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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Terre de Labour“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Terre de Labour"
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Dicko, Gaoussou, Aboubakar Bengaly und Sadio Ballo. „Effets des pratiques agricoles sur l'érosion hydrique en zone soudanienne du Mali (station de l’IPR/IFRA de Katibougou)“. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, Nr. 1 (08.06.2022): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i1.29.
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La recherche d’indicateurs pour une agriculture durable est un facteur indispensable pour la sécurité alimentaire au Mali. Cette étude visait à tester l’effet de trois systèmes de culture sur l’érosion hydrique. L’essai a été entrepris sur un dispositif expérimental d’érosion de type Wischmeier à l’IPR/IFRA de Katibougou au Mali, sous pluies naturelles sur un sol ferrugineux tropical. Le dispositif était constitué de trois blocs sur 100 m2 par parcelle élémentaire. Chaque bloc était composé de cinq traitements (témoin nu, témoin régional, fréquence limitée du labour, travail minimum du sol et jachère améliorée). A chaque averse de pluie, la lame ruisselée et la pluviométrie étaient mesurées pour les calculs du coefficient de ruissellement et de la perte en terre. Les pertes en terre sur les parcelles de : travail régional, fréquence limitée du labour, travail minimum du sol et la parcelle nue étaient respectivement de 29,39 t.ha-1, 30,65 t ha-1, 21,15 t.ha-1 et 33,8 t.ha-1. Les résultats ont montré que le travail minimum du sol conserve le sol et les eaux par la réduction du ruissellement et des pertes de terre sur un sol ferrugineux tropical.
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Berque, Augustin. „La terre et la Terre : une question d'échelle, une question de devoir“. Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 43, Nr. 1 (2018): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.2018.7190.
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La modernité évolue essentiellement dans le sens d’une déterrestration en rompant les liens entre l’Humanité et la terre (le sol) d’une part, la Terre (la planète) d’autre part, entraînant ainsi une dégradation des sols – du point de vue pédologique et anthropologique, avec «la fin des paysans » – et de la planète (avec la dite ère de l’Anthropocène, qui mène à la sixième extinction de la vie sur Sol III), à laquelle elle entend remédier en s’appuyant sur le moment structurel (couplage dynamique) du Transhumanisme et de la Géo-ingénierie. Nous devrions au contraire retisser nos liens terrestres en convertissant, d’une part, l’agriculture intensive en permaculture et en culture écologique – comme l’agriculture naturelle (shizen nôhô 自 然 農 法 ) de Fukuoka, qui est l’exacte opposée de l’agronomie moderne, prônant les quatre principes «sans labour, sans engrais, sans pesticides, sans désherbage » –, et, corrélativement, prendre soin de l’environnement et de la biodiversité en général au lieu de les gaspiller. Il s’agit d’un choix non seulement technique, mais également moral, qui appelle à dépasser les fondements ontologiques et logiques mêmes de la modernité : le dualisme et la loi du tiers exclu. L’adhésion indéfectible à la profession de foi moderne du cogito («Je connus de là que j’étais une substance dont toute l’essence ou la nature n’est que de penser, et qui pour être n’a besoin d’aucun lieu ni ne dépend d’aucune chose matérielle » ), qui contribue à séparer notre être à la fois de la terre et de la Terre, pourrait tôt ou tard entraîner l’extinction de notre espèce sur Sol III.
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Uchitel, Alexander. „Land-Tenure in Mycenaean Greece and the Hittite Empire: Linear B Land-surveys from Pylos and Middle Hittite Land-Donations“. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 48, Nr. 4 (2005): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852005774918787.
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AbstractThe article is a comparative study of Mycenaean Greek and Hittite land-tenure systems. It is based upon a systematic comparison of two groups of documents: land-registers (the so-called E-series) from Pylos and Middle Hittite land-donations. The traditional interpretation of both Mycenaean Greek and Hittite documents is challenged and alternative interpretations are offered. Thus, on the Mycenaean side, the construction with the preposition pa-ro is reinterpreted, and on the Hittite side an entirely new interpretation of a Hittite expression pir-sahhanas is offered. Both land-tenure systems are interpreted as two manifestations of compulsory labour service of small landholders attached to large agricultural estates. Cet article est une étude comparative des systèmes de tenue de la terre dans la Grèce mycénienne et l'empire hittite. Elle est fondée sur une comparaison systématique de deux groupes de documents : les registres de la terre (appelés la série E) de Pylos et les donations de terre moyenne hittite. L'interprétation traditionnelle des documents mycénien et hittite est ici remise en question et une nouvelle explication est offerte. Ainsi, du côté mycénien, la construction avec la préposition pa-ro est réinterprétée, et du côté hittite une interprétation entièrement nouvelle de l'expression pir-sahhanas est proposée. Les deux systèmes de tenue de la terre sont interprétés comme deux manifestations d'un service de travail obligatoire dus par des petits propriétaires attachés à des grandes propriétés agricoles.
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Macombe, Catherine. „Is an alternative to private property durable in agriculture?“ Economia agro-alimentare, Nr. 1 (Mai 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag1-2021oa11350.
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The desire for sustainability calls for new development paths for the agricultural sector. Some suggest creating small to medium size farms, performing agricultural practices that preserve ecosystems, are labour intensive and connected to local markets. New farmers are a necessity in many rural areas, yetthe main obstacle to the settlement of newcomers is access to land. This research suggests an alternative to private property of land, such as experienced by the Foncière Solidaire created by the association «Terre de Liens» in France, which collectively buys land (13,500 shareholders, end of 2019) to lease themto new farmers under long-term basis. The research question is therefore: "Is this alternative to private property of land durable?" Here, durability means the permanence of farms, despite the on-going upheavals. We suggest that the values are the key, and that values leading to everlastingness describe aconception of Justice. To identify whether or not the values describe a conception of Justice in practice, the discourses should be consistent with the six axioms of the Grammar of Justice by Boltanski and Thévenot (1991) when implemented to a Local Common Good (Thévenot, 1993). The whole movement cannot last without the association Terre de Liens being permanent itself. We will highlight that the discourse(official communication) of the Terre de Liens association calls on Justice, being consistent with the six axioms. We also underpin that the main challenges are the evolution of regulations, and especially the European laws and French annual financial laws, which set the rules for fiscal exonerations and drive agricultural practices. Whatever these evolutions, it is likely that the association would achieve permanence because of the high number of actors (communes searching for farmers, applicants to taking or transferring farms, donors, shareholders) who are federated around its "Fair" raison d'être. Yes, there is a potential for durable alternative to land private property in agriculture.
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Cheianu-Andrei, D. „Children’s opinion about the migration of their parents (the case of the Republic of Moldova)“. Ukrainian Society 84, Nr. 1 (26.04.2023): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2023.01.100.
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To develop effective social policies and social services for children left behind by migration in the communities, it is necessary to know the specific needs of children affected by migration and deprived of their family members’ care. The article offers the opinion of children left behind from the Republic of Moldova about their parents’ migration and, indirectly, how international migration influences modern families. Also, the article presents the impact of parents’ migration on children and children’s opinions on how to mitigate negative consequences. To do this, the author used the primary data collected from children left behind migration in the European Union project CASTLE (Children left behind as a result of labour migration: supporting Moldovan and Ukrainian transnational families in the European Union), coordinated by the Babeș-Bolyai University and the Terre des hommes Romania Foundation in collaboration with Terre des hommes Moldova and the Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova. The data were collected through individual in-depth interviews (4 interviews conducted by child researchers and two by adult researchers) and focus group discussions (2 discussions moderated by adult researchers). The research results highlight children’s perception of migration, including their attitude towards parents’ migration, the communication with their absent parents, the psychosocial effects, and the migration impact on children’s physical and mental health, suggestions of children left behind by migration to peers in a similar situation, including authorities of the Republic of Moldova. The research reveals that peers and sometimes teachers do not understand children left behind. A support network for these children is less developed, proving the necessity to undertake new measures within the educational institution to reduce the negative impact.
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Laval, Geraud, N. D. Khanna und Bernard Faye. „Une typologie des systèmes d'élevage camelin dans les districts de Bikaner et de Jaisaimer au Rajasthan, Inde“. Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 51, Nr. 2 (01.02.1998): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9641.
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Cent quatre-vingt-seize chameliers ont été interrogés dans 23 villages accessibles par route dans les districts de Bikaner et de jaisalmer au Rajasthan de juillet à septembre 1997. Les questions ont concerné la gestion de l'élevage camelin et l'utilisation des animaux. Les méthodes et les paramètres discriminants ont été identifiés par des analyses multivariées classiques utilisant le logiciel SPAD et assignés à des classes déterminées en vue de réaliser une typologie des systèmes d'élevage. Cinq classes d'activités et de revenus des propriétaires de dromadaire ont été identifiées : fermiers riches (47 %), fermiers modestes (25 %), activités d'élevage prépondérante (19 %), grandes familles (6 %) et éleveurs pauvres sans terre (3 %). Quatre classes de structure des troupeaux on été déterminées : troupeaux de taille moyenne (40 %), grands troupeaux pluriespèces (28 %), troupeaux mâles uniquement (27 %) et troupeaux femelles uniquement (5 %). Six classes d'objectifs ont été observées : charrette pour la ferme et la location (32 %), charrette à usage fermier uniquement (19 %), commerce des chameaux (19 %), chameaux destinés aux travaux de labour et/ou sous-utilisés (13 %), chameaux pour multi-usage (11 %), revenus provenant d'abord du commerce des chameaux et secondairement de la charrette (6 %).
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Hornby, Ross. „State Immunity. Re Canada Labour Code: A Common Sense Solution to the Commercial Activity Exception“. Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 30 (1992): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800005154.
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SommaireDans l’affaire Re Code canadien du travail, [1992] 2 R.C.S. 3, la Cour suprême du Canada interprétait pour la première fois la Loi sur l’immunité des États, L.R.C. 1985, ch. S-18. Cette loi fédérale, adoptée en 1982, codifie la théorie restrictive de l’immunité de juridiction des tribunaux du droit international coutumier. Elle établit une règle générale de l’immunité, à laquelle s’applique cependant un certain nombre d’exceptions, notamment l’exception de l’activité commerciale.L’affaire opposait les États-Unis d’Amérique et l’Alliance de la fonction publique du Canada. Ce syndicat demandait l’accréditation à titre d’agent négociateur des civils canadiens travaillant comme personnes de métier pour la marine américaine à la base d’Argentia, à Terre-Neuve. En donnant raison aux États-Unis, la Cour a toutefois évité d’interpréter de façon trop étroite l’exception de l’activité commerciale comme le réclamait l’appelant (les États-Unis).Rejetant toute “distillation antiseptique afin de qualifier une fois pour toute l’activité en question, quel qu’en soit l’objet,” la Cour dans l’arrêt majoritaire a opté pour une méthode contextuelle, faisant de la “nature” d’un acte, ainsi que son “objet” des facteurs pertinents dans l’application de l’exception de l’activité commerciale. Soucieuse d’aller au-dela de ce débat souvent stérile sur la “nature” et l“objet” d’une activité, la Cour a évalué l’impact de la non-immunité sur l’État étranger, essayant de concilier l’intérêt de ce dernier avec l’intérêt du public dans la juridiction de nos tribunaux.La majorité a insisté sur la complexité des relations de travail des employés canadiens de la base faisant d’abord ressortir le fait qu’il s’agissait à la fois d’activités commerciales et d’activités souveraines de l’État. Elle a jugé que le fait pour les États-Unis de recruter localement du personnel d’entretien constituait une activité commerciale, et que par conséquent, les employés canadiens avaient le droit de demander aux tribunaux de faire respecter leur contrat de travail. Reconnaissant que l’application des dispositions du Code canadien du travail risqueraient de perturber les opérations militaire de la base, la majorité a toutefois reconnu l’immunité des États-Unis à l’égard de la gestion et du contrôle de l’emploi à la base.Les dissidents ont mis en doute l’incidence du Code canadien du travail sur les activités militaires de la base et se seraient opposés à ce qu on fasse droit à la demande d’immunité du gouvernement américain. Ils ont cependant convenu avec la majorité que la façon dont la loi définit l’exception de l’activité commerciale ne s’opposait pas à l’examen de l’objet d’une activité et que le tribunal devait donc tenir compte de l’ensemble du contexte dans lequel elle s’est déroulée.
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Little, J. I. „Confronting Rural Localism: The Good Roads Movement in Quebec's Eastern Townships, 1897–1920“. Histoire sociale / Social History 57, Nr. 117 (Mai 2024): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/his.2024.a928523.
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Abstract: The Good Roads Movement originated in the United States in the early 1890s, expanding to Ontario then Quebec soon afterward. Fostered by urban interests, its original aim was to convince rural municipalities to replace seasonal dirt roads with "permanent" roads constructed either with gravel or crushed stone. The promise to farmers was that their lives would be improved by greater access to markets, churches, and schools, as well as by less wear and tear on their horses and vehicles, among other benefits. Reformers claimed that the chief obstacle they faced was the long-entrenched system of seasonal statute labour, which they wished to replace with a more centralized system of contractors under the supervision of municipal overseers. But rural ratepayers in the Eastern Townships, as elsewhere in North America, resisted paying a money tax as well as surrendering direct control over their neighbourhood roads. Many rural municipalities adhered to statute labour until the rise of the automobile shortly before the First World War motivated the provincial government to begin shifting its focus toward the construction of hard-surface routes for the use of mostly urban motorists and tourists. Abstract: Le mouvement Good Roads trouve son origine aux États-Unis au début des années 1890 et se répand rapidement en Ontario puis au Québec. Encouragé par des intérêts urbains, son objectif initial était de convaincre les municipalités rurales de remplacer les chemins de terre saisonniers par des routes « permanentes » construites avec du gravier ou de la pierre concassée. La promesse faite aux agriculteurs était que leur vie serait améliorée par un meilleur accès aux marchés, aux églises et aux écoles, ainsi que par une moindre usure de leurs chevaux et de leurs véhicules, parmi d'autres avantages. Les réformateurs soutiennent que le principal obstacle auquel ils sont confrontés tient au système bien ancré du travail statuaire saisonnier, qu'ils souhaitent remplacer par un système plus centralisé constitué de contractants sous la supervision des surveillants municipaux. Cependant, les contribuables ruraux des Cantons de l'Est, comme ailleurs en Amérique du Nord, résistent au paiement d'une taxe monétaire et à l'abandon du contrôle direct sur les routes de leur voisinage. De nombreuses municipalités rurales ont adhéré au travail statuaire jusqu'à ce que l'essor de l'automobile, peu avant la Première Guerre mondiale, incite le gouvernement provincial à commencer à s'orienter sur la construction de routes à revêtement dur à l'usage des automobilistes et des touristes principalement urbains.
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Fousséni, Gbadamassi, Ouorou Barre F. Imorou, Gbadamassi Massouhoudou und Vodounou Jean Bosco. „Modélisation Territoriale des Types de Labour dans le Bassin Versant d’Affon-Donga au Bénin“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, Nr. 13 (30.04.2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n13p168.
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L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’effet d’un programme thérapeutique de développement des compétences psychosociales (émotivocognitivo-comportemental) sur la diminution du comportement hostile et la capacité de régulation des émotions chez des avocats adhérents à l’association Tunisienne de fierté et dignité. Cette adhésion nous a permis de trouver un échantillon accessible au travail. L’échantillon de l’étude comptait 120 avocats ayant un degré élevé d’hostilité selon le questionnaire de l’hostilité, âgés de 25 à 60 ans. Les participants ont été randomisés dans un programme de vingt-deux séances de 120 minutes de psychothérapie basée sur la régulation du comportement hostile avec ses différentes composantes (émotionnelles, cognitives et comportementales). Les participants du groupe témoin n’ont pas participé au programme. La mesure principale était d’évaluer le programme de développement des compétences psychosociales (variable indépendante), le comportement hostile (variable dépendante, évaluée par l’échelle d’Hostilité et la capacité de régulation des émotions (variable médiatrice). Les principaux effets du programme proposé dans cette étude étaient efficaces. Les séances ont permis de contrôler et de diminuer significativement le comportement hostile, ainsi que d’améliorer la capacité de régulation des émotions chez les avocats participants à la recherche.
L’élaboration d’une politique de gestion durable des terres agricoles par les décideurs s’avère d’une importance capitale pour les agriculteurs. La territorialisation de l’agriculture doit être vulgarisée suite à l’identification des terres aptes à l’agriculture durable. La présente étude vise à élaborer un modèle territorial des types de labour dans le bassin versant d’Affon-Donga (au Bénin) pour une pérennisation des terres en vue d’asseoir une agriculture durable. L’usage du modèle RUSLE a permis de localiser les secteurs exposés à l’érosion hydrique dans ledit bassin versant. La carte issue du modèle RUSLE, la carte d’épaisseur du sol et la carte d’occupation du sol ont été utilisées comme facteurs dans le modèle de superposition pondéré pour déterminer les zones aptes aux différents types de labour. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que 13,45 % de la superficie du bassin versant représente les sols relativement profonds où tout type de labour est possible ; 17,92 % du bassin versant correspond aux sols aptes au labour en billons perpendiculaires à la pente pour éviter considérablement l’érosion hydrique ; 56,17 % du bassin versant représente les sols aptes au labour en planches perpendiculaires à la pente pour pratiquer les cultures maraîchères uniquement dans les bas-fonds et 12,45 % du bassin versant représente les sols qui ne sont pas destinés aux labours. Pourtant, la production des fourrages y est possible. Pour la pérennité des terres agricoles, le modèle de la territorialisation des types de labour permet aux décideurs d’orienter les agriculteurs sur les terres agricoles aptes.
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Izquierdo Ramírez, Beatriz, Julia Shershneva und Patricia Campelo Martínez. „¿Es el empleo un factor clave para el asentamiento de población? Una aproximación sociolaboral a la inmigración extranjera en el medio rural vasco (España) / / / \ \ \ Is employment a key factor for demographic settling down? A socio- occupational approach to foreign migration in basque rural areas (Spain)“. TERRA: Revista de Desarrollo Local, Nr. 9 (29.12.2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/terra.9.21791.
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Resumen: Este artículo analiza la presencia de la población extranjera en las zonas rurales vascas con el objetivo de conocer su perfil sociodemográfico y laboral, y valorar la sostenibilidad de su proyecto migratorio, que resulta oscilante según el ciclo económico. Para ello, el estudio examina los principales rasgos de este colectivo e incorpora algunas comparativas con el colectivo de extranjeros residente en las zonas urbanas vascas con el propósito de conocer si existen rasgos diferenciales. Con esta misma finalidad se contrasta la situación laboral de la población rural extranjera, y el rural total. La aproximación metodológica que se utiliza recurre a la explotación estadística confeccionada ad-hoc para este trabajo. Los resultados muestran que la población extrajera presenta un gran potencial para el frenar el despoblamiento y rejuvenecer las zonas rurales en declive. Se trata de un colectivo joven, equilibrado según el género, y con una elevada presencia de la generación soporte. Sin embargo, el análisis también refleja un mercado de trabajo segmentado según el origen de la población que es, además, desigual en cuanto a las condiciones laborales y las actividades que ocupan los trabajadores extranjeros. Una situación que puede desequilibrar la sostenibilidad de su estancia a largo plazo
Palabras clave: Población extranjera, medio rural, migración laboral, País Vasco.
Abstract: This paper analyses the presence of international migrant population in the Basque rural areas for the last two decades with the aim of understand their sociodemographic and labour profile, and estimate the sustainability of their migration project which might fluctuate depending on the economic cycle. For that, the research studies the main characteristics of this group and adds some comparisons with the international migrants living in Basque urban areas with the purpose of knowing if there are distinguishing features. Having in mind the same purpose, the labour situation of rural international migrant population is compared with the rural overall ones. The methodological approach focuses on a statistical analysis that has been elaborated ad hoc for this research. The results show that international migrant population presents a huge potential for reversing depopulation and revitalizing the most declining rural areas. They became a group with a significant presence of support generation, being young and gender balanced. However, the analysis also reflects a segmented labour market depending on the origin of population which is, besides, unequal in labour conditions and regarding the working activities foreign population occupy. A situation that might unbalances the sustainability of a longer term stay.
Key words: International migration, rural areas, labour migration, Basque Country
Dissertationen zum Thema "Terre de Labour"
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Pepe, Armando. „Conflit civil dans le Midi de l’Italie à l'aube du Risorgimento : le cas de la Terre de Labour (1806-1825)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALH017.
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La thèse de doctorat d'Armando Pepe s’intitule « Conflit civil dans le sud de l’Italie à l’aube du Risorgimento : le cas de la Terre de Labour (1806-1825) » et vise à enquêter sur la lutte contre le brigandage tant à l’époque napoléonienne, pendant la Décennie française, qu’au cours de la première Restauration Bourbon.En ce qui concerne la période napoléonienne, apparaissent de nombreux brigands, certains connus, comme Fra’ Diavolo, d’autres moins connus sinon inconnus, comme Vincenzo Matera, de Viticuso, les cousins Saltarelli, de Castelforte, et les frères Giannantonio, originaires de Guardiaregia, dans le Comté du Molise, mais fortement opérationnels des deux côtés des montagnes du Matese.Aux brigands s’opposèrent des hommes tenaces, comme le capitaine Antonio Acciaioli, commandant des gardes civiques provinciales du district de Venafro, tué dans une embuscade avec seize gardes par Vincenzo Matera, Benedetto Panetta et d’autres brigands.De nombreux soldats d’origine corse participèrent activement à la lutte contre le brigandage, dont le major Natale Amici, engagé dans les zones montagneuses de la Terre de Labour, notamment dans la chaîne des Mainarde.Les journaux de guerre de 1806 du général français Antoine Girardon, restitués pour la première fois en transcription, constituent la suite de ceux, datant de 1799, déjà publiés par Critelli et Segarini. Le général Girardon contracta le paludisme dans les marais de Minturno et mourut en 1806.On voit explicitement dans la thèse le rôle joué par l’Armée française dans la lutte contre le brigandage et les directives données par le ministre Antoine-Christophe Saliceti, qui a suivi la situation au quotidien.Non moins intéressantes sont les initiatives prises après le retour de la dynastie des Bourbons sur le trône pour réprimer le brigandage, notamment dans les zones frontalières avec l’État pontifical, où opérait la bande de Michele Macaro, connu sous le nom de « Mezzapenta ».La thèse se déroule en six chapitres en plus des conclusions.Par commodité, la division en chapitres est rapportée : 1) Chapitre I, Le Royaume de Naples entre la Révolution et la Restauration (1799-1825) ; 2) Chapitre II, Brigands de l’époque napoléonienne dans la zone de juridiction de la Commission Militaire de Castellone (Nord de la Terre de Labour, 1806) ; 3) Chapitre III, Les actions de brigandage de l’époque napoléonienne dans la zone de juridiction de la Commission militaire de Capoue (Sud de la Terre de Labour, 1807-1810) ; 4) Chapitre IV, Une tentative de coordination entre États : extraditions de brigands et enjeux diplomatiques avec l’État pontifical et avec le Premier Empire français (1806-1811) ; 5) Chapitre V, Les bandes de brigands de l’époque napoléonienne dans la zone de juridiction de la Commission militaire de Capoue (1807-1810) ; 6) Chapitre VI, Le brigandage pendant la deuxième Restauration des Bourbons (1815-1825).Viennent ensuite les conclusions. La thèse est accompagnée de cinq cartes géographiques, de 215 annexes, presque toutes inédites, et d’index des noms de personnes et de lieuxArmando Pepe’s doctoral thesis is entitled «Civil conflict in Southern Italy at the dawn of the Risorgimento: the case of Terra di Lavoro (1806-1825)» and aims to investigate the fight against brigandage both in Napoleonic, during the French Decade, and during the first Bourbon Restoration.As regards the Napoleonic period, numerous brigands appear, some known, such as Fra’ Diavolo, others less known if not unknown, such as Vincenzo Matera, from Viticuso, the Saltarelli cousins, from Castelforte, and the Giannantonio brothers, from Guardiaregia, in Molise earldom, but strongly operational on both sides of the Matese mountains.The brigands were opposed by tenacious men, such as Captain Antonio Acciaioli, commander of the provincial civic guards of the Venafro district, killed in an ambush together with sixteen guards by Vincenzo Matera, Benedetto Panetta and other brigands.Many soldiers of Corsican origin actively participated in the fight against banditry, including Major Natale Amici, who were engaged in the mountainous areas of Terra di Lavoro, especially in the Mainarde chain.The war diaries of 1806 of the French general Antoine Girardon are returned in transcription for the first time, which constitute the sequel to those, dating back to 1799, already published by Critelli and Segarini. General Girardon contracted malaria in the Minturno marshes and died in 1806.We can explicitly see the role played by the French army in combating brigandage and the directives given by the minister Antoine-Christophe Saliceti, who monitored the situation daily.No less interesting are the initiatives taken upon the return of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne to repress brigandage, particularly in the border areas with the Papal State, where the group of Michele Macaro, known as «Mezzapenta», operated.The thesis is divided into six chapters in addition to the conclusions.For convenience, the division into chapters is reported: 1) Chapter I, the Kingdom of Naples between the Revolution and the Restoration (1799-1825); 2) Chapter II, Brigands of the Napoleonic era in the area of jurisdiction of the Military Commission of Castellone (North of Terra di Lavoro, 1806); 3) Chapter III, The brigandage actions of the Napoleonic era in the area of jurisdiction of the Military Commission of Capua (South of Terra di Lavoro, 1807-1810); 4) Chapter IV, An attempt at coordination between states: extraditions of brigands and diplomatic issues with the Papal State and with the First French Empire (1806-1811); 5) Chapter V, The groups of brigands of the Napoleonic era in the area of jurisdiction of the Military Commission of Capua (1807-1810); 6) Chapter VI, Brigandage during the second Bourbon Restoration (1815-1825).Then the Conclusions follow. The thesis is accompanied by geographical maps, 215 appendices, almost all unpublished, and indexes of places and names of person
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Gregory, Terry [Verfasser], und Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Möller. „Rising labour market inequality: Regional disparities and wage-setting institutions / Terry Gregory. Betreuer: Joachim Möller“. Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068055995/34.
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Joaquim, Bianca dos Santos. „Terra e trabalho: o lugar do trabalhador nos canteiros de produção da Arquitetura e construção com terra“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102131/tde-10102016-135225/.
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No meio da Arquitetura e Construção com Terra, aspectos positivos relacionados à diminuição da degradação ao meio ambiente e à promoção de resultados benéficos ao desempenho das edificações são bastante difundidos entre seus simpatizantes e especialistas. No entanto, um tema que parece ser pouco explorado é o canteiro de produção desta arquitetura e as condições de atuação dos trabalhadores. O trabalho frequentemente é pesado, a quantidade de esforço físico necessária para a execução das diversas tarefas é alta, podendo ser excessiva e até degradante se as condições de operação no canteiro não estiverem devidamente equacionadas. Dada a altíssima frequência das situações de intensa exploração no setor da construção civil no Brasil e considerando o caráter fortemente artesanal da construção com terra, faz-se necessário conhecer como ocorre a produção desta arquitetura e se a mecanização parcial destes canteiros repercute em melhores condições de trabalho aos operários envolvidos. A partir de informações coletadas em entrevistas com trabalhadores, engenheiros e arquitetos envolvidos nos canteiros de produção da arquitetura e construção com terra, visitas a canteiros de produção desta arquitetura, além de informação complementar apresentada sobre estes canteiros na bibliografia especializada, é construída uma avaliação estruturada por uma análise qualitativa e crítica fundamentada na teoria crítica da arquitetura. A evolução do canteiro de obras passa pelo remanejamento e pela eliminação de algumas tarefas. A mecanização parcial permite que operários possam se deslocar, ou ser deslocados, a ocupações menos degradantes. No entanto, a inclusão de máquinas não ocorre primordialmente por este motivo, ela passa a ser considerada pois, ao confrontar o custo da mão de obra com o investimento em maquinário, este último começa a se revelar como financeiramente viável no Brasil. Portanto, a mecanização parcial que ocorre até agora não pretende ir além de um aumento na produtividade. Mesmo com a incorporação de algumas máquinas, parte dos trabalhadores seguem realizando outras tarefas bastante pesadas, muitas delas exaustivamente repetitivas.Among Earthen Architectures supporters and experts, positive aspects related to low environmental degradation and to the promotion of better results to the building performance are well known. However, a subject that seems to be little explored is the construction site of this architecture and the conditions of operation of workers. The labor is often heavy and a high amount of physical exertion is required. If operating conditions at the construction site are not adequately addressed, the demands may be excessive and even degrading. Given the high frequency of intense exploration in the construction sector in Brazil, also considering the strong artisanal character of earthen construction, it is necessary to know how production takes place in this architecture and if the partial mechanization of these sites improves working conditions. Based on information collected in interviews with workers, engineers and architects involved in earth construction production sites, visits to these architecture building sites, in addition to supplementary information provided by the relevant literature, this paper will present an evaluation structured by a critical and qualitative analysis. This review will be based on the Critical Theory of Architecture. The evolution of the construction site occurs by the relocation and the elimination of some tasks. The partial mechanization allows workers to move, or to be moved, to less degrading jobs. However, in Brazil this is not the reason of the inclusion of machines in the processes, the major purpose is to increase productivity. Even with the incorporation of some machinery, the workers continue performing degrading jobs caused by high physical exertion required or exhaustively repetitive tasks.
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Junior, Darlan de Oliveira Reis. „Senhores e trabalhadores no Cariri cearense: terra, trabalho e conflitos na segunda metade do sÃculo XIX“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12759.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoEsta tese trata das relaÃÃes entre senhores e trabalhadores que viveram na regiÃo do Cariri, localizada no extremo sul da ProvÃncia do CearÃ, na segunda metade do sÃculo XIX. O domÃnio do espaÃo regional se deu, nÃo sà pela apropriaÃÃo dos recursos naturais, como o controle da terra, mas tambÃm atravÃs da elaboraÃÃo de um discurso sobre a vocaÃÃo econÃmica do lugar e na exploraÃÃo de trabalhadores livres e escravizados, em diferentes atividades econÃmicas. Numa abordagem que se insere no campo da HistÃria Social, procuro analisar as questÃes que envolvem o mundo do trabalho: as contradiÃÃes resultantes da desigualdade social, as prÃticas de controle estabelecidas pelos senhores, bem como os conflitos e as diferentes formas de resistÃncia dos trabalhadores. Foram utilizadas fontes como jornais, leis, processos criminais, processos civis, inventÃrios, correspondÃncias e relatÃrios de autoridades pÃblicas.
This thesis discusses the relations between masters and workers who lived in the region of Cariri, located in the extreme south of the Province of CearÃ, in the second half of the nineteenth century. The regional area domain occurred not only by natural resources appropriation, such as control of the land, but also through the development of a speech on economic vocation of the place and exploitation of free and enslaved workers, in different economic activities. In an approach based on the field of Social History, I intend to analyze the issues implicating the labor world: contradictions arising from social inequality, control practices established by masters, as well as the conflicts and different forms of workers resistance. Were used sources such as newspapers, laws, criminal cases, civil cases, inventories, correspondences and reports of public authorities.
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Monteiro, Karoline dos Santos. „As mulheres quilombolas na Paraíba: terra, trabalho e território“. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5834.
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This dissertation aimed to unravel and/or understand the importance of women in social reproduction in maroon communities in which they live and their form of participation and integration in continuous production process of Paraiba agrarian space. We start from the observation that the lack or scarcity of information on the asymmetric gender differences in research in geography is a limit on the understanding of the processes and social relations that fall and form the agrarian landscape. It is with this concern that we launched in doing research on women in seventeen maroon communities located in three regions paraibanas: the Zona da Mata Paraibana, the Agreste Paraibano and Borborema. We propose to understand who are the Maroons women in these regions and what is their relationship with the land and territories that they occupy from: a) sexual division of labor in the communities in which they live, b) different forms of access to land and the many ways the right to this land is denied, and c) the forms of organization, participation and struggle of these women by maroons territories in Paraíba. We are concerned, therefore, with this research contribute to the understanding of Paraiba agrarian space from a subject who produces and stars in, however, is omitted in the geographical readings. We want this debate assist us in understanding who this maroon currently working woman in the state of Paraíba.
Esta dissertação teve como objetivo desvendar e/ou compreender a importância das mulheres na reprodução social nas comunidades quilombolas em que vivem e a sua forma de participação e inserção no processo ininterrupto de produção do espaço agrário paraibano. Partimos da constatação que a falta ou escassez de informações sobre a diferença assimétrica entre os gêneros nas pesquisas em Geografia é um limite na compreensão dos processos e das relações sociais que se inscrevem e dão forma ao espaço agrário. Foi com essa preocupação que nos lançamos a fazer uma pesquisa sobre as mulheres em dezessete comunidades quilombolas localizadas em três mesorregiões paraibanas: a Zona da Mata Paraibana, o Agreste Paraibano e a Borborema. Propomos-nos a entender quem são as mulheres quilombolas nessas regiões e qual é a sua relação com a terra e os territórios que ocupam a partir da: a) divisão sexual do trabalho nas comunidades em que vivem; b) as diferentes formas de acesso a terra e as diversas maneiras como o direito a essa terra lhes é negado e; c) as formas de organização, participação e luta dessas mulheres pelos territórios quilombolas na Paraíba. Interessa-nos, portanto, com esta pesquisa contribuir para a compreensão do espaço agrário paraibano a partir de um sujeito que o produz e o protagoniza, porém, é omitido nas leituras geográficas. Pretendemos que esse debate nos auxilie no entendimento de quem é essa mulher trabalhadora quilombola atualmente no estado da Paraíba.
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Li, Haixiao. „Impact à long terme du travail du sol sur le cycle biogéochimique du phosphore : analyse de l'essai L'Acadie (Québec, Canada) et modélisation“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0223/document.
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La pratique du «sans labour» (NT) se développe dans le cadre de l’agriculture de conservation des sols. Cette pratique modifie nombre de propriétés du sol comme, par exemple, la répartition du phosphore (P) dans le profil du sol. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les impacts après plusieurs décennies du NT sur le cycle biogéochimique du P et d’intégrer ces effets dans un modèle de fonctionnement. Nous avons utilisé un essai au champ de longue durée sous maïs-soja (L’Acadie, Québec, Canada) implanté sur un sol argilo-limoneux. Le dispositif était un split-plot à 4 blocs avec mouldboard plough (MP) et sans labour (NT), subdivisés par 3 doses de fertilisation en P minéral [0 (0P), 17.5 (0.5P), 35 (1P) kg P ha-1] apportées sur le maïs et localisées à 5 cm de profondeur et à 5 cm du rang de maïs.La concentration des ions phosphates du sol (Cp) test était relativement uniforme dans la couche labourée (0-20 cm) (0.08 mg P L-1), puis baissait légèrement dans 20-30 cm (0.05 mg P L-1) et davantage au-delà (0.01 mg P L-1). Sous les traitements [NT, 0.5P] et [NT, 1P] traitements, le Cp était plus élevé dans la couche 0-10 cm (0.28 et 0.19 mg P L-1) que dans la couche labourée mais baissait rapidement avec la profondeur. Cette stratification verticale sous NT était également observée pour les teneurs en P-Olsen, P-M3 et autres nutriments comme C, N et K. Après 23 et 24 années d’essai, il y avait tendanciellement moins de racines du maïs sous NT (-14%) que sous MP, probablement à cause de la présence plus importante d’adventices sous NT. Pour le soja, il y avait beaucoup plus de racines dans la couche 0-10 cm sous NT (44% de longueur total) que sous MP (21%) et inversement dans la couche 10-20 cm. Ces différences de distribution des racines sous NT et MP correspondent à la stratification de N, P, et K.Cet ensemble de données sur la distribution des racines et du phosphore a été utilisé pour i) évaluer un modèle 1D décrivant la dynamique du P sur plusieurs décennies dans la couche labourée du sol, ii) proposer un mode d’estimation de la distribution du prélèvement dans le profil de sol, et iii) développer un modèle spatialisé 2D décrivant la dynamique du P pour le traitement sans labour. Ce modèle permet de simuler l’évolution de la disponibilité en P du sol sur le long terme quels que soient les modes de préparation du sol et le régime de fertilisation P. Même si le modèle surestime parfois la disponibilité en P à proximité de la zone fertilisée, il permet de prédire la stratification du P du sol en NT et ses conséquences sur le prélèvement de P en relation avec les propriétés du sol et le développement du système racinaire. Il pourra contribuer à améliorer le raisonnement de la fertilisation phosphatée dans le contexte du sans-labourThe no-till (NT) is gaining great attention for soil preparation. This practice modifies number of soil properties such as the distribution of phosphorus (P) in the soil profile. This work aims to analyze the impacts on the biogeochemical P cycle after decades of NT and incorporate those effects in an operational model. We used a long-term field experiment under corn-soybean rotation established on a clay loam soil (L’Acadie, Quebec, Canada). The design was a split-plot plan with 4 blocks under moldboard plough (MP) and NT, subdivided by 3 doses of P [0 (0P), 17.5 (0.5P), 35 (1P) kg P ha-1] applied in corn phase and localized to 5-cm deep and 5-cm from the corn row.The phosphate ion concentration in MP was relatively constant (0.08 mg P L-1) in the tilled layer (0-20 cm), slightly lower in 20-30 cm (0.05 mg P L-1) and much lower below (0.01 mg P L-1). In [NT, 0.5P] and [NT, 1P] plots, Cp was higher (0.28 et 0.19 mg P L-1) in the 0-10 cm layer compared to the tilled layer in MP, but decreased sharply with depth. This vertical stratification in NT was also observed for P-Olsen, P-M3 and other nutrients as C, N, and K. After 23- and 24-year of experimentation, maize roots tended to be fewer (-14%) under NT than MP, probably because of increased weed infestation under NT. For soybean, more roots accumulated in the 0-10 cm layer under NT (44% of total length) than MP (21%) and vice versa for the 10-20 cm layer. Those differences in root distribution under NT and MP corresponded to the stratification of N, P, and K.This set of data on the distribution of roots and phosphorus was used i) to develop a 1D model describing P dynamics over several decades in MP, ii) to test a method to assess the spatial P uptake distribution according local root length density and soil P availability, and iii) to develop a spatial 2D model describing P dynamic in NT. This model simulates the soil P availability dynamic on long term according soil properties and crop root distribution within soil profile for different soil preparation regime and different P fertilization rate. Although the model overestimates the P availability near the localized P fertilizer, it is able to predict the soil P stratification in NT treatment and its consequences on crop P uptake. This new model will be a useful tool to improve P fertilization management in context of no-till practices
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Souza, Dayse Maria. „Do chão da terra ao chão da fábrica: as formas contraditórias da apropriação do capital no espaço agrário“. Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2011. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5482.
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La presente disertación de maestría tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de reestructuración productiva en el nuevo modelo de acumulación flexible y su interferencia en la producción y reproducción de las relaciones sociales de producción. En situación de plena desocupación estructural, el capital que, en su esencia se reproduce de manera contradictoria, subordina el trabajo en el campo y en la ciudad para garantizar la súper extracción de plus-valía, por medio de la movilidad del trabajo. Para comprender ese proceso en el espacio agrario de la municipalidad de Barro Preto/BA, es de fundamental importancia analizar la inserción de la relación capital y trabajo en la nueva forma de acumulación financiera de las distintas escalas geográficas. La investigación en cuestión adoptó el método del materialismo histórico dialéctico, porque comprende los conflictos construidos históricamente, desde la acción de las diferentes clases sociales en su movimiento contradictorio. Desnudando como el espacio desde la categoría territorio es apropiado por el capital y como las relaciones sociales se materializan y redefinen el mismo territorio en el proceso global de acumulación capitalista. Para entender ese proceso fueron elaboradas reflexiones de la forma cómo el Estado garantiza las bases para la territorialización del capital, principalmente a partir de investimentos en infra-estructura, incentivos fiscales, políticas de créditos e implementación de políticas modernizantes (con la inserción de los paquetes tecnológicos) desde la creación de órganos institucionales y centro de pesquisa, como por ejemplo, el Instituto de Cacau da Bahia (ICB) y la Comissão Executiva da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC), modelando de esa forma el espacio para el capital. Tales acciones, al tiempo en que provocaron la subordinación de la producción campesina al capital, acentuaron y concentró tierras, haciendo de la fuerza de trabajo en el campo, verdadero ejército de reserva al capital. El debate sobre el proceso de financierización y el nuevo formato de acumulación capitalista fue necesario para entender como se da la explotación del trabajo en la lógica de acumulación en pleno proceso de crisis estructural del capital, marcado por una intensa búsqueda de extracción de trabajo no pago. La investigación permitió desvendar la manera contradictoria que el capital se territorializa en el espacio agrario de Barro Preto, traducido en las nuevas formas de explotación del trabajo, dónde la fuerza de trabajo tornada, en el campo, superflua para el capital, es explotada en mayor cantidad en suelo de la fabrica, específicamente en la Industria de Calçados Vulcabrás-Azaléia, revelando como el capital se apropia del territorio creando nuevos modelos de producción, sea en el campo o en la ciudad. Al tiempo en que la movilidad del trabajo esa fuerza de trabajo en su mayor parte jóvenes, hijos de campesinos y de trabajadores asalariados, encuentra-se disponible para ser explotada por el capital de forma perversa y insaciable.A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo analisar o processo de reestruturação produtiva no novo modelo de acumulação flexível e sua interferência na produção e reprodução das relações sociais de produção. Em pleno desemprego estrutural o capital que na sua essência se reproduz de forma contraditória, subordina o trabalho no campo e na cidade para garantir a super extração de mais valia, através da mobilidade do trabalho. Para compreender esse processo no espaço agrário no município de Barro Preto/BA é fundamental analisar a inserção da relação capital e trabalho no novo formato de acumulação financeira nas diferentes escalas geográficas. A pesquisa em questão adotou o método do materialismo histórico dialético, por esse entender os conflitos construídos historicamente a partir da ação das diferentes classes sociais em seu movimento contraditório. Revelando como o espaço a partir da categoria território é apropriado pelo capital e como às relações sociais se materializam e redefinem o mesmo território no processo global de acumulação capitalista. Para entender esse processo foram elaboradas reflexões da forma como o Estado garante as bases para a territorialização do capital, principalmente a partir de investimentos em infra-estrutura, incentivos fiscais, políticas de créditos e implementação de políticas modernizantes (inserindo os pacotes tecnológicos) a partir da criação de órgãos institucionais e centro de pesquisa, como por exemplo, o Instituto de Cacau da Bahia (ICB) e a Comissão Executiva da Lavoura Cacaueira(CEPLAC) modelando assim o espaço para o capital. Tais ações, ao mesmo tempo em que provocaram a subordinação da produção camponesa ao capital, acentuaram e concentrou terras, tornando a força de trabalho do campo verdadeiro exército de reserva para o capital. O debate sobre o processo de financeirização e o novo formato de acumulação capitalista foi necessário para entender como se dá a exploração do trabalho na lógica de acumulação em pleno processo de crise estrutural do capital, marcado pela intensa busca da extração de trabalho não pago. A pesquisa permitiu desvendar a forma contraditória em que o capital se territorializa no espaço agrário do município de Barro Preto materializado nas novas formas de exploração do trabalho, onde a força de trabalho tornada, no campo, supérflua para o capital, é explorada em maior quantidade no chão da fábrica, especificamente na Indústria de Calçados Vulcabrás-Azaleia, revelando como o capital se apropria do território criando novos modelos de produção, seja no campo ou na cidade. Ao mesmo tempo, que na mobilidade do trabalho essa força de trabalho - em sua grande maioria jovens, filhos de camponeses e de trabalhadores assalariados - encontra-se disponível para ser explorada pelo capital de forma perversa e insaciável.
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Lima, Leida Maria de Souza. „O processo de (re)criação do campesinato em áreas do latifúndio: a fragmentação da terra em Rondonópolis-MT“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-10102007-152602/.
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Esta tese investiga o estudo da (re) criação do campesinato em área de latifúndio a partir da fragmentação da terra por herança e doação em Rondonópolis/MT. Ela aborda as ações resultantes desse processo, e particularmente o significado desta conquista pelos sujeitos sociais. Rondonópolis é um município onde impera grandes latifúndios e uma enorme concentração fundiária, aliás, uma marca no território brasileiro. Nele está também presente, a expansão dos movimentos sociais no campo representados pelos assentamentos criados pelo Estado. A importância desta pesquisa deriva do processo de surgimento de áreas de fragmentação dos latifúndios que foram adquiridos por migrantes no auge da venda de terras pelo governo de Mato Grosso em meados do Século XX. As áreas pesquisadas têm como peculiaridade mais de quarenta e sete anos de história, pois estão nas mãos das mesmas famílias, passando de geração para geração. Este processo gerou paulatinamente, a transformação do latifúndio em pequenas propriedades. Nestes espaços os membros das famílias têm a preocupação em não deixar o patrimônio sair do domínio familiar. O estudo foi realizado nas localidades de Bananal, Beroaba, Belém, Aldeinha, Pequi, Núcleo Colonial de Naboreiro e Vila Bueno, no município de Rondonópolis-MT, e abrangeu cinco propriedades que se formaram pela junção de dez unidades através da compra e ou doação e que hoje estão divididas em sessenta e seis pequenas propriedades. Os resultados deste trabalho revelaram que a fragmentação tem seus benefícios, mas por outro lado, tem também suas conseqüências negativas, embora diferenciadas, do risco de formação de minifúndios.This thesis research the (re)creation of peasant farming agriculture, in latifundium areas, through land fragmentation, by heritage and donation in Rondonópolis-MT. It analyze the actions resulting from this process, and emphasize the meaning of this conquer by the social actors. The importance of this work is based on the fact that Rondonópolis is a municipality with a great land area concentration, similar to great part of Brazilian territory. It also includes the expansion of social field movements, represented by many settlements created by the State. The importance of this research is related to the process of latifundium fragmentation, acquired by migrants in the peak of land selling by the government of Mato Grosso State in the middle of XX century. The researched areas have got a singular history aspect. More than 47 years has been kept in the same family ownership, from one to the next generation. This way, gradually have been changing from latifundium to small farming areas, therefore the family members are concerned about not to permit the properpty going out of family control. The study was carried out in the Rondonópolis municipality and in the Bananal, Beroaba, Belém, Aldeinha, Pequi, Nucleo Colonial de Naboreiro e Vila Bueno regions. It comprehends five properties that has been originated adding up (10) ten different areas through purchase and/or donation, otherwise now a days are divided in (66) sixty six small farming areas. The main results of this work have shown that the land fragmentation process has got their profits, but on the other hand can bring negative effects, although different. By the risk of minifundium formation.
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Reis, Júnior Darlan de Oliveira. „Senhores e trabalhadores no Cariri cearense: terra, trabalho e conflitos na segunda metade do século XIX“. www.teses.ufc.br, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/9543.
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REIS JÚNIOR, Darlan de Oliveira. Senhores e trabalhadores no Cariri cearense: terra, trabalho e conflitos na segunda metade do século XIX. 2014. 304f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História Social, Fortaleza (CE), 2014.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-22T12:50:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_dorjunior.pdf: 9218219 bytes, checksum: e2286f50db922e07aefbdc2e10258cea (MD5)
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This thesis discusses the relations between masters and workers who lived in the region of Cariri, located in the extreme south of the Province of Ceará, in the second half of the nineteenth century. The regional area domain occurred not only by natural resources appropriation, such as control of the land, but also through the development of a speech on economic vocation of the place and exploitation of free and enslaved workers, in different economic activities. In an approach based on the field of Social History, I intend to analyze the issues implicating the labor world: contradictions arising from social inequality, control practices established by masters, as well as the conflicts and different forms of workers resistance. Were used sources such as newspapers, laws, criminal cases, civil cases, inventories, correspondences and reports of public authorities.
Esta tese trata das relações entre senhores e trabalhadores que viveram na região do Cariri, localizada no extremo sul da Província do Ceará, na segunda metade do século XIX. O domínio do espaço regional se deu, não só pela apropriação dos recursos naturais, como o controle da terra, mas também através da elaboração de um discurso sobre a vocação econômica do lugar e na exploração de trabalhadores livres e escravizados, em diferentes atividades econômicas. Numa abordagem que se insere no campo da História Social, procuro analisar as questões que envolvem o mundo do trabalho: as contradições resultantes da desigualdade social, as práticas de controle estabelecidas pelos senhores, bem como os conflitos e as diferentes formas de resistência dos trabalhadores. Foram utilizadas fontes como jornais, leis, processos criminais, processos civis, inventários, correspondências e relatórios de autoridades públicas.
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Pizzo, Alessandra. „Frictional labor markets and policy interventions : dynamics and welfare implications“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E014/document.
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L'objectif sous-jacent aux trois chapitres qui composent cette thèse est la compréhension du fonctionnement du marché du travail, afin d'établir un diagnostic quant au rôle de régulation potentiel d'une autorité publique dans ce marché. Dans le premier chapitre, j'analyse, d'un point de vue purement "positif", la capacité du modèle avec frictions d'appariement à répliquer les fluctuations de court terme de variables du marché du travail aux États-Unis. Je propose une nouvelle stratégie de calibration, dans le cadre d'analyse est celui d'un modèle de fluctuations avec rigidité de prix. Dans le deuxième chapitre (co-écrit avec F. Langot), nous étudions les déterminants des évolutions de l'offre de travail sur les cinquante dernières années. L'évolution du coin fiscal, ainsi que de deux variables reflétant le cadre institutionnel (la générosité du revenu en cas de "non-emploi" et le pouvoir de négociation des travailleurs), permettent d'expliquer les différentes trajectoires du taux d'emploi et des heures travaillées observées aux États-Unis et dans trois économies européennes (France, Allemagne et Royaume-Uni). Dans le troisième chapitre, j'analyse la performance de deux systèmes alternatifs de sécurité sociale, dans le cadre d'un modèle avec agents hétérogènes en termes de richesse. Les agents sont soumis à un risque de chômage, et le planificateur peut fournir de l'assurance à travers un système fiscal redistributif, basé sur une taxe progressive et/ou l'assurance chômage. Le système fiscal progressif est supérieur, en termes de bien-être agrégé, à l'assurance fournie à travers des allocations chômage, à travers son effet sur le fonctionnement du marché du travailThe objective underlying the three chapters of this thesis is the understanding of the functioning of the labor market to make a diagnosis about the potential regulatory role of a public authority in this market. ln the first chapter, I analyze, from a purely "positive" point of view, the ability of the model with search and matching frictions to reproduce short-term fluctuations of labor market variables in the United States. I propose a new calibration strategy, within a general equilibrium framework with sticky prices. In the second chapter (co-written with F. Langot), we study the determinants of changes in the labor supply over the last fifty years. Changes in the tax wedge, and two variables reflecting the institutional framework (the generosity of income in case of "non-employment" and workers' bargaining power), can explain the different trajectories of the rate employment and hours worked observed in the United States and three European economies (France, Germany and the United Kingdom). ln the third chapter, I analyze the performance of two alternative systems of social security, within the framework of a model with heterogeneous agents in terms of wealth. The agents are subject to a risk of unemployment, and the planner can provide insurance through a redistibutive tax system, based on a progressive tax and / or unemployment insurance. The progressive tax system is superior in terms of aggregate welfare to the insurance provided through unemployment benefits, through its effect on the functioning of the labor market
Bücher zum Thema "Terre de Labour"
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Ginoux, Gérard. Dernier labour au mas des Pialons: Chronique de la terre provençale. Marguerittes: Editions de l'Equinoxe, 1994.
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1933-, Guillaume Pierre, und Maison des sciences de l'homme d'Aquitaine., Hrsg. L' Aquitaine, terre d'immigration. [Talence]: Maison des sciences de l'homme d'Aquitaine, 1986.
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Crozes, Daniel. Raymond Lacombe: Un combat pour la terre. Rodez [France]: Editions du Rouergue, 1992.
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Tobiet, Henri. Rendez-vous en terre ennemie. Colmar: Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2013.
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Lévy, Thierry. Labori: Pour Zola, pour Dreyfus, contre la terre entière, un avocat. Paris: Audibert, 2006.
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Lévy, Thierry. Labori: Pour Zola, pour Dreyfus, contre la terre entière, un avocat. Paris: Audibert, 2006.
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Eugenia, Núñez Clara, und International Economic History Congress (12th : 1998 : Madrid, Spain)., Hrsg. Land, labour and tenure: The institutional arrangements of conflict and cooperation in comparative perspective = Terre, travail et modes de faire-valoir: aspects institutionnels des conflicts et da la coopérations dans une perspective comparative = Tierra, trabajo y tenencia: estructuras institucionales de conflicto y cooperación desde una perspectiva comparativa. Sevilla: Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla, 1998.
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Silva, Bráulio Rodrigues da. Memórias da luta pela terra na Baixada Fluminense. Seropédica, RJ: Edur, UFRRJ, 2008.
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Jean-Pierre, Royer, Hrsg. Fernand Labori: Pour Dreyfus, pour Zola, contre la terre entière, un avocat. Paris: Audibert, 2006.
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Coppola, Salvatore. Il movimento contadino in Terra d'Otranto (1919-1960). Cavallino di Lecce: Capone editore, 1992.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Terre de Labour"
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Langton, John. „When and How Did Mining Labour Become a Commodity? The Proletarianisation of Colliers in seventeenth and eighteenth Century Lancashire“. In Le charbon de terre en Europe occidentale avant l'usage du coke, 141–50. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.dda-eb.4.00413.
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Ciancanelli, Penelope, und David Fasenfest. „Monsieur le Capital and Madame la Terre on the brink“. In Towards Just and Sustainable Economies. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447327226.003.0003.
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Marx and Polanyi each proposed that land, labour and capital are central aspects of capitalist development. For Marx they were the foundation of a free-trade ideology that obscured labour’s central importance to capital accumulation. Polanyi rejected production as the nexus of exploitation, and instead emphasized the free trader’s ideology of self-regulating. This chapter examines these competing claims and considers their implications the place of SSEs in today’s global political economy, exploring the extent to which they have the emancipatory potential to mitigate the consequences of capitalist development.
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Offer, Avner. „Wheat And Empire In Canada“. In The First World War, 144–63. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198202790.003.0012.
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Abstract In England, where there was “ni terre sans maitre”, every bit of ground was fenced off and grazed, cultivated or hunted. In Canada, the grain frontier was open almost to all: farmers ‘ sons, small tradesmen, skilled artisans, together with many native-born Canadians from the towns and countryside of Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes and experienced farmers from the United States. Enough capital for a start could even be raised by a few seasons ‘ wage labour.
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James, Michael. „Introduction: Introducing Poetry and Strikes“. In Poetry & Strikes, 1–22. Liverpool University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800855403.003.0001.
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The introduction opens with a critique of Terry Eagleton, regarding the nature of political poetry. The chapter then considers the current state of trade union representation in the UK to argue for the importance of questioning our labour narratives in a labour market which is becoming increasingly casualised and precarious. It also argues that the way trade unions have come to be seen by many and the decline in unionisation that this has led to is partially as a result of the ‘officials’ narratives that surround strike action. The book demonstrates that the poets examined (and their poetry) can provide an alternative form by which to consider the constructed nature of labour and strike narratives.
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Diallo, Drissa, Didier Orange und Éric Roose. „Influence du labour, du semis direct et du type de sol sur le stock de carbone, les pertes en terre et les rendements d'une rotation intensive (coton/maïs) au Mali Sud“. In Lutte antiérosive. IRD Éditions, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.12500.
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James, Wendy, und Michael Lambek. „Anthropology as a Human Science: Conversations with History and Religion“. In The Ceremonial Animal, 297–306. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263332.003.0012.
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Abstract The human capacity for productive labour, and for language (our old self images as ‘the Toolmaker’ and the ‘Speechmaker’ respectively) are still robust ways of summing up our nature as a species. But Terry Eagleton’s interesting comments in the quotation above also draw our attention to the way that humans (with these capacities) are ‘actually inserted into their environs’. We must then ask, what are those environs? Eagleton clearly has more in mind than surrounding forests. He is referring implicitly to social environs, to the context of collective human life within which we grow up and acquire physical habits, language, an ear for music, an eye for art, and so on, all those things which complete our humanity.
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Danielová, Anna. „Hledání Abrama Terce. Dobové archivní materiály vydané před odhalením pravé identity autora“. In Slavica Iuvenum XXIV, 261–68. University of Ostrava, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/slavicaiuvenum.xxiv.26.
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The focus of presented article lies on reception of Abram Tertz’s early works published in the West before the author’s true identity was revealed. Andrei Sinyavsky (1925–1997), publishing under name of Abram Tertz, was a Russian literary scientist and author, convicted of subversion by the Soviet government in 1966 and sentenced to seven years of hard labour. After being released he was allowed to emigrate to France. The analyzed texts have been selected with a special emphasis on author’s attempt to characterize Tertz’s attitude to communist ideology as well as his origins and education.
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Sarzynski, Sarah. „Zito de Galiléia“. In Revolution in the Terra do Sol. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503603691.003.0008.
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The final chapter analyzes an oral history conducted in 2005 with one of the surviving members of the Ligas Camponesas, Zito de Galiléia, and briefly sketches more recent memorial projects in the Northeast. The chapter examines the forms and narratives Zito de Galiléia employs to remember the Ligas Camponesas. His dedication to preserving the memory of the struggle for land and labor rights reflects his position as an insider/outsider to the Northeast, further questioning the power of the trope of o Nordeste. Zito uses his claims to authenticity to further his own power as narrator, drawing from the trope of o Nordeste to legitimize his voice while also challenging it by insisting upon the power of his voice as a “marginalized” Nordestino. The case of Zito further develops the power of the representations defining o Nordeste by demonstrating how the trope functions as a framework for discrimination and resistance.
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Augurusa, Giuseppe. „Il distacco transnazionale come terra di tutti e di nessuno Dalla destrutturazione del rapporto di lavoro al rigore del modello svizzero“. In Posted workers La condizione dei lavoratori in distacco transnazionale in Europa. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-515-5/011.
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Constantly growing, with 2.5 million out of 17 million mobile workers, transnational postings represent one of the most widespread modes of cross-border work within EU countries. The reasons lie in the flexibility of work organization, in the demand for qualified professionals, in the free movement of people and goods, but also in the philosophy of a rule that has its roots first in commercial law than in labour law, a system strongly oriented only to the freedom of enterprise. However, collaboration between the business system, social representation and inspection bodies can lead to effective management of the phenomenon. The comparison between the Swiss model and what happens in countries that import labour, mostly non-European, indicates a possible future perspective.
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Heery, Edmund. „The New New Unionism“. In Contemporary Industjrial Relations: A Critical Analysis, 175–202. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198773870.003.0008.
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Abstract Twenty years ago Coates and Topham published The New Unionism (1974). They argued in the book that the established forms and policies of trade unions were increasingly irrelevant to the needs of British workers and that, in consequence, a new unionism was emerging. This, they claimed, was based on the mobilization and direct participation of rank and file union members and was oriented towards challenging management control, both in the work-place and beyond. Coates and Topham’s book was openly prescriptive in intent and was subtitled The Case for Workers’ Control. Other, less didactic analyses of trade unions in the 1970s, however, shared their view that the labour movement was shedding old baggage and changing rapidly both in terms of its internal structures and relationships and in the face it showed to other actors on the industrial relations stage (cf. Crouch 1979; Hyman 1983; Terry 1983; Undy et al. 1981).
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Terre de Labour"
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Garofalo, Laura, und Miguel Guitart. „Back to Mass: Terra Cotta’s Redefinition of the Performing Envelope“. In 109th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.109.5.
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Building lighter and thinner has conceptually targeted the reduction of energy and labor in processes of construction and material production. However, this thinning does not always mean a reduction in energy use as shown by the expenditure of energy required to control a thin envelope’s ambient sequestration or the production of the preferred materials for the thin envelope. Despite these considerations, architectural production has evolved from thick enclosures to thin solutions. The pattern that is predicated on minimum material envelopes and energy-dependent standardized ambient conditioning requirements has produced an energy-hungry building stock. Reversing the typical constructive paradigm from thinness to thickness poses reversals of norms, with the potential to manage carbon emissions through production, maintenance, and conditioning. The preferred ratio of thin enclosure and large interior volume is redefined in favor of a performative thick boundary layer and a less energy-hungry interior. Terra Cotta Grotto proposes a return to mass in architecture, rede¬fined through the contemporary lens of thermodynamic and ambient processes that, at certain scales, dematerializes the very solid boundary layer and provokes a critical discussion around how thickness can redefine our carbon footprint.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Terre de Labour"
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Karki, Shanta. Applying the River of Life Method to Support Reflection and Learning in Terre des hommes Nepal. Institute of Development Studies, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2023.005.
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The RoL method is a visual narrative method that helps people tell stories of the past, present, and future. Individuals can use this method to introduce themselves in a fun and descriptive way. A group can use it to understand and reflect on the past and imagine the future of a project. Besides, it can also be used to build a shared view of a process over time while acknowledging different and perhaps contradictory perspectives. The method uses drawings rather than text, making it useful in groups that do not share a common language. Metaphors from a river are used to explore aspects of a story – such as whirlpools depicting challenges or lakes suggesting a sense of calm etc. When used in a group, it is an active method, engaging people in the process of storytelling and listening through visualising their experiences and using metaphors to explore in depth. In CLARISSA, we adapted the RoL method to document our collective understanding of the story of implementation of the programme as part of the programme’s monitoring, evaluation and learning component. The purpose was to surface the details of our process of the systemic Action Research that we are undertaking with children in the worst forms of child labour and business owners. We used the same river metaphors as is often applied when the method is used with individuals.
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Berdiqulov, Aziz. ECMI Minorities Blog. Russian Migrants in Central Asia – An ambiguous Reception. European Centre for Minority Issues, Juli 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/abpl3118.
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One of the consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is the imposition of western economic sanctions on the country and further autocratization of its political system. Both factors have resulted in a significant outward migration of Russian citizens, with Central Asia being one of frequent destinations due to the geographic proximity and widespread use of Russian language. At the same time, for many Russians the region remains a terra incognita, perceived primarily through the presence of the Central Asian labour migrants. In this blog piece, ECMI Researcher Aziz Berdiqulov examines this recent phenomenon by discussing specifically the cases of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as receiving countries, through the prism of different initiatives addressing the influx, social attitudes concerning the newcomers and reactions of the Russian minorities present there. Furthermore, the author tries to assess whether the new situation has the potential for changing the hitherto pattern of relations between Russians and Central Asians.