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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Testing alloys“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 13. Februar 2022

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1

Berka, J., D. Marušáková und J. Kalivodová. „High temperature alloys stability testing in impure helium“. Koroze a ochrana materialu 62, Nr. 1 (01.02.2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kom-2018-0004.

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Abstract Within the national and international research program of materials for advanced nuclear reactors Czech organizations contributed with several tests of metallic alloys. The specimens of the alloys were first exposed in the long term (up to 1500 hours) in simulated advanced gas cooled reactor coolant environment at 750-900 °C. After exposure the degradation of tested materials was explored, especially changes in material microstructure, corrosion damage and corrosion layer composition and in some cases also changes in mechanical properties were observed. In this paper selected results of exposure tests in high temperature helium of alloy 800 H, austenitic steel 316L and high-temperature nickel alloys are presented.

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2

Kovalchick, C., und W. N. Sharpe. „MICROSAMPLE TENSILE TESTING OF PLATINUM ALLOYS“. Experimental Techniques 30, Nr. 5 (September 2006): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2006.00084.x.

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3

BRAUN, R. „Exfoliation corrosion testing of aluminium alloys“. British Corrosion Journal 30, Nr. 3 (Januar 1995): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bcj.1995.30.3.203.

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4

Badisch, E., M. Kirchgaßner und F. Franek. „Continuous impact/abrasion testing: Influence of testing parameters on wear behaviour“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 223, Nr. 5 (18.03.2009): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/13506501jet535.

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In many fields of industry, erosion is the dominant wear mechanism that reduces the lifetime of costly machine parts such as crushers, hammer bars, or cutting edges. Particles of specific mechanical and geometrical properties hit the surface with a certain energy and, under different angles of impact, cause abrasion and surface fatigue, or, in the case of high single particle impact energy, immediate damage by exceeding the rupture strength. Different types of wearfacing alloy layers applied through welding are used to protect exposed surfaces. The structure of state-of-the-art welding alloys is always based on multi-phase systems containing effective hard phases based mainly on borides and carbides of W, Cr, Nb, and others. Within this work the so-called continuous impact abrasion test was established to compare different wearfacing alloys as described above and to develop a relation between parameters of the tribological system and properties of multi-phase materials. In the first step, morphology, energy, and size of the abrasive particles were varied and applied onto two different Fe-based wearfacing alloys. Observations on the phenomena of wear on the test samples accompanied by a quantitative evaluation of volumetric wear loss finally resulted in defining a model that enables a prognosis oriented consideration of wear. It was found within this study that wear phenomena in the microstructure have to be clearly differentiated according to the total energy applied and the impact energy of a single particle.

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5

Chen, Mien-Chung, Ming-Che Wen, Yang-Chun Chiu, Tse-An Pan, Yu-Chih Tzeng und Sheng-Long Lee. „Effect of Natural Aging on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of A201-T7 Aluminum Alloy“. Materials 13, Nr. 24 (10.12.2020): 5631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245631.

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The effect of natural aging on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of A201-T7 alloy was investigated by the slow strain rate testing (SSRT), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), conductivity, and polarization testing. The results indicated that natural aging could significantly improve the resistance of the alloys to SCC. The ductility loss rate of the unaged alloy was 28%, while the rates for the 24 h and 96 h aged alloys were both 5%. The conductivity of the as-quenched alloy was 30.54 (%IACS), and the conductivity of the 24 h and 96 h aged alloys were decreased to 28.85 and 28.65. After T7 tempering, the conductivity of the unaged, 24 h, and 96 h aged alloys were increased to 32.54 (%IACS), 32.52 and 32.45. Besides, the enthalpy change of the 24 h and 96 h aged alloys increased by 36% and 37% compared to the unaged alloy. The clustering of the solute atoms would evidently be enhanced with the increasing time of natural aging. Natural aging after quenching is essential to improve the alloy’s resistance to SCC. It might be due to the prevention of the formation of the precipitation free zone (PFZ) after T7 tempering.

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6

Klotz, Ulrich E., Tiziana Heiss und Teresa Fryé. „Wear Resistance of Platinum and Gold Alloys: A Comparative Study : Platinum jewellery items outlast gold“. Johnson Matthey Technology Review 65, Nr. 3 (01.07.2021): 480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/205651321x16189971801978.

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A series of iterative wear and corrosion tests were conducted on two 950 platinum alloys, two 585 white gold alloys and two 750 white gold alloys. Testing followed standardised industrial procedures in order to provide comparable and reproducible conditions. Wear testing comprised a sequence including abrasion testing, corrosion testing and polish testing. Mass loss was recorded after each test cycle. Five complete test cycles were followed by two long-term polish tests. The total testing time was ca. 250 h. A pronounced difference in the mass and volume loss between the platinum and the gold alloys was observed. The absolute volume loss per surface area of the platinum alloys was a factor of two to three times lower than that of the gold alloys. The highest volume loss was observed for 750AuPd, followed by 585AuPd, 585AuNi and 750AuNi with the latter three showing similar wear behaviours. The mass loss increased linearly with testing time. No measurable mass loss was observed by corrosion testing in our limited duration test cycle and the only alloy exhibiting significant corrosion was 585AuNi. Hardness of the alloys was determined by Vickers microhardness testing at a 100 g load. Notably, higher hardness levels were not found to be an indicator for low mass or volume loss.

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7

Pike, Lee M., und S. K. Srivastava. „Oxidation Behavior of Wrought Gamma-Prime Strengthened Alloys“. Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.661.

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Oxidation testing of four gamma-prime (γ') strengthened alloys used extensively in aero and/or land-based gas turbine engines was performed. The studied alloys, which included R-41 alloy, Waspaloy alloy, 263 alloy and the new HAYNES® 282® alloy were selected because they belong to a family of alloys distinguished by their possession of sufficient fabricability to be produced in sheet or plate form. The test program included both static and dynamic oxidation testing. The static oxidation tests were performed in flowing air at temperatures of 871, 927 and 982°C (1600, 1700, and 1800°F). The dynamic (burner rig) oxidation tests were performed at 871°C (1600°F). The results of these test programs will be presented.

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8

Levorová, J., J. Dušková, M. Drahoš, R. Vrbová, J. Kubásek, D. Vojtěch, M. Bartoš, L. Dugová, D. Ulmann und R. Foltán. „Biodegradability of Metal Alloys: in vivo Testing“. Česká stomatologie/Praktické zubní lékařství 117, Nr. 4 (01.12.2017): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51479/cspzl.2017.014.

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9

Cornejo, Marina, Thomas Hentschel, Diana Koschel, Christiane Matthies, Lionel Peguet, Marcel Rosefort, Christian Schnatterer, Elizabeth Szala und Daniela Zander. „Intergranular corrosion testing of 6000 aluminum alloys“. Materials and Corrosion 69, Nr. 5 (10.11.2017): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201709813.

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10

Bender, S., J. Goellner, A. Heyn und E. Boese. „Corrosion and corrosion testing of magnesium alloys“. Materials and Corrosion 58, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2007): 977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.200704091.

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11

Petersen, DR, RE Link, R. Völkl, D. Freund und B. Fischer. „Economical Creep Testing of Ultrahigh-temperature Alloys“. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 31, Nr. 1 (2003): 10820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte12351j.

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12

Affolter, Christian, Ulrich Müller, Christian Leinenbach und Bernhard Weisse. „Compressive Testing of Ductile High-Strength Alloys“. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 43, Nr. 6 (11.06.2015): 20140301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20140301.

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13

Völkl, R., und B. Fischer. „Mechanical testing of ultra-high temperature alloys“. Experimental Mechanics 44, Nr. 2 (April 2004): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02428171.

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14

Rebak, Raul B., S. Daniel Day, Tiangan Lian, Phillip D. Hailey und Joseph C. Farmer. „Environmental Testing of Iron-Based Amorphous Alloys“. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 39, Nr. 2 (15.01.2008): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9460-7.

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15

Levorová, J., J. Dušková, M. Drahoš, R. Vrbová, J. Kubásek, D. Vojtěch, M. Bartoš, L. Dugová, D. Ulmann und R. Foltán. „Biodegradability of Metal Alloys: in vivo Testing“. Česká stomatologie/Praktické zubní lékařství 117, Nr. 4 (01.12.2017): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51479/cspzl.2017.014.

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16

Ardelean, Lavinia, Lucien Reclaru, Cristina Bortun und Laura Cristina Rusu. „Joint Quality Assessment of Three Different Laser Welded Dental Alloys“. Solid State Phenomena 216 (August 2014): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.216.63.

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The aim of this study is to assess the quality of laser welded joints, by different methods such as: scanning electronic microscopy, metallography, microhardness testing, spectrographic and radiographic analyses. The alloys assessed are a titanium-based alloy used in manufacturing prefabricated pieces for implantology, a standard AuPd alloy for the metallo-ceramic technique and a Cr-Co-Mo alloy used for manufacturing the metallic components of partial dentures. The conclusion of the testing is that laser welded joints are generally mechanically satisfactory. Laser is best suitable to weld titanium and its alloys because they have higher rates of laser beam absorption and lower thermal conductivity than other dental casting alloys.

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17

Palmer, M. A., P. E. Redmond und R. W. Messler,. „Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing and Analysis of Solder Alloys“. Journal of Electronic Packaging 122, Nr. 1 (03.09.1999): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483131.

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Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) is one of the most common causes of failure in solder joints. TMF occurs due to the introduction of stresses arising from thermal expansion mismatch during thermal cycling caused by either internal heating from power dissipation, the external environment, or both. Due to its complicated nature including partial compliance of joints, evolution of microstructure, and multiple deformation mechanisms, testing a material’s resistance to TMF is not straightforward. A method developed at Rensselaer, based on an apparatus designed at North Carolina State University, allows the direct measurement of each stress-strain cycle during thermal cycling. Through further analysis, using spreadsheet macros, it is possible to consider the energy absorbed by the joint on a per cycle basis. The interpretation of such data as well as the cumulative energy absorption can provide insight into the failure process. The behavior of three alloys, eutectic Sn–Bi, Sn–Pb, and Sn–Ag, will be presented. These data will be compared with that generated by other methods. A comparison of the behavior of these alloys, as well as the apparatus design, test method, interpretation, and possible enhancements is discussed. [S1043-7398(00)01201-9]

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18

Tsybriy, I. K., I. L. Vialikov und V. I. Ignatenko. „Data measurement system for non-destructive quality testing of hard alloys“. Vestnik of Don State Technical University 18, Nr. 4 (09.01.2019): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/1992-5980-2018-18-4-421-425.

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Introduction. It is known that the quality of products from sintered hardmetals, if the fabrication technique is not violated, is determined by the phase composition and an average grain size of the carbide phase. However, hard alloys have a disadvantage inherent in all products of powder metallurgy - the inhomogeneity of the structure and the corresponding variation of properties. Traditional methods of monitoring the structure and phase composition according to the results of selective destructive tests prevent from receiving quality data under the production conditions and do not guarantee the identity of the properties of all batch products under study. The major method of non-destructive quality control of hard alloys is coercimetry, but domestic coercimeters are currently not produced. In this regard, the work objective is to create a domestic data measurement system for non-destructive quality testing of hard alloys and an assessment of the reliability of the results obtained with its help.Materials and Methods. Cylindrical and spherangular rods with the diameter of 4 to 10 mm, made of alloys of VK8 and VK10HOM grades, were used in the work. The method of comparison with a certified product was used to determine the coercitive force in the data measuring system.Research Results. The coercive force of two batches of products from hard alloys of VK10HOM and VK8 grades was measured using the developed data measuring system and KOERZIMAT 1.097 HcJ coersimeter.Discussion and Conclusions. The experimental studies show that the values of the coercitive force of the samples obtained on different equipment have approximately the same level. The inhomogeneity of the structure characteristic of sintered hardmetals being a fabrication technique effect is confirmed. Providing that the relative error of measuring the coercitive force for each sample should be within ± 6%, the results obtained can be considered satisfactory. It is shown that the measurement algorithm proposed and implemented in the data measurement system through comparing the characteristics of the tested and certified samples with the known coercitive force, allows the manufacturer of hard alloy products to expand the sample of inspected products up to 100%, and to significantly reduce the costs for non-destructive testing of products.

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19

Kalienko, M., A. Volkov, M. Leder und A. Zhelnina. „Study of oxygen content in titanium alloys after exposure at elevated temperature“. MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 11068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032111068.

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Isothermal oxidation testing of near α titanium alloys VT18U, VT20, Ti6Al7Nb and Ti6242S was performed in air at 560 °С for 1000 hours. Parameters of diffusion layer on the alloy surfaces were studied by microhardness indentations, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and nuclear microanalysis. It was established that concentration of oxygen in diffusion layer of tested alloys after oxidation differs significantly. An approach was demonstrated and validated by nuclear microanalysis data that allows comparative evaluation of the total concentration of interstitial impurities in the diffusion layer by the X-ray diffraction method.

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20

Peng, Jian, Fu Sheng Pan, Ming Zhou und Pei Dao Ding. „Effects of Homogenization on the Formability of ZM21 Alloy“. Materials Science Forum 546-549 (Mai 2007): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.355.

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The effects of homogenization on the formability for hot deformation of ZM21 wrought magnesium alloys was investigated. The alloys were produced by semi-continuous casting. Experiments including homogenizing annealing, micro-hardness testing and hot compress testing on Gleeble 1500D thermal simulator were carried out. The suggested homogenization parameters from the experimental results for ZM21 alloy is 400C×12h.

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21

Juarez, Joseph M., Polina Snugovsky, Eva Kosiba, Zohreh Bagheri, Subramaniam Suthakaran, Michael Robinson, Joel Heebink, Jeffrey Kennedy und Marianne Romansky. „Manufacturability and Reliability Screening of Lower Melting Point, Pb-Free Alloys Containing Bismuth“. Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 12, Nr. 1 (01.01.2015): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.441.

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This paper explores the manufacturability and reliability of three Pb-free Bi-containing alloys in comparison with conventional SAC305 and SnPb assemblies. The first alloy included in the study is a Sn-based alloy with 3.4%Ag and 4.8%Bi, which showed promising results in the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences and German Joint projects. The other two alloy variations have reduced Ag content, with and without Cu. BGA and leaded components were assembled on medium-complexity test vehicles using these alloys, as well as SAC305 and SnPb as baseline alloys, for comparison. Test vehicles were manufactured using two board materials, 170°C glass transition temperature (Tg) and 155°C Tg, with three surface finishes: ENIG, ENEPIG, and OSP. The accelerated temperature cycling (ATC) testing was done at −55°C to 125°C with 30-min dwells and 10°C/min ramps, for 3,000 cycles. Detailed microstructure examination before and after ATC testing is described, as is failure analysis. All three experimental alloys showed excellent performance in harsh-environment thermal cycling. Vibration testing at two G-force test conditions with resistance failure monitoring was performed on the daisy-chained components. A detailed description of the technique for the vibration testing using 2 G and 5 G harmonic dwells is provided. The lowest failure rate found at both the 2 G and 5 G levels was for the Cu-containing alloy known as Violet. These results provide data for further statistical analysis leading to the choice of proper combinations of the solder alloys, board materials, and surface finishes for high-reliability applications.

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22

Nagy, András, und Imre Némedi. „Development of Magnetic Material Testing Equipment“. Acta Materialia Transylvanica 3, Nr. 1 (01.04.2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33924/amt-2020-01-06.

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AbstractThis paper deals with the development of equipment that can accurately determine the magnetic properties of small volume thin plate samples. The alloys to be tested are sheets of amorphous structure, such as Finemet alloy, which has excellent high frequency magnetic properties, making it a good candidate for the construction of high efficiency electric motors. This article discusses the components and operation of the equipment under development, whilst giving a brief overview of the efficiency classification of electric motors and the importance of the emerging efficiency class.

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23

OGATA, Toshio, und Tetsumi YURI. „Fatigue Testing of Structural Alloys Using a Refrigerator.“ TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 35, Nr. 12 (2000): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.35.562.

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24

Sahu, M. D. „Stess Corrosion Testing of Al-Zn-Mg Alloys“. Key Engineering Materials 20-28 (Januar 1991): 2051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.20-28.2051.

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25

Ohtani, S., und H. Inagaki. „Texture development in Al alloys during tensile testing“. Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 94, Nr. 9 (September 2003): 983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.030983.

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26

Shield, T. W. „Magnetomechanical testing machine for ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys“. Review of Scientific Instruments 74, Nr. 9 (September 2003): 4077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1599072.

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27

Dogan, B., und K. H. Schwalbe. „Fracture toughness testing of TiAl base intermetallic alloys“. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 56, Nr. 2 (Januar 1997): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(96)00114-2.

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28

Tuck, C. O. S. „‘New methods for corrosion testing of aluminum alloys’“. British Corrosion Journal 27, Nr. 3 (Januar 1992): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705992798268567.

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29

Petersen, DR, RE Link, H. Shi, AJ McLaren, CM Sellars, R. Shahani und R. Bolingbroke. „Hot Plane Strain Compression Testing of Aluminum Alloys“. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 25, Nr. 1 (1997): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte11326j.

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30

Rybachuk, V. H. „A coercimeter for nondestructive testing of hard alloys“. Materials Science 45, Nr. 3 (Mai 2009): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-009-9197-0.

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31

Sheldon, G. P., und N. W. Polan. „Field testing of power utility condenser tube alloys“. Journal of Materials for Energy Systems 6, Nr. 4 (März 1985): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02833521.

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32

Parker, Mary E., und Robert G. Kelly. „Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Testing for Aluminum Alloys, Part II: Developing Improved Testing Protocol“. CORROSION 76, Nr. 1 (14.11.2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3335.

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A modified version of ASTM G85-A2 was developed in this work with the intention of targeting a relative humidity (RH) of 75% during the dwell period. The outcome was two different RH profiles, one that averaged 74% RH during the dwell period and another that averaged 61.5% RH during the dwell period. Both tests produced moderate exfoliation in AA2060-T3 after just 12 days of exposure. Other high-strength aluminum alloys (AA7075, AA2024) were exposed to the modified RH profiles, and both tests could correctly differentiate exfoliation resistance for these alloys. An average RH between 74% and 61.5% during the dwell period was found to produce consistent exfoliation ratings after a short exposure time. Electrochemical measurements made during salt spray testing were used to propose electrochemical mechanisms that occur during wetting and drying in atmospheric corrosion testing.

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Maletta, Carmine, Luigino Filice und Franco Furgiuele. „NiTi Belleville washers: Design, manufacturing and testing“. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24, Nr. 6 (06.05.2012): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12444490.

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The thermomechanical properties of nickel–titanium-based Belleville washers have been analyzed in this investigation, together with their unusual mechanical and functional features, which can be attributed to the reversible phase transformation mechanisms of nickel–titanium alloys. In particular, numerical simulations have been carried out for a preliminary design of the Belleville washer, using a commercial finite element software and a special constitutive model for shape memory alloys. Subsequently, Belleville washers have been manufactured from a commercial pseudoelastic nickel–titanium alloy, by disk cutting and a successive shape setting by a thermomechanical treatment. Finally, the thermomechanical response of the washers, in terms of isothermal force–deflection curve and thermal cycles between phase transition temperatures, has been experimentally analyzed. The results highlighted a marked effect of the temperature on the characteristic curve, as well as good recovery capabilities under both mechanical and thermal cycles. In addition, nickel–titanium Belleville washers exhibit a marked hysteretic behavior, as a consequence of the hysteresis in the stress–strain response of the alloy. Thanks to these features, nickel–titanium Belleville washers can be used as smart elastic elements, that is, with tunable stiffness and damping properties, as well as solid-state actuators, due to their recovery capabilities.

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Affolter, Christian, Götz Thorwarth, Ariyan Arabi-Hashemi, Ulrich Müller und Bernhard Weisse. „Ductile Compressive Behavior of Biomedical Alloys“. Metals 10, Nr. 1 (29.12.2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010060.

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The mechanical properties of ductile metals are generally assessed by means of tensile testing. Compression testing of metal alloys is usually only applied for brittle materials, or if the available specimen size is limited (e.g., in micro indentation). In the present study a previously developed test procedure for compressive testing was applied to determine the elastic properties and the yield curves of different biomedical alloys, such as 316L (two different batches), Ti-6Al-7Nb, and Co-28Cr-6Mo. The results were compared and validated against data from tensile testing. The converted flow curves for true stress vs. logarithmic strain of the compressive samples coincided well up to the yield strength of the tensile samples. The developed compression test method was shown to be reliable and valid, and it can be applied in cases where only small material batches are available, e.g., from additive manufacturing. Nevertheless, a certain yield asymmetry was observed with one of the tested 316L stainless steel alloys and the Co-28Cr-6Mo. Possible hypotheses and explanations for this yield asymmetry are given in the discussion section.

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Cieśla, M., G. Junak und A. Marek. „Fatigue Characteristics of Selected Light Metal Alloys“. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0051.

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The paper addresses results of fatigue testing of light metal alloys used in the automotive as well as aerospace and aviation industries, among others. The material subject to testing comprised hot-worked rods made of the AZ31 alloy, the Ti-6Al-4V two-phase titanium alloy and the 2017A (T451) aluminium alloy. Both low- and high-cycle fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature on the cycle asymmetry ratio of R=-1. The low-cycle fatigue tests were performed using the MTS-810 machine on two levels of total strain, i.e.Δεc= 1.0% and 1.2%. The high-cycle fatigue tests, on the other hand, were performed using a machine from VEB Werkstoffprufmaschinen-Leipzig under conditions of rotary bending. Based on the results thus obtained, one could develop fatigue life characteristics of the materials examined (expressed as the number of cycles until failure of sample Nf) as well as characteristics of cyclic material strain σa=f(N) under the conditions of low-cycle fatigue testing. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was found to be characterised by the highest value of fatigue life Nf, both in lowand high-cycle tests. The lowest fatigue life, on the other hand, was established for the aluminium alloys examined. Under the high-cycle fatigue tests, the life of the 2017A aluminium and the AZ31 magnesium alloy studied was determined by the value of stress amplitude σa. With the stress exceeding 150 MPa, it was the aluminium alloy which displayed higher fatigue life, whereas the magnesium alloy proved better on lower stress.

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Huerta, E., A. I. Oliva, F. Avilés, J. González-Hernández und J. E. Corona. „Elastic Modulus Determination of Al-Cu Film Alloys Prepared by Thermal Diffusion“. Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/895131.

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Elastic moduli of 50–250 nm thick Al-50 at % Cu film alloys deposited by thermal evaporation on Kapton substrates and postformed by thermal diffusion are investigated. Formation of the Al2Cu alloy phase was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surface morphology was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after tensile mechanical testing. Force-strain curves of the Al-Cu alloy were obtained by subtracting the effect of the force-strain Kapton curves from the corresponding curves of the Al-Cu/Kapton system. A reduction in the elastic modulus of the Al-Cu alloys from 106.1 to 77.8 GPa with the increase of alloy thickness was obtained. Measured elastic moduli were between the reported bulk modulus for Al and Cu. Reductions in the surface roughness and increments in the grain size were measured after tensile testing of the Al-Cu alloys.

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Fowler, Lee, Nomsombuluko Masia, Lesley A. Cornish, Lesley H. Chown, Håkan Engqvist, Susanne Norgren und Caroline Öhman-Mägi. „Development of Antibacterial Ti-Cux Alloys for Dental Applications: Effects of Ageing for Alloys with Up to 10 wt% Cu“. Materials 12, Nr. 23 (03.12.2019): 4017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12234017.

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Peri-implantitis, a disease caused by bacteria, affects dental implants in patients. It is widely treated with antibiotics, however, with growing antibiotic resistance new strategies are required. Titanium-copper alloys are prospective antibacterial biomaterials, with the potential to be a remedy against peri-implantitis and antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate Ti-Cux alloys, exploring how Cu content (up to 10 wt%) and ageing affect the material properties. Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, hardness testing, bacteriological culture, and electrochemical testing were employed to characterize the materials. It was found that alloys with above 3 wt% Cu had two phases and ageing increased the volume fraction of Ti2Cu. An un-aged alloy of 5 wt% Cu showed what could be Ti3Cu, in addition to the α-Ti phase. The hardness gradually increased with increased Cu additions, while ageing only affected the alloy with 10 wt% Cu (due to changes in microstructure). Ageing resulted in faster passivation of the alloys. After two hours the aged 10 wt% Cu alloy was the only material with an antibacterial effect, while after six hours, bacteria killing occurred in all alloys with above 5 wt% Cu. In conclusion, it was possible to tune the material and antibacterial properties of Ti-Cux alloys by changing the Cu concentration and ageing, which makes further optimization towards an antibacterial material promising.

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Palousek, David, Martin Kocica, Libor Pantelejev, Lenka Klakurkova, Ladislav Celko, Daniel Koutny und Jozef Kaiser. „SLM process parameters development of Cu-alloy Cu7.2Ni1.8Si1Cr“. Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, Nr. 2 (04.03.2019): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2017-0116.

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Purpose Materials with a high thermal conductivity, such as Cu-alloys hold the most interest to the plastic moulding industry. Additive manufacturing (AM), especially selective laser melting (SLM) of metals, allows the production of parts with complicated internal cooling and increased production efficiency. The portfolio of alloys for metal AM is limited and still missing process parameters for the processing of copper alloys. This paper aims to preview the process parameters of high-strength alloy Cu7.2Ni1.8Si1Cr processed by SLM. Design/methodology/approach An experimental approach is adopted to investigate porosity and mechanical properties of SLM specimens and its comparison with standard material AMPCOLOY 944. Optimization of porosity was performed using line and cube specimens; mechanical properties and microstructure were evaluated by tensile testing and metallography. Findings Optimum processing parameters for fabrication of Cu-alloy specimens with a relative density of 99.95 per cent were identified, and no cracks were detected. Mechanical testing of SLM specimens showed the ultimate tensile strength, proof stress of 0.2 and elongation of 380, 545 MPa and 16.9 per cent. The alloy is suitable for laser AM, thanks to its processability at a relatively high laser scanning speeds and thus its promising price of part/costs ratio. Research limitations/implications The paper describes the initial state of research – the follow-up tests focussed on mechanical testing, fatigue and statistical evaluation need to be conducted. The process parameters are developed only for bulk geometry – optimal setup for lattice structures and thin walls has not been explored yet. Practical implications The research findings in this work could be used for production of 3D printed parts and after the tuning of additional parameters, e.g. for up- and down-skin zones, could be used for special application such as energy exchange. Originality/value This work produces the processing of new material suitable for laser AM. Cu7.2Ni1.8Si1Cr alloy could be the prospective material from the group of Cu alloys suitable for moulds manufacturing and thermal applications.

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Walsh, D. W., und D. B. Gibbs. „Weldability Study of Aluminum Alloys Using Weld Simulation and Complimentary Variable Restraint Testing“. Materials Science Forum 638-642 (Januar 2010): 3799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3799.

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Aluminum alloys containing lithium are attractive to the aerospace industry. The high specific strength and stiffness of these alloys improves lift efficiency, fuel economy and performance and increases payload capability. The objective of this study was to compare the fabricability of six different aluminum base alloys. Three were Li containing alloys, two variants of AL 2195 (Al-4Cu-1Li) and a lithium enhanced analog of AL 5083 (Al-4Mg-2Li). Three were materials in common usage, Al 2219, Al 2014 and Al 5083. Fabricability was assessed using Gleeble thermomechanical testing, Varestraint testing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results indicate that Alloy 2195 is more susceptible to hot cracking than both Al 2219 and Al 2014. Cracking sensitivity is a strong function of chemical composition within specification ranges for Al 2195. Results also indicate that the lithium containing analog of Al 5083 is more hot crack susceptible than its parent material. Fabricability was correlated to material microstructure using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. Hot cracking in all materials was associated with persistent, continuous liquid films produced by weld thermal cycling, aggravated by base material structure. Measures of several characteristic temperatures using the Gleeble simulator were fully consistent with Varestraint results. The maximum crack length in the Varestraint test correlates well to the liquidus temperature for the alloy less the nil ductility temperature. The temperature difference is equivalent to the thermal gradient associated with welding times the maximum crack length.

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Fabrègue, Damien, Alexis Deschamps, Michel Suéry und Warren J. Poole. „Mechanical Behaviour in the Mushy State during Isothermal Tensile Testing“. Materials Science Forum 519-521 (Juli 2006): 1877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1877.

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In order to improve the understanding of hot tearing during laser welding of aluminium alloys, the rheology of the alloys in the mushy state must be characterized. The present work investigates the mechanical behaviour of the aerospace alloy AA6056 using a specially designed isothermal tensile test in the mushy state. Using a Gleeble thermo-mechanical machine, two different tests have been performed: i) tests during partial remelting and ii) tests after partial solidification at a high cooling rate. These tests have been carried out not only on the 6056 alloy but also on a mix between 6056 and 4047 Al-Si alloy which corresponds to the composition of the nugget of a laser using a filler wire. The increase of the solid fraction results in an increase of the maximum stress and a change on the fracture surface from a smooth dendritic to a more ductile one. Moreover, the alloys exhibit a typical visco plastic behaviour with an increase of the maximal stress with the strain rate. When the test is performed at a particular solid fraction of 0.97, the fracture is more erratic and the ductility is low. The results show the existence of a ductile/brittle/ductile transition with the fraction of solid. The fracture stress is shown to be higher when testing after partial remelting as compared to partial solidification for the same solid fraction. This is due to the difference in microstructure of the mushy zone and more particularly in the connectivity of the solid skeleton. An adapted creep law is used to describe the mechanical behaviour of alloys during the partial remelting test using the fraction of grain boundary wetted by the liquid given by Wray. This law is shown to be irrelevant to the partial solidification tests, as a result of the modified geometry of the liquid phase. From these tests, we have determined a new law relating the solid fraction to the fraction of grain boundaries wetted by the liquid. This law is a useful tool to predict the mechanical behaviour when mechanical loading occurs during solidification.

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MATHIS, Aude, Thierry MILLOT, Vincent BRANGER, Remy MULLER und Jean-Yves GUENEHEUX. „Tribological functionalization of titanium alloys by Micro-Arc Oxidation for marine applications“. MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032109001.

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Micro-arc Oxidation (MAO) process is a plasma assisted electrochemical process, which allows formation of ceramic-like dry oxides on top of light alloys surfaces. The good corrosion resistance as well as the low density of titanium alloys are recognized and so required for conception of structural parts in marine environment. However, their tribological behaviour reveals an important tendency to stick-slip phenomenon, which makes use of these alloys for dynamic contact mechanisms difficult. Through the MAO project from IRT M2P, formation of a MAO coating composed of aluminium titanate has been investigated to improve tribological behaviour of a commercially pure titanium (Grade 2) and an α+β alloy (TA6V, Grade 5). Pin-on-disc testing has been carried out to evaluate friction coefficient and the presence or not of stick-slip phenomenon in various contact configurations (involving non-treated titanium surfaces, MAO treated surfaces, with steel or titanium balls …) in dry or artificial seawater media. Those test campaigns are completed by evaluation of fatigue behaviour, and tribological testing on a demonstrator. Finally, this study highlights influence of MAO coating on diminishing (to removed) stick-slip phenomenon, accompanied by a reduction of friction coefficient, whatever the kind of contact (single treated surface or both ones) and the medium.

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Parker, Mary E., und Robert G. Kelly. „Improved Accelerated Testing for Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of High-Strength Aluminum Alloys“. Materials Science Forum 794-796 (Juni 2014): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.223.

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Several accelerated tests for high-strength aluminum alloys, such as ASTM G34, ASTM G85 Annex 2, and ASTM G110 can produce significantly different results in third generation aluminum lithium (Al-Li) alloys. In this study, the reason for this inconsistency is investigated by comparing the electrochemical kinetics for AA2060 to those of AA2090 as well as legacy alloy AA7075-T6, and by comparing the performance of AA2060 in ASTM G110 and ASTM G85. The corrosion potential of AA2060 was found to be higher than that of AA7075-T6 and AA2060-T8E41. Also, it was found that although ASTM G110 does not produce exfoliation in AA 2060-T3 as in ASTM G85, the type of attack observed in cross-section is very similar in both tests.

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Li, Hui, Shao Jun Shi, Xuan Wang, Yong Zhu, Ning Yu und You Jian Wang. „Determination of Gold in Gold Jewelry Alloys by a Synthesis Method“. Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (Juli 2015): 1350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1350.

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Nondestructive determination of Au in gold ornaments mainly takes density method and X ray fluorescence spectrometer with energy dispersion (EDXRF), which exists disadvantages. This paper based on the principle of crystallography, deduced the mathematical relationship between the crystallographic parameters, the density and the impurities content in gold jewelry alloys, then introduced the results by density testing and determination of Ag and Cu by EDXRF into the mathematical relationship, and obtained the gold weight percent in gold jewelry alloys. The results show that obtained the gold weight percent and determination of Au by fire assay are almost consistent, which the error is less than 0.12 %, so establishes a synthesis method of determination of Au by EDXRF and density testing, solves the disadvantages which EDXRF only detects on gold jewelry surface and small area, and density testing cannot detect gold jewelry alloy and demands that jewelry shape is simple, and provides an effective synthesis way for determination of Au in gold jewelry alloys.

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Medvedev, I. M., Ya Yu Nikitin, A. I. Puzanov und A. B. Laptev. „HOT CORROSION TESTING METHODS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS (review)“. Proceedings of VIAM, Nr. 11 (2018): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-11-93-100.

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Chung, H. M., B. A. Loomis und D. L. Smith. „Development and testing of vanadium alloys for fusion applications“. Journal of Nuclear Materials 239 (Dezember 1996): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(96)00676-9.

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Waldmeier, Michael D., Joseph E. Grasso, George J. Norberg und Michael D. Nowak. „Bend testing of wrought wire removable partial denture alloys“. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 76, Nr. 5 (November 1996): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(96)90019-0.

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Mao, Keyou, Gussev Maxim, Caleb Massey, Kinga Unocic, Philip Edmondson und Kevin Field. „In-situ Micromechanical Testing of Neutron Irradiated FeCrAl Alloys“. Microscopy and Microanalysis 26, S2 (30.07.2020): 646–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927620015391.

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Grabke, H. J., und J. E. Guthrie. „Points to be considered in carburization testing of alloys“. Materials and Corrosion 49, Nr. 4 (April 1998): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4176(199804)49:4<278::aid-maco278>3.0.co;2-m.

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Lin, L., Y. W. Shi, J. Chen, X. M. Li und G. P. Guo. „Ultrasonic testing of the diffusion bonding of titanium alloys“. Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 48, Nr. 7 (Juli 2006): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2006.48.7.415.

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Mayer, Lipowsky, Papakyriacou, Rösch, Stich und Stanzl-Tschegg. „Application of ultrasound for fatigue testing of lightweight alloys“. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 22, Nr. 7 (Juli 1999): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.1999.00205.x.

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