Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Terrorism – New York (State)“
Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: Terrorism – New York (State).
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Zeitschriftenartikel für die Forschung zum Thema "Terrorism – New York (State)" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Zeitschriftenartikel für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Okoro, O. Ike, und Nduka Lucas Oluka. „Weapons of Mass Destruction and Modern Terrorism: Implications for Global Security“. Asian Social Science 15, Nr. 3 (28.02.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n3p1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The hazard of biological, chemical and nuclear materials, regarded as Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), intercalating the arsenal of terrorists is the biggest crime and challenge against humanity. Every such crime and challenge ought to be named appropriately; and state actors experiencing such owe it to their citizens to act speedily and with certainty against terrorists. Even with the on-going war on terrorism, there has been a surge in terrorist activities in some parts of the world. Terrorists in our contemporary age have also embraced startling trends in their operational mode since the 11 September 2001 fanatic attacks in New York and Washington D. C. The devastating effect of these twin attacks has raised global concern about the potential use of WMD by Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iran and Syria (ISIS), and their affiliate groups. One major issue of great concern in recent times, apart from the propensity of the terrorist organizations to acquire WMD, is the involvement of state actors that secretly acquire or claim to have acquired them for the purposes of electricity generation. Notably, too, is the trend in modern scientific and technological improvement which has increased the nature of, and access to, WMD. This research, therefore, attempts to access the implication and impact of WMD as terrorists put them to use. The study also examines the concept of terrorism and WMD. Also examined is the general implication of the use of WMD and the challenges this might pose to the international community, considering the current trends in their acquisition by some states and non-state actors. The investigation suggests appropriate counter-measures to thwart terrorists’ effort to acquire WMD. The study also adopted the qualitative approach of research to analyse the sophistication adopted by new terrorist groups particularly by the ISIS terrorist network; the al-Qaeda group and other splinter groups. Thus, historical research is most appropriate for this study, and secondary source of data was adopted as its methodology.
2
Kratcoski, Peter C., Mag Maximilian Edelbacher und Dilip K. Das. „Terrorist Victimization: Prevention, Control and Recovery“. International Review of Victimology 8, Nr. 3 (September 2001): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800100800302.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
An Ancillary Meeting on the topic of ‘Terrorist Victimization: Prevention, Control, and Recovery’ was held at the United Nations Center in Vienna, Austria on Wednesday, April 12, 2000 in conjunction with the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. The Congress focused on ‘Crime and Justice: Meeting the Challenges of the 21 st Century.’ The Ancillary Meeting was sponsored by the State University of New York, Plattsburgh, USA and chaired by Dr. Dilip K. Das, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at that University. The speakers included Alex P. Schmid, Officer-in-Charge, Terrorism Prevention Branch, United Nations; George H. Millard, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Dr. Ely Karmon, Senior Research Scholar, International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, Kerzlyia, Israel; and Dr. Harvey W. Kushner, Professor and Chair, Department of Criminal Justice and Security Administration, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA. Other presentations were made by Dr. David Rapoport, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Niles Lathem, The New York Post, Washington, D.C., USA, Arvind Verma, Department of Criminal Justice, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, Dr. S. Subramanian, Raghavendra Nagar Shvrampally, Hyderabad, India, George Ballard, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA and Boaz Ganor, International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, Herzlyia, Israel. In the presentations by speakers from Europe, North America, North Africa, the Middle East, Asia and South America and in the ensuing discussions, a wide variety of issues, concerns, and prevention strategies were covered in a global framework, and also applied to situations in specific countries and continents. The papers and the sessions focused on a number of themes, including an assessment of the main contemporary trends in terrorism, the politicalization of terrorism, the effects that terrorism has on primary and secondary victims, the linkage of terrorism with organized crime, and the measures that governments, international organizations, and justice agencies can take to curtail and eradicate terrorism, including international cooperative efforts.
3
Lumbangaol, Dorpaima. „Journey of Indonesia Foreign Policy and Recommendations in Responding Global Terrorism and Radicalism“. Journal of Government and Political Issues 1, Nr. 2 (19.11.2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53341/jgpi.v1i2.18.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Terrorism is a significant issue in national and global security. Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York, USA, the fight against terrorism has continued to this day. Resistance to terrorists has also changed the stereotype of Muslims, which affects Indonesia's reputation as the largest Muslim country in the world. The Bali I bombing attacks in 2002 by Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) terrorism group reconstructed its identity as Islam Moderate and Indonesia's foreign policy. The method used is the literature study method. Literature study is all efforts made by researchers to collect various information relevant to the topic or problem that will be studied. Through the identity, Indonesia can convince the western countries that Indonesia is worth reflecting true Islam and space to involve in the international political stage. As a pioneer of the Non-Aligned Movement and track record in the region, Indonesia trusted to be a role model for the Islamic world, especially the Middle East, that Islam and democracy are compatible. Through this, Indonesia seed as a strategic country to build international cooperation against radicalism and terrorism, which still becomes a global challenge presently.
4
Márquez Roa, Ubaldo. „ACERCAMIENTO AL TERRORISMO (AN APPROACH TO TERRORISM)“. Universos Jurídicos, Nr. 18 (08.06.2022): 75–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/uj.vi18.2626.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Resumen: El presente artículo se encuentra dividido en cinco apartados que permiten que su lectura y comprensión sea mucho más amigable. Es interesante y entender que el tema del terrorismo es un tema de naturaleza dinámica y cambiante, en el artículo se estudiara los diferentes tipos de terrorismo que existe y el impacto que ha tenido en el establecimiento de los estados de seguridad pública, así como la afectación a los derechos humanos de las personas y los regímenes jurídicos en los cuales se tipifica esta figura. Abstract: This article is divides into five sections that allow its reading and understanding to be much more user-friendly. It is interesting to understand that the issue of terrorism is a dynamic and changing issue, the article will study the different types of terrorism that exist and the impact it has had on the establishment of states of publica security as well as the impact to the human rights of persons and the legal regimes in which this figure is typified. Fuentes de consulta: Arendt H. (2006) Sobre la revolución, Madrid: Alianza. Báez Corona, J. F. (2015). El realismo mágico jurídico (recreación legal de una ficción literaria con especial referencia a Latinoamérica). Justicia. (28), 15-31. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17081/just.20.28.1032 Báez, J. (2021). Tradición contra innovación en los modelos de formación jurídica universitaria en México. Revista de Derecho. (56). 137-153. https://dx.doi.org/10.14482/dere.56.340 Bakke E. (2015) Terrorism and Conterterrorism studies, comparing theory and practice, Netherlands, Leiden University Press. Bobbio N. (2004) Estado, Gobierno y Sociedad por una teoría general de la política, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica. Caillois R. (1973) La cuesta de la guerra (trad.) Rufina Bórquez, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica. Coteño Muñoz A. (2018) “Terrorismo individual los atentados perpetrados por actores solitarios” Eunomía. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, número 15 Madrid, Universidad Carlos III. Donner, F. (2007) “Fight for God- But Do So with Kindness: Reflections on War, Peace, and Communal Identity in Early Islam”. In War and Peace in the Ancient World, Oxford. Blackwell. Durham M. (2000) The Christian right, the far right and the Boundaries of American Conservatism. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Dworkin R, (2013) “Foreword”, in Extreme Speech and Democracy, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Essig, C. (2001). Terrorism: Criminal Act of Act of War? Implications for National Security in the 21st Century. Pennsylvania: US Army War College. Foucault, M. (2009) Historia de la sexualidad 1. La voluntad de saber, México, Siglo XXI. Friedman B, H., Harper J, Preble C. (2010) Terrorizing ourselves. Why U.S. Counterterrorism Policy is Failing and How to Fix It. Washington D.C. Instituto Cato. Gallego, C. (2012). El concepto de seguridad jurídica en el Estado social. Revistas jurídicas. Vol 2, Núm 9, Recuperado de http://juridicas.ucaldas.edu.co/downloads/Juridicas9(2)_6.pdf Griset, P. L., Mahan, S. (2003) Terrorism in perspective, United States of America. Sage Publications Inc. González Calleja, E. (2013). El Laboratorio del Miedo, Madrid, Crítica. Habermas J. (1998) Derechos humanos y soberanía popular. Las versiones liberal y republicana, en Rafael del Águila, Fernando Val, Madrid, Alianza Habermas J. (1994) La desobediencia civil, piedra de toque del Estado democrático de Derecho, en Ensayos políticos, Barcelona, Península. Heydar S. (2017) Islamic Peace Ethics. Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought. United States of America, Baden-Baden: NomosAschendorff Verlag. Hoffman B., Howard R. (2011) Terrorism and counterterrorism: Understandin the new security environment readings and interpretations: 4a eth, United States of America, Mcgraw-Hill. Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press. Jackson, R, et al., (2011) Terrorism. A Critical Introduction, New York, Palgrave Macmillian Jassies N. (2009) Mrinus Van Der Lubbe y el incendio del Reichstag. Trad., García Velasco C., España, Editorial Alikornio. Jellinek G (1954) Teoría Geenral de los Estados. Trad. Fernando de los Ríos. Buenos Aires, ed. Albatroz. Jenkins, B.M. (1975), "International Terrorism: A New Mode of Conflict", in Garitón D, y Schaerf C. Internactional Terrorism and World Security, Londres, Cromm Helm. Johnston, T. D. (1981). Selective costs and benefits in the evolution of learning. En J. S. Rosenblatt, R .A. Hinde, C. Beer y M. C. Busnel (Eds.). Advances of the study of behavior. New York: Academic Press Kilpatrick J (2020) Quand un état d’urgence temporarire devient permanent, le cas de la France. París, Transnational Institute. Khadduri, M. (1955) War and Peace in the Law of Islam. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press. Kyrou, A. (2012). L’imaginaire des Anonymous, des luddites à V pour Vendetta. París Folis esssays Lasoen, K. (2018). “War of Nerves: The Domestic Terror Threat and the Belgian Army”. In Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, vol. 42, no. 11. Le Goff J. (1984) La Civilisation d l’occident médiéval, París, Foils Essay. Lillich, B. R. (1985) Paris Minimum Standards of Human Rights Norms in a State of Emergency, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 79, No. 4 Locke J. (1997), Segundo tratado sobre el gobierno civil, Madrid, Alianza. Loubet Del Bayle, J. L. (1992) La Police. Approche socio-politique. Paris, Montchrestien. Luhmann, N. (2005) El derecho de la sociedad, 2a ed., México, Herder, Universidad Iberoamericana. Majoran, A. (2015). The illusion of war: Is terrorism a criminal act or an act of war? International Politics Reviews, Vol.3 Issue 1 Martin J-C, (2006) Les règles internationales relatives à la lutte contre le terrorismo. París, edición Bruylant. Nateras González M, E. (2018) Colombia Las autodefensas en Michoacán, México: ¿rescate de la ciudadanía ante la violencia? Revista Opinión Jurídica, Universidad de Medellín, Vol. 17, Núm. 33 Placido A. P., y Perkins L K. (2010) Drug Trafficking violence in México implications for the United States. Washington D.C. U.S. Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control Departmente of Justice Poczynok, I. (2019). Fuerzas armadas y contraterrorismo. Apuntes para renovar un “debate crónico” en la Argentina. Revista Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia Y Seguridad, vol. 2, Núm. 14 Poland J. (2004) Understanding Terrorism: Groups, Strategies and responses. New York. Pretince Hall. Rawls J (1999) La justificación de la desobediencia civil, en Justicia como equidad. Materiales para una teoría de la justicia, Madrid, Tecnos. Reinares, F y García-Calvo, C. (2016) Estado Islámico en España. Madrid: Real Instituto Elcano. Rivas, P., y Rey, P. (2008) Las autodefensas y el paramilitarismo en Colombia (1964-2003), Bogotá, CON Fines. Rapoport, D. (2004). “The four waves of modern terrorism”. En Audrey, C. y James, L. Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy. Washington D.C. George town University Press Rodley N. (1985) International Human Rights Law, dans Evans, M. D, International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Reitberger M (2013) “License to kill: is legitimate authority a requirement for just war? in International Theory, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 5, Issue 1. Robespierre Maximilien (2005) Por la felicidad y por la libertad, discursos. España, El viejo topo. Rousseau J. J., (2013) Discurso sobre el origen y fundamento de la desigualdad entre los hombres, Madrid, Calpe. Tinnes J. (2020) Bibliography: Defining and Conceptualizing Terrorism Compiled PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 6, The Netherlands Universiteit Leiden. recuperado de https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/perspectives-on-terrorism/archives/2020#volume-xiv-issue-6 Toboso Buezo M. (2020) Colección Segmentos de Seguridad Terrorismo y antiterrorismo. España. Institut de Seguretat Pública de Catalunya.. Saint Thomas Aquinas (2003) On law, morality and Politics, translated by Regan Richard United States of America, Hackett publishing company. Sinai, J. (2008) “How to Define Terrorism”, Perspectives on Terrorism, Journal of the Terrorism Research Initiative and the Center for Terrorism and Security Studies, The Netherlands, Universiteit Leiden, Vol. 2, No.4, recuperado de http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/33/html Skinner, B. F. (1953) Science and human behavior. New York, The Macmillan Company. United States Department of State. (2004) Patterns of Global Terrorism 2003 Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. Valadés D. (1974) La dictadura constitucional en América Latina, México, UNAM. Walther T C., Höhn A., (2020) El ejército alemán y sus graves problemas con la ultraderecha. DW noticiero recuperado de https://www.dw.com/es/el-ej%C3%A9rcito-alem%C3%A1n-y-sus-graves-problemas-con-la-ultraderecha/a-54044495 Wallace, D. (2008). Combatiendo el terrorismo bajo las leyes de la guerra. Military Review Hispan-American, Vol. 88, Issue 2 Weber M. (1986) El político y el científico. (trad) Francisco Rubio Llorente, Madrid, Alianza Editorial.
5
Schwartz, Jonathan B. „Dealing with a “Rogue State”: The Libya Precedent“. American Journal of International Law 101, Nr. 3 (Juli 2007): 553–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000029791.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
On June 30,2006, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice rescinded die United States designation of Libya as a state sponsor of terrorism. Her action ended nearly twenty-seven years of Libya’s pariah status in American law and rhetoric.The road to the rehabilitation of Libya was a long one in more than a temporal sense. During the 1980s, the country was widely perceived as the world’s strongest supporter of terrorism.The United States in particular saw Libya under the leadership of Muammar el-Qaddafi as a “rogue state” posing a serious threat to U.S. national security interests.This fear was confirmed by Libya’s destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988. A bomb placed by Libyan agents on board the aircraft en route to New York detonated over Lockerbie, Scodand, resulting in the deaths of 270 civilians, including 189 Americans. It was perhaps the single worst act of terrorism against the United States until the carnage of September 11, 2001.
6
Stepanov, Oleg Anatolyevich, und Evgeniya Nikolaevna Prokhorova. „On challenging aspects of countering the international terrorism“. SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110803019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The problem of international terrorism has become one of the serious problems hindering the sustainable development of the global community. The tragic events in Moscow, Beslan, New York, Madrid, Monte Carlo, London, and Paris have clearly shown this. The prerequisite for the study is an increase in the spread of international terrorism and the associated new threats and risks for the world community. International terrorism has many forms of manifestation aimed at causing harm to various objects (on the ground, in the waters, in the air, on the Internet), including critical infrastructure facilities associated with the use of nuclear materials. Also, the second decade of the 21st century was marked by hundreds of thousands of victims and millions of refugees associated with the consequences of terrorist activities on the territory of Syria, Iraq, and other states. The main objective of the study is to investigate socially significant scientific problems associated with countering this negative phenomenon. The result of the study is the introduction of the concept of “international security” into scientific circulation, which should be understood as the state of protection of subjects of international law from internal and external threats, based on the consideration of the interests of these subjects related to the leveling of dangerous manifestations that are global. At the same time, the authors emphasize the need to consider the development of the artificial intelligence sphere in the framework of countering the international terrorism threat. The results obtained in the study have not been previously published in literary sources and can serve as a guideline for further scientific research in the field of countering international terrorism.
7
Sitienei, Shadrack Kipkoech. „Challenges Facing Kenya-United States America Partnership Counterterrorism in Kenya“. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, Nr. VII (2023): 804–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.70761.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This reflection is an attempt to understand interstate partnership in bid to thwart global terrorism as a challenge in the post-cold war era. Terrorism attacks seem to have attracted global attention in the aftermath of 9/11 twin tower of the world trade center attack in the New York city. Global war on terror is a multi-dimensional, multi-faceted war led by USA with the main objective of protecting its interests globally. The horn of Africa is considered one of the safe haven for training and executing these attacks globally due to inherent prevailing circumstances in this region. Kenya has been a terrorist targetdue to its perceived closeness with the USA. The study adopted a mixed approach to reach its logical conclusion. It was found that; unemployment, USA coordination from Nairobi, internal politics, prolonged and severe inter-state conflicts in the region, geography and proximity to the gulf are the main challenges facing these partners in counterterrorism. The study concludes that for counterterrorism to succeed there is need to address the challenges and forge a close partnership among all stakeholders for a safer region.
8
Feldman, David. „United Kingdom: House of Lords on Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 in A. and others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department and X and another v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, Decision of 16 December 2004“. European Constitutional Law Review 1, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2005): 531–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019605005316.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
After the attacks by Al-Qaeda on the World Trade Centre in New York and other sites on 11 September 2001, the UK Parliament enacted the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 (ATCSA). Part 4 of the Act allowed the Home Secretary to certify a person as a suspected international terrorist if he reasonably believed that the person's presence in the UK was a threat to national security and reasonably suspected that he or she was an international terrorist. If the person was subject to UK immigration control (i.e., had no right of abode in the UK, not being a British national), he or she could be removed from the UK and detained pending removal under immigration legislation. If a practical consideration (such as the absence of transport links between UK and the place to which the person could be removed) or a point of law which wholly or partly related to an international agreement (for example, where removing a person to his or her country of origin would render him or her liable to torture contrary to Article 3 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR)) prevented a person's removal or departure temporarily or indefinitely, the Act permitted their detention.
9
Kalayjian, Ani. „Impact of 9/11 Terrorism on Mental Health Practitioners in the New York Tri-State Area“. Eye on Psi Chi Magazine 7, Nr. 3 (2003): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/1092-0803.eye7.3.42.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
10
Khattak, Javed Ahmed, Manzoor Khan Afridi und Shabbir Hussain. „Pakistan as Frontline State in War on Terror: Framing Analysis of the New York Times“. Global Mass Communication Review V, Nr. IV (30.12.2020): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2020(v-iv).13.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In 2001, the world witnessed the historical event of 9/11. For Counter terrorism, Pakistan fully supports the US after the incident of 9/11. Previous research studies have shown that most events in favor of US Policies portrayed by Western media, mostly the US media. They highlighted the perspective of the US government, war justifications and planned military campaign, while the implications of the war on terror were given a small amount of attention. This research, therefore, focuses on the analysis of the role of Pakistan in the war against terror by British and US newspapers and how the international media framed Pakistan's image. This research study is carried out to evaluate the role of international media, particularly the print media played during the war on terror from 2011 to 2015. It applies the content method to obtain the result. The editorials were retrieved using Lexis Nexis.
11
Silber, Steven H., Neill Oster, Bonnie Simmons und Christopher Garrett. „Y2K Medical Disaster Preparedness in New York City: Confidence of Emergency Department Directors in their Ability to Respond“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, Nr. 2 (Juni 2001): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025759.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractObjectives:To study the preparedness New York City for large scale medical disasters using the Year 2000 (Y2K) New Years Eve weekend as a model.Methods:Surveys were sent to the directors of 51 of the 9-1-1-receiving hospitals in New York City before and after the Y2K weekend. Inquiries were made regarding hospital activities, contingencies, protocols, and confidence levels in the ability to manage critical incidents, including weapons of mass destruction (WMD) events. Additional information was collected from New York City governmental agencies regarding their coordination and preparedness.Results:The pre-Y2K survey identified that 97.8% had contingencies for loss of essential services, 87.0% instituted their disaster plan in advance, 90.0% utilized an Incident Command System, and 73.9% had a live, mock Y2K drill. Potential terrorism influenced Y2K preparedness in 84.8%. The post-Y2K survey indicated that the threat of terrorism influenced future preparedness in 73.3%; 73.3% had specific protocols for chemical; 62.2% for biological events; 51.1% were not or only slightly confident in their ability to manage any potential WMD incidents; and 62.2% felt very or moderately confident in their ability to manage victims of a chemical event, but only 35.6% felt similarly about victims of a biological incident. Moreover, 80% felt there should be government standards for hospital preparedness for events involving WMD, and 84% felt there should be government standards for personal protective and DECON equipment. In addition, 82.2% would require a moderate to significant amount of funding to effect the standards. Citywide disaster management was coordinated through the Mayor's Office of Emergency Management.Conclusions:Although hospitals were on a heightened state of alert, emergency department directors were not confident in their ability to evaluate and manage victims of WMD incidents, especially biological exposures. The New York City experience is an example for the rest of the nation to underscore the need for further training and education of preparedness plans for WMD events. Federally supported education and training is available and is essential to improve the response to WMD threats.
12
PETENER, Zrinko. „ASSYMETRIC WARFARE - NOT EVERY WAR HAS TO END?“ Security and Defence Quarterly 2, Nr. 11 (30.06.2016): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5634.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The study of warfare, throughout its history, as well as efforts to legally regulate the resort to war and the conduct of war, were concentrated exclusively on one form of warfare - interstate conflict. Only since the terrorist attacks on Washington and New York in 2001 and the following ‘Global War on Terrorism’ has a discussion on a potentially new kind of warfare - asymmetric warfare - moved into the spotlight. Despite all the scientific attention, the concept of asymmetric warfare remains undefined or ill-defined until today, resulting in a proliferation of its use and limiting its value. Hence, restraint in the use of the term is necessary, in order to reinforce its analytical value and applicability. Defining asymmetric warfare as a conflict among opponents who are so different in their basic features that comparison of their military power is rendered impossible, is such an attempt to limit the term to a substantially new form of warfare, witnessed in a conflict that is often commonly called the Global War on Terrorism. The past two years, since the upsurge of the so-called Islamic State to the forefront of the salafi jihadi movement, have witnessed a significant change in this war. Superficial analysis could lead to the conclusion that the proclamation of the Islamic Caliphate on the territories of Iraq and Syria (for now) seems to have recalibrated this conflict into traditional interstate war again, making the concept of asymmetric warfare obsolete and diminishing it into just a short-term aberration in the history of warfare. Nothing could be further from the truth. The enemy in the Global War on Terrorism was and remains a global and territorially unrestricted ideological movement whose numbers cannot even be estimated, which fights its battles wherever it chooses to, and whose ultimate goal is the annihilation of the international system of sovereign states, not the creation of a new state within this system. The Islamic Caliphate in its current boundaries is nothing more than the “model Islamic state”, as envisioned by Osama bin Laden in his 1996 fatwa as part of Al Qaeda’s 200 year plan for the establishment of God’s Islamic World Order. This grand strategy is the guiding blueprint of the salafi jihad that is waged against the Westphalian state system in a war that is truly asymmetric. We have to adjust to this strategic asymmetry if we are to prevail in this struggle, fighting a long war against an indefinable enemy on battlefields that are still unknown.
13
Kushner, Harvey W. „Book Reviews: Terrorism in America: Pipe Bombs and Pipe Dreams Brent L. Smith. New York: State University of New York Press, 1994. 256 pp., $24.95“. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 39, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1995): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9503900412.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
14
Bonino, Stefano. „Violent and Non-Violent Political Islam in a Global Context“. Political Studies Review 16, Nr. 1 (01.11.2016): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929916675123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The role played by Islamism, or political Islam, in the contemporary world holds the key to understanding current geopolitical tensions both within the Muslim world and between the West and the Muslim world. This article centres on four books that explore some violent and non-violent manifestations of political Islam and offer analyses of the Islamic State, al-Qa’eda, the Muslim Brotherhood and, more generally, Salafi-jihadism. Political Islam considers Islam to be a totalising entity that should shape the contours of society, culture, politics and the law – that is, it ideally seeks to achieve unity of state and religion ( din wa-dawla). It expresses itself in multiple, and at times interlinked, ways that can encompass, among many others, a largely non-violent gradualist approach to power (Muslim Brotherhood), global terrorist action (al-Qa’eda) and sectarian warfare combined with territorial control and state-building (Islamic State). The aim of this article is to capture some of the multifarious ways in which political Islam manifests itself with the aid of the four books under review. Holbrook D (2014) The Al-Qaeda Doctrine: The Framing and Evolution of the Leadership’s Public Discourse. New York: Bloomsbury. Pantucci R (2015) ‘We Love Death as You Love Life’: Britain’s Suburban Terrorists. London: Hurst. Vidino L (2010) The New Muslim Brotherhood in the West. New York: Columbia University Press. Weiss M and Hassan H (2015) ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror. New York: Regan Arts.
15
Ismail, Amani, und Smeeta Mishra. „Configuring terrorism in the age of ISIS: The New York Times’ coverage of the 2015 Beirut and Paris attacks“. Global Media and Communication 15, Nr. 2 (27.05.2019): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766519846643.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This study inquires whether cultural proximity may explain how media handle terrorism in a global village era where cultural proximity may have given way to cosmopolitanism in news-making. Findings indicate that although loss of life is not culture-bound, cultural proximity persists, as comes through in the sheer contrast in the amount of coverage devoted to Paris versus Beirut. This distinction ought to be qualified, for even with Paris, the self-interest of the nation-state was prioritized, meaning that national security and welfare come first, followed by those of culturally proximate locales. Sensational violence was emphasized for both Lebanese and French victims.
16
Flanagan, R., LJ Brandt, MR Deinert und AG Osborne. „DETECTING NUCLEAR MATERIALS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS USING MOBILE SENSOR NETWORKS“. EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 16003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124716003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Radiation detectors installed at major ports of entry are a key component of the overall strategy to protect countries from nuclear terrorism. While the goal of deploying these systems is to intercept special nuclear material as it enters the country, no detector system is fool proof. Mobile, distributed sensors have been proposed to detect nuclear materials in transit should portal monitors fail to prevent their entry in the first place. In large metropolitan areas a mobile distributed sensor network could be deployed using vehicle platforms such as taxis, Ubers and Lyfts which are already connected to communications infrastructure. However, the potential geographic coverage that could be achieved using a network of sensors mounted on commercial passenger vehicles has not been established. Here we evaluate how a mobile sensor network could perform in New York City using a combination of radiation transport and Geographic Information Systems. The Geographic Information System QGIS is used in conjunction with OpenStreetMap data to isolate roads and construct a grid over the streets. Vehicle paths are built using pickup and drop off data from Uber, and data from the New York State Department of Transportation.
17
Kenney, Charles D. „State of Fear: The Truth about Terrorism. Directed by Pamela Yates. New York: New Day Films, 2009. 94 Minutes. DVD. $300.00 purchase; $75.00 rental.“ Americas 67, Nr. 04 (April 2011): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500000638.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
18
Kenney, Charles D. „State of Fear: The Truth about Terrorism. Directed by Pamela Yates. New York: New Day Films, 2009. 94 Minutes. DVD. $300.00 purchase; $75.00 rental.“ Americas 67, Nr. 4 (April 2011): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2011.0054.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
19
Rafidah, Maisi. „Perspektif Islamphobia Pasca Tragedi 11 September 2001“. Local History & Heritage 1, Nr. 1 (01.07.2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.57251/lhh.v1i1.20.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This paper is compiled using a qualitative data collection method which is based on a literature review, whether in the form of journals or books. And aims to study Islamophobia, Terrorism and Sharia. The collapse of the WTC building and the destruction of the pentagon building on Tuesday 11 September 2001 in New York Washington resulted in Muslims experiencing discrimination from non-Muslim Americans. The collapse of the WTC building and the destruction of the Pentagon Building on September 11, 2001, resulted in a world conflict involving the United States government and Islam. The increase in terror acts that have occurred in various countries has had many negative impacts on the development and development of a country as well as positive impacts on Muslims and Muslims in the United States. Not only that, American Muslims also do not practice some Shari'a because of the laws that deal with the sphere of government and the state. Even Sharia emphasizes that the rule of law in a society must be carried out by the state.
20
Flanagan, Robert, Logan Brandt, Andrew Osborne und Mark Deinert. „Detecting Nuclear Materials in Urban Environments Using Mobile Sensor Networks“. Sensors 21, Nr. 6 (21.03.2021): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Radiation detectors installed at major ports of entry are a key component of the overall strategy to protect countries from nuclear terrorism. While the goal of deploying these systems is to intercept special nuclear material as it enters the country, no detector system is foolproof. Mobile, distributed sensors have been proposed to detect nuclear materials in transit should portal monitors fail to prevent their entry in the first place. In large metropolitan areas, a mobile distributed sensor network could be deployed using vehicle platforms such as taxis, Ubers, and Lyfts, which are already connected to communications infrastructure. However, performance and coverage that could be achieved using a network of sensors mounted on commercial passenger vehicles has not been established. Here, we evaluate how a mobile sensor network could perform in New York City using a combination of radiation transport and geographic information systems. The geographic information system is used in conjunction with OpenStreetMap data to isolate roads and construct a grid over the streets. Vehicle paths are built using pickup and drop off data from Uber, and from the New York State Department of Transportation. The results show that the time to first detection increases with source velocity, decreases with the number of mobile detectors, and reaches a plateau that depends on the strength of the source.
21
Slater, Jerome. „Muting the Alarm over the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The New York Times versus Haaretz, 2000–06“. International Security 32, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2007): 84–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2007.32.2.84.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The prospects for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict remain poor, largely because of Israeli rigidity as well as Palestinian policies and internal conflicts. The United States has failed to use its considerable influence with Israel to seek the necessary changes in Israeli policies, instead providing the country with almost unconditional support. The consequences have been disastrous for the Palestinians, for Israeli security and society, and for critical U.S. national interests in the Middle East. Amajor explanation for the failure of U.S. policies is the largely uninformed and uncritical mainstream and even elite media coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the United States. In contrast, the debate in Israel is more self-critical, vigorous, and far-ranging, creating at least the possibility of change, even as U.S. policy stagnates. Acomparison of the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by the two most prestigious daily newspapers in the United States and Israel—in particular, over the breakdown of the peace process in 2000 and the ensuing Palestinian intifada, the nature of the Israeli occupation, the problem of violence and terrorism, and the prospects for peace today—underscores these differences. While the New York Times has muted the alarm over the dangers of the United States' near-unconditional support for Israeli policies toward the Palestinians, Haaretz has sought to sound the alarm.
22
Singh, Jessica. „The Notion of Subhuman Identity in the War on Terror“. Illumine: Journal of the Centre for Studies in Religion and Society Graduate Students Association 12, Nr. 1 (14.11.2014): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/illumine121201313324.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Foreign policies in the global political arena continue to demonstrate the consequential after-effects of the terrorist attacks in New York on September 11, 2001. Propagations of a “terrorist threat” are strategically used by Western political actors to achieve a multiplicity of ends. In some cases, these ends supersede accepted international precedents, both in the realms of international law and convention. In particular, United States President George W. Bush’s War on Terror, and President Barak Obama’s continuing drone operations in the Middle East exemplify instances of political transcendence. Through the strategic enactment of ambiguous laws and through intimate utilizations of notions of “state sovereignty” and “national self-defense,” the American Government has gained unprecedented authority in the treatment of suspected terrorists. This article examines the legal, theoretical, and ethical elements of the War on Terror and the American drone operation in the Middle East to illustrate the exceptionalness of Al-Qaeda and Taliban combatants in American legal understanding.
23
Schotten, C. Heike. „Genealogies of Terrorism: Revolution, State Violence, Empire. By Verena Erlenbusch-Anderson. New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. 296 pp. $90.00 cloth, $30.00 paper.“ Perspectives on Politics 17, Nr. 3 (21.08.2019): 850–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592719002238.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
24
Rubenstein, Richard E. „Inside Terrorist Organizations. Edited by David C. Rapoport. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. 259p. $35.00 cloth, $14.50 paper. - Democracies against Terror: The Western Response to State-supported Terrorism. By Geoffrey M. Levitt. New York: Praeger, 1988. 142p. $32.95 cloth, $9.95 paper.“ American Political Science Review 83, Nr. 2 (Juni 1989): 702–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962479.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
25
DiMaggio, Charles, Sandro Galea und Paula A. Madrid. „Population Psychiatric Medication Prescription Rates following a Terrorist Attack“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2007): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0000529x.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractIntroduction:While several population-based studies have documented behavioral health disturbances following terrorist attacks, a number of mental health service utilization analyses present conflicting conclusions.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine if mental health service utilization increased following a terrorist attack by assessing changes in psychoactive drug prescription rates.Methods:The rate of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) prescriptions was measured among New York State Medicaid enrollees before and after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. The association between geographic proximity to the events and changes in the rate of SSRI prescriptions around 11 September 2001 was assessed.Results:From September to December 2001, among individuals residing within three miles of the World Trade Center site, there was an 18.2% increase in the SSRI prescription rate compared to the previous eight-month period (p = 0.0011). While there was a 9.3% increase for non-New York City residents, this change was not statistically significant (p = 0.74).Conclusions:There was a quantifiable increase in the dispensing of psychoactive drugs following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, and this effect varied by geographic proximity to the events. These findings build on the growing body of knowledge on the pervasive effects of disasters and terrorist events for population health, and demonstrate the need to include mental and behavioral health as key components of surge capacity and public health response to mass traumas.
26
Aldrich, Daniel P. „Between Market and State: Directions in Social Science Research on Disaster“. Perspectives on Politics 9, Nr. 1 (März 2011): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592710003294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Governing after Crisis: The Politics of Investigation, Accountability, and Learning. Edited by Arjen Boin, Allan McConnell, and Paul 'T Hart. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 336p. $99.00 cloth, $34.99 paper.Learning from Catastrophes: Strategies for Reaction and Response. Edited by Howard Kunreuther and Micheel Useem. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing, 2010. 352p. $37.99 paper.The Next Catastrophe: Reducing Our Vulnerabilities to Natural, Industrial, and Terrorist Disasters. By Charles Perrow. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. 388p. $29.95 paper.Developed and developing nations alike face low-probability but high-consequence exogenous shocks, including ice storms, chemical spills, terrorist attacks, and regional blackouts. Recently, “natural” disasters have dominated the airwaves; mega-catastrophes that claim more than 1,000 lives have become an almost yearly occurrence. In 2010, the Haiti and Chile earthquakes killed more than 200,000 people between them and felt all too familiar to many observers in the West. Before them were Cyclone Nargis in Burma, which took 130,000 lives in 2008; Hurricane Katrina, which killed more than 1,500 New Orleans residents and left 80% of the city flooded in 2005; and the Indian Ocean tsunami, which claimed roughly a quarter of a million lives in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand in 2004.
27
Cardone, Resha Sophia. „The Memory of State Terrorism in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. By FrancescaLessa and VincentDruliolle (eds.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. p. 227, $85.00.“ Latin Americanist 57, Nr. 3 (September 2013): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tla.12005_3.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
28
Siew Min, Sai. „Indonesia State terrorism and political identity in Indonesia: Fatally belonging By Ariel Heryanto London and New York: Routledge, 2006. Pp. xii, 242. Glossary, Notes, References, Index.“ Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 39, Nr. 3 (11.09.2008): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246340800043x.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
29
Andreotti, Riccardo, Gianmario Riganti und Marco Boniardi. „Numerical Simulation of a Terrorist Attack“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (Juli 2011): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.308.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This paper presents the results of the numerical simulation of the 1993 terrorist attack at the New York World Trade Center. Aim of this work is to compare the results of the simulation with the actual damage suffered by the structure, in order to discuss and explore the possibility of extending the use of such simulation tools (widely used for industrial products) also to the design and optimization of large structures.The work involves the state of art in numerical simulation (based on finite elements method) coupled with modeling the high strain-rate effect on mechanical behavior of materials.The results show a strong concordance with the historical data of the event. This leads tohypothesize future scenarios (even normative ones) in the field of large structures design and safety improvement against impulsive events.
30
McLean, Don. „Safety Implications of ICAO Air Victim Support Rules“. Measurement and Control 35, Nr. 5 (Juni 2002): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029400203500504.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
With the continuous increase in world air travel which has been observed since 1995 being maintained, although at a somewhat lower rate after the terrorism enacted at the World Trade Centre in New York last year, it has been estimated that the number of aircraft hull loss accidents will double by 2012. Such serious accidents often involve fatalities. To ensure that there is in place an acceptable level of support for victims and their families, wherever the accident may have occurred, a Resolution A32–7 was adopted at the 32nd General Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), a body of the United Nations. (Every nation which is a member of the UN is entitled to be a member of ICAO: once a member, the state and its airlines must provide air services to the standard required by the ICAO.) The Resolution is based implicitly on the rules which have been put in place by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) of the USA. This short paper briefly explains what the rules entail, the likely impact that such rules will have on an airline affected by an air accident, and what are some of the other implications of implementing the Resolution.
31
Riaz, Muhammad, Muhammad Jamil und Muhammad Noman. „Peace Reporting: Intra-afghan Dialogue and Role of Media“. Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences 4, Nr. 4 (30.12.2023): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjss.755891410.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
John Gatling's model of journalism has been applied to coverage of newspaper reports on peace in Afghanistan in three leading English newspapers: the New York Times, Outlook Afghanistan, and the Daily Dawn. As an important pillar of the state, the media plays an important role in resolving disputes through its news reporting. By shaping it, they shape and edit people's opinions. In this way, the media is a powerful tool for shaping the nation's policy in international communication. So, the social responsibility theory of the press is discussed in this regard. The purpose of this study is to explore the coverage pattern of "terrorism and the ongoing war in Afghanistan" through print media in the framework of peace. News from three major newspapers shows that the coverage of the war and peace efforts in Afghanistan is dominated by the framework of peace journalism. Each story was coded for Peace Journalism as modeled by John Gatling. The three salient features of peace journalism that have been observed are the unbiased approach, the multidisciplinary approach, and the avoiding evil language. All three newspapers were objective and reported in their entire context. Most of the time, newspapers' approach was to resolve disputes rather than to direct them.
32
Kutovoy, E. „Tasks of improving the UN's activities and training personnel for work in the Organization“. Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2101-03.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article presents a personal view of the former executive offi cer of the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation/USSR to the UN on the state, problems and prospects of development of this Organization. It provides an analysis of the activities of UN member States and their foreign ministries to use opportunities to preserve peace and international security. Particular attention is paid to the inconsistency of the US course in the fi eld of arms control, reform of the UN and its Security Council, with an emphasis on the analysis of Russia's position. The article highlights the activities of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs in preparing recommendations for Russian delegations when discussing specifi c items on the approved agenda at the annual sessions of the General Assembly. Much attention is paid to those areas of the UN's activities, the regulation of which would meet the interests of Russia and other Member states: the fi ght against international terrorism and organized crime; ensuring international security; promoting economic development of the UN state; prevention of armed confl icts; strengthening the cooperation of Member States in the fi ght against infectious and other dangerous diseases. The need to improve the structures and apparatus of the UN is emphasized. In this regard, it is emphasized the need to organize at a high professional level training of competent specialists for work on the UN line in the Russian Foreign Ministry and in the UN structures in New York, Vienna, Geneva, etc.
33
Ali, Shahzad, Ahmer Safwan und Muhammad Makkey Bhutta. „Portrayal of civil and military leadership of Pakistan: Content analysis of Newspapers of UK and USA during PPP regimes“. Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 2, Nr. 1 (28.09.2021): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.13.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Civil and military leadership of Pakistan have always played tremendous role and formulating and executing different policies regarding every issue of state. The significance of mainstream print media cannot be neglected as it forms public option regarding civil and military institutions in all countries. There, the research has been designed to analyse portrayal of Pakistani civil and military leadership by four newspapers of UK and USA (Telegraph, Guardian, New York Times & Washington Post) during tenures of PPP (1995-1996 & 2008-2013). Quantitative content analysis has been adapted as research methodology to analyse features/articles, editorials and news stories in 9 major categories and 13 sub-categories with total 4053 published items in domain of civil & military leadership of Pakistan regarding different issues of the tenures of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). Findings have divulged that British and American newspapers covered news stories against of military leadership of Pakistan especially in category of terrorism while greater pro-civilian coverage has been found in comparison of pro- military coverage in tenures PPP. Mr. Asif Ali Zardari has been covered with more negative representation before in power as compared to his regime as President of Pakistan. On the basis of cumulative representation in all categories, overall impression of Pakistan has been reflected negative and unfavourable in British and American Print Media.
34
Nalluri, Nithya, Michael Bsales und Christie Nelson. „Data-Driven Security Measurements to Improve Safety in NYC and NJ Mass Transit“. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 21, Nr. 3 (Juni 2023): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54808/jsci.21.03.47.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Public transit in America in recent years is potentially vulnerable to terrorist or mass casualty attacks. These vulnerabilities are in part due to the lack of strict screening and content policing, unlike security at airports, but also their attractiveness as a potentially high-value target. Although current public transit systems are designed to efficiently allow passengers to quickly travel, screening of individual riders for weapons remains limited due to current technology limitations and high peak throughput requirements. This paper aims to develop an understanding of the current state of security check systems as applicable to high-traffic subway stations. We also worked towards creating a proof-of-concept risk analysis model using crime and other types of publicly available data for the New York City and New Jersey transit regions.
35
Johnson, Daryl. „Case analysis: New York City emergency planning falls short for disabled“. MOJ Public Health 11, Nr. 2 (27.06.2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojph.2022.11.00382.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introduction: Historically, emergency management planners have neglected to include critical stakeholders in the actual planning process, which has left thousands of vulnerable individuals who are sensory or mobility impaired open to injury and illness, during and after emergencies. Ultimately, this left gaps in both the planning and recovery phases of an emergency response for the most vulnerable. Having a clear and comprehensive understanding of the entire city, including the political landscape encompassing the citizens, the complex infrastructure, and available resources, will help inform the who, what, where, when and how to effectively develop an all-inclusive emergency plan. Over time, and as a result of many different types of disasters occurring (e.g., hurricanes, terrorist attacks, explosions), emergency managers remain challenged to continually improve upon their planning process, engaging agencies and organizations at all levels (i.e., local, state, national) to better prepare for future emergencies. One such challenge, a successful class action lawsuit brought by the Brooklyn Center for Independence of the Disabled (BCID), mandated that New York City address significant gaps in emergency planning specific to transportation, evacuation, sheltering, and unique communication needs that affect over 900,000 New Yorkers with functional disabilities.1 Methods: Extensive online search for documents, resources, court settlements, press releases all having to do with lack of emergency planning and services for disabled populations across the United States. Discussion: The DOHMH has now implemented a Post Emergency Canvassing Operation (PECO) and could be a model for other cities and states, on how to rapidly canvass, determine needs and provide referral following an emergency for the unique needs of the vulnerable population to mitigate the risk of injury or disease. This adds yet another layer of resources and support to a population that has historically been left behind.
36
Achelpöhler, Wilhelm, und Holger Niehaus. „Data Screening as a Means of Preventing Islamist Terrorist Attacks on Germany“. German Law Journal 5, Nr. 5 (01.05.2004): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012657.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
After the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, it was determined that some of the presumed perpetrators had lived in Germany where they had been studying technical subjects in particular. Public authorities supposed more potential assassins (so-called “sleepers”) were staying in Germany until they received an order to start their mission. In order to discover such persons, data screening was carried out in each federal state of Germany. In the course of it, all universities were obliged to hand over the data material concerning their enrolled students for data alignment by police authorities. Up until now, appeals of affected students against those measures have been successful in Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Berlin. Those events give reason for a critical reflection of the means of data screening by the police.
37
Cheng, C. S. Agnes, Jing Wang, Ning Zhang und Sha Zhao. „Bowling Alone, Bowling Together: Is Social Capital Priced in Bank Loans?“ Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 32, Nr. 4 (19.08.2017): 449–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x17724890.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
We investigate whether the societal-level social capital enjoyed by firms affects the cost of their bank loans. Employing a measure of societal-level social capital for U.S. counties, we find that firms with higher societal-level social capital are associated with lower loan spreads. To further identify causality, we explore two events: Using a sample of firms that relocate their headquarters for tax reasons, we find that firms that move to lower (higher) social capital counties experience a higher (lower) cost of bank loans following relocations. The second event was the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. After the disaster, social capital in affected counties—mainly in the State of New York, the State of Virginia, and adjacent counties—increased through social capital building efforts. We show that firms headquartered in the affected counties experience significantly lower loan spreads than other firms after the attack. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how societal-level social capital promotes economic development through its impact on financing costs.
38
Junqueira, Karina, und Ana Camila Moreira. „Estado de exceção permanente pós 11/09: as implicações da legislação de emergência estadunidense | permanent state of exception post 11/09: implications of the american emergency legislation“. Mural Internacional 12 (10.04.2021): e54038. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2021.54038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Este artigo analisa as medidas de exceção instauradas pelo poder executivo dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), após os ataques terroristas perpetrados em Nova York e Washington no dia 11 de setembro de 2001. Tais reações governamentais culminaram em um estado de emergência permanente no país, devido à sua irrevogabilidade desde então. À luz da perspectiva da securitização e da teoria do estado de exceção, analisamos as implicações dos principais decretos de emergência instaurados no país ao longo das duas últimas décadas para as políticas de vigilância em massa e determinados grupos sociais. Observa-se, sobretudo, a perpetuação da legislação excepcional, ao pressupor maior autonomia estatal e menor restrição de regras na arena política, sob a lógica de salvaguarda da segurança nacional em detrimento das liberdades civis.Palavras-chave: Estado de exceção. 11/09. Estados Unidos.ABSTRACTThis article analyses the exception measures installed by the United States of America (USA) executive powers after the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11th. Those governamental reactions culminated in a permanent state of exception in the country, for being irrevocable since then. In the light of the securitization theory and the theory of state of exception we analyse the implications of the main emergency decrees established in the country in the last two decades for the mass surveillance politics and some social groups. It’s observed especially the perpetuation of exceptional legislation in the next government, for presuppose greater autonomy from the State and less restriction of rules in the political field, under the logic of protection of national security at the expense of civil liberties.Keywords: State of Exception. 9/11. United States. Recebido em: 25 ago. 2020 | Aceito em: 27 mar. 2021.
39
Kočan Šalamon, Kristina. „Public response to 9/11 in politics“. Informatologia 51, Nr. 1-2 (30.06.2018): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/i.51.1-2.4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The paper with the title “Public Response to 9/11 in Politics: Patriotism, Fear and Language Issues” examines the immediate responses that emerged in American political administration after the terrorist attacks on 11 September, 2001 in New York City and Washington, D.C. Moreover, the paper analyzes the speech “We Have Seen the State of Our Union” given before the Congress on September 20, 2001, by the former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, showing the prevalent manner of the rhetoric of the then current government administration. Seeking to explain the rhetoric of the politicians after 9/11, the analysis explores several parameters. This kind of rhetoric addressed the issues connected to 9/11, and employed a great deal of patriotism-related words as well as a language that could help instigate fear and paranoia in Americans and their culture.
40
Chaudhry, Ayesha Siddiqua. „Shattering the Stereotypes“. American Journal of Islam and Society 22, Nr. 4 (01.10.2005): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i4.1668.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Ever since the West’s initial contact with the East, Muslim women haveoccupied center stage as highly politicized subjects who the West hasclaimed to liberate from the oppressive East and who the East has claimedto protect from the hedonistic West. Despite their central role as pawns inthis political struggle, women have been strikingly silent subjects. Thisbook belongs to an emerging collection of books that seek to give voice tothese silent subjects. Nawal El Saadawi, in her emotionally charged“Foreword,” captures the book’s tone quite well in her expression that “thepersonal is political” (p. x). Through personal stories, this anthology seeksto dissociate Islam from both terrorism and the oppression of women.Fawzia Afzal-Khan’s anecdotal introduction reveals that her goal istwofold: first, to connect various strands of conversation between MuslimAmerican women from different backgrounds since 9/11, and, second, toenlighten both Muslim and non-Muslim readers of the varied realities of the“Muslim Woman.”This anthology is divided into six sections. Section 1, “Non-Fiction,”contains several personal accounts of Muslim American women’s encounterswith 9/11. In her piece “Unholy Alliances,” Afzal-Khan vents her frustrationon several targets, including Israel, American foreign policy, SalmanRushdie, women who choose to wear the hijab, as well as the MontclairUniversity Muslim Students’ Association and the Global Studies Institute.Nadia Ali Maiwandi, Zohra Saed, and Wajma Ahmady reflect on theresponses they encountered and experienced amidst the Afghan-Americancommunity in the aftermath of 9/11. Eisa Nefertari Ulen’s genuinely tolerantarticle encourages Muslim and non-Muslim women to work together.Writing from her perspective as an African-American convert, she identifiesissues of gender and religion as mere smokescreens used by the “oppressor”to separate women (p. 50). Humera Afridi’s witty and refreshing work functionsas a social commentary on the climate of New York City after the 9/11attacks. One of the most edifying pieces is Rabab Abdulhadi’s “Where isHome?” This piece, written as a series of journal entries, captures the strugglesof identity faced by an exiled Palestinian woman as she tries to make ahome in New York City in the aftermath of 9/11 ...
41
Klarić, Mirko. „Role of the government in certain circumstances“. Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 57, Nr. 3 (2023): 831–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns57-47204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The role of state administration and its public institutions in certain circumstances represents one of the most significant issues in the last twenty years following the serious security crisis caused by terrorist attacks in New York on 11 September 2001. The accent of public administration reforms was on efficiency and effectiveness of public institutions. Reforms were divided into deregulation and liberalization of public services, territorial decentralization, and regionalization with the strengthening of local government institutions and reform of central government administration. After the security crisis in 2001, financial crisis in 2008 and health crisis in 2020, the role of state institutions and public authorities in governing the state was redefined. The leading motives of general liberalization of public services, deregulation, and various forms of decentralization of public institutions abounded due to the new doctrinal approach of governmental organization. New strengthening of public authorities and public institutions became the new mainstream in the organization and functioning of the state. This paper analyzes how the role of the state can be modified due to the dynamics of social, political, and economic changes in society. New governmental reforms are contrary to earlier political and administrative measures, which include the strengthening of public institutions and concentration of public authorities. The government takes on a regulatory function in many aspects of social, political, and economic life. This situation leads to a new organization of the state, where public authorities take on a significant part of the responsibility to regulate various aspects of economic and social activities. At the focus of this paper will be how the dynamics of specific circumstances in society can affect the developing processes of the state and their public institutions. Those processes have economic, social, and political dimensions. The economic dimension includes regulatory measures on the market which contributes to development of the framework for economic development. The social dimension includes measures of social policy focused on improving the social position of citizens according to the economic development of society. The political dimension includes various aspects of security policy, with various protective measures in the community, which depends on the type of treatment for security of citizens.
42
Shevchenko, Iryna. „American social media on the Russia-Ukraine war: A multimodal analysis“. 25, Nr. 25 (30.12.2022): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2022-25-05.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This research focuses on political narrative about the Russia-Ukraine war in American social media. It aims to investigate the type and configuration of multimodal semiotic resources used to present the events of this war and shape their perception by the audience, primarily American; The New York Times Telegram channel coverage of the 2022 Russian invasion as a case study. What kind of semiotic resources do American social media deploy to construct the narrative about the war? What are the dominant post formats, how they deploy information about the Russia-Ukraine war and construe its perception: the concepts of the war, of Ukraine as a victim of aggression and a fighter for independence, of Russia as a terrorist-state, and of their allies and opponents? Theoretically, this study is underpinned by a cognitive-semiotic, political linguistic and multimodal approach. In political media narrative, storytelling shapes perception of war realities: it frames and reframes the readers’ construal of the world, ascribes connotations to facts and events. A multimodal narrative involves different semiotic resources—verbal, graphic, audial, and cinematographic (in video). The configuration of these heterogeneous signs in a particular Telegram channel’s post defines its influence as predominantly rational or emotional. The findings show that the following post formats are typical for The New York Times Telegram channel: image followed by text and link to another site (the most frequent); gallery (a gallery of images) and quote (a quotation with its source/author as the title) (less frequent); video and audio (rarely used). They serve to accentuate, elaborate, and extend the information in the post. I argue that Telegram posts together with users’ emoji-reactions are a specific interactive genre of a multimodal political discourse. Emojis realize both pragmatic and cognitive functions: on the one hand, they are effective instruments to measure users’ reaction; on the other, they contribute to meaning-making by evaluating and making salient the concepts described. The dominance of rational and verified information in The New York Times Telegram channel creates the true image of Russia’s genocidal war against Ukraine and provides a fair assessment of related concepts.
43
Byman, Daniel. „Explaining Al Qaeda’s DeclineHow Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns. By Audrey Kurth Cronin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009.From Deep State to Islamic State: The Arab Counter-Revolution and Its Jihadi Legacy. By Jean-Pierre Filiu. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda. By Fawaz A. Gerges. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency. By Charles R. Lister. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.The Al-Qaeda Franchise: The Expansion of Al-Qaeda and Its Consequences. By Barak Mendelsohn. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.“ Journal of Politics 79, Nr. 3 (Juli 2017): 1106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/692166.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
44
Maciejczyk-Cień, Piotr. „The security of critical infrastructure in the concept of the Territorial Defence Force of the Republic of Poland“. Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka - Refleksje 33, Nr. 33 (29.03.2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1945.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Nowadays, humanity has become dependent on the devices and systems which form part of everyday life. This relation was made clear by the terrorist attacks in New York, Madrid and London. The attacks resulted not only in human casualties and damage to infrastructure, but also made people aware of the close relations between the damage and the effective operation of the rescuers. This gave rise to the need to face the problem of protecting the infrastructure which is important for the security of the state and its citizens. At the same time, the issue of threats to critical infrastructure has started to emerge more and more in the literature devoted to internal security and stopped being associated solely with military concepts. In Poland, the notion of ‘critical infrastructure’ first started to appear in government documents and literature in 2007 after the introduction of the Crisis Management Act. The legislator specifies in the document the conceptual range of critical infrastructure which is closely related to the functioning of facilities, devices, and installations relevant for the security of the state and citizens. The following systems were regarded as critical infrastructures: the energy and fuel, communications and ICT, transport, rescue, financial, food and water supply, and healthcare systems, and also the one related to chemical and radioactive substances. This paper is an attempt at characterising the defence of critical infrastructure in Poland and the possibilities of preventing threats to important state security systems in the context of the establishment of the Territorial Defence Force.
45
Alsoufi, Waleed, und Naser N. Albzour. „Covert Ideologies and Sign Manipulation: a Functional Semiotic Analysis of Western vs. Arabic News Coverage of New Zealand 2019 Mosque Carnage“. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, Nr. 6 (30.11.2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.6p.50.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The primary concern of this comparative study is to explore sign manipulation in front page photographs and headlines in both Western and Arabic news reports in a humble attempt to determine how visual and verbal signs are purposefully presented to the target audience. The researchers precisely try to scrutinize and analyze covert ideological biases of such news reports not only as expressed verbally but also visually. This study exclusively hinges on the event of the New Zealand Mosque Massacre which took place during Friday Prayers on 15 March 2019 in Christchurch City, where an Australian terrorist opened fire on innocent Muslim worshippers and brutally killed fifty of them. The heinous crime has left the world in a state of mourning and utter shock. Media coverage of this attack overwhelmed the Western and the Arab newspapers as well as social media worldwide. Unfortunately, the Christchurch massacre has not been headlined as a terrorist attack by several Western news reports unlike Arabic ones. The source of the data in question mainly relies on 10 popular newspapers: five Western newspapers and five Arabic ones: Daily Mirror, The New York Times, Daily Mail, The Guardian, The Sun, Addustour, Al-Jazirah, Al-Anba, Al-Quds Al-Arabi and AL-Sharq, respectively. The data represent a random sample, so the content does not necessarily represent attitudes or perspectives of all Western and Arabic newspapers. Following the Peircean semiotic triadic model, this study tries to unveil basic ideological features and manipulative strategies that clearly depict the Australian terrorist in some Western newspapers. In addition, it bluntly and objectively shows covert racial prejudice against Muslims in western newspapers. The findings show the significance of both verbal and visual signs in news story because they enable the reporters to express their perspectives towards major events such as New Zealand mosque carnage more effectively. As a result, the use of visual images in front page headlines does not merely serve to represent the reality of that horrible event in a visual form; rather, it is an essential tool of persuasion and tampering with the public opinion by means of insinuating some seriously embedded ideologies.
46
Partan, Daniel G. „Revolutionaries and Functionaries: The Dual Face of Terrorism. By Richard Falk. Written under the auspices of the Center of International Studies, Princeton University. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1988. Pp. xxiii, 222. Index. $17.95. - Democracies against Terror: The Western Response to State-Supported Terrorism. By Geoffrey M. Levitt. Published with The Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C. New York, Westport, London: Praeger, 1988. Pp. xiv, 142. Index. $32.95, cloth; $9.95, paper.“ American Journal of International Law 83, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1989): 957–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203392.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
47
Veenema, Tener Goodwin, Bonnie Walden, Nancy Feinstein und Jacqueline P. Williams. „Factors Affecting Hospital-based Nurses' Willingness to Respond to a Radiation Emergency“. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2008): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e31818a2b7a.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
ABSTRACTBackground: Despite increased government and public awareness of the threat of a radiological emergency resulting from a terrorist attack or industrial accident, limited emphasis has been placed on preparing the US health care workforce for such an event. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a rapid survey to evaluate hospital-based nurses' baseline knowledge, self-assessed clinical competence, perception of personal safety, and willingness to respond in the event of a radiological emergency.Methods: The study was conducted in 2 phases, the first targeting nursing units likely to respond in the event of a radiological emergency and the second focusing more generally on members of the New York State Emergency Nurses Association currently employed as hospital-based nurses.Results: Among the 668 nurses surveyed, baseline knowledge was found to be inadequate. Although baseline knowledge, clinical competence, and perception of personal safety were all positively associated with willingness to respond, perception of safety appeared to be the primary determinant. Furthermore, baseline knowledge did not appear to be strongly associated with perception of personal safety.Conclusions: Based on these results, the investigators recommend further clinical training to enhance preparedness and a more detailed exploration of the determinants of perceived personal safety. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:224–229)
48
Cowden, Stephen, Sukhwant Dhaliwal und Rebecca Durand. „Editorial“. Feminist Dissent, Nr. 4 (11.03.2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/fd.n4.2019.321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The focus of this Issue is the UK’s counter-terrorist programme ‘Prevent’. As a number of articles explain, this policy developed out of the wider policy agenda of CONTEST which was developed by the UK government following the 9/11 attacks by Al Qaeda in New York in 2001. Many readers may be wondering why we would devote a whole issue to this particular policy. Our reason for doing this is that the issues raised in the debate around Prevent and what it represents impinge directly on concerns around the rise of fundamentalism and its ongoing project of establishing hegemony across religious and political fields, as well as state responses to that. In this issue we have sought to create a space to raise concerns that have not figured in the dominant understanding of Prevent in the eyes of both its supporters and its critics. The Prevent policy is presently having a significant impact on a whole range of areas within the British state – on Further and Higher Education, Probation and Social Work, third sector organisations, women’s organisations, Local Authorities as well as on religious institutions and movements, and on community based political activism. Yet the polarised nature of the debate around Prevent means that we know very little about how these impacts are playing out, and in particular how the responses and practices which are being adopted are impacting on women as well as on other vulnerable groups. These are the concerns we have sought to give voice to in this issue.
49
Brooks, Jeffrey. „Totalitarianism Revisited“. Review of Politics 68, Nr. 2 (Mai 2006): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670506000088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
“Totalitarianism” is a powerful word rich in historical associations and rebounding in current political usage. The four books under review reflect both the term's range of usage and the enduring fascination with the phenomena it described. Totalitarianism's initial terminological siblings, “nazism” and “communism,” are applied chiefly to the original historical subjects that generated them. A close political cousin, “fascism,” long ago escaped its close ideological family and is applied to everything from brutal police to road hogs. In contrast, “totalitarianism,” formerly confined to a narrow political as opposed to a cultural context, is suddenly in play. In recent issues of the New York Times, David Brooks excoriates Iraqi proponents of “totalitarian theocracy” (5/16/2004); President Bush deplores the terrorists’ “totalitarian ideology” (5/29/05), and Condoleezza Rice abhors Iran as a “totalitarian state” (5/29/2005). A Central Asian despot is characterized as a “fragile totalitarian” in a feature by David E. Sangler (5/29/2005), and the group of army officers (the Military Council for Justice and Democracy) that overthrew President Maouya Sidi Ahmed Taya in Mauritania in August 2005 defend their decision “to put an end to the totalitarian practices of the deposed regime.” Totalitarianism is back, but what does it mean?
50
Kantor, Paul. „Terrorism and Governability in New York City“. Urban Affairs Review 38, Nr. 1 (September 2002): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107808702401097826.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle