguistically validated for use in Korean-speaking populations. Quantitative evaluation of this new measure to establish its measurement properties and responsiveness in Korean speakers undergoing cancer treatment is in progress.
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Hermakivska, Iryna. „Mediation: european experience, ukrainian realities and prospects“. Legal Ukraine, Nr. 1 (2019): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2020-1(205)-1.
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Тhe lack of consolidation and legislative regulation of mediation in the system of Ukrainian legislation is the reason for the narrowing of the spectrum of alternative ways of resolving disputes in comparison with the EU Member States. Taking into account the pro-European policy of Ukraine and relying on current legal realities, we aim to formulate the concept of introducing mediation into the legal system of Ukraine on the basis of research and use of European experience in this field as a basis. The article outlines the basic principles of mediation recognized by European countries and proposes the best ways to solve the problem of the lack of legislative consolidation of mediation as a subject of corporate law.
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Rashid, Amir, Muhammad Ehsan und Javid Rashid. „Design of hybrid power system for COMSATS University Islamabad using homer pro software“. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 15, Nr. 2 (02.06.2023): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v15i2.2.
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More than a billion people do not have access o electricity, so it is important to find ways to generate power close to where they live. Hybrid energy systems can be made and used to generate electricity for homes and businesses that are not connected to national or regional power grids. Hybrid energy systems yield greater environmental and economic returns than stand-alone geothermal, solar, wind, or bigenerational systems. The goal of this paper is to simulate a hybrid power system for COMSATS University in Islamabad that is both technically and economically feasible and plays a big part to support clean energy production and safeguard the environment from toxic emissions. This paper provides a case study of COMSATS University Islamabad. The results showed that a hybrid system with a grid and a wind turbine that produced 1 MWh/yr was the best option. This study also provides a cost summary of PV panels, batteries, diesel generators, capital value, replacement, operation and maintenance (OM), fuel cost, and salvage value in dollars. In this study, a hybrid power system is designed that can provide us with a detailed analysis of power generation and consumption for the case study.
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Nikitas, Alexandros, Stefanos Tsigdinos, Christos Karolemeas, Efthymia Kourmpa und Efthimios Bakogiannis. „Cycling in the Era of COVID-19: Lessons Learnt and Best Practice Policy Recommendations for a More Bike-Centric Future“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 9 (21.04.2021): 4620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094620.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our cities in monumental ways with no sector likely being more severely impacted than transport. Lockdowns, physical spacing, transport restrictions and stay-at-home guidelines have transformed personal mobility and highlighted the mistakes of an unbalanced pro-car culture that defined a century of urban planning. One immediate effect of the virus in relation to travel demand and supply was the emergence of active travel modes because of their unique ability to provide a socially distanced way of transport. Cycling is one of the modes that has enjoyed significant attention. Numerous cities have reallocated street and public space to cyclists and introduced pro-bike interventions like pop-up cycle lanes, e-bike subsidies, free bike-share use and traffic calming measures. This newly found outbreak-induced momentum creates an opportunity to establish a new ethos that allows the promotion of potentially permanent strategies that may help cycling to be (re-)established as a robust, mainstream and resilient travel mode for inner city trips and not as a second-class alternative operating under the automobile’s giant shadow. This paper provides a state-of-the-art description of the anti-COVID cycling-friendly initiatives that have been introduced globally, the successes and failures of these initiatives, the lessons learnt that can help us redefine the bicycle’s role in local societies today and a best cycling practice policy guide for planning a more bike-centric future.
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González-Burciaga, L. A., J. C. García-Prieto, C. M. Núñez-Núñez, M. García-Roig und J. B. Proal-Nájera. „Methotrexate Degradation by UV-C and UV-C/TiO2 Pro-cesses with and without H2O2 Addition on Pilot Reactors“. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 11, Nr. 10 (2020): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2020.11.10.1292.
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Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-cancer drug that can be excreted up to 90% after administration due to its low biodegradability. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are a feasible alternative for the elimination of MTX in the environment. In this research, AOPs were performed in specialized patented reactors (UBE Photocatalytic systems and BrightWater Titanium Advanced Oxidation Process) under experimental pilot conditions. Photolysis and heterogeneous photocatalysis (UV and UV/TiO2) experiments were performed with and without addition of H2O2 and at different initial pHs. Best degradation percentage was achieved by photolysis when initial pH was 3.5 and added H2O2 was 3 mM, reaching a MTX degradation of 82% after 120 min of reaction. HPLC-MS analysis of the resulting samples showed four possible byproducts of MTX degradation, which presented a higher ecotoxicity than the starting compound.
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Calogiuri, Gianfanco, Alessandro Mandurino-Mirizzi, Claudio Parlangeli, Luigi Macchia, Caterina Foti und Michael P. Savage. „Comparing Allergist and Cardiologist Considerations for the Optimal Management of Thienopyridines Hypersensitivity“. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 19, Nr. 1 (03.01.2019): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530318666180914121758.
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Background and Objective: The thienopyridine family includes ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel which are antiplatelet drugs largely used, mainly associated to aspirin, for treatment of acute coronary syndromes and after percutaneous coronary interventions, to avoid thrombosis. In some patients, thienpyridines may cause hypersensitivity reactions which jeopardize the optimal therapeutic and preventive approach to vascular diseases. The management of thienopyridine hypersensitivity seems to be best done as an interdisciplinary collaboration between the allergist and cardiologist. Method: The present study investigates the management of thienopyridines hypersensitivity on the basis of published case reports and studies, comparing the pro and contro of pharmacological treatments, different desensitization protocols to thienopyridines and substitution of antiplatelet agents eaches others, according to the point of view of cardiologist and allergist. For the cardiologist, the important issues are the necessity of continuing therapy, the desired duration of therapy based on the clinical indication of the individual patient and appropriateness of using one of the alternative P2Y12 inhibitors. For the allergist, the important issues are weighing the risk and benefits of the various therapeutic options: treating “through” desensitization, or switching to an alternative agent. Results and Conclusion: All the data seem to suggest that only working together, a cardio-allergy team of specialists may evaluate and offer the best approach to clinical decision-making for the individual patient.
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Gholipour Fereidouni, Hassan, und Reza Tajaddini. „Power distance and landlord-tenant practices across countries“. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, Nr. 5 (02.10.2017): 628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-01-2017-0008.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether cultural dimension of power distance, which is the extent that inequality is expected and accepted in societies, can explain underlying differences in landlord-tenant practices (LTP) across countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a sample covering countries from different regions. They apply the ordered probit regressions to estimate the relationships between the explanatory variables and LTP. Findings The results show that hierarchical societies demonstrate more pro-landlord practices. This finding is robust to alternative measures of power distance and different sample sizes. In addition, the authors find that countries with larger rental sectors and larger numbers of landlords with mortgages demonstrate more pro-tenant practices. The results also show that differences in LTP across countries are not significantly influenced by legal origin. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, very limited studies have investigated the determinants of LTP across countries. In addition, while cultural values such as power distance have been used to explain the economic, social and financial variables, less, if any, number of studies have used them to explain the variation of real estate market variables such as LTP.
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Kowalska-Pyzalska, Anna, Marek Kott und Joanna Kott. „How Much Polish Consumers Know about Alternative Fuel Vehicles? Impact of Knowledge on the Willingness to Buy“. Energies 14, Nr. 5 (05.03.2021): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051438.
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Limited consumer knowledge reduces the chances of the spread of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), and hence slows down AFV market spread. In our empirical survey conducted in the first quarter of 2020 among 1002 Poles planning to buy a car in the next 12 months or who have just bought one, we examine what socio-economic and attitudinal factors influence their willingness to buy an AFV. In particular, we are interested in exploring how AFV knowledge related to understanding of the differences between hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs), as well as brand recognition associate with the willingness to buy. To the best our knowledge, this is a unique study among consumers in Central and Eastern Europe, characterized by lower exposure to AFVs and lower purchasing power. Our results indicate that males with pro-environmental beliefs and behaviors who are interested in modern automotive technologies and have good AFV brand recognition are predominated to be willing to buy an AFV in the near future.
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Buchman, Thomas A., und C. Patrick Fort. „Alternative Disclosure Methods For Accounting Changes And Analysts Earnings Forecasts“. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 12, Nr. 3 (12.09.2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v12i3.5800.
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<span>Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) require that firms changing accounting principles must report the change in one of three ways: the cumulative effect method, the retroactive restatement method, or a no-adjustment (prospective) method. The method a company should use is determined by the type of change being made. This raises the following question: can it be demonstrated that one of these methods is better, in some sense, than the other methods? A major problem in evaluating alternative methods of accounting of the same economic event and in deciding which one method should be adopted as GAAP is that it is impossible to objectively determine which of the alternatives is best. However, it is possible to rank alternatives on one dimension of interest-which method minimizes the income forecasts in years after the change. We obtained a sample of forms making accounting changes and formed three portfolios of firms based on the method they used to account for the change in accounting principle. We then compared financial analysts earnings forecast errors for the firms in the three portfolios. After controlling for relevant variables, we found that, in the year firms made accounting changes the firms making the changes requiring retroactive restatement had significantly larger forecast errors than the firms making changes requiring the other forms of disclosure, but in years subsequent to the year of change there were no significant differences in forecast errors. This leads us to the conclusion that, from an earnings forecast accuracy perspective, there is no advantage to calculating and presenting the cumulative effect of an accounting change or in preparing restated or pro-forma financial statements.</span>
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Vilanova, Felipe, Taciano L. Milfont, Clara Cantal, Silvia Helena Koller und Ângelo Brandelli Costa. „Evidence for Cultural Variability in Right-Wing Authoritarianism Factor Structure in a Politically Unstable Context“. Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, Nr. 5 (19.11.2019): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619882038.
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Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) has been a central explanatory concept and predictor of sociopolitical and intergroup attitudes over the last decades. Research indicates RWA is formed by the subdimensions of authoritarianism, traditionalism, and conservatism. The objective of this study was to assess the cross-cultural validity of this three-factor model in a politically unstable context where an alternative factor model was observed. Data from four Brazilian samples ( N total = 1,083) were assessed to test whether a four-factor model (with conservatism split) identified in Brazil recently was better fitting than the three-factor model. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and 3-year longitudinal evidence confirmed the four-factor model is the best RWA structure in the Brazilian context and that only the pro-trait conservatism items indexing submission to authority have adequate psychometric properties. Implications for future RWA propositions are discussed.
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Das, Vipin, Pitchai Karuppanan, Asheesh Kumar Singh und Padmanabh Thakur. „Optimal Sizing and Control of Solar PV-PEMFC Hybrid Power Systems“. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 6, Nr. 4 (18.07.2021): 1137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2021.6.4.068.
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This paper explores several possible hybridized techniques to supply electrical energy at remote locations where the utility grid extension is found uneconomical. In this work, diesel-generator (DG) is combined with the various renewable energy resources (RES) and multiple storage facilities, such as (i) proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and hydrogen energy storage (HES), (ii) PEMFC, HES, and Solar PV, and (iii) HES, Solar PV, PEMFC, HES, and battery storage system (BSS), respectively, to achieve the best hybrid solution to supply electrical power in remotely located area efficiently. The Homer Pro software developed by the national renewable energy laboratory is used in this paper for conducting the proposed analysis. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem to minimize the cost and greenhouse gas emissions. Three performance indices or objective functions, namely net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and unmet load, have been evaluated for these three hybridizations to determine the best alternative to overcome the energy crunch, which is existing especially in remotely located area. The comparative analysis of the estimated performance parameters has revealed that the hybridization of DG with Solar PV, PEMFC, HES, & BSS provides smaller values of NPC (in US $), LCOE (in US $/kWh), and unmet load. Furthermore, hybridization of DG with Solar PV, PEMFC, HES, & BSS results in the lowest pollutant emission with zero unmet loads and energy wastage. Therefore, in this study, hybridization of DG, Solar PV, PEMFC, HES, & BSS is recommended as the best alternative to supply electrical power efficiently and economically to remote areas. In this stand-alone work mode of operation of DG is considered as a reference system and named ‘Combination 1’. The LCOE and NPC of the best suitable HPS are obtained as 0.50193 US $/kWh and 35200000 US $, respectively. As a result, the system's emission is reduced by 94% compared with the base case (combination 1).
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Kholilah, Tsaniyah, Nashi Widodo und Nia Kurniawan. „in silico Study Reveals Potential Docking Sites of δ 2-isoxazolines derivates for Inhibiting Russell’s Viper PLA2 Toxin“. Journal of Tropical Life Science 11, Nr. 1 (03.02.2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.01.06.
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Snake venom phospholipase A2s (svPLA2s) has been known as the most abundant component and predominant cause of Russell’s viper envenomation. Limitation to serum therapy and considerable pharmacological interest led the researcher to synthesized multi-toxic PLA2 inhibitors, δ2-isoxazolines derivate. Although δ2- isoxazolines derivate already proved inhibitor activity in Group II svPLA2 with known IC50, their mechanism of action remains unveiled. Our recent study investigated their inhibitory activity via molecular docking. The virtual screening revealed that the ligand with diverse structures tied to the relatively same active site region. The result sheds light on the significance of His48 and Asp49 as part of the pro-inflammatory eliciting region. ADME analysis was also performed to filter and identify the best potential inhibitor acceptable for human use. This moiety leads to finding a better therapeutic strategy of svPLA2 inhibitors both as an alternative to serum anti-venom treatment.
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ISAAC, R. Elwyn, A. Tracy WILLIAMS, Mohammed SAJID, Pierre CORVOL und David COATES. „Cleavage of arginyl-arginine and lysyl-arginine from the C-terminus ofpro-hormone peptides by human germinal angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and the C-domain of human somatic ACE“. Biochemical Journal 328, Nr. 2 (01.12.1997): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3280587.
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Mammalian germinal angiotensin I-converting enzyme (gACE) is a single-domain dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase found exclusively in male germ cells, which has almost identical sequence and enzymic properties with the C-domain of the two-domain somatic ACE. Mutant mice that do not express gACE are infertile, suggesting a role for the enzyme in the processing of undefined peptides involved in fertilization. A number of spermatid peptides [e.g. cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin] are processed from pro-hormones by endo- and exo-proteolytic cleavages which might generate substrates for gACE. We have shown that peptide hormone intermediates with Lys/Arg-Arg at the C-terminus are high-affinity substrates for human gACE. gACE from human sperm cleaved Arg-Arg from the C-terminus of the CCK5-GRR (GWMDFGRR), a peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of a CCK-gastrin prohormone intermediate. Hydrolysis of CCK5-GRR by recombinant human C-domain ACE was Cl- dependent, with maximal activity achieved in 5-10 mM NaCl at pH 6.4. C-Domain ACE cleaved Lys/Arg-Arg from the C-terminus of dynorphin-(1-7), a pro-TRH peptide KRQHPGKR, and two insect peptides FSPRLGKR and FSPRLGRR. C-Domain ACE displayed high affinity towards all these substrates with Vmax/Km values between 14 and 113 times greater than the Vmax/Km for the conversion of the best known ACE substrate, angiotensin I, into angiotensin II. In conclusion, we have identified a new class of substrates for human gACE, and we suggest that gACE might be an alternative to carboxypeptidase E for the trimming of basic dipeptides from the C-terminus of intermediates generated from pro-hormones by subtilisin-like convertases in human male germ cells.
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Husna, H. N., und N. Fitriani. „Evaluation of Pupillary Distance (PD) Measurement using Smartphone-based Pupilometer“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2243, Nr. 1 (01.06.2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2243/1/012001.
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Abstract Measurement of the pupillary distance (PD) is one of the important steps of the spectacles-making process. PD measurement can be done using the PD Ruler, Auto-refractometer, and smartphones’ apps. The study aims to evaluate PD measurement apps (Pupil Distance Meter Pro from Vistech Project, PD Pupil Distance for Eye Glasses and VR Headset from Glassify Me, and The Ultimate PD Rule) and compared them with Auto-refractometer as the gold standard. A total of 39 students (age 19-22) were involved in this study. The result of this study indicated that there was no difference between the measurement of the PD using the Glassify me app and the Auto-refractometer (p = 0.48). However, there was a mean difference of 0.2 mm between them. It could be concluded that the Glassify me app has the best accuracy compared to other apps (p value 0.48). This app was recommended to be used as an alternative to PD measurement.
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Iskandar, Handoko Rusiana, Yusuf Irwin Deriantono, Dede Furqon und Naftalin Winanti. „Renewable Energy Contribution Based on Microgrid Using Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine Scenario“. JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia 4, Nr. 2 (24.10.2023): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jtein.v4i2.508.
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Indonesia's renewable energy mix offers an alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Indonesia has made a significant commitment to the role of exploiting this new energy in accordance with the Paris Agreement. This paper proposes the design of a microgrid architecture for a solar and wind hybrid power plant with grid-connected configuration and micro-scale power plant modeling in Ciheras Village, Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java. This architecture is divided into three scenarios in order to determine the best design qualities. The first scenario involves 50% photovoltaic (PV) and 50% wind turbine (WT), the second 60% PV and 40% WT, and the third 70% PV and 30% WT. The findings of the grid-connected microgrid were compared using supporting software, HOMER Pro. The various scenarios yielded performance analysis and renewable energy contribution. Modeling, calculation, simulation, and analysis demonstrate that the first scenario's potential energy output produces 25,655 kWh/year with an 88.2% Renewable Fraction (RF). The second scenario generates 26,194 kWh of energy per year, with a renewable fraction of 87.8%. The third scenario is the best based on the participation and role of distributed energy (PV-WT), with a higher amount of energy output of 30,691 kWh/year and a higher renewable proportion of 89%.
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Coradi, Paulo Carteri, Claudir Lari Padia, Lanes Beatriz Acosta Jaques, Guilherme Abreu Coelho de Souza, Roney Eloy Lima, Amanda Müller, Paulo Eduardo Teodoro, Jonatas Ibagé Steinhaus und Letícia de Oliveira Carneiro. „Adaptation of technological packaging for conservation of soybean seeds in storage units as an alternative to modified atmospheres“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 11 (12.11.2020): e0241787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241787.
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This study aimed to evaluate the quality of seeds of RR and RR2 PRO soybean cultivars stored in ambient air with raffia packaging (ANER), ambient air with laminated packaging (ANEL), modified atmosphere with polyethylene packaging (AMEP), refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3°C) with raffia packaging (ARER), refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3°C) with laminated packaging (AREL), and modified (-14 PSI) and refrigerated (1 to 3°C) atmosphere with polyethylene packaging (AMREP), over 6 months of storage. Results showed that the seeds of cultivar RR2 were preserved with better physiological quality. Raffia and polyethylene packaging under natural storage conditions, in a refrigerated and modified atmosphere, did not preserve the seed quality over the storage period. The conditions of storage in ambient air with laminated packaging (ANEL) and in a refrigerated atmosphere with laminated packaging (AREL) reduced the environmental effects of temperature and relative humidity, leading to better results of physiological quality of the seeds. Storage time negatively influenced the physiological quality of seeds, except for AREL and ANEL, which maintained the quality close to that of the initial conditions, over the 6 months of storage. The best alternatives for soybean seeds storage over 6 months are the laminated packaging in a natural environment, matching the refrigerated conditions. The technological laminated packaging can be used as a new alternative for conserving soybean seeds in processing and storage units.
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Hossain, Shahdat, Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Shoriful Islam Joy, Anuradha Baraik und Shadman Nazib. „Integrative medicinal approaches towards Alzheimer's disease model animals–A new hope“. AIMS Molecular Science 11, Nr. 3 (2024): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/molsci.2024013.
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<abstract> <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease (ND), has been plaguing healthcare and health policy agencies due to its ever-soaring impact globally. It is timely to develop appropriate measures to combat global AD burden. Due to structural and functional similarity, rodent models offer the best alternative to study AD pathogenesis and therapeutics. In this special issue, the present article reviews the state-of-the-art findings on AD model animals from the alternative and integrative medicinal point of view. Our integrative therapeutic agents include fungi (<italic>Ganoderma lucidum</italic>), turmeric (<italic>Curcuma longa</italic>), Indian black berry (black plum, jamun) (<italic>Syzygium cumini</italic>), and madecassoside (derived from <italic>Centella asiatica</italic>). Their bio-components, especially flavonoids, polyphenols, and tri-terpenoids, resist oxidative stress, amyloid beta fibrillation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; improve anti-oxidative prowess; and improve learning-related memory and anxiety-like behavior in AD model animals. Most of the findings described here are outcomes of our own studies. However, our claims have been substantiated with evidence from some other studies in the relevant field. As a whole, integrative medicinal approaches towards AD pathogenesis using these natural products seem promising in AD protection.</p> </abstract>
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Ambra, Roberto, Sonia Manca, Guido Leoni, Barbara Guantario, Raffaella Canali und Raffaella Comitato. „Involvement of miR-190b in Xbp1 mRNA Splicing upon Tocotrienol Treatment“. Molecules 26, Nr. 1 (31.12.2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010163.
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We previously demonstrated that apoptosis induced by tocotrienols (γ and δT3) in HeLa cells is preceded by Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This event is eventually followed by the induction of specific calcium-dependent signals, leading to the expression and activation of the gene encoding for the IRE1α protein and, in turn, to the alternative splicing of the pro-apoptotic protein sXbp1 and other molecules involved in the unfolded protein response, the core pathway coping with EndoR stress. Here, we showed that treatment with T3s induces the expression of a specific set of miRNAs in HeLa cells. Data interrogation based on the intersection of this set of miRNAs with a set of genes previously differentially expressed after γT3 treatment provided a few miRNA candidates to be the effectors of EndoR-stress-induced apoptosis. To identify the best candidate to act as the effector of the Xbp1-mediated apoptotic response to γT3, we performed in silico analysis based on the evaluation of the highest ∆ in Gibbs energy of different mRNA–miRNA–Argonaute (AGO) protein complexes. The involvement of the best candidate identified in silico, miR-190b, in Xbp1 splicing was confirmed in vitro using T3-treated cells pre-incubated with the specific miRNA inhibitor, providing a preliminary indication of its role as an effector of EndoR-stress-induced apoptosis.
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Kang, Yun Sil, You Chul Chung, Jung No Lee, Bong Seok Kim und Chang-Gu Hyun. „Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-Methylcoumarin on LPS-Stimulated Macrophage Phosphorylation in MAPK Signaling Pathways“. Natural Product Communications 16, Nr. 5 (Mai 2021): 1934578X2110209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x211020970.
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Coumarin derivatives, such as esculetin, have various physiological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-cancer. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (6,7-DH-4MC) is a derivative of esculetin, and its anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism in macrophages have not been studied. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of 6,7-DH-4MC was evaluated by measuring the expression of inflammatory factors (NO and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results revealed that 6,7-DH-4MC significantly reduced NO levels and PGE2 expression without inducing cytotoxicity; it was confirmed that the inhibition of NO and PGE2 expression was related to iNOS and COX-2 downregulation in response to 6,7-DH-4MC treatment. Moreover, 6,7-DH-4MC decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies revealed reduced phosphorylation of ERK and p38-MAPK upon 6,7-DH-4MC treatment. Furthermore, the degradation of IκB-α and phosphorylation of NF-κB in cells treated with LPS were interrupted by 6,7-DH-4MC treatment. These results suggest that 6,7-DH-4MC is a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of 6,7-DH-4MC in RAW 264.7 cells via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Osunsanmi, Foluso O., Lungelo Yotwana, Rebamang A. Mosa, Ai-Lin Liu, Li Gao, Guan-Hua Du und Andy R. Opoku. „In vitro antiviral, antioxidant and in vivo antipyretic activity of three South Africa medicinal plants crude extracts“. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas 21, Nr. 5 (30.09.2022): 620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37360/blacpma.22.21.5.38.
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This study investigated anti-viral, antioxidant activity and anti-pyretic of crude extract from Artemisia afra, Artemisia absinthium and Pittiosporum viridflorum leaves. The crude extracts were prepared by maceration using aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane respectively. Antiviral studies were evaluated with influenza virus using Fluorescence based -Neuraminidase inhibitors. Antioxidant activities determined with DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydroxyl and super oxide anion radicals’ Anti-pyretic activities were evaluated using rats with yeast induced pyrexia. Total phenol, flavonoids, and pro-anthocyanin contents of the plants samples were evaluated using standard protocols. The crude extracts exhibited neuraminidase inhibitory activity against the influenza virus at different thresholds. Artemisia absinthium aqueous extract showed the best activity against A/Sydney/5/97. Whereas Artemisia afra methanol crude extract displayed highest antioxidant potential against the tested antioxidant parameters. All the crude extracts significantly reversed yeast induced pyrexia in rats, similar to paracetamol. Thus, they could serve as natural remedy for respiratory diseases such as Influenza.
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Rajkumar, R. Vinodh. „Conjoint Citizen Participation of Pro-vaxxers and Vaccine Deniers to Eradicate Vaccination Conflicts: Illuminating a Novel Win-Win Pathway“. International Journal of Research and Review 10, Nr. 2 (11.02.2023): 394–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230250.
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Conflicts among pro-vaxxers and vaccine deniers will remain endless if both these groups fail to view vaccination through an unusual lens agreeable to both. Citizen participation encourages people to get involved in decision-making processes to build a better society or nation. Pro-vaxxers and vaccine deniers might be correct from their health activism and citizen participation standpoint but lack effective basis towards scientific precision. Under such circumstances, it is important to scrutinize if any aspect of the science remains neglected to facilitate resolving persistent conflicts. Lack of immunological tests to objectively measure the natural and adaptive immunity could have been instrumental in vaccination disputes. Epidemiological findings and publications should not be solely trusted to devise public health strategies. Affordable and precise immunological tests to prove the necessity and efficacy of vaccination on an individual level should be discovered to equally benefit pro-vaxxers and vaccine deniers. Perhaps, such immunological tests should be made disease-specific and vaccine-specific, and also enable development of an immunological classification system with gradations for immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. If disease-specific immunological tests are unavailable or cannot be discovered, tests based on homeostasis could be the best alternative but the relationship between homeostasis and immunity is surprisingly neither well established nor widely discussed, thus, immunity may be often seen as an ‘isolated’, ‘vaccine-dependent’ department in the human body. Any prophylactic intervention or treatment should upbring measurable changes in homeostasis of an individual to prove its scientific credibility. Ideally, both pro-vaxxers and vaccine deniers should be labeled as ‘defeated’ in their meaningless tug-of-war for being ignorant about “objective immunoassays”. As citizens, the pro-vaxxers and vaccine deniers have important onus to eradicate vaccination disputes by exploring what is equally relevant and beneficial to both of them to evaluate and regulate their immunity to ensure satisfactory personal health and community health, without any obligation to be sacrificial to justify the authenticity of their citizen participation. A scope for pro-vaxxers and vaccine deniers to work together (conjoint citizen participation) to eradicate vaccination conflicts is possible only based on ‘affordable and reliable immunological test’ to clinically examine themselves and clearly interpret if they are genuinely contributing to herd immunity or sabotaging herd immunity through their personal immune status. Even a single individual could contribute to massive scientific transformations through his or her discoveries, or just through critically questioning established scientific practices, and this is how naturally science evolves as a marvelous product of intellectual humility. Pseudoscience evolves as a malevolent product of intellectual arrogance. Keywords: Citizen Participation, Vaccination, Immunology, Pro-vaxxers, Vaccine deniers, Herd immunity, Antibodies, Innate immunity, Adaptive immunity, Immunological memory
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Christodoulou, Michael S., Federica Villa, Andrea Pinto und Francesca Cappitelli. „Correlation between Perturbation of Redox Homeostasis and Antibiofilm Capacity of Phytochemicals at Non-Lethal Concentrations“. Antioxidants 11, Nr. 12 (12.12.2022): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122451.
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Biofilms are the multicellular lifestyle of microorganisms and are present on potentially every type of biotic or abiotic surface. Detrimental biofilms are generally targeted with antimicrobial compounds. Phytochemicals at sub-lethal concentrations seem to be an exciting alternative strategy to control biofilms, as they are less likely to impose selective pressure leading to resistance. This overview gathers the literature on individual phytocompounds rather than on extracts of which the use is difficult to reproduce. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to target only individual phytochemicals below inhibitory concentrations against biofilm formation. We explored whether there is an overall mechanism that can explain the effects of individual phytochemicals at sub-lethal concentrations. Interestingly, in all experiments reported here in which oxidative stress was investigated, a modest increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species was reported in treated cells compared to untreated specimens. At sub-lethal concentrations, polyphenolic substances likely act as pro-oxidants by disturbing the healthy redox cycle and causing an accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
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Ansyah, Raji, Grzegorz Filcek und David M. Ramsey. „EVALUATING A COMPUTER APPLICATION THAT AIDS MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING“. Multiple Criteria Decision Making 18 (2023): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22367/mcdm.2023.18.03.
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In this article, we describe and assess the implementation of several methods of multi-criteria decision-making using a web-based computer application. Such an application makes it easier to determine the effective- ness of decisions. The methods adopted in this application are SMART (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique), AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Pro- cess), and ANP (Analytic Network Process). Each of these methods has distinctive characteristics in determining the best alternative for the user. This study assesses the feasibility of each method in the application. The application is assessed based on functionality, reliability, efficiency, and usability. (1) Functionality is tested according to the appropriateness of the decisions made, (2) Reliability is assessed using stress testing, (3) Effi- ciency is assessed according to the computational effort, and (4) System usability is tested according to the user’s answers to the Computer System Usability Questionnaire authored by J.R. Lewis. This research results in a decision support system based on SMART that has been appropriately tested and is ready for use. Keywords: multi-criteria analysis, SMART, AHP, ANP, system usability.
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Das, Sanghita, Achintya Saha, Pompy Patowary, Pakter Niri, Danswrang Goyary, Sanjeev Karmakar und Pronobesh Chattopadhyay. „Assessment of toxicological consequences upon acute inhalation exposure to chemically improvised nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) containing oleoresin capsicum and skatole“. Toxicology Research 10, Nr. 6 (27.10.2021): 1129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab095.
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Abstract Sensory irritation is an acute adverse effect leading to temporary disability posed by riot control agents in various deployable forms are utilized by defense personal in violent mob attacks but their irreversible toxic effects and risk assessment have been a matter of concern. These intimidating risks of available riot control agents have led to exploring the pulmonary toxicity profile of the oil in water emulsion formulation developed for vicious crowd controls containing an irritant oleoresin capsicum, a malodorant (skatole), and a commercial dye, followed by characterization using standard methods. Nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) has been aimed to be the best possible low-lethal alternative for riot control measures. In this study, 30 min of acute inhalation exposure of NCF was given to Wistar rats and various respiratory parameters like lung dynamics, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytological assays, pro-inflammatory cytokines estimation, antioxidant activity, collagen accumulation, cytotoxicity, in vivo lung imaging, western blot, histology of lung tissue, etc. were investigated to validate its potentiality and rate of irritation reversibility as nonlethal agents. An exaggerated physiological change like sensory irritation, changes in lung functional variables, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, etc. were noticed initially without airway obstruction as the expression of nociceptive TRPV1 protein did not alter the physiological regulation of protective proteins like Nrf2 and HO-1 and also no abnormality was found in lung tissue architecture. In conclusion, it can be stated that this formulation can be explored as a nonlethal riot control agent intending to generate discomfort but with early reversibility of sensory irritation and no recurrence of toxicity.
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Amin, Amr, Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Matthias Ocker und Regine Schneider-Stock. „Overview of Major Classes of Plant-Derived Anticancer Drugs“. International Journal of Biomedical Science 5, Nr. 1 (15.03.2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2009.5001.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional cancer therapies cause serious side effects and, at best, merely extend the patient's lifespan by a few years. Cancer control may therefore benefit from the potential that resides in alternative therapies. The demand to utilize alternative concepts or approaches to the treatment of cancer is therefore escalating. There is compelling evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies that highlight the importance of compounds derived from plants "phytochemicals" to reduce the risk of colon cancer and inhibit the development and spread of tumors in experimental animals. More than 25% of drugs used during the last 20 years are directly derived from plants, while the other 25% are chemically altered natural products. Still, only 5-15% of the approximately 250,000 higher plants have ever been investigated for bioactive compounds. The advantage of using such compounds for cancer treatment is their relatively non-toxic nature and availability in an ingestive form. An ideal phytochemical is one that possesses anti-tumor properties with minimal toxicity and has a defined mechanism of action. As compounds that target specific signaling pathways are identified, researchers can envisage novel therapeutic approaches as well as a better understanding of the pathways involved in disease progression. Here, we focus on 4 classes of natural anticancer drugs: methyltransferase inhibitors, DNA damaging/pro-oxidant drugs, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), and mitotic disrupters, and we will focus on the mode of action for one promising example per group.
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McCartney, Alexandra, Julia Singer, Reenika Aggarwal, Katrina Hueniken, Raiza Commiting, Shubhangi Shah, Susan Tang et al. „Performance of the patient reported CAPLET2.0 physical functioning assessment tool.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, Nr. 27_suppl (20.09.2019): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.194.
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194 Background: CAPLET is a published patient reported outcome measure which assesses domains of physical function efficiently in cancer patients through a branching logic algorithm using a patient-reported outcome version of ECOG performance status and EQ5D-3L health utility score (PMID: 29982902; a total of 6 screening questions). We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of this tool after updating it with screening questions from the EQ5D-5L (CAPLET2.0) as opposed to the previously published EQ5D-3L screener (CAPLET). Methods: Eligible cancer patients across all outpatient clinics and disease sites (solid and liquid cancers) at the Princess Margaret Cancer Center completed a questionnaire on touch-screen technology containing the EQ5D-5L, patient-reported outcome (PRO)-ECOG performance scale, the gold standard WHODAS 2.0 (12 items) and HAQ-DI (20 items) physical functioning questionnaires, and a clinico-demographic survey. Results: Of 261 patients, 53% were female, 61% were Caucasian, and 71% had English as a first language. Disease sites included: 12% breast, 10% gastrointestinal, 12% genitourinary, 19% gynecological, 13% head and neck, 13% lung and 13% hematological cancers. The optimal branching logic cut-points were identified when PRO-ECOG, scored as 0-1 and individual EQ5D items scored with the best functioning category allowed specific WHODAS/HAQ-DI questions to be skipped. Against individual WHODAS-HAQ-DI items, CAPLET2.0 had sensitivities ranging from 83-100% (median 93%), and specificities of 50-82% (median 58%). Using CAPLET 2.0, 45% of patients could have skipped all but five questions measuring mental health and cognition which are always asked. Sensitivities, specificities and the proportion of questions that could have been skipped were all similar to the original CAPLET tool. Conclusions: CAPLET2.0, which uses the updated EQ5D-5L and PRO-ECOG as screening questions to assess physical function in cancer patients has comparable performance to the original CAPLET tool. CAPLET2.0 is therefore a viable alternative physical functioning screening tool for both routine and research use.
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RȪSSNER, PHILIPP ROBINSON. „HECKSCHER RELOADED? MERCANTILISM, THE STATE, AND EUROPE'S TRANSITION TO INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1600–1900*“. Historical Journal 58, Nr. 2 (11.05.2015): 663–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000600.
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Recent years have seen an increase in the number of historical studies dealing with the state and its involvement in the process of economic growth, both prior to and during the transition known as industrialization. This is striking inasmuch as for a long time the state as an actor had been absent from the master narratives in history. It is still lacking in most studies on the Great Divergence, i.e. the story explaining the long-run differential growth trajectories between Europe and Asia, c.ad1500–2000. It has been, likewise, missing in the more ‘Euro-centrist’ accounts on the perceived ‘European miracle’ – models that were to an extent influenced by neoclassical theory about market performance and economic development, which quite naturally saw little room for the pro-active state in the explanation of economic success, and against which much of the Great Divergence narrative was developed as an alternative model. As an actor, the state has also been missing from most of the accounts on Europe's first transition to industrialization. And it has had, until very recently, very little place in modern economic theory explaining long-run growth and economic change. Even the wider public opinion – just think of journalist T. Friedman's early 2000s best-sellerThe world is flat – had, by the late twentieth century, increasingly subscribed to the idea that free markets, unfettered globalization, and the ‘invisible hand’ were the best means to achieve economic health.
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Zhu, Huayuan, Xiaotong Li, Xinqi Zheng, Juejin Wang, Hanning Tang, Wei Xu und Jianyong Li. „PTBP1 Regulates Alternative Splicing of Apoptotic Protein: Implications in CLL and Ibrutinib Resistance“. Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13.11.2019): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126945.
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Introduction : Ibrutinib, an oral, selective inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), dramatically improved Progression-free survival (PFS) and Overall survival (OS) compared with immunochemotherapy in CLL both in first line and relapsed/refractory patients. However, some patients did progress on ibrutinb with dismal outcome. The underlying mechanism remains to be investigated beyond evolving of BTK and/or PLCg2 mutation, the dysfunction of apoptotic protein and mitochondrial apoptotic dependencies may be involves in ibrutinib resistance. PTBP1 (Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1), a splicing factor, was found to be necessary for B cell selection in germinal centers. Knocking out PTBP1 in B cell resulted in impaired BCR-mediated B-cell activation and antibody production. Here, we investigate the regulation of PTBP1 on alternative splicing of apoptotic protein and its implications in CLL and ibrutinib resistance. Methods: Eighty-one CLL patients and 5 healthy controls were enrolled in this study from January 2010 to May 2018. The PTBP1 mRNA expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot. We analyzed the PTBP1 expression with established CLL prognostic factors such as p53 and IGHV mutation status, and treatment to first treatment (TTFT). Resistant MEC-1 cell line was established by intermittently incubating with ibrutinib at a low concentration for short intervals and then gradually increased to 2-fold of IC50 value. Cells were allowed to recover every time after washing off the drug. RT-PCR was performed for both long and short isoform of MCL-1 by using specific primer in both parent and resistant cell lines and series ibrutinb-treated (both sensitive and resistant) patients' primary cells. Resistant MEC-1 cell line was cultured in RPMI 1640 without ibrutinib for 48hrs before transfection, siRNA targeting with PTBP1 mRNA and non-targeting siRNA were transfected into cells by using lipofectamine 3000. The transfection efficiency were verified by Western blot after 24 h and ibrutinib was added into resistant cell line. Apoptosis was then analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM) after 24 hrs. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were established to verify the best cut-off value in differentiating the high or low expression of PTBP1 mRNA. Time-to-first-treatment (TTFT) interval was defined as interval from diagnosis to first treatment. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software program. Results: The expression of PTBP1 in CLL primary patients was significantly increased than 5 healthy donors (p < 0.01)(A). Patients with IGHV-mutated had higher level of PTBP1 as compared with patients with IGHV-unmutated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Higher level of PTBP1 was associated with shorter TTFT in whole cohort, also in IGHV-mutated and unmutated subgroup (p < 0.05)(B). We further demonstrated that PTBP1 was aberrant expressed in ibrutinib resistant MEC-1 cell line or ibrutinib resistant primary patients' samples, as compared with parent cell line or patients' baseline samples. We also found the dysregulation of alternative splicing of MCL-1 in ibrutinib resistant models, presented with increased anti-apoptotic MCL-1L and decreased pro-apoptotic MCL-1S(C). Moreover, knocking down of PTBP1 sensitized CLL to ibrutinib via switching alternative splicing of MCL-1 to its pro-apoptotic isform MCL-1S(D). Conclusions: The splicing factor PTBP1 is involved in the pathogenesis of CLL. Its aberrant expression may lead to the dysregulation of alternative splicing of MCL-1, resulted in increased MCL-1L/s ratio. PTBP1 can be as a promising target for the treatment of CLL patients progressed on ibrutinib. Figure Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Mwanza, Mabvuto, und Kline Tarcisius Mapfumo. „Techno-Economic Studies of Integration of Solar PV Technology in Telecommunications Sector for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Budiriro“. Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 13, Nr. 4 (08.04.2023): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4268.
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The telecommunications industry in Zimbabwe keeps growing with an increase in the number of users year by year. The demand on the national grid and low power supply means long hours of electricity outages, which prompts Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to use generators as backup power to keep base stations online for uninterrupted provision of internet to consumers. Generator systems increase the operation expenditure (OPEX) of running base stations, produce GHG emissions and in tern attract an additional cost of emission. This causes an increase in the cost of running the business and consequently internet data prices. A case study was conducted in Budiriro. A framework was developed which analysed six combinations (Grid + Generator, Generator only, Generator + Solar, Solar only, Grid + Solar, and Grid only) of power sources based on sustainability pillars; Economical, Environmental, and Social, as well as Technical. The six alternatives were simulated in HOMER Pro, a system that evaluates designs for both off-grid and grid-connected power systems, to determine the output (power output, investments, costs, and emissions) of these individual systems. Using a sub-criterion of 15 pairwise combinations, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to rank these systems, and the best solution was chosen based on the main criteria of the sustainability pillars. The result shows that Grid + Solar PV system provides the best optimal alternative power system to power base stations for the study area, substituting Grid + Generator systems (Existing system). It reduces OPEX by over 1,000 percent offering 37 percent more power and 41.13 tonnes of GHG emissions avoided per year. Socially, power sharing between households and base stations as well as reduction of air and noise pollution. The optimal alternative power source for the base station proposed here in this study will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and dependence on grid and operation costs which in turn will reduce data prices, increase internet accessibility at affordable rates and provide a sustainable future for telecommunications businesses in Budiriro.
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Lawrence, Brett. „Classifying Forest Structure of Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Habitat Using Structure from Motion Elevation Data Derived from sUAS Imagery“. Drones 6, Nr. 1 (15.01.2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6010026.
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Small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) and relatively new photogrammetry software solutions are creating opportunities for forest managers to perform spatial analysis more efficiently and cost-effectively. This study aims to identify a method for leveraging these technologies to analyze vertical forest structure of Red-cockaded Woodpecker habitat in Montgomery County, Texas. Traditional sampling methods would require numerous hours of ground surveying and data collection using various measuring techniques. Structure from Motion (SfM), a photogrammetric method for creating 3-D structure from 2-D images, provides an alternative to relatively expensive LIDAR sensing technologies and can accurately model the high level of complexity found within our study area’s vertical structure. DroneDeploy, a photogrammetry processing app service, was used to post-process and create a point cloud, which was later further processed into a Canopy Height Model (CHM). Using supervised, object-based classification and comparing multiple classifier algorithms, classifications maps were generated with a best overall accuracy of 84.8% using Support Vector Machine in ArcGIS Pro software. Appropriately sized training sample datasets, correctly processed elevation data, and proper image segmentation were among the major factors impacting classification accuracy during the numerous classification iterations performed.
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Bakopoulos, Daniel, James C. Whisstock und Travis K. Johnson. „Control of growth factor signalling by MACPF proteins“. Biochemical Society Transactions 47, Nr. 3 (17.06.2019): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20180179.
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AbstractMembers of the membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) protein superfamily have long captured interest because of their unique ability to assemble into large oligomeric pores on the surfaces of cells. The best characterised of these act in vertebrate immunity where they function to deliver pro-apoptotic factors or induce the cytolysis and death of targeted cells. Less appreciated, however, is that rather than causing cell death, MACPF proteins have also evolved to control cellular signalling pathways and influence developmental programmes such as pattern formation and neurogenesis. Torso-like (Tsl) from the fruit fly Drosophila, for example, functions to localise the activity of a growth factor for patterning its embryonic termini. It remains unclear whether these developmental proteins employ an attenuated form of the classical MACPF lytic pore, or if they have evolved to function via alternative mechanisms of action. In this minireview, we examine the evidence that links pore-forming MACPF proteins to the control of growth factor and cytokine signalling. We will then attempt to reconcile how the MACPF domain may have been repurposed during evolution for developmental events rather than cell killing.
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Lipkin, Joan. „Rabble-Rousing in St Louis with That Uppity Theatre“. New Theatre Quarterly 9, Nr. 36 (November 1993): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00008265.
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Joan Lipkin, playwright, poet, and theatre director, has won considerable critical acclaim – and some calculated abuse – for the political work of her company, That Uppity Theatre, in St Louis, Missouri. Her role-reversing pro-choice musical, He's Having Her Baby, provided the focal point for the preceding article, and one of her earliest pieces, Half-Time, about football in American life, performed in front of a bank vault, launched the city's alternative space movement. Her other better-known pieces include Some of My Best Friends Are …, Love and Work and Other Four-Letter Words, Will the Real Foster Parents Please Stand Up? and Small Domestic Acts. To support her theatre work over the years, Lipkin has worked in roles as various as waitress, art critic, journalist, and television producer: initially trained as a historian, she has also taught at university level for ten years. She is, in her own words, ‘always a rabble-rouser, that's been in the family history for a while’. Lizbeth Goodman interviewed Lipkin in Canada, during the ‘Breaking the Surface’ festival and conference at the University of Calgary in November 1991.
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Olkiewicz, Marcin, Joanna Alicja Dyczkowska und Anna Maria Olkiewicz. „Financial Aspects of Energy Investments in the Era of Shaping Stable Energy Development in Poland: A Case Study“. Energies 16, Nr. 23 (28.11.2023): 7814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16237814.
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Investments in green energy are necessary due to, among other reasons, the growing expectations of stakeholders, climate change, limited natural resources, and improved quality of life. Unfortunately, the costs of implementing pro-environmental activities related to investing in technologies using alternative methods of obtaining energy are significant, which is why more and more entities are analyzing their profitability. The aim of this study, as part of a case study, is to assess the energy investment in PV panels in the logistics center (LC) being built in Central Pomerania. The analyzed investment fits into the activities of the development perspective of the renewable energy sources sector and is also very important from the perspective of shaping the conditions and stable development of the energy industry in Poland. The study proved that such a large investment, taking into account various forms of financing, will pay off within 15 years, which is a very good result from the point of view of its durability. The best variant of capital involvement is the option 20 (own capital)/80 (outsourced capital), which, among other things, confirms (in thousands of euros) NPV = 4.43, NPV (TGeBase) = 0.04, and NPV (CAPEX) = 4.32.
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Bravo, Rafael R., Brenden K. Peterson, Mark Robertson-Tessi, Daniel M. Faissol und Alexander R. A. Anderson. „Abstract B008: Man vs machine: Crowdsourcing vs deep learning of adaptive therapy strategies“. Cancer Research 82, Nr. 10_Supplement (15.05.2022): B008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.evodyn22-b008.
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Abstract Cancer Crusade is a citizen science game in which players design treatment strategies to influence a virtual tumor growth model. The treatment regimens that the players construct are collected and sent to an online database for analysis, which may give insights into clinically effective adaptive strategies. In parallel, a machine learning-based approach was applied to the game to find optimal treatment policies, and the optimized therapy approaches generated are compared to those generated by the human players. For the core game engine in Cancer Crusade, we started with a previously published hybrid cellular automata model of tumor metabolism and growth. The original model was used to study how tumor cells evolve acid-mediated invasion and the impact of treatment on these metabolic processes. We expanded the model by adding more drugs and cell phenotypes, including drug-resistant cells. The game was released on mobile platforms and has been generating data from plays for several years. The treatment strategies were analyzed using dendrogram clustering to find key decision differences and profile their relative performance. We also performed network analysis to observe treatment transitions. These analyses indicated several effective adaptive strategies, which tended to oscillate between chemotherapy and a pro-angiogenic drug, or chemotherapy and a hypoxia-activated prodrug, or combinations of all three of these drugs. These results parallel a machine learning (Q-learning) approach to the problem, which yielded a preferred strategy based on chemotherapy combined with a pro-angiogenic drug. The existence of several human-discovered alternative strategies suggests that in general human players may offer greater variety of successful strategies via citizen science games than Q-learning. The human and machine learning approaches also excelled in different areas. Human players tended to use less drug overall, and perform best on less aggressive tumors, while the Q-learning approach used more drug overall and performed best on more aggressive tumors. Citation Format: Rafael R. Bravo, Brenden K. Peterson, Mark Robertson-Tessi, Daniel M. Faissol, Alexander R.A. Anderson. Man vs machine: Crowdsourcing vs deep learning of adaptive therapy strategies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B008.
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Sarpin, Sarpin, Ibrahim Ibrahim und Herza Herza. „FROM CONFLICT TO ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION: A CASE STUDY OF LOCAL INHABITANTS’ RESISTANCE TO TIN MINING IN SELINDUNG VILLAGE, BANGKA BARAT“. Berumpun: International Journal of Social, Politics, and Humanities 4, Nr. 2 (30.10.2021): 196–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/berumpun.v4i2.56.
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The sea and the cost with the abundant resources frequently become the competition among the groups of interest. The competition is close to the conflict and ends up with the physical and verbal violence. Selindung village located in the coast area of Muntok, West Bangka is the area of the abundant resources, marine biota, and tin commodity. The contradiction of the economic interest causes the emerge of longer conflict. This study aims to map these conflicts and offers to the best alternative to cope with. This study is a qualitative research with the interview and observation strategy as the data collection. The result of the conflict mapping shows that the conflicted area shows the social tension. The pro and anti tin mining groups clash each other with the company interest, the local government, and the impact of the local people’s occupation interfere that causes a conflict. The conflict itself has experienced up and down however the various tin mining moduses stand still. The conflicts that have been mapped are the competition of resource access, the social jealousy, the policy of the maritime politics that does not accommodate the fishermen’ interest, as well as the issue of identity. There are four alternatives to get over these conflicts by referring to Galtung’s perspective namely supporting the role of government to be more accommodating and communicative to the majority interest, ensuring no extending licence of a large scale mining in the future, mediating by having two neutral parties, and finding new economic alternative to the local people who have already been depended on the mining activity.
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Avitabile, Teresio, Claudio Azzolini, Francesco Bandello, Francesco Boscia, Sandro De Falco, Diego Fornasari, Paolo Lanzetta et al. „Aflibercept in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: A Review and Consensus Paper“. European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, Nr. 6 (14.10.2017): 627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5001053.
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Purpose To reach a consensus, among experts, on the role of aflibercept in diabetic macular edema (DME) through literature review. Methods Two round tables, involving 12 Italian experts, were organized: in the first one, 6 pharmacologic and clinical questions were selected and analyzed by a systematic literature review, using a population, intervention, control, and outcomes framework; in the second one, the nominal group technique was used to discuss relevant evidence related to each question. The consensus was assessed using the 5-point Delphi score. Results Agreement on statements was reached on 6/6 questions. The final statements were as follows: 1) High levels of both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor play an important role in the pathogenesis of DME. 2) The aflibercept pharmacologic profile is notably different from that of other anti-VEGF. 3) Aflibercept significantly improves functional and anatomical outcomes, and rapidly improves best-corrected visual acuity up to its peak; these results remain stable over time. 4) Diabetic macular edema aflibercept treatment requires a 5-monthly injection loading phase. Alternatively, a personalized pro re nata (PRN) regimen based on monthly monitoring and strict retreatment criteria can be used. 5) As an alternative to the bimonthly fixed regimen, in the maintenance phase the treatment schedule may be a PRN regimen with strict retreatment criteria or a treat and extend regimen. 6) No concerns on aflibercept ocular and systemic safety emerged from the literature. Conclusions Consensus was reached among experts on how to best treat patients with DME with aflibercept.
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Kasprzak, Aldona, und Witold Szaflarski. „Role of Alternatively Spliced Messenger RNA (mRNA) Isoforms of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in Selected Human Tumors“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 19 (23.09.2020): 6995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21196995.
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key regulator of tissue growth and development that is also implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. The human IGF1 gene contains six exons and five long introns, the transcription of which is controlled by two promoters (P1 and P2). Alternate promoter usage, as well as alternative splicing (AS) of IGF1, results in the expression of six various variants (isoforms) of mRNA, i.e., IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB, and IIC. A mature 70-kDa IGF1 protein is coded only by exons 3 and 4, while exons 5 and 6 are alternatively spliced code for the three C-terminal E peptides: Ea (exon 6), Eb (exon 5), and Ec (fragments of exons 5 and 6). The most abundant of those transcripts is IGF1Ea, followed by IGF1Eb and IGF1Ec (also known as mechano-growth factor, MGF). The presence of different IGF1 transcripts suggests tissue-specific auto- and/or paracrine action, as well as separate regulation of both of these gene promoters. In physiology, the role of different IGF1 mRNA isoforms and pro-peptides is best recognized in skeletal muscle tissue. Their functions include the development and regeneration of muscles, as well as maintenance of proper muscle mass. In turn, in nervous tissue, a neuroprotective function of short peptides, produced as a result of IGF1 expression and characterized by significant blood-brain barrier penetrance, has been described and could be a potential therapeutic target. When it comes to the regulation of carcinogenesis, the potential biological role of different var iants of IGF1 mRNAs and pro-peptides is also intensively studied. This review highlights the role of IGF1 isoform expression (mRNAs, proteins) in physiology and different types of human tumors (e.g., breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate and thyroid cancers), as well as mechanisms of IGF1 spliced variants involvement in tumor biology.
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Gollob, Christoph, Tim Ritter, Ralf Kraßnitzer, Andreas Tockner und Arne Nothdurft. „Measurement of Forest Inventory Parameters with Apple iPad Pro and Integrated LiDAR Technology“. Remote Sensing 13, Nr. 16 (07.08.2021): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163129.
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The estimation of single tree and complete stand information is one of the central tasks of forest inventory. In recent years, automatic algorithms have been successfully developed for the detection and measurement of trees with laser scanning technology. Nevertheless, most of the forest inventories are nowadays carried out with manual tree measurements using traditional instruments. This is due to the high investment costs for modern laser scanner equipment and, in particular, the time-consuming and incomplete nature of data acquisition with stationary terrestrial laser scanners. Traditionally, forest inventory data are collected through manual surveys with calipers or tapes. Practically, this is both labor and time-consuming. In 2020, Apple implemented a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor in the new Apple iPad Pro (4th Gen) and iPhone Pro 12. Since then, access to LiDAR-generated 3D point clouds has become possible with consumer-level devices. In this study, an Apple iPad Pro was tested to produce 3D point clouds, and its performance was compared with a personal laser scanning (PLS) approach to estimate individual tree parameters in different forest types and structures. Reference data were obtained by traditional measurements on 21 circular forest inventory sample plots with a 7 m radius. The tree mapping with the iPad showed a detection rate of 97.3% compared to 99.5% with the PLS scans for trees with a lower diameter at a breast height (dbh) threshold of 10 cm. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the best dbh measurement out of five different dbh modeling approaches was 3.13 cm with the iPad and 1.59 cm with PLS. The data acquisition time with the iPad was approximately 7.51 min per sample plot; this is twice as long as that with PLS but 2.5 times shorter than that with traditional forest inventory equipment. In conclusion, the proposed forest inventory with the iPad is generally feasible and achieves accurate and precise stem counts and dbh measurements with efficient labor effort compared to traditional approaches. Along with future technological developments, it is expected that other consumer-level handheld devices with integrated laser scanners will also be developed beyond the iPad, which will serve as an accurate and cost-efficient alternative solution to the approved but relatively expensive TLS and PLS systems. Such a development would be mandatory to broadly establish digital technology and fully automated routines in forest inventory practice. Finally, high-level progress is generally expected for the broader scientific community in forest ecosystem monitoring, as the collection of highly precise 3D point cloud data is no longer hindered by financial burdens.
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Costa, Tatiane Silva, und Marcelo Gradella Villalva. „Technical Evaluation of a PV-Diesel Hybrid System with Energy Storage: Case Study in the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, Amazon, Brazil“. Energies 13, Nr. 11 (09.06.2020): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112969.
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In 2018 the number of people without access to electricity dropped to less than 1 billion. However, the difficulty of serving these people became higher, as the locations are in the most remote areas of the world. Brazil, for example, needs to bring electricity to around 1 million people who, in the vast majority, live within the Amazon region. In this way, hybrid energy systems (HESs) count as an attractive alternative for power generation, especially in remote areas. Therefore, this article analyzes a case study of a hybrid photovoltaic-diesel system installed in the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon region. The studied plant is composed of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a lead-acid electrochemical battery bank, a diesel generator, and electro-electronic loads with highly variable demand throughout the year. The HOMER PRO software is used as the simulation tool. The results show that the load following dispatch strategy is the best option, with 85.6% of the load demand being supplied by PV energy and only 14.4% by the diesel generator set. As a result, the system is technically feasible to be replicated as a reliable energy source in other areas of the reserve to supply schools, public health places, and other community services.
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Castro Miranda, Sergio Lautaro, Enrique Del Rey Castillo, Vicente Gonzalez und Johnson Adafin. „Predictive Analytics for Early-Stage Construction Costs Estimation“. Buildings 12, Nr. 7 (19.07.2022): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071043.
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Low accuracy in the estimation of construction costs at early stages of projects has driven the research on alternative costing methods that take advantage of computing advances, however, direct implications in their use for practice is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate how predictive analytics could enhance cost estimation of buildings at early stages by performing a systematic literature review on predictive analytics implementations for the early-stage cost estimation of building projects. The outputs of the study are: (1) an extensive database; (2) a list of cost drivers; and (3) a comparison between the various techniques. The findings suggest that predictive analytic techniques are appropriate for practice due to their higher level of accuracy. The discussion has three main implications: (a) predictive analytics for cost estimation have not followed the best practices and standard methodologies; (b) predictive analytics techniques are ready for industry adoption; and (c) the study can be a reference for high-level decision-makers to implement predictive analytics in cost estimation. Knowledge of predictive analytics could assist stakeholders in playing a key role in improving the accuracy of cost forecast in the construction market, thus, enabling pro-active management of the project owner’s budget.