Dissertationen zum Thema „Terres arables“
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Bakouan, Bayen-Edouard. „Règlementation PAC et évolution agricole et rurale : l'application du gel des terres arables en Indre-Et-Loire“. Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR2005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe agricultural sector represents an international stake in which each state is called to defend not only its economic interests but also its strategic political and social interests. The GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) today define the limits within which any national agricultural policy must be built. These same limits represent the framework within which every european farmer has to evolve: to imagine how his profession must run and then to create himself an individual identity. The entire agricultural community is at a stage of intense change that the politicans find difficult to grasp in order to clearly define a tenable policy. The present stady shows political, ideological and economic constraints that hinder the organisation of an ambitious cap that should be leading the way for the community's agriculture. It attempts to analyse the community's agricultural perspectives as well as the role the european institutions play in leading the way. Starting with a land study (in the Indre-et-Loire departement, France) implementing a specific legislative measure (set aside lands) this research paper tries to answer a few key questions. How is the new rural and agricultural orientation being drawn up? To what extent does the reform of the cap stand as an element of a change of mentality towards the agricultural sector? In the light of new agricultural orientations, how does rural life itself see its own evolution?
Baridi, Obeida Al. „Périurbanisation des métropoles arabes : la densification de cette couronne et la consommation de terres agricoles : cas de Damas“. Paris 12, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA123002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis begins with the analysis the exceptional strength of the demographic and spatial growth of the Arab metropolises and its consequences on the disappearance of the arable land and the surge of the non regulated habitat. With the investigation into the causes of this surge, the second part of the study analyzes the determining role of land and tenure the incapacity of authorities to solve the housing problem. Lastly, the factors and the true reasons which are at the origin of the appearance of the phenomenon, its propagation and its development complete this part. A detailed study of the non regulated zones which include the town of Damascus completes the analysis. Resulting from a deep investigation on the spot, it dismounts the mechanisms of land promotion and of a built environement production in these zones, it presents the land captation, the construction process and the non regulated habitat typology
Thabet, Emna-Zina. „Le mythe de la terre chez les Arabes israéliens : entre mémoire collective et imaginaire national“. Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE5010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research focuses on the Arab Israeli minority and defines, through the lens of the postcolonial studies, the main characteristics of its national imaginary. A national imaginary is composed of collective representations that cover a wide range of shared elements of a community: its history of origins, its values, its social order and its defeats and constitutes a narrative in itself. The national imaginary is shaped by the intellectuals who pick popular and folkloric elements of the group history and culture and transmit them through three main vectors: the scientific discourse (history and geography), the literature and the figurative arts. The collective representations of the Arab citizens of Israel revolve mainly around the land. Are those an answer to the Sionist national narrative? And may the Arab Israeli national imaginary aspire to a place between two antagonistic narratives : the Palestinian and the Sionist ones?
Massis, Delphine-Jacqueline. „Étude comparative des termes de parenté : En Français et en Arabe“. Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA1009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCertain, Cassandre Mathilde Hélène. „Variabilité spatio-temporelle et expérimentale de la valeur fonctionnelle de cinq plantes halophytes de Nouvelle-Calédonie, candidates à l’agriculture biosaline“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nouvelle Calédonie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NCAL0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe global decrease of freshwaters and non-salinized lands around the world led to the development of saline crops worldwide, from halophyte plants, capable of grow and multiply in high salty environments. Based on intra-genera potentials, five halophytes from Amaranthaceae family drew attention to test their saline crop potential in New Caledonia: Suaeda maritima, Sarcocornia quinqueflora, Enchylaena tomentosa, Atriplex jubata and Salsola australis. The cultivation of such plants could encompass several biotechnological applications, belonging to the sectors of agri-foods, cosmetics, bioenergy or ecological restoration. Among these applications, the production of functional vegetables (rich in functional metabolites) from halophyte species is increasing worldwide. The scientific world has clearly established a link between salt tolerance of halophytes and their richness in functional metabolites (such as polyunsaturated fatty acids or antioxidants). But, the functional values of halophytes are assumed to be variable and dictated by their responses to environment (salt tolerance, nutrition, etc.). So, the study of such relationships is essential to define the local agronomic potential of potential future crop species. The present thesis work aimed to assess the potential of each of the five selected species as source of functional metabolites, as well as their functional variabilities according to environmental changes, whether natural or controlled. As such, it shows that the edible tissues of the five species have high functional values for essential minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants in comparison with dietary standards and with other functional vegetables. It also shows the relationships between the compositions for polyunsaturated fatty acid and essential elements in species and the spatio-temporal variations of their natural environment. Finally, it shows the relationships between the growth and the compositions for antioxidants and fatty acids in species and experimental treatments, combining different salinity and nitrogen forms.Ultimately, such results are intended to help the emergence of experimental saline crops at larger scale in New Caledonia, in particular trough recommendations of optimal cultivation practices. Thus, they support some objectives of agricultural local policy, such as the greening and the diversification of agriculture
Yang, Yuan. „Estudo de termos de origem Arabe na danca oriental“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570920.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl-Khoury, Tatiana Hamzé Hassan. „La Terminologie arabe de la greffe d'organes fonctionnement discursif et relations intra- et inter-termes /“. Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/el-khoury_t.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElsadig, Abdalla Osman. „Synonymes et problèmes méthodologique en terminologie technique et scientifique arabe : termes économiques et commerciaux“. Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030237.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe causes of the problem of multiplicity of synonyms in arabic techno-scientific terminology are numerous. However, lexical innovation shows that it is basically methodic differences regarding the use of the whole linguistic processes which create different terms used in a synonymic way to designate the same new things and concepts. Arab academicians classify these processes as follows : reactivation of old words; derivation; formation of compound words; semantic extension of existing words and lexical borrowing. The dialectal sources are to be included. Moreover, the influence of foreign languages, namely, frensh and english significantly contribute to the problem of synonyms. This influence appears mainly in borrowed words and semantic loans (or loan translation) which occur in an interlingual process as a result of languages contact where the plurality of foreign cultural sources lead to two different tendencies within the terminological activity in arabic language
Elsadig, Abdalla Osman. „Synonymes et problèmes méthodologiques en terminologie technique et scientifique arabe termes économiques et commerciaux /“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376048801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl-Khoury, Tatiana. „La Terminologie arabe de la greffe d'organes : fonctionnement discursif et relations intra- et inter-termes“. Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/el-khoury_t.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research work aims at studying the functioning of Arabic terms related to organ transplant. Our main interest is tackling expression and conceptualization modes through intra-and inter-term relations set within a large corpus of medical texts. Describing how terms work is essential for any terminological application representing medical knowledge in an ontological setting. This description must not favor one type of relation over another as this would cast a shadow over the multidimensional term realization which is built on both internal and external levels. Hence, we try to reflect, throughout this study, on the data provided by the Arabic medical discourse of organ transplant and to examine, on inter- and intra- term levels, various semantic and morpho-syntactic elements while focusing on four important issues: terminological units with adjectival extensions, terminological units with annective extensions, metaphors and loanwords. The choice of the issues covered in this work is neither random nor arbitrary: it was made based upon the lexicometric and textometric data obtained from the corpus of this study. As for the approach, it is a bottom-up inductive description, i. E. It starts with observing and extracting knowledge from the texts in order to establish classifications as a first step towards representing concepts and generalizing conclusions
Elouagagui, Elidrissi Latifa. „De la nostalgie de la terre promise à la nostalgie de la terre d'exil chez les Israëlins originaires du Maroc“. Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345109.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa disparition, constatée après coup, des Juifs du Maroc suscita bien des interrogations : les motivations de cette envolée étaient-elles de nature mystique ou sioniste ? Ou la conséquence de persécution ? Dans le Maroc des années 80, le mellah seul en montrait les vestiges et témoignait d'une existence révolue... Un passé proche et lointain gisant dans les mémoires de ceux pour qui le Juif fut du voisinage.
Dans le Maroc d'avant le Protectorat, la coexistence judéo-arabe donnait lieu à une organisation socio-économique que l'on peut, malgré tout, qualifier d'interdépendance. L'existence juive en société musulmane était reconnue nécessaire au plan économique. Il en découlait une coexistence dont la nature variait selon les périodes et les règnes entre symbiose et hostilité. Les corps de métiers qu'un musulman ne pouvait ou ne voulait faire étaient laissés aux Juifs depuis l'import-export jusqu'au commerce itinérant. Ce partage de fonction qui est perçu à la fois comme une discrimination et une répartition, comporte en soi l'ambiguïté du rapport juif-arabe. Cette ambiguïté embarrasse le travail du chercheur dans ce domaine. Que le Juif ne fut que toléré, soumis au statut discriminatoire, soit, il n'en demeure pas moins que sa présence était généralement reconnue nécessaire par le Musulman. Parallèlement, le sous-statut politique du Juif dans la société musulmane lui était une force permanente contre l'assimilation et pour le maintien d'un lien ancestral avec la terre antique. Le mellah qui symbolisait l'exclusion, permettait aussi à la communauté juive d'être un groupe social, politique, économique et culturel homogène, une micro-société dont l'identité religieuse se cultivait continuellement et rigoureusement en un ensemble de rites et de pratiques. La tradition véhiculait l'identité ; celle d'être juif, animée par une seule prière celle de retrouver la Terre Sainte.
Le fragile équilibre judéo-arabe, méconnu par ceux qui rêvent de coloniser l'Afrique du Nord (à partir du 19ème siècle), se déstabilise avec le Protectorat français (1912-1956) au Maroc. Par son idéologie colonialiste, ce dernier avance une politique éloignant encore plus les Juifs des Musulmans en exacerbant leurs différences religieuses et en affectant leurs rapports.
Le Maroc du Protectorat s'ouvre brutalement aux influences extérieures : invasion du capitalisme européen, réformes administratives et modernisme, causent une destruction accélérée des valeurs traditionnelles. La masse populaire s'appauvrit, faute de pouvoir suivre le rythme effréné de cette révolution, tandis que la jeunesse intellectuelle musulmane, privée de ses privilèges traditionnels, élabore des formes de lutte contre la mainmise étrangère sur son pays. La flamme naissante du nationalisme est attisée par la politique dite --berbère-- du Protectorat, dont le projet est de distinguer les berbères du peuple marocain par une possible conversion française et catholique. La lutte anti-coloniale trouve alors sa voie dans une identité islamique accrue qui attire les masses et rallie les leaders marocains aux luttes d'Orient.
Dans la communauté juive, l'effet du Protectorat est plus conséquent. Le processus d'occidentalisation attire une élite qui aspire à s'élever au niveau des Européens par le moyen de la langue et de la culture française, et veut légitimement s'affranchir du statut réducteur de la dhimma. Loin de la population de base qui subit le même sort que les musulmans, les privilégiés de la communauté juive s'écartent à la fois de la tradition religieuse véhiculant l'identité juive et des coutumes judéo-arabes séculaires. Cette distinction se traduit par l'instruction et l'éloignement géographique. La nouvelle classe juive européanisée abandonne l'usage de la langue vernaculaire au profit du français et laisse le mellah aux pauvres, non instruits, démunis.
Les tensions entre Juifs et Arabes en Palestine, affûtées par la Déclaration de Balfour (1917), alimentent, par effet sympathique, l'identité arabo-musulmane à laquelle s'identifient et adhèrent les nationalistes musulmans. Cette option éloigne la communauté juive de la scène politique et donc des perspectives marocaines d'avenir. Tandis que la masse musulmane est gagnée au combat, la masse juive continue, à l'écart des bouleversements politiques qui secouent le monde arabe, à rêver de la terre Promise et en cultiver la nostalgie. Nostalgie qui trouve son accomplissement à la déclaration de l'Etat d'Israël en 1948 et commence alors la 'aliya marocaine.
L'exil c'était la grande mémoire, la nostalgie mystique, l'errance et la précarité, le déracinement et l'affirmation du spirituel. L'ancrage marocain ne fut que de circonstance quand bien même il perdura tant et tant de générations, quand bien même les Juifs du Maroc y ont enterré la cohorte de leurs aïeux, créé des us et coutumes partagés, entretenus leurs chers cimetières, forgé leurs langues...et néanmoins le Maroc ne fut, spirituellement, qu'une terre d'attente, un lieu transitoire, un moindre mal dans l'adversité ?
Errance et précarité ne sont plus, mais qu'en-est-il de cette terre promise ? Une sève nourricière pour le corps et l'esprit, l'âme et le cœur, a-t-elle monté dans ce nouveau terreau où s'est accompli le réenracinement si longtemps différé ?
Dans le grand rassemblement se sont affrontées les composantes de la mémoire plurielle : lieux, mœurs, sentiments, perceptions sociétales, dénonçant au grand jour les lignes de partage, les diversités et les empreintes d'exils, faisant apparaître les disparités socio-théologico-politiques. Disparité que le sionisme, dans son aspiration à l'unité du peuple juif, projetait d'uniformiser et de dissoudre dans l'unicité. Projet qui ne parvint pas sans éviter aux Orientaux le déracinement culturel et la crise d'identité.
Envolés vers Israël à partir de 1948, les Juifs marocains rencontrent un modèle occidental établi par les pionniers issus du socialisme européen : les Ashkénazes. Très tôt, la population israélienne est divisée en deux classes ; les Ashkénazes, fondateurs du pays dont ils sont l'élite dirigeante, et leurs coreligionnaires récemment immigrés : les Orientaux, qui durant les vingt premières années de leurs vie israélienne en constitueront le prolétariat.
L'idéal messianique qui motivait la 'alya marocaine se heurte à la conception laïque de l'état israélien. Conception qui implique le rejet de l'héritage diasporique et du Juif de l'exil pour une nouvelle nation "normale" à l'image des sociétés occidentales évoluées. L'état, laïque, basé sur une représentation légitime du peuple juif, remplace l'identification religieuse par une identification nationale, statut inconnu des immigrants marocains à peine coupés de leur statut séculaire de minorité religieuse traditionnelle. Au judaïsme de condition succède un judaïsme d'élection et à l'organisation communautaire une organisation étatique complexe et hermétique aux nouveaux citoyens. Aux yeux des immigrés marocains, l'identité juive devait suffire à les intégrer en terre promise, mais une fois là, la mise en présence de différences notables concernant la pratique religieuse, la langue, les coutumes, la tradition, les disparités économiques, produisirent la désillusion du rêve sacré confronté à la réalité concrète : "Au Maroc, il était juif, juif de par l'héritage d'Abraham, d'Isaac et de Jacob, juif empêtré dans la sainte et sacré Loi de Moïse. (...) En Israël, il est devenu --ô farce du destin !- arabe".
De cette désillusion naquit la nostalgie, nostalgie de la nostalgie première, nostalgie de l'exil que certains auteurs (Ami Bouganim, Erez Bitton) chanteront sans cesse : "Elle chante l'exil, un embrun nostalgique autour de la voix, l'exil de Jérusalem, l'exil d'Espagne, l'exil du Maroc. (...) Elle passe d'une sérénade en espagnole à une chanson en français, d'une mélopée en arabe à un cantique en hébreu. (...)Sans cesse, les chants de Zohra reconstituent les décors fabuleux de son passé."
Reconstituer les décors du passé pour lutter contre l'oubli des morts et la dépersonnalisation des vivants. Retrouver une identité perdue au cours d'un processus d'assimilation qui imposait l'oubli du Juif de la diaspora et la renaissance de l'Hébreu moderne. Ainsi la mémoire retrouve son rôle ; celui de reconstituer une identité et une culture parallèle à l'identité et à la culture nationale israélienne. Et c'est par la mémoire maternelle d'abord que se réactive cette reconstitution, une mémoire domestique faite de coutumes ancestrales, d'odeur de cuisine, de rires, de petits devoirs, de jeu, de musique festives, de superstition et de rumeurs, de blagues en parler local...mémoire folklorique. Car la mère est le personnage de la tradition que le maelström de la 'alya a corrodé le moins.
C'est dans l'expression littéraire d'Israéliens issus du Maroc que pointe cette nostalgie avec des personnages qui ne se sentent pas dans une entité israélienne cohérente. Le parler, la culture, la mentalité exacerbent leurs différences et laissent agir leur particularisme.
Bien que ce soit une particularité historique, la formation de la société israélienne a subi les règles de l'immigration. Plus qu'ailleurs, le terrain israélien est celui qui, le mieux, se prête à l'examen des problèmes posés par l'immigration : intégration, acculturation, mélange ethnique, en tant qu'hypothèse du devenir des sociétés dans la mondialisation.
Azour, Ahmed. „Terminologie et traduction dans les domaines, économique, administratif et financier dans l'Union Européenne et dans les pays arabes : essai d'harmonisation des concepts et des termes“. Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aims to study the problem of harmonization of concepts, terms and objects in the enlarged European Union and the Arab countries. It focuses on three subject fields: economy, finance and administration.With 23 official languages and 27 countries pending a further enlargement in thefuture, Europe needs to harmonize the concepts to surpass the misinterpretations and distorted understandings. Every country has its administrative and economic systemon its own and that suits his society and its culture, and it is often, in this case ,that the understanding of the concepts problems arises.The Arab countries which focused on the Arabization of borrowings also face this problem, without forgetting the Euro- Mediterranean zone, today called Union for the Mediterranean (UPM).It is therefore a research focused on the study of the concepts and terms in the subject fields well determined. We have relied on ISO standards of terminology to help us tofind solutions to the harmonization problem of harmonization of concepts, terms in the enlarged European Union and the Arab countries
Declercq, Amandine. „L'océan environnant, aux confins de la terre : comparaison des perceptions grecque et arabe des limites du monde connu“. Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Ocean, both a physical entity and an intellectual concept, has assumed a fundamental role into the cosmogonic and cosmographic thought of various civilisations. Each culture that has formulated the idea of a kosmos' genesis from water or the concept of a surrounding Ocean has, however, formulated a particular image of the Ocean. What have been the specific conception and representation of Okeanos into Greek thought ? From the interpretation of archaïc poetry, which has contributed to the definition of the Ocean as a concept, Ancient Greeks have formulated an image of the world considered, since the classic period, as traditional by posterity. What have been the permanence and the mutations of this image from the VIth century B. C. To late Antiquity ? How did Arabic culture, settled since the VIIth century A. D. On the deeply hellenized territories of the Mediterranean area and Near East, received the cosmographic heritage of Hellenic culture ? This study exposes the development and the transmission of an image of the kosmos – and, through this image, the transmission of a conception related to the place of humanity into the kosmos – from greek archaïc poetry (VIIth century B. C. ) to the late mediaeval arabic compilations (XIVth century A. D. )
El, Mahdaouy Abdelkader. „Accès à l'information dans les grandes collections textuelles en langue arabe“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM091/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiven the amount of Arabic textual information available on the web, developing effective Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) has become essential to retrieve relevant information. Most of the current Arabic SRIs are based on the bag-of-words representation, where documents are indexed using surface words, roots or stems. Two main drawbacks of the latter representation are the ambiguity of Single Word Terms (SWTs) and term mismatch.The aim of this work is to deal with SWTs ambiguity and term mismatch. Accordingly, we propose four contributions to improve Arabic content representation, indexing, and retrieval. The first contribution consists of representing Arabic documents using Multi-Word Terms (MWTs). The latter is motivated by the fact that MWTs are more precise representational units and less ambiguous than isolated SWTs. Hence, we propose a hybrid method to extract Arabic MWTs, which combines linguistic and statistical filtering of MWT candidates. The linguistic filter uses POS tagging to identify MWTs candidates that fit a set of syntactic patterns and handles the problem of MWTs variation. Then, the statistical filter rank MWT candidate using our proposed association measure that combines contextual information and both termhood and unithood measures. In the second contribution, we explore and evaluate several IR models for ranking documents using both SWTs and MWTs. Additionally, we investigate a wide range of proximity-based IR models for Arabic IR. Then, we introduce a formal condition that IR models should satisfy to deal adequately with term dependencies. The third contribution consists of a method based on Distributed Representation of Word vectors, namely Word Embedding (WE), for Arabic IR. It relies on incorporating WE semantic similarities into existing probabilistic IR models in order to deal with term mismatch. The aim is to allow distinct, but semantically similar terms to contribute to documents scores. The last contribution is a method to incorporate WE similarity into Pseud-Relevance Feedback PRF for Arabic Information Retrieval. The main idea is to select expansion terms using their distribution in the set of top pseudo-relevant documents along with their similarity to the original query terms. The experimental validation of all the proposed contributions is performed using standard Arabic TREC 2002/2001 collection
Lteif, Carine. „L’agriculture de la région beyrouthine au prisme des terres waqf (Liban) : une géographie foncière des logiques agricoles“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the Mediterranean countries, agriculture linked to city knows various dynamics, between renewal and decline. In Lebanon, agriculture extends over small surface areas and is limited by steep terrain. Moreover, the country suffers from weak planning policies that do not address its agriculture, especially that found in urban contexts. Yet, agriculture persists in the city. In this thesis, we explore agriculture linked to the city in the light of a right that is specific to the Arab region, the waqf. We depart from the following hypothesis: waqf properties allow to maintain, if not to develop, agriculture related to the city. Adopting a multiscale approach, we examine agriculture on waqf at the level of sites, as well as production units, and draw a geography, rather a land geography based on agricultural actors’ logic or logiques agricoles in french.According to our results, waqf lands are quite present in the Beirut region. Agricultural waqf are more resilient- than private lands- to urbanization, especially when found on convent sites located in the peri-urban area of Beirut. If the objective underlying the constitution of a waqf is the immobilization of goods for usages generating revenues for pious actions, still we can distinguish different types of waqf: family, charitable but also religious waqf, especially Christian religious waqf, whose income is used to support the servants of the Church and the fulfillment of religious actions. Management of community waqf, abundant in the study area, differs among religious communities: it is centralized among Greek-orthodox, Sunnis and Catholics in the case of church waqf, and decentralized among Shiites and Catholics in the case of convent waqf. If agricultural leasing and sharecropping are possible on waqf lands, they are ruled by contracts extending over 3, 6, 9 years among Catholics, and varying according to the agricultural project among the Orthodox, which grants a greater land security than which found on private lands (annually renewed contracts). Various agricultural forms can be found on waqf: market gardening, fruit trees, breeding and processing (direct tenure by clergymen) but also hydroponics, nurseries and special crops (indirect tenure of lands, leasing), whereas on private lands we find market gardening and more and more nurseries. Identified agricultural logics show a revival of agriculture on waqf lands borrowing different trajectories and maintaining various links to the city.Finally, the waqf, despite their social vocation, do not appear as commons nor as private properties. They are rather driven by their own communitarian logic
Rodriguez, Mathieu. „La limite de plaque Inde-Arabie : Evolution structurale du Crétacé supérieur à l'Actuel et aléa tsunami associe“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946949.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuentes-Carrera, Julieta. „Politiques israéliennes d’aménagement du territoire et nation genèse : quelle lecture géopolitique de la région allant de la Méditerranée au Jourdain ? : un pays neuf sur une terre ancienne“. Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA084154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to show from the geopolitical point of view the connections existing between the processes of Nation-building intrinsic to Israel and the Israeli planning policies in the region going from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River. This approach is an analysis of the way territory contributes through its planning to build an Israeli Nation and shapes the inter jewish national identities. The approach raises the question of a plausible normalization of Israel as a State-Nation, if it is understood as a way of “making territory”, of living in it, and from there, as a way of building a Nation. This work attempts to establish a genealogy of Israeli planning policies and strategies, and to venture beyond the conflict representation and the Yishuvim versus Hitnahaluyot myth. It also attempts to set a genealogy of inter jewish identities specific to Israel and to outline the inclusion and exclusion limits of the Israeli Nation beyond juridical, religious or sociological matters. Whether in Israel or in the West Bank the question arises: how to become a native without becoming oriental?
Boulaknadel, Siham. „Traitement Automatique des Langues et Recherche d'Information en langue arabe dans un domaine de spécialité : Apport des connaissances morphologiques et syntaxiques pour l'indexation“. Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00479982.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBadinjki, Oubayda. „Histoire de la civilisation ancienne du monde arabe. Les figurines masculines en terre cuite en Syrie et au Liban au Néolithique et aux âges du Bronze. Etudes de cas“. Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhy male figurines? Because archaeologists specializing in terracotta have generally targeted zoomorphic figurines and, among anthropomorphic figurines, representations of women. Until now, there is no exhaustive and detailed catalog of terracotta male models. In this vast field of investigation, I have selected two periods : Prehistory, to go back to the origins and think about the creation of terracotta male figurines, and the Bronze Age, the apogee time for this type of production. This thesis deals so with the study of terracotta male figurines (modeled figurines, molded figures and molds). The objective of this study is to make a corpus of terracotta male figurines, because there is no satisfactory body of work, to classify them, to analyze them technically, artistically, and to interpret them, and finally publishing the unpublished figures preserved in the Louvre Museum.The research problems are the following : the figurines were used as toys, as decorative elements in homes, or as amulets? Should they be related to religious customs or rites? How can one interpret the discovery of male figurines in temples? in tombs and houses, whatever thetechnique that has allowed them to spread, the general question is always the same : for what purpose did the craftsman or the user make them? The answers vary according to the chronology, since the subject covers a very long period. According to the places and archaeological contexts and of course depending on the typology, because male figures may have different positions (sitting/standing), different gestures, different types of clothing, attributes (especially weapons). Researchers have proposed a wide variety of choices, sometimes on a hypothetical basis, ethnographic comparisons, and reconciliation with literary, artistic or funerary traditions. Undoubtedly, whatever the role of these figurines, they were considered important objects in everyday life during the Neolithic period, such as pottery, stone tools and other "utilitarian" objects, and important objects, especially in religious and magical activities, during the Bronze Age
Bourmaud, Philippe. „"Ya doktor" : devenir médecin et exercer son art en "Terre sainte", une expérience du pluralisme médical dans l'Empire ottoman finissant (1871-1918)“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbdallah, Abil. „Les stratégies linguistiques de politesse et la transaction commerciale sur la place d'un souk d'Agadir : une approche en ethnographie de la communication, exemples d'échanges en arabe marocain“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoreno, Cyrille. „Analyse littérale des termes dîn et islâm dans le Coran : dépassement spirituel du religieux et nouvelles perspectives exégétiques“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur research examines from a theoretical and critical point of view the contemporary hermeneutics and shows that all comprehension of a text is not necessarily an interpretation. Our study then models a textual non-hermeneutic approach and the innovative concept of the literal meaning and then proposes a rational methodology called The Literal Analysis of the Qur’ân allowing the intratextual resolution of this literal meaning in Qur’ân by the Qur’ân. This algorithm takes into account the totality of the semantic elements and the intratextual and intertextual relations as well as the limits of involving the latter. We have then made a comprehensive analysis of the key terms dîn and islâm in the Qur’ân. The results radically differ from known productions and, besides the implications on the history of the Qur’ân and its real ties with Islam, they reveal novel paradigms of an inclusive qur’anic theology and a new exegetical perspective
Jochaud, du Plessix Caroline. „La norme en Terre sainte : le système européen face à la solution de deux Etats (1973-2012)“. Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we bring up the concept of European System in Foreign Policy (ESFP) as a pertinent tool to analyze the European Foreign Policy as it actually functions rather than as it should function. The ESFP – composed of the Member States’ foreign policies and the External action of the EU – highlights the dynamism of the European governance in foreign policy, which arises from the interactions between the agents of this system and their use of the European norms. Through the ESFP, we demonstrate that the EU’s common policy towards the two-State solution can be explained by the usages of the EU in foreign policy by France, Germany and the United-Kingdom – the EU3. These strategic usages are threefold: a functional or reflexive, a realist and a normative usage. We show that the adoption and the promotion of the two-State solution result from the way they seize upon the EU in order to cope with a difficult international context, since the Declaration of Copenhagen in 1973 to the vote at the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2012 concerning the new status of Palestine. The introduction and test of several foreign policy tools, as the position of special envoy in 1996, illustrate the functional usage of the EU. The normative and realist usages of the EU towards the Palestinians explain the adoption of constraining financial and political norms reflecting the common interests of the EU3. These same usages allow them to promote the recognition of the State of Israel on the one hand, and on the other hand, to privilege their strategic interests with Israel at the bilateral level through the expression of a political linkage at the community level
Lefrancq, Marie. „Transport and attenuation of pesticides in runoff from agricultural headwater catchments : from field characterisation to modelling“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037928.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGhazzawi, Nizar. „Du terme prédicatif au cadre sémantique : méthodologie de compilation d'une ressource terminologique pour les termes arabes de l'informatique“. Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe description of terms in traditional terminological resources is limited to certain details, such as the term (which is usually a noun), its definition, and its equivalent. This description seldom takes into account other details, which can be of high importance for the users, especially if they consult resources to enhance their knowledge of the domain, to improve professional writing, or to find contexts where the term is realized. The information that might be useful includes the description of the actantial structure of the terms, contexts from authentic resources and the inclusion of other parts of speech such as verbs. Verbs and deverbal nouns, or predicative terminological units (PTUs), which are often ignored by traditional terminology, are of great importance especially for expressing actions, processes or events. But the description of these units requires a model of terminological description that takes into account their special features. Some terminologists (Condamines 1993, Mathieu-Colas 2002, Gross et Mathieu-Colas 2001 et L’Homme 2012, 2015) proposed description models based on different theoretical frameworks. Our research consists of proposing a methodology of terminological description of PTUs of the Arabic language, in particular Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), according to the theory of Frame Semantics of Fillmore (1976, 1977, 1982, 1985) and its application, the FrameNet project (Ruppenhofer et al. 2010). The specialized domain in which we are interested is computing. In our research, we compiled a corpus that we collected from online material and we based our method on an existing online terminological resource called the DiCoInfo (L’Homme 2008) in our pursuit to compile our own. Our objectives are the following. First, we will lay the foundations of an MSA version of the aforementioned resource. This version has its own features: 1) we target specific units, namely verbal and deverbal PTUs; 2) the developed methodology for the compilation of the original DiCoInfo should be adapted to take into account a Semitic language. Afterwards, we will create a framed version of this resource. In this version, we organize the PTUs in semantic frames according to the model of FrameNet. Since this frame version has a multilingual dimension, we add English and French PTUs to the resource. Our methodology consists of automatically extracting the verbal and nominal terminological units (VTUs and NTUs) such as Ham~ala (حمل) (download). To do this, we integrated the MSA to an existing automatic extractor, TermoStat (Drouin 2004). Then, with the help of terminological validation criteria, we validate the terminological status of the candidates. After the validation, we create terminological files with an XML editor for each VTU and NTU. These files contain elements, such as the actantial structure of the PTUs and up to 20 annotated contexts. The last step consists of creating semantic frames from the MSA PTUs. We also associate English and French PTUs to the created frames. This association resulted in the creation of a second terminological resource called “DiCoInfo: A Framed Version”. In this resource, the PTUs that share the same semantic features and actantial structures are organized in semantic frames. For example, the semantic frame Product_development groups PTUs such as Taw~ara (طور) (develop), to develop and développer. As a result of our methodology, we obtained a total of 106 PTUs in MSA compiled in the MSA version of DiCoInfo and 57 semantic frames associated to these units in the framed version. Our research shows that the MSA can be described using the methodology that we set up.