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Brizuela, Armel, Karol Jiménez-Alfaro, Nelson Pérez-Rojas und Guaner Rojas-Rojas. „Autorreportes verbales en voz alta para la identificación de procesos de razonamiento en pruebas estandarizadas / Verbal Self-reporting to Identify Reasoning Processes in Standardized Tests“. Revista Costarricense de Psicología 35, Nr. 1 (29.06.2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v35i01.02.
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<p>Los estándares actuales, para la evaluación de la calidad psicométrica de las pruebas psicológicas y educativas, estipulan que una de las evidencias requeridas que justifican las inferencias derivadas de la aplicación de un test se refiere a las estrategias para contestar a los ítems que lo componen. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente artículo se propone presentar los resultados de una investigación, que consistió en la ejecución de entrevistas semiestructuradas a un conjunto de 15 estudiantes universitarios de primer ingreso, cuyos reportes orales fueron analizados con el objetivo de fundamentar un conjunto de estrategias para contestar los ítems verbales de la Prueba de Aptitud Académica de la Universidad de Costa Rica, que habían sido identificadas previamente. Los resultados indican que efectivamente los participantes emplearon las estrategias propuestas, lo cual constituye una evidencia de gran importancia sobre las habilidades de razonamiento que se miden con los ítems verbales de la Prueba de Aptitud Académica. Finalmente, se concluye con una discusión sobre los resultados acerca de la utilidad de los autorreportes verbales que recaban evidencias de validez para un test y sobre futuras investigaciones en esta línea.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Abstract Current standards for assessing the psychometric quality of psychological and educational tests stipulate that one indication required to justify the inferences derived from the application of a test are those related to answering strategies for the test items. Thus, this article presents the results of a study that involved the execution of semi-structured interviews with a group of 15 college freshmen, whose oral reports were analyzed to provide support for a set of strategies to answer previously identified verbal items from the “Academic Aptitude Test” (Prueba de Aptitud Académica) at the Universidad de Costa Rica. The results indicate that participants actually used the proposed strategies, which is important evidence about the reasoning skills measured by the Prueba de Aptitud Académica verbal items. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the results, the usefulness of verbal self-reports to gather evidence for test validity and future research along these lines.</p>
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Parent Mathias, Veronica, Jerónimo García Romero, Maria José Campoy Sanchez und José Ramón Alvero Cruz. „Análisis de los criterios de selección en las pruebas de aptitud en el acceso a los estudios oficiales de danza (Analysis of selection criteria in the access tests to official Dance studies)“. Retos, Nr. 29 (18.12.2015): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i29.34231.
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El acceso a los estudios oficiales de Danza, se realizan mediante pruebas de aptitud en los Conservatorios Profesionales de Danza de España y realizadas por profesores de Danza que evalúan aptitudes rítmicas, expresivas y psicomotrices y por otra parte, médicos que realizan una evaluación de las características físicas. La selección de los alumnos se realiza en función de los resultados de estas pruebas. Se analiza en este documento cuales son las características principales que rigen las calificaciones. El tribunal evaluador está formado por profesionales de danza, y se quiere averiguar si existen diferencias entre las diferentes especialidades a la hora de calificar. No han sido encontrados estudios acerca de pruebas específicas para realizar dicha evaluación. Se analizan los ítems de la prueba de aptitud según el profesorado de Enseñanzas de Régimen Especial de Danza, y según las diferentes especialidades que posean con respecto al elemento de la evaluación. Para cumplimentar los objetivos del estudio, datos cuantitativos y cualitativos fueron recogidos con la aplicación de una encuesta ad hoc (n= 27). Los resultados indican que, mientras el profesorado de danza clásica priorizó calificaciones en el ítem peso/talla, morfología del pie y extensión de piernas, los docentes de danza española y flamenco concedieron mayor importancia a la evaluación de la morfología de las piernas y aspectos de ritmo y expresión, mientras que los de la especialidad de contemporáneo destacaron con más importancia la calificación de la morfología de la columna y la pelvis. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la distribución de las calificaciones de determinados ítems de evaluación. Abstrac. Access to official studies in dance is granted following dance aptitude tests in Spanish Professional Conservatories of Dance, performed by dance teachers who evaluate rhythmic, expressive and psychomotor skills and doctors physicians who perform an assessment of the physical characteristics. The selection of students is based on the results of these tests. The aim is to know if there are differences among teachers who evaluate according to their specialty in dance (Ballet, Flamenco, Contemporary or Spanish dance) and the main features determining their ratings. No studies have been found on tests to conduct such evaluations. To complete the objectives of the study, quantitative and qualitative data were collected through the administration of a test (n=27). The results indicate that, while the classical dance teacher prioritized weight/height, foot morphology and leg flexibility, teachers of Spanish dance and flamenco granted greater importance to the evaluation of the morphology of the legs and aspects of rhythm and expression. Teachers of contemporary dance emphasized ratings of spine and pelvis morphology.
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Ferreira, Aristides I., Leandro S. Almeida, Gerardo Prieto Adánez und M. Adelina Guisande. „Memoria e inteligencia: interdependencia en función de los procesos y contenidos de las tareas“. Universitas Psychologica 11, Nr. 2 (16.03.2011): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy11-2.miif.
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Este trabajo procura analizar las características de los factores específicos de la memoria (procesos o contenidos) asociados a Gsm del modelo CHC. Para esto, a una muestra de estudiantes universitarios se le administraron tareas de memoria con diferentes contenidos, varios tests de aptitudes y una prueba de inteligencia general. Se evaluaron dos modelos que relacionan la aptitud general Gsm, bien con la memoria de trabajo y la amplitud de memoria, bien con aptitudes verbales-numéricas y viso-espaciales. Los resultados muestran, para ambos modelos, buenos índices de ajuste, sin embargo, se encontraron datos de regresión estandarizados con una regresión positiva superior entre Gsm y memoria de trabajo y entre Gsm y contenido viso-espacial. También se debe destacar que en ambos modelos se observaron valores de regresión estandarizados de 0.54 y 0.73 entre Gsm y el factor g. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, se discuten algunas implicaciones del estudio para comprender la relación entre inteligencia y memoria.
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Molina Arriola, José Eduardo, Victor Osiris Rodriguez Cervantes, Julio Cesar Lozano Flores, Luis Quintana Rivera, José Moncada Jimenez und Julio Alejandro Gomez Figueroa. „Motor skills as a predictor of academic performance | La aptitud motriz como predictor del rendimiento académico“. ESPIRAL. CUADERNOS DEL PROFESORADO 14, Nr. 28 (16.02.2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/ecp.v14i28.4013.
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Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la asociación entre la aptitud motriz de estudiantes universitarios de primer ingreso y su desempeño académico en los dos periodos lectivos de inicio de la carrera de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación. Participaron 83 voluntarios (Hombres = 60, Mujeres = 23) de la Universidad Veracruzana, México. La aptitud motriz se evaluó con ocho pruebas y el rendimiento académico se midió con el promedio ponderado de dos periodos consecutivos. Los análisis de regresión múltiple mostraron que el salto sin carrera (modelo 1), y gimnasia y encestes de baloncesto (modelo 2) predicen el rendimiento académico. En conclusión, la aptitud motriz predice parcialmente el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de primer ingreso.AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the association between the motor skills of first-year university students and their academic performance in the two initial academic terms of the Physical Education, Sports and Recreation degree. Eighty-three volunteers participated (Men = 60, Women = 23) from the Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico. Motor skills were evaluated with eight tests and academic performance was measured with the weighted average of two consecutive terms. Multiple regression analyses showed that standing jumping (model 1), and gymnastics and effective basketball throws (model 2) predicted academic performance. In conclusion, motor skills partially predict academic performance in first-year students
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Lucas Guadamud, Luis Antonio, und Elva Katherine Aguilar Morocho. „Pruebas de aptitud física para seleccionar talentos deportivos en la Unidad Educativa Fiscal Olmedo“. Revista Cognosis. ISSN 2588-0578 6, Nr. 1 (22.03.2021): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/cognosis.v6i0.2632.
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Los beneficios de la correcta aplicación de test específicos en las clases de Educación física están enfocados en la mejora de la condición física del deportista, así como en la salud; actualmente existe carencia de evaluaciones de la condición física en edades tempranas a nivel escolar, por lo que, se dificulta obtener prospectos deportivos a nivel escolar con proyección a ser deportistas de élite. Esta investigación busca conocer las condiciones físicas de los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Fiscal Olmedo, a través de la aplicación de pruebas de aptitud física mediante las cuales se pueda seleccionar talentos deportivos que destaquen representando a la institución y preparar valores deportivos para la Provincia, el estudio se lo realizó a partir del mes de julio a diciembre 2019, con la colaboración de 121 estudiantes de 3 cursos y la aplicación de 5 tipos de test: test de Cooper, abdomen, sentadillas, pecho y flexibilidad; trabajando esta investigación con los 10 mejores resultados de cada paralelo.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Pruebas de aptitud física; selección de talentos; estado físico; estudiantes.
Physical fitness tests to select sports talents at the Olmedo Fiscal College
ABSTRACT
The benefits of the correct application of specific tests in Physical Education classes are focused on improving the athlete's physical condition, as well as health; Currently, there is a lack of physical condition evaluations at an early age at the school level, so it is difficult to obtain sports prospects at the school level with the projection of being elite athletes. This investigation seeks to know the physical conditions of the students of the Olmedo Fiscal College, through the application of physical fitness tests through which it is possible to select sports talents that stand out representing the institution and prepare sports values for the Province, the study was carried out from July to December 2019, with the collaboration of 120 students from 3 courses and the application of 5 types of tests: Cooper test, abdomen, squats, chest and flexibility; working this research with the 10 best results of each parallel.
KEYWORDS: Physical fitness tests; physical state; students; talent selection.
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Longo, A. F., G. D. Aquilino, M. L. Cardey, N. A. Lentini und E. O. Prada. „APTITUD FÍSICA EN DEPORTISTAS ADOLESCENTES TEMPRANOS DE DEPORTES DE COMBATE“. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte 21, Nr. 82 (01.06.2021): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2021.82.004.
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El propósito de esta investigación fue obtener datos de referencia de deportistas adolescentes tempranos de Judo, Taekwondo y Lucha en un conjunto de pruebas de aptitud física, y evaluar relaciones entre las pruebas. Una batería de tests de campo fue implementada: Fuerza en handgrip (HAST), Saltos Abalakov, con Contramovimiento y Squat (ABJ, CMJ y SQJ), Aceleración en sprint 0-10 m (0-10SA) y Flexibilidad “Sit and reach” (SARF). La r de Pearson fue usada para valorar correlaciones entre las capacidades físicas. Análisis de covarianza fueron realizados para evaluar comparativamente los rendimientos en HAST, ABJ, CMJ, SQJ, 0-10SA y SARF. SARF mostró correlaciones despreciables con el resto de las pruebas. Las diferencias entre varones y mujeres parecieron mantenerse constantes a lo largo de los deportes. Los judokas y los taekwondistas mostraron rendimientos más altos en ABJ, y los taekwondistas revelaron rendimientos más altos que los luchadores en CMJ, SQJ y SARF.
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Margolis, Robert H., George L. Saly, Chap Le und Jessica Laurence. „Qualind™: A Method for Assessing the Accuracy of Automated Tests“. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 18, Nr. 01 (Januar 2007): 078–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18.1.7.
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As audiology strives for cost containment, standardization, accuracy of tests, and accountability, greater use of automated tests is likely. Highly skilled audiologists employ quality control factors that contribute to test accuracy, but they are not formally included in test protocols, resulting in a wide range of accuracy, owing to the various skill and experience levels of clinicians. A method that incorporates validated quality indicators may increase accuracy and enhance access to accurate hearing tests. This report describes a quality assessment method that can be applied to any test that (1) requires behavioral or physiologic responses, (2) is associated with factors that correlate with accuracy, and (3) has an available independent measure of the dimension being assessed, including tests of sensory sensitivity, cognitive function, aptitude, academic achievement, and personality. In this report the method is applied to AMTAS™, an automated method for diagnostic pure-tone audiometry. Conforme la audiología lucha por contener costos, es posible ver cada vez más estandarización, exactitud en las pruebas, rendición responsable de cuentas y use de pruebas automatizadas. Los audiólogos altamente calificados emplean factores de control de calidad que contribuyen en la exactitud de las pruebas, pero éstos no están formalmente incluidos en los protocolos de evaluación, resultando en una amplia gama de exactitudes, relacionada con los diferentes de niveles de habilidad y experiencia de los clínicos. Un método que incorpore indicadores validados de calidad puede incrementar la exactitud y aumentar el acceso a pruebas precisas de audición. Este reporte describe un método de evaluación de calidad, que puede ser aplicado a cualquier prueba que (1) requiera de una respuesta conductual o psicológica, (2) esté asociada con factores que correlacionen con la exactitud, y (3) que posea una medida disponible independiente de la dimensión evaluada, incluyendo pruebas de sensibilidad sensorial, de función cognitiva, de aptitud, de logro académico y de personalidad. En este reporte el método es aplicado a AMTAS™, un método automatizado para audiometría diagnóstica de tonos puros.
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García Perales, Ramón, und Carmen Jiménez Fernández. „Diagnóstico de la competencia matemática de los alumnos más capaces“. Revista de Investigación Educativa 34, Nr. 1 (24.12.2015): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rie.34.1.218521.
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<p class="RESUMENCURSIVA"><span lang="ES-TRAD">El presente estudio analiza los resultados obtenidos por 102 alumnos de quinto curso de educación primaria con alta capacidad matemática, diagnosticada ésta mediante la Batería de Evaluación de la Competencia Matemática y mediante los siguientes criterios: rendimiento matemático del alumno, interés del alumno por las Matemáticas a juicio del profesor y según el propio alumno, aptitud matemática medida por los tests Series Numéricas y Problemas Numéricos, repetición o no de curso y si está o no diagnosticado como alumno con alta capacidad, además de considerar las variables moduladoras sexo de los alumnos y tipo de centro en el que han estudiado. Concluye que excepto el juicio estimativo de los tutores sobre la existencia o no de aptitud matemática en los alumnos, los restantes criterios son eficaces y confluyentes. Como era de esperar hay algunas diferencias entre los alumnos situados en los dos niveles superiores de la batería, a favor del más alto. </span></p><p class="RESUMENCURSIVA"> </p>
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Gil-Ares, Javier, und Evelia Franco Álvarez. „El acceso al Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Una perspectiva de género centrada en el rol explicativo de las pruebas de Evaluación de las Aptitudes Físicas (Physical Activity and Sports Sciences degree´s access at the Technical University of Madrid. A gender perspective focused on the Physical Aptitude Assessment test’s explanatory role)“. Retos 46 (28.09.2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93398.
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En el curso 2020/21, solamente un 22.23% de las plazas del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (CAFYD) en España fueron ocupadas por mujeres. Esta investigación analiza la tendencia en el número de mujeres interesadas y matriculadas en estos estudios en la Comunidad de Madrid. También plantea analizar si el rol explicativo de cada una de las pruebas físicas en la superación global de las mismas es diferente para hombres y mujeres. La muestra estuvo compuesta por los 8061 aspirantes (6614 hombres y 1447 mujeres) inscritos a las pruebas de acceso entre 2009 y 2021 para cursar el Grado en CAFYD. Respecto al primer objetivo, se encontraron grandes diferencias entre el porcentaje de hombres y mujeres aspirantes que resultan aptos, pero existe una tendencia a que estas diferencias se reduzcan (%mujeres2009=15.69 vs. %mujeres2021=22.36), siendo mayor el porcentaje de mujeres aspirantes consideradas aptas que finalmente obtienen plaza (10% más que los hombres). Sobre el segundo objetivo, el análisis de regresión logística reveló que todas las pruebas físicas resultaban significativas en la predicción de la aptitud general física de los hombres (β >.17 y <.52, p.<.001). Mientras que, en las mujeres, no resultaron significativas las calificaciones en los ejercicios de coordinación (β =.07, p. =.25), lanzamiento (β =-.06, p. =.30) y flexibilidad (β =.07, p. =.71). Los resultados sugieren que las pruebas físicas pueden ser más discriminantes en la explicación de la aptitud física en el caso de los hombres que en el de las mujeres. Abstract: In the 2020/21 academic year, were occupied by women only 22.23% of the places in the Degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (CAFYD) in Spain. This research analyzes the trend in the number of women interested and enrolled in these studies in the Community of Madrid. Secondly, it also explores whether the explanatory role of each of the physical tests in the global result differs between men and women. The sample consisted of the 8.061 applicants (6.614 men and 1.447 women) enrolled in the access test to engage in the CAFYD Degree between 2009 and 2021. Regarding the first objective, despite the high differences found between the percentage of men and women who overcame the tests, it seems there is a tendency for these differences to be reduced (%women2009=15.69 vs %women2021=22.36), with a higher percentage of women applicants considered suitable who finally obtain a place (10% more than men). About the second objective, the logistic regression analysis revealed that all the physical tests were significant in predicting the success of men in passing the tests (β >.17 and <.52, p.<.001). However, among women, the scores in coordination exercises (β =.07, p. =.25), throwing (β =-.06, p. =.30), and flexibility (β = .07, p.=.71) did not seem to be significant in the prediction of the success to pass the physical test. Results suggest that physical tests may currently be more discriminate in explaining physical aptitude for men than for women.
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Patiño Palma, Brayan Esneider, Carlos Alberto Ramos Parrací und Pedro Antonio Calero Saa. „Normative values of muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness and their relationship with anthropometric variables in Colombian adolescents. Multicentre study (Valores normativos de aptitud muscular y cardiorrespiratoria y su relación con variables antropomé“. Retos 43 (08.09.2021): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.88883.
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Objectives: The purposes of this research were: 1. To establish reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness. 2. To establish the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness parameters. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, multicentre, analytical study; students aged between 12 and 18 years from 10 Colombian cities were evaluated. The sample was 3455 students with a reliability of 95%, a statistical power of 84%, and an expected correlation of 0.30. Anthropometric variables, General Strength Index (GSI), and Cardiopulmonary Capacity were taken into account. A two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) was performed with Bonferroni post hoc adjustments. A Box-Cox Cole and Green (BCCG) lest squares method (LMS) distribution was performed. Results: A higher performance was found on males in all tests performed, and a higher average body mass index (BMI), waist-height index, and fat percentage on the females. Weak to moderate negative correlations were identified between muscular and cardiopulmonary fitness and anthropometric variables. Additionally, significant differences were identified between GSI with waist circumference and fat percentage. Conclusion: Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment and GSI are tools to be considered as a complement to the evaluation of academic programs with school health prevention objectives.
Resumen: Objetivos: Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: 1. Establecer valores de referencia para la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la aptitud muscular. 2. Establecer la relación entre características antropométricas y parámetros de aptitud física. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio analítico, transversal, multicéntrico; Se evaluó a estudiantes de entre 12 y 18 años de 10 ciudades colombianas. La muestra fue de 3455 estudiantes con una confiabilidad del 95%, un poder estadístico del 84% y una correlación esperada de 0.30. Se tomaron en cuenta variables antropométricas, Índice de Fuerza General (GSI) y Capacidad Cardiopulmonar. Se realizó un análisis de varianza bidireccional (ANOVA bidireccional) con ajustes post hoc de Bonferroni. Se realizó el cálculo de los percentiles normalizados a partir del método de mínimos cuadrados (LMS) de Box-Cox Cole y Green (BCCG). Resultados: Se encontró un mayor rendimiento en los hombres en todas las pruebas realizadas, sin embargo, se evidencio un índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio, índice de cintura y porcentaje de grasa más altos en las mujeres. Se identificaron correlaciones negativas débiles a moderadas entre la aptitud muscular y cardiopulmonar y las variables antropométricas. Además, se identificaron diferencias significativas entre GSI con la circunferencia de cintura y el porcentaje de grasa. Conclusión: La evaluación de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y el GSI son herramientas a considerar como un complemento a la evaluación de los programas académicos con objetivos de prevención en salud escolar.
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Figueiredo, Diego Hilgemberg, Diogo Hilgemberg Figueiredo, Antonio Carlos Dourado, Luiz Claudio Reeberg Stanganelli und Helcio Rossi Gonçalves. „Evaluation of body composition and its relationship with physical fitness in professional soccer players at the beginning of pre-season (Evaluación de la composición corporal y su relación com la aptitud física em futebolistas professionales al inicio de“. Retos, Nr. 40 (05.11.2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.82863.
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the players characteristics and physical fitness parameters according to playing positions and to identify the relation between body composition and physical fitness in professional soccer players at the beginning of the preparation period. Sixteen professional soccer players participated in this study. Body composition was evaluated by air displacement plethysmography instrumentation (BOD POD®) and physical fitness with specific tests: Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), Counter Moviment Jump (CMJ), Squat Jump (SJ) and Abalakov jump (ABK), Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-yo IR1), agility test and flexibility. Kruskal Wallis test demonstrated no significant difference in all estimated body composition, age, height and physical fitness parameters according to three playing positions (p < 0.05). We verified a significant negative correlation between body fat percentage and the performance of CMJ, SJ, ABK, peak, mean and minimum power (-.51 to -.87) and a significant positive correlation with the agility parameter (r = .85). Regarding to lean mass percentage, a significant positive correlation was found with performance of CMJ, SJ, ABK and peak, mean and minimum power (.51 to -.82) and significant negative correlation with agility parameter (r = -.85). Based on the results, we concluded that at the beginning of a pre-season a higher body fat percentage is associated with a negative influence in physical fitness, thus confirming that a greater amount of lean mass percentage is positively associated with the initial level of physical fitness of professional soccer players.
Resumén: El objetivo del studio fue comparar las características de los jugadores y los parâmetros de aptitud física según las posiciones de juego e identificar la relación entre la composición corporal y la aptitud física em futebolistas profisionales al inicio del período de preparación. Dieciséis futebolistas profesionales participaron em este estudio. La composición corporal se evaluómediante instrumentación de plestimografia por desplazamiento de aire (BOD POD®) y aptitud física com pruebas específicas: capacidade anaeróbia (RAST), saltos verticales (CMJ, SJ y salto abalakov- ABK), resistência aeróbia, prueba de agilidade y flexibilidad. Kruskal Wallis no demostró diferencias significativas em todos los parâmetros estimados de composición corporal, edad, altura y condición física según las três posiciones de juego (p < 0.05). Verificamos uma correlación negativa significativa entre el porcentaje de grasa corporal y el rendimento de CMJ, SJ, ABK, potencia pico, media y mínima (-.51 to -.87) y uma correlación positiva significativa com el parâmetro de agilidade (r = .85). Em cuanto al porcentaje de massa magra, se encontro uma correlación positiva significativa com el rendimento de CMJ, SJ, ABK y potencia pico, media y mínima (.51 to -.82) y correlación negativa significativa com el parâmetro de agilidade (r = -.85). Com base em los resultados, concluimos que al inicio de una pré-temporada um mayor porcentaje de grassa corporal se associa com uma influencia negativa em la aptitud física, confirmando así que uma mayor porcentaje de massa magra se associa positivamente com el nível inicial de aptitud física de los futebolistas profesionales.
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Pinto Guedes, Dartagnan, Paulo César Franzini, Raymundo Pires Júnior und José Maria Moya Morales. „Antropometria e Aptidão Física de Adolescentes Latino-Americanos (Antropometría y Aptitud Física de Adolescentes Latino-Americanos) (Anthropometry and Physical Fitness of Latin American Adolescents)“. Retos, Nr. 31 (21.11.2016): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i31.53501.
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O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver uma análise sobre o comportamento de medidas antropométricas e resultados de testes motores que procuram evidenciar as características de crescimento físico e aptidão física em uma amostra internacional de adolescentes de três cidades latino-americanas localizadas na Argentina, Brasil e Chile. A amostra utilizada constituiu-se de 1357 adolescentes com idade entre 12 e 17 anos (48,6 rapazes) selecionados nos três países. As características antropométricas foram determinadas através das medidas de estatura, peso corporal e espessuras de dobras cutâneas. Quanto à aptidão física, foram administrados os testes de sit-and-reach, squat jump, conter-moviment jump, preensão manual, sit-up, corrida 10 X 5 metros e caminhada/corrida progressiva de vai-e-vem. Os resultados mostraram que as medidas antropométricas somente começaram a apresentar diferenças importantes entre os sexos a partir dos 14 anos, enquanto diferenças relacionadas à aptidão física foram constatadas favorecendo os rapazes em quase todos os testes motores desde os 12 anos, elevando-se o dimorfismo sexual com o avanço da idade. Os achados apontaram diferenças significativas nas medidas antropométricas e nos resultados dos testes motores apresentados pelos adolescentes das três cidades/países latino-americanas. Concluindo, as evidencias encontradas sugerem que as intervenções de monitoramento do crescimento físico e da aptidão física devam ser concebidas para alcançar grupos-objetivos específicos e contemplar ações de acordo com características socioculturais e ambientais dos adolescentes desses três países. Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un análisis del comportamiento de las mediciones antropométricas y resultados de las pruebas de motor que buscan poner de relieve las características de crecimiento físico y la condición física en una muestra internacional de los adolescentes de tres ciudades latinoamericanas ubicadas en Argentina, Brasil y Chile. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1357 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años (48,6 varones) seleccionados en los tres países. Las características antropométricas fueron determinados por la medición de la altura, el peso corporal y el espesor del pliegue cutáneo. En cuanto a la aptitud física, se les administró el test sit-and-reach, squat jump, conter-moviment jump, prensión manual, sit-up, corriendo 10 x 5 metros y caminar / correr progresiva hacia atrás y hacia adelante. Los resultados mostraron que las mediciones antropométricas sólo comenzaran a mostrar diferencias significativas entre los sexos a partir de 14 años, mientras que se encontraron diferencias relacionadas con la aptitud física favoreciendo los chicos en casi todas las pruebas desde los 12 años, aumentando el dimorfismo sexual con la edad. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las mediciones antropométricas y en los resultados de las pruebas motoras que presentaran los adolescentes de las tres ciudades / países de América Latina. En conclusión, la evidencia encontrada sugiere que las intervenciones de monitoreo de la condición física y el crecimiento físico deben estar diseñadas para alcanzar grupos específicos e incluir acciones de acuerdo con a las características socio-culturales y ambientales de los jóvenes en estos tres países. Abstract. The purpose of this study was to develop an analysis concerning the behavior of anthropometric measurements and results of motor tests aimed at characterizing growth and physical fitness in a international sample of adolescents from three Latin American cities located in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The sample was composed of 1357 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (48.6% boys) selected in three countries. Anthropometric characteristics were determined by height, body weight and skinfold thickness. As for physical fitness, tests for sit-and-reach, squat jump, conter-moviment jump, handgrip strength, sit-up, 10 X 5 meter races and progressive endurance walk/run were applied. The results showed that anthropometric measurements only begin to present important gender-based differences after 14 years of age, while for physical fitness differences were found favoring boys in almost all motor tests from 12 years on, with an increasing sexual dimorphism index as the adolescents grew. The findings showed significant differences in anthropometric measurements and the results of motor tests presented by the adolescents from three Latin American cities/countries. In conclusion, the evidence found suggests that monitoring interventions of growth and physical fitness should be designed to achieve specific target-groups and contemplate actions according socio-cultural and environmental characteristics of adolescents in these three countries.
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Prieto, Gerardo, und Angela D. Velasco. „Entrenamiento de la visualización espacial mediante ejercicios informatizados de dibujo técnico“. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional 12, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2008): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-85572008000200002.
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En este trabajo se describe la construcción, la aplicación y los resultados obtenidos con una batería de ejercicios informatizados para entrenar la Visualización Espacial de estudiantes de Ingeniería. La batería contiene cuatro ejercicios basados en tareas muy comunes en la enseñanza básica del Dibujo Técnico. Cada ejercicio se compone de 18 ítems con cuatro opciones de respuestas de las que una es correcta. Tras la respuesta a cada ítem, el alumno recibe feed-back inmediato y con demostración de la precisión de su respuesta. El formato de respuesta de los ejercicios se denomina "Responder hasta acertar", dado que si la respuesta fue incorrecta, el alumno debe buscar de nuevo la solución. Al terminar la prueba, el alumno recibe información sobre la puntuación obtenida. Para evaluar la influencia del entrenamiento en la Visualización Espacial, se administraron tests de esa aptitud, escalados en la misma métrica, al comienzo y al final del curso de Dibujo Técnico. Las figuras de los ejercicios y los tests fueron construidas con AutoCad y la programación fue realizada con Revolution Studio 2. Se utilizaron varios modelos para obtener las medidas: Partial Credit Model (Masters, 1982) y Rasch Model (Rasch, 1960). Se observó que, en promedio, la mejora de los alumnos en Visualización Espacial fue moderada.
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Araujo, Alfredo O., Jose M. Cancela, Pedro Bezerra, Cesar Chaves und Luis P. Rodrigues. „Age-related influences on somatic and physical fitness of elite police agents (Influencias de la edad en la aptitud física y somática de los agentes de policía de élite)“. Retos, Nr. 40 (09.11.2020): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.82910.
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Age-related influences on somatic and physical fitness of elite police agents
Influencias de la edad en la aptitud física y somática de los agentes de policía de élite
Background: Elite police officers must be physically fit to perform their job occupational demands but information on the effect of age in their physical fitness and somatic composition is scarce. Our aim is to describe the effect of age on somatic and physical fitness of a Special Police Unit (SPU); and to understand age-related changes. Methods: 117 SPU elements of a total of 218, aged 42.6±4.2 years, were assessed on their somatic (height, weight, circumferences, skinfolds); body composition (BMI, body fat); and physical fitness (maximal, power and endurance strength, aerobic power, and flexibility). T-tests were used for comparing results to other police studies. Regression analysis was used to detect the effect of age for somatic and fitness variable. Results: SPU elements showed a homogeneous and suitable fitness condition. No somatic differences were found along age, but annual age losses were found for physical fitness, namely for strength: left handgrip strength (95%CI -0.70 to -0.12), bench press (95%CI -2.34 to -0.89), squat jump (95%CI -0.70 to -0.12), medicinal ball throw (95%CI -0.62 to -0.25), push-ups (95%CI -1.64 to -0.66), pull-ups (95%CI -0.53 to -0.11), sit-ups (95%CI -1.33 to -0.27), but also on the VO2max (-0.535 to -0.115). Conclusions: Portuguese SPU elements showed a good somatic and physical fitness condition according to the requirements of their profession. Regardless the effect of age they were able to maintain a good somatic fitness and a very good aerobic power along the years. The loss of strength was the most associated with age.
Resumen. Introducción: Los agentes de policía de élite deben estar en buena forma física para cumplir con las demandas ocupacionales de su trabajo, pero la información sobre el efecto de la edad en su condición física y composición somática es escasa. Nuestro objetivo es describir el efecto de la edad sobre la aptitud física y somática de una Unidad Especial de Policía (SPU); y comprender los cambios relacionados con la edad. Métodos: Se evaluaron 117 elementos SPU de un total de 218, con edad de 42,6 ± 4,2 años, en su morfología (altura, peso, circunferencias, pliegues cutáneos); composición corporal (IMC, grasa corporal); y aptitud física (fuerza máxima, potencia y resistencia, potencia aeróbica y flexibilidad). Se utilizaron pruebas t-Student para comparar los resultados con otros estudios policiales. Se utilizó el análisis de regresión para detectar el efecto de la edad para la variable somática y de aptitud. Resultados: Los elementos SPU mostraron una condición física adecuada y homogénea. No se encontraron diferencias somáticas a lo largo de la edad, pero se encontraron pérdidas de edad anuales para la condición física, es decir, para la fuerza: fuerza de prensión (IC 95%: -0,70 a -0,12), bench press (IC del 95%: -2,34 a -0,89), squat jump (IC 95%: -0,70 a -0,12), lanzamiento de pelota medicinal (IC 95%: -0,62 a -0,25), extensiones de brazo (IC 95%: -1,64 a -0,66), flexiones de brazo (IC 95%: -0,53 a -0,11), abdominales (IC 95%: -1,33 a -0,27), pero también sobre el VO2 máx. (-0,535 a -0,115). Conclusiones: Los elementos SPU portugueses mostraron una buena condición física y somática de acuerdo con los requisitos de su profesión. Independientemente del efecto de la edad lograron mantener una buena condición somática y una muy buena potencia aeróbica a lo largo de los años. La pérdida de fuerza fue la más asociada con la edad.
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da Silva, Alberto Inácio. „Composición corporal y aptitud física de árbitros de la CBF sometidos a la nueva orden de aplicación de los tests físicos de la FIFA“. Fitness & Performance Journal 4, Nr. 5 (01.09.2005): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3900/fpj.4.5.306.s.
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Guevara Pino, Angel. „Elaboración, análisis de confiabilidad y validez del test de perspectiva“. Revista de Investigación en Psicología 4, Nr. 2 (12.03.2014): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rinvp.v4i2.5029.
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El presente estudio se basa en las implicaciones que tiene la perspectiva en la organización del espacio y el desarrollo del proceso cognitivo. Se trabajó con una muestra total de 973 estudiantes que cursan entre el 4to - 6to de Primaria y 1ro - 2do de Secundaria pertenecientes a Centros Educativos Estatales y Particulares de la ciudad de Lima. Queremos despejar las siguientes interrogantes: ¿ Conocer el valor de la confiabilidad y de la validez del Test de Perspectiva? y también ¿Señalar si la edad cronológica, el género y el tipo de centro educativo presentan diferencias significativas en el rendimiento del Test de Perspectiva? Se determinó la confiabilidad con el Método de Consistencia Interna y el Método de las Mitades encontrando coeficientes de correlación altamente significativos, lo que significa que el test presenta una Alta constancia y precisión de medición. La Validez Concurrente se obtuvo correlacionando la Batería de Aptitudes Diferenciales y Generales - Nivel Elemental (BADYG-E) con el Test de Perspectiva encontrando coeficientes significativos, siendo mejor el coeficiente de correlación con el factor no verbal (I.G.Nv) con los sub-tests de Razonamiento Lógico y Aptitud Espacial; mientras que para la Validez de Constructo se utilizó el Análisis Factorial correlacionando las variables examinadas, encontrando tres factores mediante la rotación Varimax, los cuales dependen de las dimensiones predominantes en las figuras en la presencia de dos o más elementos de las figuras y en el dominio del volumen en las figuras. Al concluir el análisis hemos obtenido un instrumento válido y confiable, donde se encontró que hay diferencias significativas en la perspectiva por edad cronológica, por genero y por el tipo de centro educativo Finalmente se presentan tablas por períodos de edad, por genero y por tipo de colegio en donde los puntajes directos fueron transformados a puntuaciones estándar normalizadas T para la interpretación de los puntajes del Test de Perspectiva.
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Yi, Wei. „STATISTICAL SENSITIVITY, COGNITIVE APTITUDES, AND PROCESSING OF COLLOCATIONS“. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 40, Nr. 4 (24.07.2018): 831–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263118000141.
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AbstractFrequency and contingency (i.e., co-occurrence probability of words in multiword sequences [MWS]) are two driving forces of language acquisition and processing. Previous research has demonstrated that L1 and advanced L2 speakers are sensitive to phrasal frequency and contingency when processing larger-than-word units. However, it remains unclear whether such statistical sensitivity is robust across tasks and among subcategories of MWS. In addition, little is known about whether cognitive aptitudes can moderate such sensitivity. This study examined L1 and advanced L2 speakers’ statistical sensitivity to phrasal frequency and contingency as well as cognitive aptitudes’ moderating effects on such sensitivity when processing English adjective-noun collocations. Participants performed a phrasal acceptability judgment task (PJT). Meanwhile, their aptitude profiles were measured by six aptitude tests, which loaded separately onto implicit language aptitude, explicit language aptitude, and working memory capacity. Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that both L1 and L2 English speakers were sensitive to phrasal frequency and contingency of collocations, although L2 speakers’ sensitivity was much stronger than that of L1 speakers. None of the aptitudes was found to moderate language users’ statistical sensitivity to either collocation frequency or contingency. Interestingly, disassociation patterns between the PJT performance and the involvement of implicit or explicit language aptitude among the L1 and L2 speakers were found. It was concluded that L1 and L2 speakers differed in terms of the way they processed the collocations, as well as the nature of their collocational knowledge.
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Sánchez-Rojas, Isabel Adriana, Darío Mendoza Romero, Yenni Paola Argüello-Gutiérrez, Laura Elizabeth Castro-Jiménez, Héctor Reynaldo Triana-Reina, Esteban Abdel Perez-Cebreros, Jorge Luis Petro und Diego A. Bonilla. „Valores de referencia para las pruebas de Cooper y de 20m de ida y vuelta en población residente en altitud elevada. [Reference values for Cooper and Shuttle Run Tests in population living at high altitude].“ RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte 17, Nr. 65 (01.07.2021): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2021.06502.
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El objetivo del estudio fue reportar los valores de referencia para el VO2máx indirecto obtenido en las pruebas de Cooper Run Test (CRT) y Shuttle Run Test (SRT-20m) en población adulta entrenada que reside a una altitud entre los 2600 y 3700 msnm. Un total de 614 sujetos físicamente activos (118 mujeres, 496 hombres; 20.2±2.3 años; 65.3±10.3 kg; 169.1 ± 7.8 cm; 22.7±2.8 kg·m-2) residentes en la ciudad de Bogotá, o municipios del área metropolitana, participaron en este estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal. Se establecieron los percentiles de VO2máx para las pruebas CRT y SRT-20m en la población de estudio, resaltando que los registros obtenidos en el SRT-20m fueron mayores que CRT. Los valores de VO2máx en los sujetos que habitan a <3000 msnm fueron menores en comparación con los residentes a 3001 – 4000 msnm (p=0.01); asimismo, las mujeres reportaron un menor nivel de aptitud física cardiorrespiratoria (AFC) que los hombres (p<0.01). En conclusión, estos valores reportados pueden ser empleados para la evaluación de la AFC de poblaciones con características similares. Por otra parte, las variaciones encontradas en los valores de VO2máx podrían estar asociadas a variantes genéticas (e.g. polimorfismos) o a las adaptaciones propias del entrenamiento (e.g., especificidad del entrenamiento, técnica de carrera); no obstante, se requiere más investigación sobre estos aspectos en este tipo de población.
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Robles Bonifacio, Carlos, und Esperana Vázquez González. „LA INFLUENCIA DE LAS COMPETENCIAS VERBALES EN EL ÉXITO ESCOLAR“. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 6, Nr. 1 (12.01.2017): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v6.754.
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Abstract.This communication is part of a wider project that is made up of two research papers and the implementation of a preventive program of verbal communication skills. The first part of the project underlying this communication is based in the investigation of the influence of verbal skills in the academic failure of students in first grade of secondary school (E.S.O). The most important reasons for which I chose this age group of the students are the high academic failure in these ages, and the continued and compelling interest of the school community in reaching higher verbal skills in this transitional stage. In this research, performed on 300 students of First grade of secondary school (ESO), is intended to deepen and reflect on the link between language skills (focused on text comprehension) and the acquisition of new knowledge, since to provide new knowledge is critical in order to achieve a more active learning and better academic results. Throughout this research we will study different aspects such as the study of the relationship, already established in the literature, between mental abilities (IGF tests) and academic performance in each of the subjects. I will also evaluate the influence that the verbal factor and its meaningful utilization on academic performance, as well as the differences between gender in regards to verbal skills and academic failure. The research will also establish the possible relationship between verbal analogies, completing sentences and academic performance. All this with the purpose of demonstrating and remembering the importance of verbal skills, in order -after this research study- to keep investigating and providing solutions to improve these skills in students in their personal life and as a result, in their academic, family and social spheres.Key words: verbal skills, school success, language proficiency, reading skills, intellectual abilities, verbal skills, academic failure, academic performance, spheres.Resumen.Esta comunicación es parte de un proyecto más amplio compuesto por dos investigaciones y la puesta en práctica de un programa preventivo de competencias verbales. La primera parte del proyecto, en la que se basa esta comunicación, consiste en la investigación de la influencia de las competencias verbales en el fracaso académico en los alumnos de Primero de la E.S.O. Las razones más importantes, al elegir la edad de estudio de los alumnos, son el aumento del fracaso académico en estas edades y el continuo y apremiante interés por parte de la comunidad escolar en fortalecer y alcanzar un mayor logro de las competencias verbales en esta etapa de transición. Esta investigación, llevada a cabo en 300 alumnos de Primero de la ESO, pretende profundizar y reflexionar sobre la vinculación existente entre competencia lingüística (centrada en la comprensión de textos) y la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos. Puesto que facilitar nuevos conocimientos es determinante para lograr un aprendizaje más activo por parte del alumno y un mayor logro en los resultados académicos. A lo largo de la investigación se van a estudiar distintos aspectos tales como constatar la relación, ya establecida en la literatura, entre aptitudes mentales (prueba IGF) y rendimiento académico en cada una de las asignaturas. Valorar la influencia que pueda ejercer el factor verbal y su utilización significativa en el rendimiento académico, así como las diferencias entre sexos en relación a la aptitud verbal y al fracaso académico. Además intentará establecer las posibles relaciones entre las analogías verbales, completar oraciones y el rendimiento académico. Todo ello con la intención de demostrar y recordar la relevancia de las competencias verbales, para desde esta investigación seguir trabajando y aportando soluciones para mejorar dichas competencias en los alumnos (ámbito personal) y como consecuencia en el ámbito académico, familiar y social.Palabras clave: competencias verbales, éxito escolar, dominio lingüístico, comprensión lectora, aptitudes intelectuales, aptitud verbal, fracaso académico, rendimiento académico, ámbitos.
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Schmidt, Frank L. „A Theory of Sex Differences in Technical Aptitude and Some Supporting Evidence“. Perspectives on Psychological Science 6, Nr. 6 (14.10.2011): 560–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691611419670.
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In this article, I present a theory that explains the origin of sex differences in technical aptitudes. The theory takes as proven that there are no sex differences in general mental ability (GMA), and it postulates that sex differences in technical aptitude (TA) stem from differences in experience in technical areas, which is in turn based on sex differences in technical interests. Using a large data set, I tested and found support for four predictions made by this theory: (a) the construct level correlation between technical aptitude and GMA is larger for females than males, (b) the observed and true score variability of technical aptitude is greater among males than females, (c) at every level of GMA females have lower levels of technical aptitude, and (d) technical aptitude measures used as estimates of GMA for decision purposes would result in underestimation of GMA levels for girls and women. Given that GMA carries the weight of prediction of job performance, the support found for this last prediction suggests that, for many jobs, technical aptitude tests may underpredict the job performance of female applicants and employees. Future research should examine this question.
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Vergel Ortega, Mawency, José Joaquín Martínez-Lozano und Eduardo Ibargüen-Mondragón. „Modelos estimados de análisis de supervivencia para el tiempo de permanencia de los estudiantes de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander“. Respuestas 21, Nr. 2 (01.07.2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.775.
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El artículo muestra factores asociados a la deserción universitaria. La técnica de análisis de supervivencia permitió realizar el estudio con estudiantes de diferentes programas de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Cúcuta, teniendo en cuenta eventos: semestre, abandono, sanción, sanción - abandono. A través del estimador de Kaplan-Meier [1] se estimó la función de supervivencia para cada evento de interés, y, se determinaron modelos de deserción cuyas variables fuesen significativas al 10% utilizando el método semiparamétrico de Cox [2]. La verificación del test de riesgo proporcional, figuras de residuos de Schoenfeld [3] e influencia se utilizaron como herramientas estadísticas para explicar la supervivencia de estudiantes. Resultados de las funciones de supervivencia permitieron determinar que el manejo de preconceptos en ciencias (precálculo, química, física) incrementa el riesgo, deseo de estudiar otros programas, así como recibir sanción presentaron mayor tendencia al abandono, bajo puntaje en pruebas, así como pérdida de empleo de padres y uso de sustancias psicoactivas tienen mayor riesgo de retiro. Estudiantes de postgrado presentaron alto riesgo de deserción por factores socioeconómicos o no terminación de tesis; cuatro determinantes fueron identificados como razones de riesgo a través del modelo de regresión de Cox [2], factores individuales, socioeconómicos, académicos e institucionales y un factor se asoció con aptitud y actitud del maestro.Palabras clave: Deserción, Función de Supervivencia, Modelo de Cox, Universidad.AbstractThe article shows factors associated with college desertion. The survival analysis technique allowed to perform a study with students from different programs at the Francisco de Paula Santander University, considering the events: semester, abandonment, punishment, punishment - abandonment. Using the Kaplan-Meier estimator [1], the survival function for each event of interest was estimated and desertion models whose variables were significant at 10% using the semiparametric method of Cox [2] were determined. The verification test of proportional hazards, residual figures of Schoenfeld [3] and influence were used as statistics tools to explain the survival of the students. Results of the survival functions have revealed that the management of pre-concepts in science (precalculus, chemistry, physics) is a factor that increases the risk, students wishing to study other programs, as well as those who have received any punishment have greater tendency to abandonment. Lower scores on tests and no pre-concepts management, as well as loss of employment of parents and psychoactive substance use are at greater risk of abandonment. Graduate students show high risk of desertion due to socioeconomic factors or non-completion of thesis; four determinants were identified as risk ratios through the Cox regression model [2], individual factors, socioeconomic factors, academic factors and institutional factors and a factor determined from perceptions associated with aptitude and attitude of the teacher.Keywords: Desertion, Survival Function, Model Cox, University.
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García-Merino, Sonia, Rosa-María Rodríguez-Jiménez, Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez und Silvia Burgos-Postigo. „Nutritional and physical fitness differences in children and adolescents from diverse socio-economic backgrounds (Diferencias nutricionales y de condición física en niños y adolescentes de contextos socioeconómicos diferenciados)“. Retos 44 (18.12.2021): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.89641.
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Lifestyle affects the health of children and adolescents, especially those living with socio-economic disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutritional status, level of fitness, and diet in children and adolescents from different socio-economic environments. To evaluate nutritional status and nutritional habits, Body Mass Index Z-score, Waist-to-Height Index and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index, were chosen. To measure physical fitness, Eurofit battery was used. Participants were 290 healthy children and adolescents of two groups. Group 1 (78) was part of a social integration project through sport; group 2 (212) belonged to a private school with a high socio-economic status. Differences between groups were found in the nutritional status and physical fitness tests. There were no differences in the total score of the Kid Med Test (p=.42), but data suggested a better quality of food consumption in group 2. Even though both groups exhibited healthy values, results were slightly more favorable for speed of movement and flexibility (p<.05), and for diet habits (better intake of olive oil, less sweet consumption, p < .05) in the group 2. The study, even with limitations, shows that there is still room for equal opportunities in promoting the quality of life of young people.
Resumen: El estilo de vida afecta a la salud de los niños y adolescentes, especialmente a los que viven en riesgo de exclusión social y económica. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el estatus nutricional, el nivel de condición física y la dieta en niños y adolescentes de diferentes entornos socioeconómicos. Para evaluar el estatus nutricional y los hábitos nutricionales, se eligió el índice de masa corporal z-score, el índice cintura-estatura y el índice de calidad de la dieta mediterránea. Para medir la aptitud física, se utilizó la batería Eurofit. Los participantes fueron 290 niños y adolescentes sanos de dos grupos. El grupo 1 (78) formaba parte de un proyecto de integración social a través del deporte; el grupo 2 (212) pertenecía a un colegio privado de alto nivel socioeconómico. Se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos en las pruebas de estatus nutricional y de aptitud física. No hubo diferencias en la puntuación total del Kid Med Test (p=.42), pero los datos sugirieron una mejor calidad del consumo de alimentos en el grupo 2. Aunque ambos grupos presentaban valores saludables, el grupo 2 obtuvo mejores resultados en la velocidad de movimiento y la flexibilidad (p<.05), y en los hábitos dietéticos (mejor consumo de aceite de oliva, menos consumo de dulces, p <.05). El estudio, aun con limitaciones, muestra que todavía hay espacio para la igualdad de oportunidades en la promoción de la calidad de vida de los jóvenes.
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Amir, Hamid, und Nourredine Mahdi. „Liaisons entre les aptitudes écologiques de différentes souches de Fusarium et leur efficacité dans la protection de plants de lin contre la fusariose vasculaire“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, Nr. 2 (01.02.1993): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-033.
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Thirteen strains of Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were isolated from an initial lot of 96 and submitted to 11 different tests to determine their ecological aptitudes. Results showed a great diversity with respect to performance. Significant total correlations with the strain aptitudes to protect flax against vascular fusariosis in one soil (efficacy) were obtained for three characters: quantity of microconidia produced (negative correlation), respiratory activity, and antagonistic effect in soil in the presence of a pathogenic fungus (positive correlations). Other properties were studied, such as mycelial growth, production of macroconidia, production of chlamydospores, spore germination aptitude, inhibiting effect of secretions against F. oxysporum f.sp. lini, saprophytic development in disinfected soil, and aptitude to maintain their development and activity in soil; all these properties showed generally high partial correlations with respect to efficacy. The multiple correlations obtained for different aptitude associations tested were clearly more significant than simple correlations. The results suggest that competition among Fusarium spp., here illustrated by efficacy, can be interpreted as a complex power corresponding to the sum of different particular aptitudes, notably: global activity, mycelial growth, sporulation, spore germination capacity, and secretion of compounds inhibiting competing germs. If selection of antagonistic Fusarium strains for biological control were based upon a single criterion, this would be arbitrary in part; a multiple-step selection would be recommended. The present work was performed on a single soil and with a limited number of strains; consequently, further experiments are required.Key words: Fusarium, competition, fusariosis, biological control.[Journal translation]not available
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Andreis, Lucia M., Marilia Mariano, Lorenna W. L. Silva, Claudia D. Bianco und Francisco Rosa Neto. „The Impact of Parkinson’s Disease on General and Specific Motor Aptitudes: A Study of Older Brazilian Adults“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 129, Nr. 2 (03.02.2022): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211065312.
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This study investigated motor aptitude in older adults with and without Parkinson's disease (PD) to further specify known motor-related changes of PD. We divided 671 older adults (23.5% male; Mage = 69.6, SD = 6.6 years) into a Parkinson's Disease Group (PDG) and a non-Parkinson's Disease Group (NPG) and assessed their general motor aptitude (GMA) and their specific motor aptitudes (in Coordinative, Proprioceptive, and Perceptive domains) using the Motor Scale for Older Adults. We used the chi-squared tests and logistic regression to identify and affirm an associations between PD and motor aptitude, we found that most adults without PD showed normal motor aptitude (GMA: 80.7%; Proprioceptive: 82.3%; Perceptive: 81.4%) except for the Coordinative skills, for which 56.4% of these participants had motor impairment. Most partipants with PD showed motor impairments (GMA: 94.7%; Coordinative: 97.4%; Proprioceptive: 97.4%), except in the Perceptive domain, for which 68.4% of participants with PD showed normal aptitude. There were significant associations between PD and GMA (OR = 127.6), Coordinative motor skills (OR = 48.0), and Proprioceptive skills (OR = 204.4), even after the model was adjusted for gender and age. Our use of the Motor Scale for Older Adults in contrasting groups of older Brazilian adults provides further specificity to the motor aptitude characteristics of older adults with PD.
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Schult, Johannes, Franziska T. Fischer und Benedikt Hell. „Tests of Scholastic Aptitude Cover Reasoning Facets Sufficiently“. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 32, Nr. 3 (Juli 2016): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000247.
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Abstract. This study explores how reasoning facets relate to tests of scholastic aptitude and to academic performance. Intelligence test scores and academic aptitude test scores from freshman students in science (n = 284) and economics (n = 359) as well as subsequent grades from their first year in college were used to analyze structural equation models. The direct influence of reasoning facets on academic performance is fully mediated by academic aptitude test scores. Numeric abilities dominate the aptitude tests’ predictive power. Verbal reasoning explains a significant amount of aptitude test score variance in science but not in economics. The mediation analysis suggests that verbal, numeric, and figural reasoning are covered sufficiently by the aptitude tests.
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Rogers, Vivienne, Paul Meara, Thomas Barnett-Legh, Clare Curry und Emma Davie. „Examining the LLAMA aptitude tests“. Journal of the European Second Language Association 1, Nr. 1 (01.08.2017): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22599/jesla.24.
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Harris, Douglas H. „Prediction of Inspection Performance with a Dynamic, Computer-Based, Multi-Aptitude Test“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, Nr. 1 (Oktober 1997): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181397041001127.
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A dynamic, computer-based, multi-aptitude test was designed to predict success on inspection jobs that require the combined aptitudes of general cognitive ability, abstract reasoning, and spatial visualization. This approach to the prediction of job performance is in contrast to most existing methods for predicting performance on technical jobs, in which aptitudes are measured one at a time by static tests. The test was computer administered and scored, requiring 36 minutes of testing time. Validation studies showed that the test was highly reliable, correlated with other measures of these key aptitudes, and was predictive of the job performance of nondestructive testing operators. These results indicated that the test can be used with confidence for the early identification of individuals who will benefit most from training and experience on certain inspection jobs, and who will be most likely to meet operator qualification standards for these jobs.
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Rogers, Vivienne E., Paul Meara, Rachel Aspinall, Louise Fallon, Thomas Goss, Emily Keey und Rosa Thomas. „Testing aptitude“. EUROSLA Yearbook 16 (10.08.2016): 179–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.16.07rog.
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Meara (2005) developed the LLAMA tests as a free, language-neutral, user-friendly suite of aptitude tests incorporating four separate elements: vocabulary learning (LLAMA_B), phonetic (implicit) memory (LLAMA_D), sound-symbol correspondence (LLAMA_E) and grammatical inferencing (LLAMA_F) based on the standardised MLAT tests (Carroll & Sapon 1959). Recently, they have become increasingly popular in L2 acquisition research (Grañena & Long 2013b). However, Meara has expressed concern about the wide use of these tests without validity testing (cf. Grañena 2013a). To this end, we investigated several areas relating to the LLAMA tests, i.e. (1) the role of gender in LLAMA test performance; (2) language neutrality; (3) the role of age; (4) the role of formal education qualifications; (5) the effect of playing logic puzzles on LLAMA scores and (6) the effect of changing the test timings to scores. 229 participants from a range of language backgrounds, aged 10–75 with various education levels, typologically distinct L1s, and varying levels of multilingualism were tested. A subset of participants was also tested with varying timings for the tests. The results showed that the LLAMA tests are gender and language neutral. The younger learners (10–11s) performed significantly worse than the adults in the sound/symbol correspondence task (LLAMA_E). Formal education qualifications show a significant advantage in 3 of the LLAMA subcomponents (B, E, F) but not the implicit measure (LLAMA_D). Playing logic puzzles did not improve LLAMA test scores. The timings appear to be optimal apart from LLAMA_F, which could be shortened. We suggest that the LLAMA aptitude tests are not significantly affected by these factors although researchers using these tests should be aware of the possible impact of education level on some components of the tests.
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Hativa, Nira, und Avigdor Teper. „Differential Effectiveness of Three Color Treatments in Learning Geometric Concepts via Computer-Guided Teaching“. Journal of Educational Computing Research 4, Nr. 3 (August 1988): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3bwb-p2v2-11q7-uw12.
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This study examined the differential effects of three color treatments incorporated into microcomputer software on the learning of geometric concepts by students with differential aptitudes. The color treatments were: monochrome, functional (the use of color for cueing), and nonfunctional (the indiscriminate use of color). The experimental software provided teachers with a detailed lesson outline to be used with one large-screen monitor for whole-class instruction using the discussion or recitation method of teaching. Ninth-grade students ( N = 109) were randomly assigned to the treatment groups. All students answered two aptitude tests, two geometric pretests, two geometric immediate posttests, the same posttests administered one month later, and an attitude questionnaire. All three experimental forty-minute lessons were delivered by the same teacher using the same software varying only the color treatment. Results revealed significantly better immediate and delayed learning of the functional group over both other groups with the low-aptitude students benefitting the most from the cueing provided by the functional-color software. Although high-aptitude students did not benefit more from the functional treatment than from the other two treatments, they showed the most positive attitudes toward this treatment whereas low aptitude students did not show any preference for the color system involved.
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J. P. B. Lopes, Otniel, Robert M. Malina und Vitor P. Lopes. „Variation in physical activity, fitness and motor competence according to weight status of 12-15 years youngsters from Cabo Verde“. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 22, Nr. 2 (10.04.2022): 294–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cpd.458471.
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Studies addressing physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF) and motor competence (MC) relative to weight status are limited among African youth. The aim was to evaluate PA, PF and MC relative weight status among Cabo Verde youth. Height and weight were measured in 343 boys and girls 12-14 years; BMI was calculated. Youth were classified as thin, normal and overweight/obese (IOTF criteria). PF tests included grip strength, push-ups, curl-ups, sit-and-reach and one-mile-run/walk. KTK tests were the indicator of MC. PA was estimated with pedometers. ANCOVA was used to analyse PA, PF and MC by weight status. The prevalence of thinness (girls: 31.3%; boys: 35.7%) was higher than overweight/obesity (boys: 8.4%; girls: 9.6%). PA and MC did not vary consistently with weight status. Cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength per unit mass of thin girls was significantly better than normal weight and overweight/obese girls. Underweight boys performed significantly better in grip strength per unit mass than normal and overweight/obese boys. In conclusions, differences among youth by weight status were not apparent except for the one-mile run in girls and grip strength per unit body mass in both sexes. MC differed by weight status only among girls Los estudios que abordan la actividad física (AF), la aptitud física (ApF) y la competencia motora (CM) en relación con el estado de peso son limitados entre los jóvenes africanos. El objetivo era evaluar la AF, ApF y la CM entre los jóvenes de Cabo Verde en relación con el estado de peso. La altura y el peso se midieron en 343 niños y niñas de 12 a 14 años; Se calculó el IMC. Los jóvenes se clasificaron como delgados, normales y con sobrepeso / obesidad (criterios IOTF). Las pruebas de ApF incluyeron fuerza de prensión, flexiones de brazos, abdominales, sentarse y alcanzar y una milla de carrera/caminata. Las pruebas KTK fueron el indicador de CM. La AF se estimó con podómetros. Se utilizó ANCOVA para analizar AF, ApF y CM por estado de peso. La prevalencia de delgadez (niñas: 31,3%; niños: 35,7%) fue superior a la del sobrepeso/obesidad (niños: 8,4%; niñas: 9,6%). AF y CM no variaron consistentemente con el estado de peso. La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la fuerza de prensión por unidad de masa de las niñas delgadas fueron significativamente mejores que las de peso normal y las niñas con sobrepeso/obesidad. Los niños con bajo peso se desempeñaron significativamente mejor en fuerza de prensión por unidad de masa que los niños normales y con sobrepeso/obesidad. En conclusión, las diferencias entre los jóvenes por estado de peso no fueron evidentes, excepto en la carrera de una milla en las niñas y la fuerza de prensión por unidad de masa corporal en ambos sexos. CM se diferenciaba por el estado de peso solo entre las niñas Os estudos que abordam a atividade física (AF), aptidão física (ApF) e competência motora (CM) em relação ao estatuto ponderal são limitados entre os jovens africanos. O objetivo foi avaliar os níveis de AF, ApF e CM entre os jovens de Cabo Verde de acordo com o estatuto ponderal. Altura e peso foram medidos em 343 meninos e meninas de 12 a 14 anos; O IMC foi calculado. Os jovens foram classificados como magros, normais e com sobrepeso/obesidade (critérios da IOTF). Os testes de ApP incluíram força de preensão, flexões de braços, elevações do tronco, sentar e alcançar e correr/caminhar uma milha. Os testes KTK foram o indicador de CM. A AF foi estimada com pedómetros. ANCOVA foi usada para analisar AF, ApF e CM por estatuto ponderal. A prevalência de magreza (meninas: 31,3%; rapazes: 35,7%) foi maior do que sobrepeso/obesidade (meninos: 8,4%; meninas: 9,6%). A AF e CM não variaram de forma consistente com o estatuto ponderal. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória e a força de preensão por unidade de massa de meninas magras foi significativamente melhor do que a das meninas com peso normal e com sobrepeso/obesidade. Rapazes com baixo peso tiveram desempenho significativamente melhor na força de preensão por unidade de massa do que rapazes normais e com sobrepeso/obesidade. Em conclusão, as diferenças entre os jovens por estatuto ponderal não foram evidentes, exceto para a corrida de uma milha em meninas e força de preensão por unidade de massa corporal em ambos os sexos. MC diferiu por estatuto ponderal apenas entre as meninas.
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Latorre Román, Pedro Ángel, Míriam Sánchez Salvador, Jesús Salas Sánchez und Felipe García Pinillos. „Low level of physical fitness is an early feature in preschool children with autism (El nivel bajo de la aptitud física es una característica temprana en niños preescolares con autismo)“. Retos, Nr. 35 (05.12.2018): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.58052.
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Abstract. Background: Physical fitness level is a potent biomarker of health from an early age. Physical activity and Physical fitness have a similar influence on health outcomes including overweight. However, Physical activity and Physical fitness in children with autism spectrum disorders have received little attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical fitness in preschool children with ASD. Methods: A total of 31 children, aged 3 to 6 years, participated in this study: 13 children with ASD (Age=50.23±7.62 months, 2 girls and 11boys) and 18 children without ASD (Age=51.33±11.06 months, 4 girls and 14 boys). A fitness test battery was employed. Results: Children with ASD have lower performance in physical fitness tests. However, no significant differences were found in anthropometrics characteristics, physical activity time, screen-based time and physical functioning. Conclusions: Preschoolers with ASD have an early deterioration in physical fitness. Physical activity programs at pre-school level are necessary to stimulate these abilities in children with ASD.Resumen. Objetivo: El nivel de condición física es un biomarcador potente de la salud desde una edad temprana. La actividad física y la aptitud física tienen una influencia similar en la salud, incluyendo el sobrepeso. Sin embargo, el estudio de la actividad física y de la condición física en niños con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) ha recibido poca atención. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la condición física en niños en edad preescolar con TEA. Métodos: En este estudio participaron 31 niños de 3 a 6 años de edad: 13 niños con TEA (edad = 50,23 ± 7,62 meses, 2 niñas y 11 niños) y 18 niños sin TEA (edad = 51,33 ± 11,06 meses, 4 Niñas y 14 niños). Una batería de condición física para niños preescolares fue empleada. Resultados: Los niños con TEA tienen menor rendimiento en las pruebas de condición física. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las características antropométricas, tiempo de actividad física, tiempo de uso de pantallas y el funcionamiento físico. Conclusiones: Los niños en edad preescolar con TEA tienen un deterioro temprano en la condición física. Los programas de actividad física a nivel preescolar son necesarios para estimular estas capacidades en niños con TEA.
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Świątek, Adam. „From a Simple Testing Tool to Advanced Computer-based MLAT Test: A Century of Aptitude Testing“. Anglica Wratislaviensia 54 (15.11.2016): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.54.9.
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The beginning of the aptitude concept, as well as aptitude testing, or, in other words, measuring one’s predispositions to foreign languages dates back to the 1920’s when the first aptitude tests, like the Iowa Foreign Language Aptitude Examination, or the Luria-Orleans Language Prognosis Test came into existence Carroll 1962. Since that time, aptitude tests have gone through a multitude of different transformations — from simple testing tools that resembled intelligence tests to an advanced computer-based version of the most influential Modern Language Aptitude Test developed by Carroll and Sapon in 1959 Dörnyei and Skehan 2003. Apart from them, researchers from different countries have attempted to create their own unique versions of the MLAT, like the Hungarian HUNLAT battery Safar and Kormos 2008, the Polish version named TUNJO Rysiewicz 2011, or even the CANAL-F battery based on an artificial language Kocic 2010. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to provide a thorough theoretical analysis and review of the available aptitude testing batteries and find the differences and similarities between them. What is more, the paper aims to describe the components of all the possible aptitude tests and discover the potential behind the testing tools that examine one’s natural predispositions effectively. Apart from the general knowledge about aptitude testing available anywhere nowadays, it is necessary to understand how the tests work, and what they expect from a participant taking part in such an initiative. As they are often compared with intelligence tests, the purpose of this paper is to show that aptitude tests constitute a different tool, and measure different abilities and skills than a set of intelligence related instruments. To reach this goal, I examine the tools available, describe their properties and potential success rate, analyze their components and compare them with the other batteries.
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Yavas Celik, Gamze, und Fatih Yavuz. „The role of the language aptitude and self-reported strategy use on the achievement of EFL learners“. Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 10, Nr. 1 (29.02.2020): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v10i1.4412.
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Whether the success depends on language aptitude or the language aptitude tests can predict the language learning achievement is one of the contradictive issues in SLA. Scholars have questioned the effect of aptitude on success, and they developed many language aptitude tests in time; because the success in aptitude measurement and the achievement prediction would mean to gain time in language learning. In addition, with the changing understanding of aptitude in recent years, language learning aptitude began to be compared to other individual differences (ID). These studies aim to increase the success of learners by designing instructions according to their aptitude and other ID. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the relationship between language aptitude, self-reported strategy use and language achievement of the Turkish EFL learners to see the decisiveness of language aptitude on strategy use and achievement. Results showed that the language aptitude influences foreign language learning achievement.
Keywords: Language aptitude, language learning strategies, achievement, individual differences, EFL.
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Li, Shuai. „An exploratory study on the role of foreign language aptitudes in instructed pragmatics learning in L2 Chinese“. Chinese as a Second Language Research 6, Nr. 1 (27.06.2017): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2017-0005.
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AbstractThis study investigated whether and how foreign language (FL) aptitudes interacted with different instructional conditions to affect pragmatic gains in L2 Chinese. Fifty American learners of Chinese were randomly assigned to an (explicit) input-based treatment group, an (explicit) output-based treatment group, and a control group. Following a metapragmatic session, the two treatment groups practiced target request-making forms through their respective computer programs, while the control group did not practice. Gains in pragmatic performance were measured by a listening judgment test and an oral production test at immediate and delayed posttests. The participants also completed three foreign language (FL) aptitude tests assessing rote memory, grammatical sensitivity, and working memory. The results revealed different patterns of correlation between FL aptitudes and pragmatic gains. The input group showed positive correlations between working memory and reductions in judgment response times at both immediate and delayed posttests. The output group showed a positive correlation between grammatical sensitivity and gains in production speech rates at immediate posttest; a negative correlation was also found between rote memory and reductions in production planning times made at immediate posttest.
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Li, Shaofeng, und Jiancheng Qian. „EXPLORING SYNTACTIC PRIMING AS A MEASURE OF IMPLICIT LANGUAGE APTITUDE“. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 43, Nr. 3 (22.03.2021): 574–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263120000698.
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AbstractThis study investigates the validity of syntactic priming as a measure of implicit language aptitude. Syntactic priming refers to the tendency to reproduce a linguistic structure due to a previous exposure to the structure. The validity of the construct was verified by collating evidence for divergent validity—whether it is dissociable from explicit aptitude; convergent validity—whether it is correlated with other measures of implicit aptitude; and predictive validity—whether it is predictive of learning attainment. One hundred sixty-six university EFL learners completed three tests of implicit aptitude: syntactic priming, sequence learning, and LLAMA_D; three tests of explicit aptitude: LLAMA_B, _E, and _F; and three tests of L2 proficiency: untimed grammaticality judgment, metalinguistic knowledge, and elicited imitation. The results showed that syntactic priming was dissociable from explicit aptitude, but it failed to converge with the other measures of implicit aptitude, and it also failed to predict L2 proficiency. The results also showed that priming was negatively correlated with sequence learning and that sequence learning was a negative predictor of learners’ metalinguistic knowledge. On the other hand, the construct validity of explicit aptitude was strong. The results suggest the multidimensionality of implicit aptitude and the need for more research into the construct validity of syntactic priming as a cognitive ability for implicit learning.
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King, Raymond E., Thomas R. Carretta, Paul Retzlaff, Erica Barto, Malcolm James Ree und Mark S. Teachout. „Standard Cognitive Psychological Tests Predict Military Pilot Training Outcomes“. Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 3, Nr. 1 (01.01.2013): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000040.
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The predictive validity of scores from two cognitive functioning tests, the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB) and the MicroCog, was examined for initial pilot training performance. In addition to training completion, several training performance criteria were available for graduates: academic grades, daily flying grades, check ride grades, and class rank. Mean score comparisons and correlations in samples of between 5,582 and 12,924 trainees across the two tests showed small but statistically significant relationships with training performance. For example, after correction for range restriction and dichotomization of the criterion, the MAB full-scale IQ score and the MicroCog General Cognitive Functioning score were correlated .29 and .26 respectively with initial pilot training completion. The results pointed to general cognitive ability as the main predictor of training performance. Comparisons with results from studies involving US Air Force pilot aptitude tests showed lower validities for these cognitive functioning tests. This finding likely occurred because the pilot aptitude tests measure additional factors (e.g., aviation knowledge/experience and psychomotor skills) that are predictive of training success and that are not covered by the cognitive functioning tests.
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Schicke, Michelle C. „Book Review: Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude-Primary“. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 11, Nr. 2 (Juni 1993): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073428299301100212.
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MCGREGOR, A. „Aptitude tests for entry to Swiss medical faculties“. Lancet 344, Nr. 8934 (November 1994): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90579-7.
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Hobold, Edilson, Vitor Pires-Lopes, Rossana Gómez-Campos, Miguel de Arruda, Cynthia Lee Andruske, Jaime Pacheco-Carrillo und Marco Antonio Cossio-Bolaños. „Reference standards to assess physical fitness of children and adolescents of Brazil: an approach to the students of the Lake Itaipú region—Brazil“. PeerJ 5 (30.11.2017): e4032. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4032.
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Background The importance of assessing body fat variables and physical fitness tests plays an important role in monitoring the level of activity and physical fitness of the general population. The objective of this study was to develop reference norms to evaluate the physical fitness aptitudes of children and adolescents based on age and sex from the lake region of Itaipú, Brazil. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 5,962 students (2,938 males and 3,024 females) with an age range of 6.0 and 17.9 years. Weight (kg), height (cm), and triceps (mm), and sub-scapular skinfolds (mm) were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI kg/m2) was calculated. To evaluate the four physical fitness aptitude dimensions (morphological, muscular strength, flexibility, and cardio-respiratory), the following physical education tests were given to the students: sit-and-reach (cm), push-ups (rep), standing long jump (cm), and 20-m shuttle run (m). Results and Discussion Females showed greater flexibility in the sit-and-reach test and greater body fat than the males. No differences were found in BMI. Percentiles were created for the four components for the physical fitness aptitudes, BMI, and skinfolds by using the LMS method based on age and sex. The proposed reference values may be used for detecting talents and promoting health in children and adolescents.
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Godfroid, Aline, und Kathy MinHye Kim. „THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF IMPLICIT-STATISTICAL LEARNING APTITUDE TO IMPLICIT SECOND-LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE“. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 43, Nr. 3 (19.05.2021): 606–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263121000085.
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AbstractThis study addresses the role of domain-general mechanisms in second-language learning and knowledge using an individual differences approach. We examine the predictive validity of implicit-statistical learning aptitude for implicit second-language knowledge. Participants (n = 131) completed a battery of four aptitude measures and nine grammar tests. Structural equation modeling revealed that only the alternating serial reaction time task (a measure of implicit-statistical learning aptitude) significantly predicted learners’ performance on timed, accuracy-based language tests, but not their performance on reaction-time measures. These results inform ongoing debates about the nature of implicit knowledge in SLA: they lend support to the validity of timed, accuracy-based language tests as measures of implicit knowledge. Auditory and visual statistical learning were correlated with medium strength, while the remaining implicit-statistical learning aptitude measures were not correlated, highlighting the multicomponential nature of implicit-statistical learning aptitude and the corresponding need for a multitest approach to assess its different facets.
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Wen, Zhisheng (Edward), Adriana Biedroń und Peter Skehan. „Foreign language aptitude theory: Yesterday, today and tomorrow“. Language Teaching 50, Nr. 1 (21.12.2016): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444816000276.
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Foreign language (FL) aptitude generally refers to a specific talent for learning a foreign or second language (L2). After experiencing a long period of marginalized interest, FL aptitude research in recent years has witnessed renewed enthusiasm across the disciplines of educational psychology, second language acquisition (SLA) and cognitive neuroscience. This paper sets out to offer a historical and an updated account of this recent progress in FL aptitude theory development and research. As its subtitle indicates, the paper centres on three major issues: following the introduction and clarification of basic concepts, Section 1 traces the early conceptions of FL aptitude dominated by John Carroll's pioneering work. Section 2 summarizes and examines more recent theoretical perspectives and FL aptitude models proposed by researchers from multiple disciplines that have significantly broadened the conventional research traditions associated with Carroll's original conception. Based on the research synthesis of current FL aptitude models, Section 3 suggests the directions FL aptitude theory and research might take in coming years. We conclude that a working memory perspective on FL aptitude presents one promising avenue for advance, as does the development of new aptitude tests to predict speed of automatization, implicit learning and greater control over an emerging language system. In addition, it is argued that issues of domain-specificity versus domain-generality for aptitude tests may lead to aptitude theory and research becoming more central in applied linguistics.
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Robinson, Peter. „APTITUDE AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION“. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 25 (März 2005): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190505000036.
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Recent second language acquisition (SLA) research into the cognitive abilities implicated in implicit, incidental, and explicit learning, and in learning and performance on tasks differing in their information processing demands has prompted new theoretical frameworks for conceptualizing L2 aptitude. This research is reviewed and related to measures of abilities operationalized in existing aptitude tests, as well as to measures of abilities that are the focus of more recent research in cognitive psychology. Finally, prospects for developing aptitude tests to serve the purposes of predicting both early and advanced level language learning success are discussed in the light of the SLA findings and aptitude frameworks reviewed.
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Degé, Franziska, Hanne Patscheke und Gudrun Schwarzer. „Associations between two measures of music aptitude: Are the IMMA and the AMMA significantly correlated in a sample of 9- to 13-year-old children?“ Musicae Scientiae 21, Nr. 4 (15.09.2016): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864916670205.
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The aim of this study was to correlate musical aptitude scores derived from two tests based on the same structural model for musical aptitude in a sample of 9- to 13-year-old children. We controlled for the influences of socioeconomic status (SES; measured by parents’ education), the amount of music lessons, and general cognitive abilities (i.e., IQ). The sample comprised 89 (46 girls) 9- to 13-year-old children. We applied two different tests by Edwin Gordon: Intermediate Measures of Music Audiation (IMMA) and Advanced Measures of Music Audiation (AMMA) to measure musical aptitude. As control variables, IQ, socioeconomic status, and amount of music training were assessed. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the total score of the IMMA together with the control variables could not predict the total score of the AMMA. Furthermore, regression models for each of the subtests were also not significant. With respect to the control variables, we revealed an association between the IMMA and socioeconomic status as well as amount of music training. We conclude that even tests that are based on the same structural model of musical aptitude were not associated significantly. This might indicate problems of validity. Additionally, it seems to be difficult to assess musical aptitude independently of influences from music training and SES. Ultimately, this may support the notion that we still need valid musical aptitude tests for this particular age group.
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Schwegman, K., R. Spinelli, N. Magagnotti, M. Ramantswana und A. McEwan. „Selecting successful harvester operators through aptitude tests and demographics“. Australian Forestry 84, Nr. 1 (02.01.2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2020.1837492.
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Radencich, Marguerite C. „Book Review: Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude (DTLA-2)“. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 4, Nr. 2 (Juni 1986): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073428298600400210.
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Schmidt, Karrie L. „Book Review: Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude - Third Edition“. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 12, Nr. 1 (März 1994): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073428299401200111.
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Rogers, Arthur. „PARIS Foreign doctors in France face new aptitude tests“. Lancet 347, Nr. 8993 (Januar 1996): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91575-5.
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Anantha Krishna, K. S., und Sudheendra Yalavigi. „Architectural Aptitude Tests and Course Performance A Case Study“. Architectural Science Review 36, Nr. 3 (September 1993): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.1993.9696748.
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Zdzinski, Stephen F. „Relationships Among Parental Involvement, Music Aptitude, and Musical Achievement of Instrumental Music Students“. Journal of Research in Music Education 40, Nr. 2 (Juli 1992): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345561.
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This study examined relationships among selected aspects of parental involvement, music aptitude, musical achievement, and performance achievement. Subjects were 113 wind instrumentalists from four north-central Pennsylvania middle schools. Variables were defined through a researcher-constructed measure of parental involvement (PIM), the tonal and rhythmic imagery subtests of the Music Aptitude Profile (Gordon, 1965), selected sub-tests of the Music Achievement Tests (Colwell, 1969), and the Watkins-Farnum Performance Scale (Walkins & Farnum, 1954). Data were analyzed through correlation and MANOVA procedures. Results indicated (1) no significant relationship between parental involvement (as measured by student responses) and performance achievement; (2) a relationship of little practical significance between parental involvement and both musical achievement and musical aptitude; (3) a strong relationship between music aptitude and both musical achievement and performance achievement; and (4) a significant three-way interaction for performance achievement among parental involvement, music aptitude, and gender.
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Hanson, Josef. „Meta-Analytic Evidence of the Criterion Validity of Gordon’s Music Aptitude Tests in Published Music Education Research“. Journal of Research in Music Education 67, Nr. 2 (17.01.2019): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429418819165.
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This meta-analytic study examined the validity of Gordon’s music aptitude tests as predictors of other musical variables. The four tests analyzed were the Music Aptitude Profile (1965), Primary Measures of Music Audiation (1979), Intermediate Measures of Music Audiation (1982), and Advanced Measures of Music Audiation (1989). Separate analyses were performed for tonal, rhythm, and composite constructs of music aptitude. From 47 music education journal articles that met requirements for inclusion, 215 independent data points representing 6,086 participants were collapsed into an overriding set of five criterion categories: (a) aural perception, (b) achievement, (c) creativity, (d) affective outcomes, and (e) musical engagement. Moderators potentially affecting validity included audiation type, sampling method, grade level, criterion test type, and year of publication. Results revealed estimated true criterion-related validities of .45 (tonal), .46 (rhythm), and .53 (composite). Gordon’s music aptitude tests were consistently but not always strongly associated with many desirable musical outcomes. Analysis of correlations by subtest and criterion category produced mixed results, and high levels of between-study heterogeneity could not be explained through meta-regression moderator analysis.