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William, Wilson, Bruce Dahl und David Hertsgaard. „Soybean quality differentials, blending, testing and spatial arbitrage“. Journal of Commodity Markets 18 (Juni 2020): 100095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2019.100095.
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Willoughby, Kim A., Jeff S. Uhlmeyer, Joe P. Mahoney, Keith W. Anderson und Linda M. Pierce. „Construction-Related Variability in Pavement Mat Density due to Temperature Differentials“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1849, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1849-18.
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The work reported on is an extension of work done in Washington State to examine the systematic occurrence and variability in pavement mat density. The focus will be on the extent of the pavement that is affected by variable density due to temperature differentials and the fact that randomly based testing does not identify the occurrence of cyclic density differentials. Temperature differentials 14°C (25°F) or greater generally cannot be compacted to the same level of density as the surrounding mat and therefore lead to significant density differentials (increase in air voids of 2% or more). A cyclic pattern typically occurs, matching each delivered truckload of mix, although temperature differentials can occur randomly or not at all, depending on the remixing device. The largest extent of pavement is affected when no remixing occurs and temperature differentials develop for every truckload of hot mix. These temperature differentials can cover the entire width and affect up to 50% of the mat. If the delivered hot mix is thoroughly remixed before placement, temperature differentials are minimal. Although density will vary in any paving operation, it was found that a uniform temperature mat greatly increases the ability to achieve a uniform density. Because of this cyclic pattern of variable density, random sampling for in-place density does not properly identify or quantify this problem. It is recommended that temperature differential areas be determined during construction and excluded from the random sampling used for acceptance testing. The issue of variable densities due to temperature differences or aggregate segregation should be identified and eliminated at the start of the project.
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Snow, R. C., M. Madalane und M. Poulsen. „Are men testing? Sex differentials in HIV testing in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa“. AIDS Care 22, Nr. 9 (September 2010): 1060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903193641.
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Grant, E. Kenneth, Robert Swidinsky und John Vanderkamp. „Canadian Union-Nonunion Wage Differentials“. ILR Review 41, Nr. 1 (Oktober 1987): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398704100108.
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Using extensive Canadian longitudinal data from the years 1969–71, the authors estimate union-nonunion wage differentials of 12–14 percent for 1969 and 13–16 percent for 1970. These estimates are not adjusted for selectivity because three different tests to identify selectivity yield no evidence of selectivity bias. The authors argue that although testing for selectivity is often essential, selectivity adjustments have resulted in greatly inflated estimates of union-nonunion wage differentials in some studies and should therefore be used with caution.
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Silva, Gisele B., Laércio Zambolim, Anne S. Prabhu, Leila G. Araújo und Francisco J. P. Zimmermann. „Estimation of phenotypic diversity in field populations of Magnaporthe grisea from two upland rice cultivars“. Fitopatologia Brasileira 32, Nr. 1 (Februar 2007): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582007000100001.
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The phenotypic diversity of Magnaporthe grisea was evaluated based on leaf samples with blast lesions collected from eight commercial fields of the upland rice cultivars 'BRS Primavera' and 'BRS Bonança', during the growing seasons of 2001/2002 and 2002/2003, in Goias State. The number of M. grisea isolates from each field utilized for virulence testing varied from 28 to 47. Three different indices were used based on reaction type in the eight standard international differentials and eight Brazilian differentials. The M. grisea subpopulations of ´Primavera' and 'Bonança', as measured by Simpson, Shannon and Gleason indices, showed similar phenotypic diversities. The Simpson index was more sensitive relation than those of Shannon and Gleason for pathotype number and standard deviation utilizing Brazilian differentials. However, the Gleason index was sensitive to standard deviation for international differentials. The sample size did not significantly influence the diversity index. The two sets of differential cultivars used in this study distinguished phenotypic diversity in different ways in all of the eight subpopulations analyzed. The phenotypic diversity determined based on eight differential Brazilian cultivars was lower in commercial rice fields of 'Primavera' than in the fields of 'Bonança,' independent of the diversity index utilized, year and location. Considering the Brazilian differentials, the four subpopulations of 'BRS Primavera' did not show evenness in distribution and only one pathotype dominated in the populations. The even distribution of pathotype was observed in three subpopulations of 'BRS Bonança'. The pathotype diversity of M. grisea was determined with more precision using Brazilian differentials and Simpson index.
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Caporale, Guglielmo Maria, und Nikitas Pittis. „Testing for Unbiasedness of Term Structure and Interest Differentials As Predictors of Future Inflation Changes and Inflation Differentials“. Canadian Journal of Economics 29 (April 1996): S565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/136109.
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Webb, A. J., P. R. Bampton und R. Mitchell. „Selection differentials in a pig dam line group nucleus“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (März 1991): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020936.
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Mixed model methods allow genetic merit to be compared directly for pigs measured in different environments or generations. They take into account genetic relationships among all individuals in the population, and allow continuous selection throughout the animal's life. The advantage is more accurate selection in larger populations. The risk is that selection decisions are decentralised to many different sites, requiring a high degree of supervision.In 1986 a “group nucleus” using BLUP and AI was established for a pig dam line in order to improve both litter size and lean growth. Selection occurs at several different stages in the life cycle, and this study examines selection differentials during performance testing together with the loss of differential resulting from visual appraisal.
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Favero, Carlo, Marco Pagano und Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden. „How Does Liquidity Affect Government Bond Yields?“ Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 45, Nr. 1 (26.11.2009): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009990494.
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AbstractThe paper explores the determinants of yield differentials between sovereign bonds, using euro-area data. There is a common trend in yield differentials, which is correlated with a measure of aggregate risk. In contrast, liquidity differentials display sizeable heterogeneity and no common factor. We propose a simple model with endogenous liquidity demand, where a bond’s liquidity premium depends both on its transaction cost and on investment opportunities. The model predicts that yield differentials should increase in both liquidity and risk, with an interaction term of the opposite sign. Testing these predictions on daily data, we find that the aggregate risk factor is consistently priced, liquidity differentials are priced for a subset of countries, and their interaction with the risk factor is in line with the model’s prediction and crucial to detect their effect.
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Sultan, A., A. Abelson, V. Bresler, L. Fishelson und O. Mokady. „Biomonitoring marine environmental quality at the level of gene-expression – testing the feasibility of a new approach“. Water Science and Technology 42, Nr. 1-2 (01.07.2000): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0324.
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Differential-display PCR (DD-PCR), a comparative method for detecting alterations in the expression pattern of unknown genes, was applied to identify markers for environmental pollution of the coastal marine environment, in Donax trunculus (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Bivalves collected from a site typified by industrial pollution were compared with bivalves collected from an unpolluted site. Additionally, bivalves from the unpolluted site were exposed in the laboratory to increasing levels of pollution. Multiple responsive fragments, including qualitative and quantitative differentials, were observed in both experimental designs. Fragment-specific primers may be designed for use in diagnostic amplifications, according to the sequence of selected differential fragments. This study is a first step toward the establishment of a marine warning and monitoring system based on the most basic level of biological response.
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Kučera, Pavel, und Václav Píštěk. „Testing of the mechatronic robotic system of the differential lock control on a truck“. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 14, Nr. 5 (01.09.2017): 172988141773689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881417736897.
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This article deals with testing the algorithm developed for autonomous control lock of the differential in a truck. Hardware for hardware in the loop testing of robotic systems or automotive systems is used and the proposed control algorithm was implemented into it. The system was applied to a vehicle with 8 × 8 drive and control algorithm evaluates input sensor values to set robotic console control. It is an actuator which consists of electrovalve, pneumatic cylinder, console, special dog clutch and feedback limit switch. This robotic console is used to lock the truck differentials. Verification of the correct algorithm operation was performed by manoeuvres and the response of the whole system was monitored. The aim was to get the reaction times of this mechatronic robotic system and evaluate them.
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Meuwissen, T. H. E. „The use of increased female reproductive rates in dairy cattle breeding schemes“. Animal Science 52, Nr. 1 (Februar 1991): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100005651.
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ABSTRACTThe effect of increased female reproductive rates on selection response, on efficiency of progeny testing and on the openness of the nucleus was investigated in open nucleus breeding plans. Conventional progeny testing plans and closed nucleus plans are special classes of open nucleus plans. In the open nucleus plans, generation intervals and selection across tiers were optimized. The number of offspring per elite dam was varied from 1 to 41, progeny testing of young bulls in the female base population was varied from 0 to 100 test records and the size of the nucleus was varied from 250 to 2000 young bulls born per year. Also efficiency of selection was varied: efficient selection in T(heoretical)-schemes and less efficient selection in P(ractical)-schemes. Especially, selection of base parents was less efficient i n P-schemes.The deterministic prediction model took account of variance reduction due to selection and reduction of selection differentials due to correlations between estimated breeding values of relatives (order statistics). For closed nucleus plans, the results of the model were verified with Monte Carlo simulation results.By increasing female reproductive rates, genetic gain increased by a factor 0·08 and 0·16 for the T- and P-schemes respectively. The nuclei in P-schemes were less open, due to the less efficient selection in the female base population. Schemes that were less open benefited more from increased female reproductive rates because selection differentials in small nuclei increased more than those in large base populations. The optimal open nucleus plan became less open with increasing female reproduction. Generally, progeny testing of bulls reduced genetic gain (by up to a factor 0·1) but it also reduced inbreeding rates. Progeny testing was more efficient in schemes that were less open: in P-schemes with 41 offspring per dam, progeny testing increased genetic gain. With many offspring per dam there were fewer full-sib families, causing lower selection differentials due to order statistics effects. This effect could be prevented by increasing the size of the nucleus.
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Titus, Andrea R., James F. Thrasher, Kristi E. Gamarel, Rafael Meza und Nancy L. Fleischer. „Smoke-Free Laws and Disparities in Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Nonsmoking Adults in the United States, 1999–2014“. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 23, Nr. 9 (04.04.2021): 1527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab038.
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Abstract Introduction Little is known about the relationship between smoke-free laws and persistent disparities in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among nonsmoking adults in the United States. Aims and Methods We constructed time-varying smoke-free law measures representing whether or not at least 50% of each US county’s population was covered by smoke-free laws in workplaces and hospitality venues (restaurants/bars). We merged these data with restricted data on cotinine-derived SHS exposure among nonsmokers from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014 (N = 25 444). Using logistic regression, we estimated associations between smoke-free law coverage and SHS exposure among all nonsmokers, and within age strata (25–39, 40–59, 60+). We explored differential associations by gender, race/ethnicity, education, and poverty–income ratio (PIR) by testing the significance of interactions terms for the full sample and within age strata. Results In adjusted models, hospitality coverage was associated with lower odds of SHS exposure in the full sample (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51–0.76), and within each age group, with ORs ranging from 0.58 (ages 25–39) to 0.67 (ages 60+). Workplace coverage was associated with lower SHS exposure only among younger adults (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.65–0.99). Within the full sample and among adults ages 40–59, hospitality laws were associated with narrowing SHS exposure differentials between males and females. Among adults ages 40–59, workplace laws were associated with narrowing exposure differentials between males and females, but worsening exposure disparities by PIR. Conclusions Smoke-free laws may reduce SHS exposure among adult nonsmokers, but may be insufficient to improve disparities in SHS exposure. Implications In a repeated cross-sectional sample of adult nonsmokers, smoke-free laws in hospitality venues were consistently associated with lower odds of SHS exposure and appeared to narrow exposure differentials between males and females. Associations between workplace smoke-free laws and SHS exposure were variable by age. Among adults ages 40–59, workplace laws were associated with narrowing exposure differentials between males and females while exacerbating exposure differentials by PIR. Differential patterns of association highlight the need to examine the impacts of tobacco control policies on downstream health equity.
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Tsuda, Izumi, Takayuki Takubo, Tomio Kamitani und Noriyuki Tatsumi. „Evaluation of use of the optional unit QA-810V for the determination of five-part leukocyte differentials“. Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 23, Nr. 3 (2001): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924601000098.
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The newly developed QA-810V is an optional unit for the determination of five-part white blood cell differentials. It can be used together with the same manufacturer's haematology analyser which has been used in relatively small-sized laboratories. The present study evaluates the basic performance of the QA-810V and the MEK-8118 haematology analyser using routinely obtained blood specimens treated with ethylenedioaminetetraacetic acid-2K. In this evaluation, reproducibility was good and little carryover was found. Accurate measurements were possible for up to 24h of storage. Storage at 4°C yielded more stable measurements of complete blood counts and five-part differentials than storage at room temperature. A good correlation between findings with the MEK-8118 haematology analyser and those with the SE-9000 haematology analyser was found for complete blood counts. The leukocyte differential obtained with the QA-810V correlated well with eye counts, withr>0.9for percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils. Scattergrams obtained with the QA-810V reflected the presence of abnormal cells. The performance of the QA-810V was excellent and it can improve the quality of testing in clinical laboratories.
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Smith, Zachery I., Edward R. Fyfe und Sean P. Wisotzkey. „Blast Testing and Analysis of Composite Cable Shields“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (Juli 2011): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.675.
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Suspension and cable-stayed bridge cables are currently vulnerable to multiple scenarios that can jeopardize the integrity of the bridge. These can include accidental truck fires and more recently, terrorist attacks. The inherent nature of suspension and cable-stay bridges leaves little redundancy to their structural loads paths. For this reason they are more susceptible to terrorist attacks than possibly any other structure. This paper looks at a composite cable shield composed of various materials each tailored to protect against unique threats. Several test specimens were manufactured by Fyfe Co. LLC and proof tested by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Multiple threat scenarios were simulated by plastic explosives, extreme heat differentials, and various cutting mechanisms. The distinctive prefabricated connections provide for fast installation and a very robust design to prevent cable shield separation under extreme loads. Through the use of several advanced composite materials the cable shields provide a widespread umbrella of protection for potential threats.
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Holmes, Mark J., und Jesús Otero. „A tale of two coffees? Analysing interaction and futures market efficiency“. Studies in Economics and Finance 37, Nr. 1 (30.01.2020): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-09-2019-0356.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the informational efficiency of Arabica (other milds) and Robusta coffee futures markets in terms of predicting future coffee spot prices. Design/methodology/approach Futures market efficiency is associated with the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between spot and future prices such that coffee futures prices are unbiased predictors of future spot prices. This study applies unit root testing to daily data for futures-spot price differentials. A range of maturities for futures contracts are considered, and the study also uses a recursive approach to consider time variation in futures market efficiency. Findings The other milds and Robusta futures prices tend to be unbiased predictors for their own respective spot prices. The paper further finds that other milds and Robusta futures prices are unbiased predictors of the respective Robusta and other milds spot prices. Recursive estimation suggests that the futures market efficiency associated with these cross cases has increased, though with no clear link to the implementation of the 2007 International Coffee Agreement. Originality/value The paper draws new insights into futures market efficiency by examining the two key types of coffee and analyses the potential interactions between them. Hitherto, no attention has been paid to futures contracts of the Robusta variety. The employment of unit root testing of spot futures coffee price differentials can be viewed as more stringent than an approach based on non-cointegration testing.
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Ngwakongnwi, Emmanuel, und Hude Quan. „Sex differentials in the use of centres for voluntary counselling and testing for HIV in Cameroon“. African Journal of AIDS Research 8, Nr. 1 (März 2009): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ajar.2009.8.1.5.718.
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Dittman, William A. „Pyknotic Lymphocytes In Infectious Mononucleosis“. Blood 122, Nr. 21 (15.11.2013): 4732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4732.4732.
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Context Pyknotic lymphocytes were infrequently observed in routine blood film evaluation of patients with clinical infectious mononucleosis. A marked increase in frequency was observed in 1995-1997. Objective To characterize the cause of these changes. Design Collection of samples from patients (25) with clinical infectious mononucleosis to ascertain the effect of anticoagulant and/or time lapse on lymphocytes and to correlate with monospot or Epstein-Barr virus antibody testing. Control samples (33), mixed hematopoietic disease (29) and lymphoproliferative disorders (36) were obtained also. Additional patients (53), identified by variant lymphocyte morphology during routine CBC’s, were verified by monospot or EBV testing and slides were made at 24 and 48 hours for differentials. Finally, single specimens (86) were obtained to establish predictability or correlation between pyknotic cells and monospot testing Setting Inpatient and outpatient hematology laboratory. Results Patients with clinical infectious mononucleosis demonstrated 8-10% pyknotic lymphocytes in 24 and 48 hour samples in all three anticoagulants (see Figure 1) compared with controls, “other diseases” (Table 2) and lymphoproliferative disorders (Table 3). An unexpected predictive correlation of pyknotic cells with positive monospot or Epstein-Barr Virus antibodies was demonstrated when pyknotic cells were seen with or without significant atypical lymphocytes during daily routine differential counting. Conclusion Observation of pyknotic lymphocytes adds a significant and inexpensive element to the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and consideration of Cytomegalic Virus infection in older patient Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Martínez-Garmendia, Josué, und James L. Anderson. „Premiums/Discounts and Predictive Ability of the Shrimp Futures Market“. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 30, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2001): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500001106.
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Seafood futures contracts are a novelty in the derivative markets, having shrimp as their only exponent. Unfortunately, shrimp futures contracts have suffered a disappointing start. The analyses focus on testing whether premiums/discounts for non-par deliverable shrimp size categories can eliminate cash price differentials, and whether the shrimp futures market can predict cash prices without bias. Results indicate ineffective premiums/discounts and predictive bias. These results and the momentous changes taking place in the seafood industry are contrasted to discuss the viability of seafood futures contracts.
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Kurusz, Mark, Donald J. Deyo, Alina D. Sholar, Weike Tao und Joseph B. Zwischenberger. „Laboratory testing of femoral venous cannulae: effect of size, position and negative pressure on flow“. Perfusion 14, Nr. 5 (September 1999): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919901400510.
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Femoral venous cannulae (17-28 French) were tested to compare flows obtained by their placement in a simulated inferior vena cava (IVC) or right atrium (RA) and by varying drainage pressures using gravity siphon drainage or a centrifugal pump in the venous line. The circuit consisted of conventional tubing and equipment including a segment of thin-walled latex tubing to simulate the IVC connected to a flexible reservoir to simulate the RA. The test fluid was a 40% glycerin solution. Flow was measured at height differentials of 30-60 cm (cannula-to-inlet of hard-shell venous reservoir) and with a -10 to -80 mmHg negative pressure created by the centrifugal pump. A roller pump returned the test fluid to a flexible bag to maintain a filling pressure of 0-1 mmHg. Flow increased modestly with an increasing height differential. When negative pressure was applied with the centrifugal pump, flow increased 10% and 18% (IVC and RA positions, respectively) compared to gravity siphon drainage conditions. There also was a tendency for flow to plateau or cease when the centrifugal pump was used at higher levels of negative pressure or when larger cannulae were used. We conclude: (1) position of smaller cannulae in the RA yield better flows than when the cannulae are larger and placed in the IVC; (2) smaller-sized cannulae are capable of achieving higher flows when the centrifugal pump is used; (3) cannulae must be properly positioned to achieve maximum flow; (4) the centrifugal pump will augment flow, but should be regulated to avoid extreme negative pressures; and (5) cannula design has no demonstrable effect on flow.
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Joseph, Saju, Karina Kielmann, Abhay Kudale, Kabir Sheikh, Swati Shinde, John Porter und Sheela Rangan. „Examining sex differentials in the uptake and process of HIV testing in three high prevalence districts of India“. AIDS Care 22, Nr. 3 (März 2010): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903193674.
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Bhuyan, K. C., und A. K. Majumder. „Testing Equality of Regressions When Error Variances are Heterogeneous to Study the Production Differentials of Rice in Bangladesh“. Biometrical Journal 38, Nr. 7 (1996): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710380708.
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Knight, Bob. „Therapists' Attitudes as Explanation of Underservice of Elderly in Mental Health: Testing an Old Hypothesis“. International Journal of Aging and Human Development 22, Nr. 4 (Juni 1986): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w5x8-07j1-5kv3-nfbj.
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The literature in mental health and aging has long argued that the presumably negative attitudes of therapists toward the aged are a major barrier to the aged receiving psychotherapy services. This investigation compared two measures of attitudes in a college student sample in order to test the reliability and validity of two commonly used measures of attitude in the general population. The same scales were then used in a sample of sixty-six mental health workers. The results suggest that Likert ratings and semantic differentials, although tapping a common dimension, differ in sensitivity to personal experience with the aged, that therapists had more positive beliefs about the elderly than did college students, and that therapist attitudes were not correlated with either proportion of elderly clients seen or desire to work with elderly. Work site emerged as an important predictor of numbers of elderly seen by therapists. It is argued that future research ought to focus on systems level variables in seeking to overcome barriers to therapy.
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Huang, Sanwen, Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers, Richard G. F. Visser und Evert Jacobsen. „An Accurate In Vitro Assay for High-Throughput Disease Testing of Phytophthora infestans in Potato“. Plant Disease 89, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2005): 1263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1263.
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An in vitro inoculation assay was developed as a routine disease testing method to study gene-for-gene interactions in the potato (Solanum tuberosum)-Phytophthora infestans pathosystem. The specificity and reliability of the new method was compared with the well-established detached-leaf assay. Four P. infestans isolates were tested for avirulence on a set of R gene differentials using tissue cultured plantlets and detached leaves. Both methods gave identical conclusions on avirulence profiles of all isolates. A population of 93 clones was phenotyped for segregation of two closely linked and functionally distinct genes—R3a and R3b—in the R3 locus. Both methods resulted in phenotypic scorings that were in perfect agreement for all clones. Furthermore, the phenotyping of the population was fully consistent with the genotyping obtained from analysis of molecular markers that flank each gene. This new assay is quick, space-effective, and accurate and can be used for investigation of the qualitative interaction between potato and P. infestans.
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Susanto, Ajib, De Rosal Ignatius Moses Setiadi, Eko Hari Rachmawanto, Ibnu Utomo Wahyu Mulyono, Christy Atika Sari, Md Kamruzzaman Sarker und Musfiqur Rahman Sazal. „Triple layer image security using bit-shift, chaos, and stream encryption“. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, Nr. 3 (01.06.2020): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i3.2001.
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One popular image security technique is image encryption. This research proposes an image encryption technique that consists of three encryption layers, i.e. bit-shift encryption, chaos-based encryption, and stream encryption. The chaos algorithm used is Arnold's chaotic map, while the stream cipher algorithm used is RC4. Each layer has different cryptology characteristics in order to obtain safer image encryption. The characteristics of cryptology are permutation, confusion, diffusion, and substitution. The combination of the proposed encryption method aims to secure images against various attacks, especially attacks on statistics and differentials. The encryption method testing is done by various measuring instruments such as statistical analysis, i.e. entropy information, avalanche effect, and histogram, differential analysis, i.e. UACI and NPCR, visual analysis using PSNR and SSIM, and bit error ratio. Based on the results of experiments that the encryption method that we propose can work excellently based on various measurement instruments. The decryption process can also work perfectly this is evidenced by the ∞ value based on PSNR, and zero value based on SSIM and BER.
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Kučera, Pavel, und Václav Píštěk. „Prototyping a System for Truck Differential Lock Control“. Sensors 19, Nr. 16 (20.08.2019): 3619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163619.
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The article deals with the development of a mechatronic system for locking vehicle differentials. An important benefit of this system is that it prevents the jamming of the vehicle in difficult adhesion conditions. The system recognizes such a situation much sooner than the driver and is able to respond immediately, ensuring smooth driving in off-road or snowy conditions. This article describes the control algorithm of this mechatronic system, which is designed for firefighting, military, or civilian vehicles with a drivetrain configuration of up to 10 × 10, and also explains the input signal processing and the control of actuators. The main part of this article concerns prototype testing on a vehicle. The results are an evaluation of one of the many experiments and monitor the proper function of the developed mechatronic system.
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Gagnon, Alain, und Bruno Toupance. „Testing isonymy with paternal and maternal lineages in the early Québec population: The impact of polyphyletism and demographic differentials“. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 117, Nr. 4 (14.03.2002): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10059.
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Cuss, R. J., J. F. Harrington, C. C. Graham, S. Sathar und A. E. Milodowski. „Observations of heterogeneous pore pressure distributions in clay-rich materials“. Mineralogical Magazine 76, Nr. 8 (Dezember 2012): 3115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.8.26.
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AbstractThe concept of effective stress is one of the basic tenets of rock mechanics where the stress acting on a rock can be viewed as the total stress minus the pore water pressure. In many materials, including clay-rich rocks, this relationship has been seen to be imperfect and a coefficient (χ) is added to account for the mechanical properties of the clay matrix. Recent experimental results during the flow testing (both gas and water) of several rocks (Callovo-Oxfordian claystone, Opalinus Clay, Boom Clay) and geomaterials (bentonite, kaolinite) has given evidence for stable high pressure differentials. The design of the experiments allows multiple measurements of pore pressure, which commonly shows a complex distribution for several different experimental geometries. The observed stable high pressure differentials and heterogeneous pore pressure distribution makes the describing of stress states in terms of effective stress complex. Highly localized pore pressures can be sustained by argillaceous materials and concepts of evenly distributed pore pressures throughout the sample (i.e. conventional effective stress) do not fit many clay-rich rocks if the complexities observed on the micro-scale are not incorporated, especially when considering the case of gas flow.
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Eriksson, Tor. „The managerial power impact on compensation – some further evidence“. Corporate Ownership and Control 2, Nr. 3 (2005): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv2i3p9.
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The aim of this paper is to test the managerial power hypothesis more rigorously than in previous studies by: testing it against the compensating wage differentials explanation, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal data, and adopting two alternative measures of managerial power; a frequently used indirect one, and a more direct power indicator. The results of analysis show that despite introducing individual characteristics, when using two or three alternative measures of managerial power and when estimating the managerial compensation model on cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data (the later allowing me to cater for unobserved heterogeneity), the power variables continue to obtain positive and statistically significant co-efficient estimates.
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김현식. „A Study on Fertility Differentials among Korean Wives and Foreign Wives: Theorizing and Testing Effect Heterogeneities by Countries of Origin“. Health and Social Welfare Review 38, Nr. 2 (Juni 2018): 42–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2018.38.2.42.
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Pandey, Rishikesh. „Gender Differentials in Perceiving Climate Change Impacts in the Kaligandaki Basin, Nepal“. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, Nr. 1 (31.12.2020): 173–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v9i1.35286.
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The global climate system is changing faster than earlier projections with variable rates across the geographic scale. The impacts are also perceived heterogeneously across the places and communities. This study explores gender differentials in impact-perception in the Kaligandaki river valley in central Nepal. Research used primary data collected from 360 households, 75 Key Informants and 24 Focus Groups Discussion as well as through construction of nine Historical Timeline Calendars from three clusters – Meghauli (lower basin), Lumle (middlepart) and Upper-Mustang (upper-basin). The impact perception was assessed under seven social-ecological variables in the unipolar Likert Scale. The impact perception does not significantly differ across the gender of respondents while testing the means of perception scores and probably it is due to the impacts that have been experienced at profound level. The test of independence of gender to level of impacts indicates no significant association. This research also tried to check if other social-economic variables such as age of respondents and landholding size of household as well as self-reported economic status of households were significantly associated with some of the impacts. However, the number of cells with expected counts less than 5 in chi-square test turned to be more than 20 percent so they were considered to be invalid. Nevertheless, impact perception is significantly associated with the places of residence or study clusters, which indicates that local social-ecological system matters in climate change impacts. The qualitative information however, suggests otherwise that women feel higher level of risk and impacts, and is related to their concern over the welfare of family members and livelihood resources. Since risk perception is found to be related to spatial characteristics, this research recommends for development and implementation of targeted and localized adaptation policies. None the less, those policies must also recognize the women’s concerns on climate change impacts.
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Johnson, Mathew, Aristea Koukiadaki und Damian Grimshaw. „The Living Wage in the UK: testing the limits of soft regulation?“ Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 25, Nr. 3 (18.06.2019): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258919845768.
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This article critically evaluates the mixed fortunes of the Living Wage in the UK since its introduction in London nearly 20 years ago. The evidence shows that the gains in hourly pay have been significant, and have been achieved at little or no cost to jobs or working hours. An adequate living wage is therefore a necessary factor in reducing labour market inequality and eradicating in-work poverty. However, the UK case demonstrates that a living wage is not a sufficient factor in the absence of both a coordinated approach for universal implementation and linkages with effective collective bargaining. Poor coordination explains the very low proportion of low-wage workers covered by a voluntary Living Wage. Weak links with collective bargaining mean that even where a Living Wage is introduced by a low-wage employer, further positive wage ripple effects (e.g. by sustaining wage differentials) are rare. The argument advanced here is that while employers increasingly perceive voluntary accreditation with the Living Wage Foundation as an important symbol of ‘business ethics’, the Living Wage remains a relatively isolated wage-setting instrument in the UK. This is the result not only of the voluntarist nature of the campaign but also of the limited scope for direct interaction with other wage-setting mechanisms in the UK, despite evidence of positive complementarity between a living wage and collectively bargained pay structures. The article concludes by exploring different mechanisms through which the Living Wage could be extended and embedded across low-wage labour markets.
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Snelgar, RJ. „The effects of different approaches to salary survey data analysis on pay curve midpoint values“. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, Nr. 4 (15.11.2003): 905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i4.1528.
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Despite the acceptance of salary survey market data as justification for salary differentials, the whole area of collection, analysis, and interpretation has not been subject to the same scrutiny as hiring practices and testing. Many aspects of surveys have been ignored by researchers. Little can be said about the effects of different formats in the accuracy of data obtained, about ensuring comparability of job matches, about how representative relevant markets surveys are, or about reliability of analysis of survey results. This study has revealed the extent to which individual survey position averages have been obscured by the inclusion of data from different position grades. As a result, different approaches to the analysis of data from the same salary survey have resulted in different pay lines/curves.
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Meuwissen, T. H. E. „Expectation and variance of genetic gain in open and closed nucleus and progeny testing schemes“. Animal Science 53, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1991): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020043.
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AbstractOpen and closed nucleus and conventional and modern progeny testing schemes were compared for expectation and variance of genetic gain. Generation intervals were optimized, with minimum values of 2 and 6 years (progeny test results available) for males in nucleus and progeny testing schemes, respectively. Females had a minimum generation interval of 2 years, except in the conventional progeny testing schemes, which had a minimum of 4 years (one individual record available). Apart from the generation intervals and the progeny test, open nucleus and progeny testing schemes were identical, since ‘nucleus females’ are also born in progeny testing schemes, being full-sibs of the young bulls and dispersed over commercial herds. The number of nucleus sires (bull sires) selected was varied between four and 32. Selection was for milk production.A deterministic model was used, that accounted for variance reduction due to selection and the effects of finite size and family structure on the selection differentials. Prediction of the variance of the selection response accounted for selection of full- and paternal half-sibs.Closed nucleus schemes gave a factor 0·03, 0·13 and 0·19 larger response rates than open nucleus and modern and conventional progeny testing schemes, respectively. Reduction of genetic variance of open nucleus schemes was larger than that of closed nucleus schemes, which caused the slightly higher response rates of closed nucleus schemes. Standard deviations of selection responses of closed nucleus schemes were a factor 0·46, 0·79 and 0·86 larger, respectively.Preference for the schemes was assessed using a quadratic utility function expressing risk and inbreeding aversion. The increase in genetic gain due to shortening of generation intervals more than compensated for its increased variance. Whether the increased genetic gain due to closing the nucleus compensated for its increased variance depended on the amount of risk aversion. Selection of four sires and eight to 16 sires had the highest utility in progeny testing and nucleus schemes, respectively.
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Wolszczak-Derlacz, Joanna. „The Impact of Gender Wage Gap on Sectoral Economic Growth – Cross-country Approach“. Equilibrium 8, Nr. 3 (30.09.2013): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2013.022.
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We propose an empirical analysis of testing the relationship between gender wage gap and economic growth. The study takes into account 12 manufacturing sectors in 18 OECD countries for the period between 1970 and 2005.We use industrial statistics (EU KLEMS, 2008) on female and male wages that distinguish between wages paid to different groups of workers classified according to skill level: high, medium and low. We estimate augmented production function where the malefemale wage differentials constitute a potential channel influencing growth (positively or negatively). Our research is motivated by the ambiguous results of previous empirical studies (e.g.: Seguiono 2000; Busse, Spielmann 2006; Seguino 2011; Schober, Winter-Ebmer 2011). Our main findings indicate that gender wage gap for high, medium and low-skilled workers is negatively correlated with sectoral growth. This results are confirmed in a number of robustness checks.
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Sivapandi, Krishnakumar, Amruta Velumani, Kallathikumar Kallathiyan, Sandhya Iyer und Prachi Sinkar. „Blood mercury and liver enzymes: A pan-India retrospective correlation study“. Toxicology and Industrial Health 36, Nr. 12 (17.11.2020): 1019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233720970437.
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Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal, and the reported effects of exposure on liver function continue to be inconsistent. The objective of our study was to identify correlations between high blood Hg levels and liver enzymes in a pan-India population including adults ≥19 years of age. This retrospective study analyzed the data from 95,398 individuals tested for blood Hg levels and liver enzymes in our national laboratory. Testing for blood Hg was done by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, while testing for liver enzymes—aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase—was done by automated photometry systems. Data from all the individuals inclusive of 52,497 males and 42,901 females were studied. The frequency of high blood Hg levels (>5 µg/L) was found to be 0.6%, and the difference between males and females was not found to be significant. Further correlation by linear regression analysis found no relationship between high blood Hg levels and liver enzymes among females. However, among males, there was a significant correlation between high blood Hg levels, and increased AST as well as ALT. Our report suggested that for males but not females, Hg exposure may be one of the differentials for elevated liver enzymes.
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Hartmann, Miriam, Michele Lanham, Thesla Palanee-Phillips, Florence Mathebula, Elizabeth E. Tolley, Dean Peacock, Laura Pascoe et al. „Generating CHARISMA: Development of an Intervention to Help Women Build Agency and Safety in Their Relationships While Using PrEP for HIV Prevention“. AIDS Education and Prevention 31, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2019): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2019.31.5.433.
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This article describes the development of the Community Health clinic model for Agency in Relationships and Safer Microbicide Adherence intervention (CHARISMA), an intervention designed to address the ways in which gender norms and power differentials within relationships affect women's ability to safely and consistently use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). CHARISMA development involved three main activities: (1) a literature review to identify appropriate evidence-based relationship dynamic scales and interventions; (2) the analysis of primary and secondary data collected from completed PrEP studies, surveys and cognitive interviews with PrEP-experienced and naïve women, and in-depth interviews with former vaginal ring trial participants and male partners; and (3) the conduct of workshops to test and refine key intervention activities prior to pilot testing. These steps are described along with the final clinic and community-based intervention, which was tested for feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness in Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Fu, Yongda, und John T. DeWolf. „Cracking in a Curved, Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridge“. Advances in Structural Engineering 5, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2002): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/136943302320974608.
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A study to monitor a multi-span reinforced concrete bridge was recently completed. The bridge is curved, with a non-prismatic three-cell box cross section. Extensive field testing was performed to evaluate the causes and effects of large shear cracks. Evaluation of the test results has shown that the distribution of strains in the bridge is significantly different from those assumed in design. This paper reports on the use of finite element analysis to assist in the evaluation of the behavior. Of prime interest has been the identification of the sources of the discrepancy between the test data and the design. This work shows that it is necessary to include concrete softening due to both shear and flexural cracking. The finite element model has also been used to demonstrate that the cracks were primarily the result of temperature differentials arising from the position of the sun during the normal daily cycle.
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Jiang, Li, Soum Sanogo und Paul W. Bosland. „Using Recombinant Inbred Lines to Monitor Changes in the Race Structure of Phytophthora capsici in Chile Pepper in New Mexico“. Plant Health Progress 16, Nr. 4 (Januar 2015): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-15-0034.
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Since 2008, 11 races of Phytophthora capsici have been identified in New Mexico based on their reactions to a set of host differentials, the New Mexico Recombinant Inbred Lines (NMRILs) developed by the Chile Pepper Breeding Program at New Mexico State University. The objective of this study was to appraise the current race structure of 13 isolates of P. capsici newly collected from chile pepper fields in New Mexico. Of the 13 isolates, 12 were identified as new races. Race 25 (isolate PWB175) was the most virulent isolate, and showed virulence that was higher than that of race 1 (PWB24), which is widely used as a highly virulent race for resistance testing of chile peppers in the United States, and was considered as a potential risk for chile pepper production in New Mexico. Of the 17 NMRILs tested, only 7 were needed for the identification of the 12 new races. The NMRILs are genetically stable including their disease reactions, and hence, are invaluable as P. capsici race differentials. A resistance index that ranges from 0 to 1 with 1 being resistant to all isolates was developed in this study. Among all the NMRILs evaluated, one NMRIL (NMRIL-R) had a low resistance index of 0.17, demonstrating its susceptibility to most of the isolates, while other NMRILs (A, B, F, O, and Z) showed medium to high levels of resistance to the P. capsici evaluated with the range of resistance index from 0.75 to 0.89. The NMRILs with a high resistance index can be a good source of resistance for chile pepper breeding programs. The results of this study prove that multiple races of P. capsici can exist in a single production field and plant breeders must be cognizant to breed for more than one race in a given production location. Accepted for publication 3 December 2015. Published 17 December 2015.
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Shoaib, Muhammad, und Hazir Ullah. „Teachers' perspectives on factors of female students' outperformance and male students' underperformance in higher education“. International Journal of Educational Management 35, Nr. 3 (19.01.2021): 684–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-05-2020-0261.
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PurposeThis paper attempts to explore possible contributing factors of females' outperformance and males' underperformance in the higher education in Pakistan from teachers' perspective. The central question of the study is what are the key factors that affect female and male students' educational performance at the university level? Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a framework, we attempted to predict differentials of the perceived “female outperformance” and “male underperformance” in higher education. We carried out the study by employing quantitative research methods.Design/methodology/approachThe data for the study come from 253 teachers from University of the Punjab-largest and oldest University in Pakistan. We used a structured questionnaire for data collection. The analysis was carried out with the help of ANN model. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe testing results of ANN indicated 85.3% of teachers' perception was correctly predicted on various dimensions of performance differentials across female and male students in higher education.Research limitations/implicationsThe study banks on primary data collected from teachers of the University of University of the Punjab, Pakistan. Thus, the study's universe was limited to one university – University of Punjab. It is purely based on a quantitative approach employing ANN.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have several significant implications, i.e. it makes a significant contribution to the existing body of scholarly texts on the issue of gender reverse change in academic performance in higher education.Originality/valueThe findings of this research, derived from primary data in Pakistan context, qualify this research as an original one. We also claim that this study is one of the first studies on gender reverse change in academic performance among graduate students in a public sector university of Pakistan employing ANN.
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Hassan, U., B. Reddy, G. Damhorst, O. Sonoiki, T. Ghonge, C. Yang und R. Bashir. „A microfluidic biochip for complete blood cell counts at the point-of-care“. TECHNOLOGY 03, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2015): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2339547815500090.
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Complete blood cell counts (CBCs) are one of the most commonly ordered and informative blood tests in hospitals. The results from a CBC, which typically include white blood cell (WBC) counts with differentials, red blood cell (RBC) counts, platelet counts and hemoglobin measurements, can have implications for the diagnosis and screening of hundreds of diseases and treatments. Bulky and expensive hematology analyzers are currently used as a gold standard for acquiring CBCs. For nearly all CBCs performed today, the patient must travel to either a hospital with a large laboratory or to a centralized lab testing facility. There is a tremendous need for an automated, portable point-of-care blood cell counter that could yield results in a matter of minutes from a drop of blood without any trained professionals to operate the instrument. We have developed microfluidic biochips capable of a partial CBC using only a drop of whole blood. Total leukocyte and their 3-part differential count are obtained from 10 mL of blood after on-chip lysing of the RBCs and counting of the leukocytes electrically using microfabricated platinum electrodes. For RBCs and platelets, 1 mL of whole blood is diluted with PBS on-chip and the cells are counted electrically. The total time for measurement is under 20 minutes. We demonstrate a high correlation of blood cell counts compared to results acquired with a commercial hematology analyzer. This technology could potentially have tremendous applications in hospitals at the bedside, private clinics, retail clinics and the developing world.
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Mack, Savannah, Jinho Shin, Yoomin Ahn, Alejandro R. Castaneda, Janice Peake, Ciara Fulgar, JingJing Zhang, Yoon Hee Cho und Kent E. Pinkerton. „Age-dependent pulmonary reactivity to house dust mite allergen: a model of adult-onset asthma?“ American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 316, Nr. 5 (01.05.2019): L757—L763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00468.2018.
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Asthma is a heterogeneous disease differentiated by factors like allergen sensitivity, inflammation, sex, and age at onset. The mouse model is widely used to study the early-life development of allergic asthma. However, age-dependent allergen responses later in life remain relatively understudied and lack a widely accepted model. To differentiate age-dependent responses to the ubiquitous house dust mite (HDM), 3- and 9-mo-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two groups each and exposed to HDM or phosphate-buffered saline (control) via intranasal instillation for sensitization and challenge phases. At 24 h after challenge, all mice underwent pulmonary function testing and methacholine challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for assessment of cell differentials, and right lung lobes were fixed, sectioned, and stained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Both age groups demonstrated strong inflammatory/allergic responses to HDM exposure. However, only 9-mo-old HDM-exposed mice demonstrated significant airway hyperresponsiveness compared with age-matched controls. These HDM-exposed mice also had 1) statistically significant increases in tissue bronchiolitis, perivasculitis, and BALF neutrophilia relative to their younger counterparts and 2) significantly increased extent of immunostaining compared with all other groups. This study presents a potential model for adult-onset asthma, focusing specifically on the atopic, perimenopausal female phenotype. Our findings suggest that lung function declines with age and that the inflammatory profile of this adult subgroup is a mixed, rather than a simple, atopic, Th2 response. This model may enhance our understanding of how age influences the development of asthmic-like symptoms in older subgroups.
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Medina, Rocío, Silvina M. Y. López, Mario E. E. Franco, Cristina Rollan, Blanca L. Ronco, Mario C. N. Saparrat, Pierre J. G. M. De Wit und Pedro A. Balatti. „A Survey on Occurrence of Cladosporium fulvum Identifies Race 0 and Race 2 in Tomato-Growing Areas of Argentina“. Plant Disease 99, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2015): 1732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-14-1270-re.
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The presence of Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Passalora fulva), causal agent of tomato leaf mold, was confirmed in the two main greenhouse-production areas for tomato in Argentina. Using both morphological characters and internal transcribed spacer sequencing, we confirmed the presence of physiological races of this pathogen. A diagnostic multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also developed, using primers derived from C. fulvum avirulence (Avr) genes. In all, 20 isolates of Cladosporium spp. were obtained as monospore cultures and 12 were identified as C. fulvum. By this method, we showed that, of these 12 isolates, 5 were race 0 (carrying functional Avr2, Avr4, Avr4E, and Avr9 genes) and 7 were race 2 (lacking the Avr2 gene). Race identity was confirmed by testing their virulence on a set of tomato differentials carrying different Cf resistance genes. All Avr genes could be amplified in single or multiplex PCR using DNA isolated from in vitro grown monospore cultures but only three Avr could be amplified when genomic DNA was isolated from C. fulvum-infected necrotic leaf tissue.
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Honnas, Cheri M., Jillian M. Athey, Guilherme G. Verocai, Karen F. Snowden, Maria D. Esteve-Gasent und Joseph M. Mankin. „Apparent Ixodes tick paralysis in a cat from North America“. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 6, Nr. 2 (Juli 2020): 205511692096400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116920964001.
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Case summary A 2-year-old castrated male domestic longhair cat presented for acute, diffuse, flaccid paralysis. Thoracic and abdominal radiographs, biochemistry panel and complete blood count were unremarkable. Titers to Toxoplasma gondii, myasthenia gravis radioimmunoassay testing and creatinine kinase levels were within normal limits. The most likely differentials included acute toxicity (coral snake envenomation, organophosphate toxicity), botulism and, less likely, acute polyradiculoneuritis. A thorough physical examination revealed a single engorged tick attached to the ventral neck of the cat, which was later identified as an adult female Ixodes species. Topical fipronil and (S)-methoprene was administered. Over the next 48 h, the cat recovered full motor function and at 5 days post-tick removal the cat had resumed all normal activities. Relevance and novel information Tick paralysis is considered endemic in Australia by bites from, most commonly, the Ixodes holocyclus tick. However, this phenomenon is rarely reported in the USA. This is the first report of a domestic cat suffering from acute tick paralysis in North America.
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Darden, J. M., E. M. Earhart und G. T. Flowers. „Comparison of the Dynamic Characteristics of Smooth Annular Seals and Damping Seals“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, Nr. 4 (01.03.1999): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1383256.
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Annular seals are known to enhance rotordynamic stability margins and minimize vibration response levels in high-speed rotating machinery. Theoretical predictions for the rotordynamic characteristics of annular seals exist but additional experimental data is needed to properly anchor these results. NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed an annular seal test rig and facility to experimentally characterize axially fed annular seals. Annular seals with deliberately roughened stators (i.e., damping seals) have been shown analytically to increase stability margins of rocket engine turbomachinery by reducing the seal’s whirl frequency ratio. The capabilities of MSFC’s annular seal test rig have been enhanced to allow high fluid inlet preswirl testing that is more representative of actual turbopump seal boundary conditions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the effect of this realistic preswirl on the stabilizing capability of both damping and smooth seals. Centered seal results are presented for both a smooth annular seal and a damping seal. These results were obtained for a range of seal pressure differentials, shaft rotational speeds, and two levels of inlet fluid preswirl.
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Malhotra, Sumit, Manju Rahi, Payal Das, Rini Chaturvedi, Jyoti Chhibber-Goel, Anup Anvikar, Hari Shankar et al. „Epidemiological profiles and associated risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients based on a high-throughput testing facility in India“. Open Biology 11, Nr. 6 (Juni 2021): 200288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200288.
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We describe the epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors of those presenting at a large testing centre for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a retrospective record review of individuals who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at a high-throughput national-level government facility located in the north of India. Samples collected from 6 April to 31 December 2020 are included in this work and represent four highly populous regions. Additionally, there was a prospective follow-up of 1729 cases through telephone interviews from 25 May 2020 to 20 June 2020. Descriptive analysis has been performed for profiling clinic-epidemiological aspects of suspect cases. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was undertaken to determine risk factors that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity and symptom status. A total of 125 600 participants' details have been included in this report. The mean (s.d.) age of the participants was 33.1 (±15.3) years and 66% were male. Among these tested, 9515 (7.6%) were positive for COVID-19. A large proportion of positive cases were asymptomatic. In symptomatic positive cases, the commonest symptoms were cough and fever. Increasing age (groups 20–59 and ≥60 years compared to age group less than 5 years), male sex, history of international travel, symptoms for SARS-CoV-2, and participants from Delhi and Madhya Pradesh were positively associated with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity. Having co-morbidity, risk behaviours and intra-familial positivity were associated with a positive odds ratio for exhibiting SARS-CoV-2 symptoms. Intensified testing and isolation of cases, identification of both asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals and additional care of those with co-morbidities and risk behaviours will all be collectively important for disease containment in India. Reasons for differentials in testing between men and women remain an important area for in-depth study. The increased deployment of vaccines is likely to impact the trajectory of COVID-19 in the coming time, and therefore our data will serve as a comparative resource as India experiences the second wave of infection in light of newer variants that are likely to accelerate disease spread.
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Ugwonna, Grace Ogechukwu, Samuel Agozie Ezeudu, Okechukwu Onyinye Nwaubani, Anthonia N. Utoh-Ofong, Obiageli Calista Onyeanusi, Patricia Nwamaka Aroh, Samuel Okechukwu Ome et al. „Gender differentials in the Use of Instructional Models in Enhancing Adolescents’ Interest and Achievement in Voter Education Contents of Senior Secondary School Government Curriculum“. Global Journal of Health Science 12, Nr. 5 (08.05.2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n5p121.
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The study determined gender effect in the efficacy of group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry instructional models in enhancing adolescent students’ interest and achievement in voter education related contents of senior secondary school Government curriculum. The study adopted quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group design. Sample for the study consisted of 165 SS II students drawn from senior secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu state Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the intact classes from each of the schools that were assigned to the two experimental groups. Data collected using Multiple Choice Government Achievement Test (MCGAT) and Government Interest Inventory (GII) were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions and ANCOVA for testing the hypothesis at P < 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that both group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry models were effective in enhancing interest and achievement of male and female students in voter education related contents in senior secondary school Government curriculum. However, group investigation proved more efficacious. These findings were exhaustively discussed with recommendations on how to manage gender factor in using student-centred instructional models in enhancing students’ interest and achievement.
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Deutsch, Varda, Yair Herishanu, Aaron Polliack, Elizabeth Naparstek, Dina Meyuhas und Sigi Kay. „Detection of ZAP70 Negative B-CLL Patients Using the Beckman Coulters Positional Parameter Technology and RPD (Research Population Data) Analysis.“ Blood 108, Nr. 11 (16.11.2006): 4934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4934.4934.
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Abstract B-CLL, the most common type of leukemia in adults, is heterogeneous with a varying clinical course ranging from indolent to aggressive disease. CLL patients with mutated Ig V(H) genes have a good prognosis while those with non-mutated Ig V(H) status and expression of the ZAP70 protein tyrosine kinase generally have aggressive disease and shorter survival. Testing for IgV(H) mutations is not routinely performed due to cost and ZAP70 testing is still technically difficult. As these tests remain generally inappropriate for B-CLL patient screening, we tested the capacity of the new Beckmann Coulter LH750 blood analyzers to provide additional morphometric information on the CLL cell population. These analyzers use a highly informative positional parameter technology - VCS (Volume, Conductivity, Scatter) technology, and automated RPD analysis which provide the Mean and Standard Deviation of Volume, Conductivity and Scatter (VCS) for each of the main WBC types (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils), thereby enabling the detection of abnormal WBC populations associated with various hematological and non-hematological disorders. We attempted to determine if the RPD generated could differentiate between the ZAP70pos and ZAP70neg B-CLL subgroups as determined by high resolution quantitative ZAP70 flow cytometry analysis (1). This study included 30 newly diagnosed untreated CLL patients. CBC was performed on all samples using automated leukocyte differentials in the Beckmann-Coulter LH750. Statistical analysis was performed with Medcalc® 8.1.1.0. Results show that there was no correlation between the WBC number, ZAP70pos expression (found in 59% of the cases) and lymphocyte volume, scatter, or conductivity or SD of these parameters. However, differences in the automated morphology of the Zap70neg compared with Zap70pos CLL lymphocytes was detected. When compared to normal lymphocyte volume (85.8±14.5), the Lymphocyte Mean Volume (MLYV) was lower in the ZAP70neg samples (77.7±17.6) (p<0.05), while the ZAP70pos samples had increased volumes (87.5±15.8), similar to values reported in other myeloproliferative states. The conductivity of the ZAP70neg cells was reduced (110±15.0) below normal (117±11.5) (p=0.038), while the ZAP70pos cells had conductivity similar to the control group. Higher levels of lymphocyte apoptosis were clearly observed in the ZAP70neg samples by VCS. When using ROC (receiver operating curve analysis) to detect the potential ZAP70neg cases, the cut off proposed is MLYV < 76 with a sensitivity of 69.2% and a specificity of 70% AUC 0,650. Herein we propose an entirely new approach which may provide a novel diagnostic screening approach to enable identification of CLL patients who do not require further complex testing. This data is derived directly from the CBC of the Beckman-Coulter LH750 analyzers at no extra cost. As it will be necessary to analyze many more cases from different laboratories, an international working group has been formed in an attempt to confirm these early observations.
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Valenzuela, Nicole. „Podocnemis expansa Turtles Hint to a Unifying Explanation for the Evolution of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Long-Lived and Short-Lived Vertebrates“. Sexual Development 15, Nr. 1-3 (2021): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515208.
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The adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) remains elusive for many long-lived reptiles. Various hypotheses proposed potential ecological drivers of TSD. The Charnov-Bull’77 model remains the most robust and explains the maintenance of TSD in short-lived vertebrates, where sex ratios correlate with seasonal temperatures within years that confer sex-specific fitness (colder springs produce females who grow larger and gain in fecundity, whereas warmer summers produce males who mature at smaller size). Yet, evidence of fitness differentials correlated with incubation temperature is scarce for long-lived taxa. Here, it is proposed that the Charnov-Bull’77 model applies similarly to long-lived taxa, but at a longer temporal scale, by revisiting ecological and genetic data from the long-lived turtle <i>Podocnemis expansa</i>. After ruling out multiple alternatives, it is hypothesized that warmer-drier years overproduce females and correlate with optimal resource availability in the flood plains, benefitting daughters more than sons, whereas resources are scarcer (due to reduced flowering/fruiting) during colder-rainier years that overproduce males, whose fitness is less impacted by slower growth rates. New technical advances and collaborative interdisciplinary efforts are delineated that should facilitate testing this hypothesis directly, illuminating the understanding of TSD evolution in <i>P. expansa</i> and other long-lived TSD reptiles.
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Sapilewski, G., P. Worden und M. Bye. „Differential accelerometer testing“. Classical and Quantum Gravity 13, Nr. 11A (01.11.1996): A165—A169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/13/11a/023.
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Cheary, R. W., und A. Coelho. „A fundamental parameters approach to X-ray line-profile fitting“. Journal of Applied Crystallography 25, Nr. 2 (01.04.1992): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889891010804.
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A convolution approach to X-ray powder line-profile fitting is developed in which the line shape is synthesized from the Cu Kα emission profile, the dimensions of the diffractometer and the physical variables of the specimen. In addition to the integrated intensities and 2θ positions of the line profiles, the parameters that may be fitted include the receiving-slit width, the receiving-slit length, the X-ray-source size, the angle of divergence of the incident beam, the X-ray attenuation coefficient of the specimen and the crystallite size. This is a self-consistent approach to fitting as the instrumental parameters are usually known by direct measurement. To minimize correlation between refined instrumental parameters, profiles at high and low 2θ values should be fitted simultaneously. The Cu Kα emission profile used in this work is based on recent monolithic double-crystal spectrometer measurements that have identified a doublet structure in both the Kα 1 and Kα 2 components. Fast and accurate convolution procedures have been developed and a mixture of multilinear regression and Gauss–Newton non-linear least squares with numerical differentials is used for fitting the profiles. The method is evaluated by fitting powder diffraction data from well crystallized specimens of MgO and Y3Al5O12 (YAG). Testing has also been carried out by examining the changes in the fitted values after altering various instrumental parameters (e.g. receiving-slit width, detector defocus, receiving-slit length and inclusion of a monochromator).