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Tipler, Bradley Thomas Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. „Testify; an environment for automated testing“. Ottawa, 1987.
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Oftedal, Kristian. „Random Testing versus Partition Testing“. Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13985.
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The difference between Partition Testing and Random Testing has been thoroughlyinvestigated theoretically. In this thesis we present a practical study ofthe differences between random testing and partition testing. Thestudy is performed on the open-source project Buddi with JUnit and Randoop as test tools. The comparisonis made with respect to coverage rate and fault rate. The resultsare discussed and analyzed. The observed differences are statisticallysignificant at the 10% level with respect to coverage rate, in favour ofpartition testing, and not statistically significant at the 10% level withrespect to the fault rate.
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Shah, Syed Muhammad Ali, und Usman Sattar Alvi. „A Mix Testing Process Integrating Two Manual Testing Approaches : Exploratory Testing and Test Case Based Testing“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3083.
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Software testing is a key phase in software development lifecycle. Testing objectives corresponds to the discovery and detection of faults, which can be attained by utilizing manual or automated testing approaches. In this thesis, we are mainly concerned with the manual test approaches. The most commonly used manual testing approaches in the software industry are the Exploratory Testing (ET) approach and the Test Case Based Testing (TCBT) approach. TCBT is primarily used by software testers to formulize and guide their testing tasks and set the theoretical principles for testing. On the other hand ET is simultaneous learning, test design, and test execution. Software testing might benefit from an intelligent combination of these approaches of testing however there is no proof of any formal process that accommodates the usage of both test approaches in a combination. This thesis presents a process for Mix Testing (MT) based on the strengths and weaknesses of both test approaches, identified through a systematic literature review and interviews with testers in a software organization. The new process is defined through the mapping of weaknesses of one approach to the strengths of other. Static validation of the MT process through interviews in the software organization suggested that MT has ability to resolve the problems of both test approaches to some extent. Furthermore, MT was validated by conducting an experiment in an industrial setting. The analysis of the experimentation results indicated that MT has better defect detection than TCBT and less than ET. In addition, the results of the experiments also indicate that MT provides equal functionality coverage as compared to ET and TCBT.
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Медведєва, С. О., und О. А. Абдуллаєв. „Testing. Basic concepts of testing software“. Thesis, ВНТУ, 2019. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/24789.
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У даній доповіді розглянуто основні концепції та види тестування програмного забезпечення, а також окреслено важливість приділення йому великої уваги у інших сферах.This paper examines the basic concepts and methods of software testing, and highlights the importance of paying attention to testing in other areas
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El-Fakih, Khaled Abdul-Ghani. „Protocol re-testing and diagnostic testing methods“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6429.
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Many test selection methods have been developed for deriving tests when a system specification is represented in the form of a Finite State Machine (FSM). In the first part of this thesis, we present test generation methods that select tests for testing the modified parts of the system specification, in order to check that these modifications were correctly implemented in the system implementation. These methods are based on well-known test derivation methods called the W, Wp, HIS and distinguishing sequence methods. As the purpose of conformance testing is to check whether an implementation conforms to its specification, an interesting complementary problem is to locate the differences between a specification and its implementation when the implementation is found to be nonconforming. In the second part of this thesis, we consider a system consisting of two communicating FSMs, called components. First, we show that it is not always possible to locate a fault within the given system, once a fault has been detected in its implementation (called System Under Test (SUT)). Accordingly, we present two new two-level approaches for fault localization within the given system. The first method assumes that the SUT has a single fault in one of its components. Consequently, at the first diagnostic level the methods decide whether it is possible to identify the faulty component in the given system. If this is possible, the faulty component is identified, and if desired, at the second level, the methods determine whether it is possible to locate the fault within the faulty component. If that is possible, the methods provide additional test cases to locate the fault. The second method considers the case when the SUT may have multiple faults in at most one of its components. At the machine level diagnosis, the method decides whether it is possible to identify the faulty component machine in the given system, once faults have been detected in a system implementation. If this is possible, it provides tests for identifying the faulty component machine, and if desired, the method can be used to determine whether it is possible to locate the faults within the faulty component. If that is possible, he method provides additional test cases to locate the faults. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Myllylahti, J. (Juho). „Incorporating fuzz testing to unit testing regime“. Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201311211914.
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Software defects are a common problem, despite of decades of research on how to seek and destroy bugs. Software defects are not a mere nuisance, since they come with a very real cost to the industry and the users of software, leading to loss of millions of dollars, countless hours of work and even human lives. Thus there is a very real need to invent new ways to hunt down software defects.
This thesis aims to answer questions concerning integration of modern software development pipeline and fuzzing, an effective fault-based testing technique with strong background in security and robustness testing. More specifically, this thesis seeks to find out how to integrate fuzz testing with continuous integration frameworks to lessen the redundancy in testing: fuzzing usually has its own, separate testing pipeline. Additionally this thesis looks into the possibility of automating generation of fuzzed unit tests using a tool that would use existing unit tests as the raw material for creating the tests to determine, if such approach could be feasible.
This study consists of theoretical and empirical parts. The literature part explores software testing research for results relevant to this thesis, empirical part describes a prototype of unit test fuzzer developed for unit tests written in Python, and observations of relevant issues made during the development process while also describing experiences of how well test cases generated by the tool or manually could be introduced to the existing continuous integration workflow. Research method applied is design science.
The findings show that creating the tool described is not as easy as it would first seem, listing issues large enough to motivate discontinuing the prototyping after first initial version. On the other hand, integrating fuzzing to a continuous integration based workflow seems to be a feasible idea, and automated test case generation is not the only way to create fault-based unit tests.
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Polamreddy, Rakesh Reddy, und Syed Ail Irtaza. „Software Testing : A Comparative Study Model Based Testing VS Test Case Based Testing“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3498.
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Software testing is considered as one of the key phases in the software-development life cycle (SDLC). The main objective of software testing is to detect the faults either through manual testing or with automated testing approach. The most commonly adopted software testing approach in industries is test case based testing (TCBT) which is usually done manually. TCBT is mainly used by the software testers to formalize and guide their testing activities and set theoretical principals for testing. On the other hand, model based testing (MBT) is widely used automation software testing technique to generate and execute the tests. Both techniques are showing their prominence in real time with some pros and cons. However, there is no formal comparison available between these two techniques. The main objective of this thesis work is to find out the difference in test cases in TCBT and MBT in terms of providing better test coverage ( Statement, Branch and Path), requirement traceability, cost and time. To fulfill the aims of the research we have conducted interviews for static validation, and later we did an experiment for validating those results dynamically. The analysis of experiment results showed that the requirement traceability in MBT generated test cases are very hard to make the test cases traceable to the requirements, particularly with the open-source tool Model J-Unit. However, this can be done by using other commercial tools like Microsoft Spec Explorer or Conformiq Qtronic. Furthermore, we found by conducting experiment, that MBT consumes less time thus it is cost-effective as compared to TCBT and also MBT show better test coverage than TCBT. Moreover, we found that, in our case, requirement traceability is better in traditional TCBT approach as compared to MBT.+4746851975
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Michaels, Ryan P. „Combinatorial-Based Testing Strategies for Mobile Application Testing“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752354/.
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This work introduces three new coverage criteria based on combinatorial-based event and element sequences that occur in the mobile environment. The novel combinatorial-based criteria are used to reduce, prioritize, and generate test suites for mobile applications. The combinatorial-based criteria include unique coverage of events and elements with different respects to ordering. For instance, consider the coverage of a pair of events, e1 and e2. The least strict criterion, Combinatorial Coverage (CCov), counts the combination of these two events in a test case without respect to the order in which the events occur. That is, the combination (e1, e2) is the same as (e2, e1). The second criterion, Sequence-Based Combinatorial Coverage (SCov), considers the order of occurrence within a test case. Sequences (e1, ..., e2) and (e2,..., e1) are different sequences. The third and strictest criterion is Consecutive-Sequence Combinatorial Coverage (CSCov), which counts adjacent sequences of consecutive pairs. The sequence (e1, e2) is only counted if e1 immediately occurs before e2.
The first contribution uses the novel combinatorial-based criteria for the purpose of test suite reduction. Empirical studies reveal that the criteria, when used with event sequences and sequences of size t=2, reduce the test suites by 22.8%-61.3% while the reduced test suites provide 98.8% to 100% fault finding effectiveness. Empirical studies in Android also reveal that the event sequence criteria of size t=2 reduce the test suites by 24.67%-66% while losing at most 0.39% code coverage. When the criteria are used with element sequences and sequences of size t=2, the test suites are reduced by 40\% to 72.67%, losing less than 0.87% code coverage.
The second contribution of this work applies the combinatorial-based criteria for test suite prioritization of mobile application test suites. The results of an empirical study show that the prioritization criteria that use element and event sequences cover the test suite's elements, events, and code faster than random orderings. On average the prioritized orderings cover all elements within 21.81% of the test suite, all events within 45.99% of the test suite, and all code within 51.21% of the test suite. Random orderings achieve full code coverage with 84.8% of the test suite on average.
The third contribution uses the combinatorial-based criteria for test suite generation. This work modifies the random walk tool used from prior experiments to give weight (preference) to coverage of the combinatorial-based event and element criteria. The use of Element SCov and CSCov criteria result in test suites that increase code coverage for three of the four subject applications. Specifically, the code coverage increases by 0.29%-5.89% with SCov and 1.36%-6.79% with CSCov in comparison to the original random walk algorithm. The SCov criterion increases total sequence coverage by 5%-88% and the CSCov criterion increases sequence coverage by 13%-68%. One criteria, Element CCov, failed to increase code coverage for two of the four applications.
The contributions of this dissertation show that the novel combinatorial-based criteria using sequences of events and elements offer improvements to different testing strategies for mobile applications, including test suite reduction, prioritization, and generation.
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Borg, Daniel, und Anders Elfström. „Automatiserad testning av användargränssnitt i SharePoint : Automated UI Testing in SharePoint“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177132.
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Företag arbetar ofta efter hårda krav från kunder där lösningar måste levereras på ett tidseffektivt sätt och samtidigt hålla en hög kvalitet. Detta i form av felfria och robusta system vilket delvis kan åstadkommas med hjälp av testning. Kraven på snabb leverans och hög kvalitet är däremot motpoler till varandra; snabb leverans genomförs ofta på bekostnad av kvalitet och tvärtom. Agila arbetsmetoder med tidiga och frekventa leveranser har ändrat på detta, men kräver samtidigt en ständig kvalitetsförsäkring under arbetets löptid. Under utveckling av mjukvara enligt dessa metoder förekommer därför en kontinuerlig kvalitetssäkringsprocess för att säkerställa att produkten dels uppfyller vad kravspecifikationen avser samt att levererad produkt håller en hög tekniskt kvalitet i form av buggfri och robust kod som innehar stor pålitlighet för framtiden. Då manuell testning är en kostnad- och resurskrävande metod har automatiserad testning blivit ett aktuellt alternativ för ökad effektivitet och hållbar utveckling. Målet med det här arbetet har varit att för Precio Systemutveckling AB utreda möjligheterna för en implementation av automatiserad testning av användargränssnitt, i en hos företaget redan existerande och etablerad utvecklingsprocess. Arbetet har genomförts med en inledande förstudie om testning med fokus på varför det är en extra viktig faktor i dagsläget. Detta följs av ett avsnitt där existerande teori och teknik för testning i generell mening avhandlats, följt av en närmare studie på hur automatiserad testning är rekommenderad att utföras ur ett perspektiv från utveckling av produkter inom Microsoft-teknologi.Software companies work under a strict pressure from customers where solutions must be delivered in a timely manner as well as providing high quality and value. The products should be robust and without errors, which partially can be accomplished by testing during the development process. The requirement for an early delivery and a high quality does not always come hand in hand, but with the increased use of agile software development methods, this can be achieved. During agile development of software, there is a continuous process to ensure the quality of what is being developed, both to make sure that all the functional requirements are fulfilled, but also that the code behind is robust and dependable for the future. Since manual testing can be both time and resource consuming, automated testing has become a modern alternative to increase productivity and to maintain a sustainable development process. The goal of this thesis work has been to investigate the possibilities of implementing a solution for automated UI testing in an already existing development process at the company Precio Systemutveckling AB. The work has been conducted in three steps, starting with a literature study about testing in general, followed by an extensive research into suitable tools and technology for testing that exists today. After this, a deeper look was made at what the recommended solutions for implementing automated testing in a Microsoft-oriented enviroment were. The work was concluded with an actual implementation of automated testing on premise at Precio.
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Ho, Kam Seng. „Workflow testing“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2550562.
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Raskhodnikova, Sofya 1976. „Monotonicity testing“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80562.
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Siracusa, Mia. „Primality Testing“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1073.
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AdjeiBaah, Dennis K. „Testing Title“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1986. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2878.
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Daniel, Boner, und East Tennessee State University Bluegrass Band. „Testing Tradition“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://amzn.com/B0094UOFAI.
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Smithhaven--Still Making Excuses--If Seeing Is Believing--Myth--Your Last Ride--If I Had a Dollar--Tack and Jibe--Stewie Took My Nose--March Home to Me--I Recall--God's Work Is Never Done--Farther Down the Track.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1101/thumbnail.jpg
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Andersson, Martin. „Software Security Testing : A Flexible Architecture for Security Testing“. Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2388.
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Abstract: This thesis begins with briefly describing a few vulnerability classes that exist in today’s software. We then continue by describing how these vulnerabilities could be discovered through dynamic testing. Both general testing techniques and existent tools are mentioned.
The second half of this thesis present and evaluates a new flexible architecture. This new architecture has the ability to combine different approaches and create a more flexible environment from where the testing can be conducted. This new flexible architecture aims towards reducing maintenance and/or adaptation time for existing tools or frameworks. The architecture consists of a given set of plug-ins that can be easily replaced to adapt test as needed. We evaluate this architecture by implementing test plug-ins. We also use this architecture and a set of test plug-ins to generate a fuzzer targeted to test a known vulnerable server.
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Nybacka, Mikael. „Distributed vehicle testing : dynamic simulation for automotive winter testing“. Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/28/.
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Schwartz, Amanda Jo. „Adaptive Regression Testing Strategies for Cost-Effective Regression Testing“. Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26926.
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Regression testing is an important but expensive part of the software development life-cycle. Many different techniques have been proposed for reducing the cost of regression testing. To date, much research has been performed comparing regression testing techniques, but very little research has been performed to aid practitioners and researchers in choosing the most cost-effective technique for a particular regression testing session. One recent study investigated this problem and proposed Adaptive Regression Testing (ART) strategies to aid practitioners in choosing the most cost-effective technique for a specific version of a software system. The results of this study showed that the techniques chosen by the ART strategy were more cost-effective than techniques that did not consider system lifetime and testing processes. This work has several limitations, however. First, it only considers one ART strategy. There are many other strategies which could be developed and studied that could be more cost-effective. Second, the ART strategy used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP method is subjective to the weights made by the decision maker. Also, the AHP method is very time consuming because it requires many pairwise comparisons. Pairwise comparisons also limit the scalability of the approach and are often found to be inconsistent. This work proposes three new ART strategies to address these limitations. One strategy utilizing the fuzzy AHP method is proposed to address imprecision in the judgment made by the decision maker. A second strategy utilizing a fuzzy expert system is proposed to reduce the time required by the decision maker, eliminate inconsistencies due to pairwise comparisons, and increase scalability. A third strategy utilizing the Weighted Sum Model is proposed to study the performance of a simple, low cost strategy. Then, a series of empirical studies are performed to evaluate the new strategies. The results of the studies show that the strategies proposed in this work are more cost-effective than the strategy presented in the previous study.National Science Foundation
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Devine, Timothy Andrew. „Fusing Modeling and Testing to Enhance Environmental Testing Approaches“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101685.
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A proper understanding of the dynamics of a mechanical system is crucial to ensure the highest levels of performance. The understanding is frequently determined through modeling and testing of components. Modeling provides a cost effective method for rapidly developing a knowledge of the system, however the model is incapable of accounting for fluctuations that occur in physical spaces. Testing, when performed properly, provides a near exact understanding of how a pat or assembly functions, however can be expensive both fiscally and temporally.
Often, practitioners of the two disciplines work in parallel, never bothering to intersect with the other group. Further advancement into ways to fuse modeling and testing together is able to produce a more comprehensive understanding of dynamic systems while remaining inexpensive in terms of computation, financial cost, and time. Due to this, the goal of the presented work is to develop ways to merge the two branches to include test data in models for operational systems. This is done through a series of analytical and experimental tasks examining the boundary conditions of various systems.
The first venue explored was an attempt at modeling unknown boundary conditions from an operational environment by modeling the same system in known configurations using a controlled environment, such as what is seen in a laboratory test. An analytical beam was studied under applied environmental loading with grounding stiffnesses added to simulate an operational condition and the response was attempted to be matched by a free boundaries beam with a reduced number of excitation points. Due to the properties of the inverse problem approach taken, the response between the two systems matched at control locations, however at non-control locations the responses showed a large degree of variation. From the mismatch in mechanical impedance, it is apparent that improperly representing boundary conditions can have drastic effects on the accuracy of models and recreational tests.
With the progression now directed towards modeling and testing of boundary conditions, methods were explored to combine the two approaches working together in harmony. The second portion of this work focuses on modeling an unknown boundary connection using a collection of similar testable boundary conditions to parametrically interpolate to the unknown configuration. This was done by using data driven models of the known systems as the interpolating functions, with system boundary stiffness being the varied parameter. This approach yielded near identical parametric model response to the original system response in analytical systems and showed some early signs of promise for an experimental beam.
After the two conducted studies, the potential for extending a parametric data driven model approach to other systems is discussed. In addition to this, improvements to the approach are discussed as well as the benefits it brings.Master of Science
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Pestrea, Anna. „Fuzz testing on eNodeB over the air interface : Using fuzz testing as a means of testing security“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176074.
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In modern society, security has become an increasingly important subject, as technologyhas become an integrated part of everyday life. The security of a system can be tested withthe help of fuzzing, where incoming messages to the system are altered. In this thesis, afuzzer was developed targeting an E-UTRAN Node B (eNB) in the Long-Term Evolution(LTE) landscape. The eNB is current prototype and is from the company Ericsson. Thefuzzer is particularly designed for testing the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of theeNB. The fuzzer uses a genetic method where all of the fuzzer’s flags (the R, F2, E, LCID, Fand L flags) are triggered during the fuzzing period. Depending on the output of the firstgeneration of fuzzed values, new values are generated either by choosing a value close tothe original value, or by choosing a value that belong to the same subgroup as the originalvalue. Four test cases are made, where first test case is the base line of the program and theother three test cases fuzzes the eNB, using different parts of the fuzzer. The results show that depending on which parts of the fuzzer are used, the connectionbecomes different. For test two and three, the connection became increasingly unstable andmore data was present in the connection. Test case four did not however deviate so muchfrom the baseline, if compared to test two and three.
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Miller, Timothy. „Using specification animation to support specification testing and software testing /“. [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.
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Lövgren, Viktor. „Reducing Regression Testing Feedback Cycle Times Through Improved Testing Techniques“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110676.
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Software is continually and rapidly evolving with constant risk of introducing faults. Software testing has long been used to aid in the detection of faults, and agile development strategies have been driving the use of automated tests and regression testing specifically. As development continues, test suites eventually grow in the number of test cases to the extent that the execution time is extensive. When it has increased to the point that it prevents efficient software engineering, a regression testing technique is required to reduce the feedback cycle times - the times for receiving feedback from tests on changes. This thesis has investigated regression testing techniques presented in previous research. The focus has been on test case selection techniques - for selecting a subset of all test cases for execution - and test case prioritization techniques - for determining the execution order of test cases. With some evaluation criteria in mind, a safe modification-based selection and prioritization technique was chosen and a proof-of-concept implementation was developed. First, the implemented technique was evaluated for robustness using an example application. Following, a case study was conducted on an existing software development project, where the perceived problems with regression testing were documented by interviewing a software developer. The technique was then integrated with the project's existing regression testing and its efficiency was evaluated. It was concluded that a regression testing technique is, to some extent, practical to implement, although difficult to verify for complete correctness. Empirical evaluations in the case study showcased reduced feedback cycle times of 60% or more compared to when not using the technique - assuming a uniform distribution of failing test cases. However, it was stated as important to evaluate the efficiency of the technique on a per-project basis.
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Chodoriwsky, Jacob N. „Error Locating Arrays, Adaptive Software Testing, and Combinatorial Group Testing“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23083.
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Combinatorial Group Testing (CGT) is a process of identifying faulty interactions (“errors”) within a particular set of items. Error Locating Arrays (ELAs) are combinatorial designs that can be built from Covering Arrays (CAs) to not only cover all errors in a system (each involving up to a certain number of items), but to locate and identify the errors as well. In this thesis, we survey known results for CGT, as well as CAs, ELAs, and some other types of related arrays. More importantly, we give several new results. First, we give a new algorithm that can be used to test a system in which each component (factor) has two options (values), and at most two errors are present. We show that, for systems with at most two errors, our algorithm improves upon a related algorithm by Mart´ınez et al. in terms of both robustness and efficiency. Second, we give the first adaptive CGT algorithm that can identify, among a given set of k items, all faulty interactions involving up to three items. We then compare it, performance-wise, to current-best nonadaptive method that can identify faulty interactions involving up to three items. We also give the first adaptive ELA-building algorithm that can identify all faulty interactions involving up to three items when safe values are known. Both of our new algorithms are generalizations of ones previously given by Mart´ınez et al. for identifying all faulty interactions involving up to two items.
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Maiuri, Ovidio V. „Testing of digital CMOS integrated circuits : the multidimensional testing paradigm“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299132.
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Hwang, Suntae. „VLSI testing for high reliability: Mixing IDDQ and logic testing“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056994488.
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Amundberg, Joel, und Martin Moberg. „System Agnostic GUI Testing : Analysis of Augmented Image Recognition Testing“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21441.
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Millsap, Claudette M. „Comparison of Computer Testing versus Traditional Paper and Pencil Testing“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2621/.
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This study evaluated 227 students attending 12 classes of the Apprentice Medical Services Specialist Resident Course. Six classes containing a total of 109 students took the Block One Tests in the traditional paper and pencil form. Another six classes containing a total of 118 students took the same Block One Tests on computers. A confidence level of .99 and level of significance of .01 was established. An independent samples t-test was conducted on the sample. Additionally, a one-way analysis of variance was performed between the classes administered the Block One Tests on computers. Several other frequencies and comparisons of Block One Test scores and other variables were accomplished. The variables examined included test versions, shifts, student age, student source, and education levels. The study found no significant difference between test administration modes. This study concluded that computer-administering tests identical to those typically administered in the traditional paper and pencil manner had no significant effect on achievement. It is important to note, however, that the conclusion may only be valid if the computer-administered test contains exactly the same test items, in the same order and format, with the same layout, structure, and choices as the traditional paper and pencil test. In other words, unless the tests are identical in every possible way except the actual test administration mode this conclusion may not be applicable.
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Thigpen, James, Peter C. Panus, Nicholas E. Hagemeier, L. K. Brooks und David W. Stewart. „Self-Testing Improves Exam Scores Regardless of Self-Testing Average“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1466.
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Objectives: To determine if there is a relationship between the number of self-testing attempts and subsequent exam grade in a pharmacy course. Method: A total of 1,342 multiple choice questions were developed for pharmacy students to self-test for a pathophysiology course. Prior to each examination, students were allowed to take online quizzes which were randomly generated and related to the exam content. Quizzes were scored immediately, and students were shown the incorrect questions along with all answer choices. A matrix of intercorrelations and repeated measures ANOVA, with post hoc tests, was generated using PASW Statistics Version 19 (IBM, Armonk, NY) to evaluate all variables. Results: 77 of 79 students (97.5%) participated, resulting in a total of 7,042 attempts. Non-participants were assigned a zero. There were variations in both the average practice attempts (18 – 30) and subsequent exam grade (82 – 90) on the 4 exams. However, a significant correlation (p ≤ 0.05) existed between number of attempts and each exam grade (R = 0.478, 0.426, 0.385, and 0.218). For each exam, students were stratified into the upper and lower 50%, according to the number of self-test attempts. On all four exams the lower 50%, based solely on attempts, scored significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) on the subsequent exam based on a two group T-test. Implications: Although self-testing strategies increase recall ability, this strategy is uncommon in pharmacy education. These results suggest that the number of self-testing attempts improves subsequent exam grade, regardless of the score for the self tests. Read More: http://www.ajpe.org/doi/full/10.5688/ajpe76599
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Svensson, Jacob, und Anders Hansén. „Automated Telephony Testing“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12444.
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Testing is a crucial part when developing electronics. One way to lower the costs and increase the efficiency is to avoid human interaction. This can be done with automated testing. The purpose with this thesis is to look into the possibility of automating telephony and facsimile tests with "off the shelf components" such as modems and standard computers. The proposed solution was put together and the needed software was developed, using Java. When testing electronics it is of most importance that the hardware and software carrying out the tests are reliable. To be able to ensure this, the software has been thoroughly tested, and the different error sources discussed. The biggest cause to the problems found was that the modems weren’t reliable. A general work around is presented, implemented and tested.
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Asan, Gunalp Hamza. „A Model Testing“. Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606902/index.pdf.
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The aim of the thesis is to test the validity of the statement &ldquoTourism income of Alanya is under a serious threat of decline&rdquo
raised by Alanya Chamber of Commerce and Industry, considering clustering approach. During the thesis a model is proposed in order to achieve this goal. In order to better identify Turkey and Alanya, an initial analysis aiming to gather information in the light of several economic indicators is carried out. This analysis also includes qualitative &
quantitative information collection about several aspects of Alanya such as population, transportation, health, and communication. Tourism is mentioned especially. Following, a model is built on Alanya in order to test the validity of the problem raised by Alanya Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The steps of the model includes investigation of the symptoms, SWOT analysis handling Alanya in terms of tourism, determination of the current tourism network structure in Alanya and the comparison of this structure with the network structure proposed in 2003 by METU IE System Design Senior Students. Main outcomes are interesting
the symptoms show that, Average Expenditure per Tourist (AEPT) value does not improve much, although number of tourists visiting Alanya has increased over the years. Mathematical analysis shows that, overall density of the current network structure of Alanya is only 0.0465 over 1.00. Its implication is that, the network is under-developed. But when compared with the study performed in 2003, it is possible to see a trend to self-develop. From 2003 to 2005, closeness and betweenness values, which evaluate the proximity and centrality of the members within the cluster, have increased. Also the diameter of the network evaluating number and variety of the linkages within the cluster has increased from 6 to 9. All these tell that, Alanya Chamber of Commerce and Industry may have a point to raise such a statement
however the region&rsquo
s self-development by the side networks from 2003 to 2005 creates value for clustering approach.
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Anglin, Carolyn. „Shoulder prosthesis testing“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq38298.pdf.
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Alisauskas, Saulius. „Community based testing“. Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124393.
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Currently, Android is the most popular operating system for mobile devices, but at the same time, the market for Android devices is heavily fragmented in terms of available versions, types of devices, models, form-factors and manufactures. As a result, it is virtually impossible to test applications on all existing devices. Testing on a set of the most popular devices is more realistic but can be expensive, which makes it much more difficult for individual developers to create high quality applications. Fortunately, each Android application developer around the world typically owns at least one device which is not used all the time and could be shared with other developers. This way, a community shared pool of Android devices can be created for automated test execution. This master thesis reviews existing testing frameworks that are used for testing Android applications and analyzes existing services that in one way or another try to solve the problem of providing affordable ways of performing testing on real devices. Main result of this thesis project is a working distributed community based testing service that enables developers to easily connect, share, and execute automated test cases on devices that use Android operating system. Moreover, it provides ways of decreasing overall test execution time by executing parts of tests in parallel on multiple devices and aggregating received results.För närvarande är Android det mest populära operativ system för mobila enheter, men samtidigt marknaden för Android-enheter är starkt splittrat i fråga om tillgängliga versioner, typ av enhet, modeller, form-faktorer, och tillverkar. Som ett resultat, är det praktiskt taget omöjligt att testa applikationer på alla befintliga enheter. Testa på en uppsättning av de mest populära produkter är realistiskt men kan vara dyrt, vilket gör det mycket svårare för enskilda utvecklare att skapa högkvalitativa ansökningar. Lyckligtvis äger varje Android ansökan utvecklare i världen typiskt åtminstone en enhet som inte används hela tiden och kan delas med andra utvecklare. På så sätt kan en gemenskap delad pool av Android-enheter skapas för minst automatiserade test exekvering. Detta examensarbete går igenom gällande testning ramverk som används för att testa Android applikationer och analyser liknande tjänster som på ett eller annat sätt försöka lösa problemet med att tillhandahålla prisvärda sätt att utföra tester på riktiga enheter. Huvudsakliga resultat av detta examensarbete är en fungerande distribuerad gemenskap baserad testning tjänst som gör det möjligt för utvecklare att enkelt ansluta, dela och exekvera automatiserade testfall på enheter som använder operativsystemet Android. Dessutom ger det möjligheter att accelerera övergripande testexekvering tid genom att utfö!ra delar om tester parallellt på flera enheter och sammanställa erhållna resultat.
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Yahyaoui, Aymen. „Testing deceptive honeypots“. Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44032.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedDeception can be a useful defensive technique against cyber attacks. It has the advantage of unexpectedness to attackers and offers a variety of tactics. Honeypots are a good tool for deception. They act as decoy computers to confuse attackers and exhaust their time and resources. The objective of this thesis was to test the effectiveness of some honeypot tools in real networks by varying their location and virtualization, and by adding more deception to them. We tested both a web honeypot tool and an SSH honeypot tool. We deployed the web honeypot in both a residential network and at the Naval Postgraduate School network; the NPS honeypot attracted more attackers. Results also showed that the virtual honeypots received attacks from more unique IP addresses, and that adding deception to the web honeypot generated more interest by attackers. For the purpose of comparison, we used examined log files of a legitimate website www.cmand.org. The traffic distributions for the web honeypot and the legitimate website showed similarities, but the SSH honeypot was different. It appears that both honeypot tools are useful for providing intelligence about cyber-attack methods.
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Padula, Anderson Vinicius. „Testing traditional concepts“. Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-185029.
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Artiola, Janick. „Well Water Testing“. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298300.
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Video is available on the UofAZCALS YouTube channel.After an introduction to the regulatory requirements and forms needed to drill or deepen a private well in AZ, this video provides detailed descriptions of the well drilling process with close up views of a drill rig, well casing placement, and pump removal and replacement steps.
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Connally, John Arnold. „Micromechanical fatigue testing“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12756.
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Pacheco, Carlos Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. „Directed random testing“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53297.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-162).
Random testing can quickly generate many tests, is easy to implement, scales to large software applications, and reveals software errors. But it tends to generate many tests that are illegal or that exercise the same parts of the code as other tests, thus limiting its effectiveness. Directed random testing is a new approach to test generation that overcomes these limitations, by combining a bottom-up generation of tests with runtime guidance. A directed random test generator takes a collection of operations under test and generates new tests incrementally, by randomly selecting operations to apply and finding arguments from among previously-constructed tests. As soon as it generates a new test, the generator executes it, and the result determines whether the test is redundant, illegal, error-revealing, or useful for generating more tests. The technique outputs failing tests pointing to potential errors that should be corrected, and passing tests that can be used for regression testing. The thesis also contributes auxiliary techniques that post-process the generated tests, including a simplification technique that transforms a, failing test into a smaller one that better isolates the cause of failure, and a branch-directed test generation technique that aims to increase the code coverage achieved by the set of generated tests. Applied to 14 widely-used libraries (including the Java JDK and the core .NET framework libraries), directed random testing quickly reveals many serious, previously unknown errors in the libraries. And compared with other test generation tools (model checking, symbolic execution, and traditional random testing), it reveals more errors and achieves higher code coverage.
(cont.) In an industrial case study, a test team at Microsoft using the technique discovered in fifteen hours of human effort as many errors as they typically discover in a person-year of effort using other testing methods.
by Carlos Pacheco.
Ph.D.
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Ward, Derek. „Digital parametric testing“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11514.
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As minimum geometries of VLSI processes continue to shrink there have been two main effects on the field of parametric test. Firstly, structures must be able to characterise these smaller geometries and secondly the space for test structures has become more limited due to the requirement for them to be located in the scribe channel. The work of this thesis investigates methods of increasing the efficiency of test structure implementation to alleviate these problems. This work has demonstrated SPICE parameter extraction from test transistors accessed via a digitally addressed multiplexer: firstly using test circuits, to analyse pass transistor effects, then on a test chip using multiplexed access. The technique allows SPICE parameters to be extracted from transistor arrays with a large saving in the number of probe pads and hence overall silicon area. Digital misalignment structures have been implemented for the characterisation of small geometry processes. Use of such structures is demonstrated in this thesis using both a shift register output and a novel 'diode vernier' scheme. One of the main drawbacks of using shift register structures has been the requirement for a large amount of functional circuitry. The diode vernier introduced in this thesis is a simply designed structure that can be easily tested with standard parametric test equipment and requires only one diode per test structure element. Finally, a digital process control chip has been fabricated to integrate the ideas presented in this thesis. This uses multiplexers to access both test transistors and diode vernier structures. It demonstrates the feasibility of using a digital approach to parametric test chip design which has the potential to significantly reduce the area required for test structures.
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V, Kusyk A. „PRELIMINARY PILOT TESTING“. Thesis, ПОЛІТ.Сучасні проблеми науки.Гуманітарні науки:тези доповідей XVII Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції молодих учених і студентів:[y 2-x т.].Т.2(м.Київ,4-7 квітня 2017 р.)/[ред.кол.:В.М.Ісаєнко та ін.]; Національний авіаційний університет.-К.:НАУ,2017.-374 с, 2017. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/27741.
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The work of pilot is one of the most difficult activity, that why the training is difficult as well. The process of professional training includes a lot of instruments and devices. The level of training should mainly guarantee safety. Accident analysis and preconditions shows that factors such as the mistakes in flight operations, errors in piloting techniques and operation of aviation equipment determines the overall accident rate. This causes the need to improve the organization of flight training for flight crews.
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Stokes, Michael Jeffrey. „Laboratory statnamic testing“. [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000326.
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Henderson, Lehman Edwin Jr. „Testing eigenvalue software“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185744.
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This dissertation describes a significant advance in automated testing of eigenvalue software. Several programs are described that assist the researcher in verifying that a new program is stable. Using backwards error techniques popularized by Wilkinson, a maximizer or "hill climber" systematically searches for instabilities in the program being tested. This work builds on software first reported by Miller and removes the restriction of not being able to work on iterative methods. Testing eigenvalue solver programs with sets of small random input data can often find instabilities, but the described hill climbing technique is more efficient. Using only ten sets of starting points, the maximizer will often find the instability, if it exists, in only a few tries.
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Massarollo, Juliane. „Talking and testing“. Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/102676.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura CorrespondenteMade available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T01:36:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
This study investigated the procedures used by EFL teachers to assess their students´ oral performance as well as students´ expectations as regards the measurement procedures they go through in the foreign language classroom. Data was collected by means of questionnaires, class observation, and interviews in the Letras EFL program at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, in Florianópolis-SC, and the participants were 106 students, and 5 teachers. Results show that teachers do not have similar approaches to assess students´ oral performance. Instead, each one makes use of an instrument they believe is better for oral performance assessment. With respect to students´ fulfillment of expectations concerning the assessment procedure they go through, in general terms, students' expectations are being accomplished. Este estudo investigou os procedimentos usados por professores de inglês como língua estrangeira para avaliar o desempenho oral de seus alunos, bem como as expectativas dos alunos em relação aos procedimentos de avaliação aos quais eles são submetidos na sala de aula de língua estrangeira. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários, observação de aulas e entrevistas no programa de graduação em Letras/Língua Inglesa e Literatura Correspondente na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, em Florianópolis-SC, e os participantes foram 106 alunos e 5 professores. Os resultados mostraram que os professores não têm abordagens similares para avaliar o desempenho oral dos alunos. Em vez disso, cada um faz uso de um instrumento que eles acreditam ser o melhor para a avaliação do desempenho oral. Quanto à concretização das expectativas dos alunos em relação ao procedimento de avaliação aos quais eles são submetidos, em termos gerais pode-se dizer que as mesmas estão sendo concretizadas.
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Belsick, Charlotte Ann. „Space Vehicle Testing“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/888.
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Requirement verification and validation is a critical component of building and delivering space vehicles with testing as the preferred method. This Master’s Project presents the space vehicle test process from planning through test design and execution. It starts with an overview of the requirements, validation, and verification. The four different verification methods are explained including examples as to what can go wrong if the verification is done incorrectly. Since the focus of this project is on test, test verification is emphasized. The philosophy behind testing, including the “why” and the methods, is presented. The different levels of testing, the test objectives, and the typical tests are discussed in detail. Descriptions of the different types of tests are provided including configurations and test challenges. While most individuals focus on hardware only, software is an integral part of any space product. As such, software testing, including mistakes and examples, is also presented. Since testing is often not performed flawlessly the first time, sections on anomalies, including determining root cause, corrective action, and retest is included. A brief discussion of defect detection in test is presented.
The project is actually presented in total in the Appendix as a Power Point document.
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Sipko, Marek M. „Testing template and testing concept of operations for speaker authentication technology“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FSipko.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): James F. Ehlert. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 99). Also available in print.
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Graham, Adam J. „Resource Limited Testing Center Scheduling For a Web-Based Testing Application“. DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1150.
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Testing centers are a useful tool to help instructors deliver computer-based tests, but computers resources are expensive and therefore limited. This paper describes a method by which testing center(s) may use iNetTest, a web-based computer aided testing system, to house and administer exams. The algorithm discussed in this paper makes it possible for instructors to schedule tests for a given time frame while ensuring that enough computer resources will be available to all of the students. The algorithm prevents the testing center from getting overwhelmed with students while attempting to maximize the usage of the valuable computer resources.
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El-Hage, Hassan M. „Digital triaxial testing system: Implementation of the digital triaxial testing system“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10673.
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Pang, Huan, und Noman Latif. „Cost-Benefit Analysis of Exploratory Testing in Comparison with Scripted Testing“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3671.
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Context: Exploratory Testing (ET) and Scripted Testing (ST) are two of the more commonly practiced manual testing approaches in industry. ST is a traditional testing approach in which testing is carried out by executing pre-designed test cases. While in ET, learning, test designing and test execution are carried out simultaneously. In many instances, ET and ST complement each other very well in projects; however, proponents of ET claim that ET is more cost-beneficial in comparison to ST. Moreover, a few studies have indicated that ET is more effective in defect detection. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted to compare the costs and benefits of these two approaches. Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of ET in comparison with ST. By comparing and analyzing these two testing approaches, this study attempts to aid in decision-making with respect to how resources should be allocated for ET and ST for certain projects. Methods: The factors of costs and benefits of ET and ST were identified by conducting six semi-structured interviews in industry. Based on the analysis of these factors, a CBA model is proposed. The academic and industrial evaluation of the proposed CBA model was performed by conducting five interviews with researchers and practitioners. In addition, a qualitative CBA of a process of ET, Session-Based Testing Management (SBTM), and a process of ST, Test-Case Based Testing (TCBT) is conducted by collecting data through questionnaires and interviews with industry practitioners. A total of 22 questionnaire responses and seven interviews were analyzed. Results: By analyzing the identified cost and benefit factors, a CBA model was developed based on the testing phases stated in the ISO/IEC 29119 standard. A qualitative CBA of the SBTM process in comparison with the TCBT process was conducted by applying the CBA model in a questionnaire. The following findings were gathered from the CBA: • The differences of the SBTM and TCBT processes are identified by an analysis of the activities performed in various organizations, which the respondents belonged to. • The results of the analysis and comparison, of the costs (in terms of effort) and benefits (quality of the testing activities) of these two testing processes, are presented with respect to each testing phase. • The factors that impact the costs and benefits of using SBTM and TCBT, are summarized and discussed in this report. • The scenarios, in which SBTM and TCBT can be more cost-beneficial, are identified based on practitioners’ opinions. Conclusions: According to the survey results, industry practitioners consider SBTM as more cost-beneficial in comparison with TCBT, particularly in the test design, implementation and test execution phases. However, industry practitioners also stressed that ET should not be considered as a replacement for ST. In some contexts, testing objectives are better achieved through a more scripted approach, while, in other contexts, testing objectives will benefit more from the ability to create and improve tests as they are being executed. Whether a testing approach is valuable or cost-beneficial also depends on the context of project and the required benefits.
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ahmed, Tanveer, und Madhu Sudhana Raju. „Integrating Exploratory Testing In Software Testing Life Cycle, A Controlled Experiment“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3414.
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Context. Software testing is one of the crucial phases in software development life cycle (SDLC). Among the different manual testing methods in software testing, Exploratory testing (ET) uses no predefined test cases to detect defects. Objectives. The main objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of ET in detecting defects at different software test levels. The objective is achieved by formulating hypotheses, which are later tested for acceptance or rejection. Methods. Methods used in this thesis are literature review and experiment. Literature review is conducted to get in-depth knowledge on the topic of ET and to collect data relevant to ET. Experiment was performed to test hypotheses specific to the three different testing levels : unit , integration and system. Results. The experimental results showed that using ET did not find all the seeded defects at the three levels of unit, integration and system testing. The results were analyzed using statistical tests and interpreted with the help of bar graphs. Conclusions. We conclude that more research is required in generalizing the benefits of ET at different test levels. Particularly, a qualitative study to highlight factors responsible for the success and failure of ET is desirable. Also we encourage a replication of this experiment with subjects having a sound technical and domain knowledge.H.no.2-7-644, Mukrumpura, Karimnagar, Pincode:500001, India, Phone number: +91-9908644775
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Turner, Christopher David. „State-based testing : a new method for testing object-oriented programs“. Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5087/.
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State-based testing is a new method for testing object-oriented programs. The information stored in the state of an object is of two kinds: control-information and data-storage. The control-information transitions are modelled as a finite state automaton. Every operation of the class under test is considered as a mapping from starting states to a finishing states dependent upon the parameters passed. The possible parameter values are analysed for significant values which combined with the invocation of an operation can be used to represent stimuli applied to an object under test. State-based testing validates the expected transformations that can occur within a class. Classes are modelled using physical values assigned to the attributes of the class. The range of physical values is reduced by the use of a technique based on equivalence partitioning. This approach has a number of advantages over the conceptual modelling of a class, in particular the ease of manipulation of physical values and the independence of each operation from the other operations provided by an object. The technique when used in conjunction with other techniques provides an adequate level of validation for object-oriented programs. A suite of prototype tools that automate the generation of state-based test cases are outlined. These tools are used in four case studies that are presented as an evaluation of the technique. The code coverage achieved with each case study is analysed for the factors that affect the effectiveness of the state-based test suite. Additionally, errors have been seeded into 2 of the classes to determine the effectiveness of the technique for detecting errors on paths that are executed by the test suite. 92.5% of the errors seeded were detected by the state-based test-suite.
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Vedder, Benjamin. „Testing Safety-Critical Systems using Fault Injection and Property-Based Testing“. Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Centrum för forskning om inbyggda system (CERES), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28173.
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Testing software-intensive systems can be challenging, especially when safety requirements are involved. Property-Based Testing (PBT) is a software testing technique where properties about software are specified and thousands of test cases with a wide range of inputs are automatically generated based on these properties. PBT does not formally prove that the software fulfils its specification, but it is an efficient way to identify deviations from the specification. Safety-critical systems that must be able to deal with faults, without causing damage or injuries, are often tested using Fault Injection (FI) at several abstraction levels. The purpose of FI is to inject faults into a system in order to exercise and evaluate fault handling mechanisms. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how knowledge and techniques from the areas of FI and PBT can be used together to test functional and safety requirements simultaneously. We have developed a FI tool named FaultCheck that enables PBT tools to use common FI-techniques directly on source code. In order to evaluate and demonstrate our approach, we have applied our tool FaultCheck together with the commercially available PBT tool QuickCheck on a simple and on a complex system. The simple system is the AUTOSAR End-to-End (E2E) library and the complex system is a quadcopter simulator that we developed ourselves. The quadcopter simulator is based on a hardware quadcopter platform that we also developed, and the fault models that we inject into the simulator using FaultCheck are derived from the hardware quadcopter platform. We were able to efficiently apply FaultCheck together with QuickCheck on both the E2E library and the quadcopter simulator, which gives us confidence that FI together with PBT can be used to test and evaluate a wide range of simple and complex safety-critical software.This research has been funded through the PROWESS EU project (Grant agreement no: 317820), the KARYON EU project (Grant agreement no: 288195) and through EISIGS (grants from the Knowledge Foundation).
PROWESS
KARYON
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Ahmed, Anwar. „COST AND ACCURACY COMPARISONS IN MEDICAL TESTING USING SEQUENTIAL TESTING STRATEGIES“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/103.
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The practice of sequential testing is followed by the evaluation of accuracy, but often not by the evaluation of cost. This research described and compared three sequential testing strategies: believe the negative (BN), believe the positive (BP) and believe the extreme (BE), the latter being a less-examined strategy. All three strategies were used to combine results of two medical tests to diagnose a disease or medical condition. Descriptions of these strategies were provided in terms of accuracy (using the maximum receiver operating curve or MROC) and cost of testing (defined as the proportion of subjects who need 2 tests to diagnose disease), with the goal to minimize the number of tests needed for each subject while maintaining test accuracy. It was shown that the cost of the test sequence could be reduced without sacrificing accuracy beyond an acceptable range by setting an acceptable tolerance (q) on maximum test sensitivity. This research introduced a newly-developed ROC curve reflecting this reduced sensitivity and cost of testing called the Minimum Cost Maximum Receiver Operating Characteristic (MCMROC) curve. Within these strategies, four different parameters that could influence the performance of the combined tests were examined: the area under the curve (AUC) of each individual test, the ratio of standard deviations (b) from assumed underlying disease and non-disease populations, correlation (rho) between underlying disease populations, and disease prevalence. The following patterns were noted: Under all parameter settings, the MROC curve of the BE strategy never performed worse than the BN and BP strategies, and it most frequently had the lowest cost. The parameters tended to have less of an effect on the MROC and MCMROC curves than they had on the cost curves, which were affected greatly. The AUC values and the ratio of standard deviations both had a greater effect on cost curves, MROC curves, and MCMROC curves than prevalence and correlation. The use of BMI and plasma glucose concentration to diagnose diabetes in Pima Indians was presented as an example of a real-world application of these strategies. It was found that the BN and BE strategies were the most consistently accurate and least expensive choice.