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Thematische Bibliographien / Terpenes

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Terpenes“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 22. Juni 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Terpenes":

1

Soto, Ernesto R., Florentina Rus, Hanchen Li, Carli Garceau, Jeffrey Chicca, Mostafa Elfawal, David Gazzola et al. „Yeast Particle Encapsulation of Scaffolded Terpene Compounds for Controlled Terpene Release“. Foods 10, Nr. 6 (27.05.2021): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061207.

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Terpenes are naturally occurring compounds produced by plants that are of great commercial interest in the food, agricultural, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to their broad spectra of antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, membrane permeation enhancement, and antioxidant biological activities. Applications of terpenes are often limited by their volatility and the need for surfactants or alcohols to produce stable, soluble (non-precipitated) products. Yeast particles (YPs) are hollow, porous microspheres that have been used for the encapsulation of terpenes (YP terpenes) by passive diffusion of terpenes through the porous YP cell walls. We here report the development of a second generation YP encapsulated terpene technology that incorporates the stimuli-responsive control of terpene release using biodegradable pro-terpene compounds (YP pro-terpenes). YP terpenes and YP pro-terpenes were both produced, in which high levels of carvacrol, eugenol, thymol and geraniol were encapsulated. The YP pro-terpenes show higher encapsulation stability than YP terpenes due to pro-terpenes being non-volatile solids at room temperature and stable in suspensions at neutral pH. YP pro-terpenes and YP terpenes were evaluated for biological activity in antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic assays. The YP pro-terpenes retained the full biological activity of the parent terpene compound.

2

Soto, Ernesto R., Florentina Rus und Gary R. Ostroff. „Yeast Particles Hyper-Loaded with Terpenes for Biocide Applications“. Molecules 27, Nr. 11 (02.06.2022): 3580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113580.

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Yeast particles (YPs) are 3–5 µm hollow and porous microspheres, a byproduct of some food grade yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract manufacturing processes. Terpenes can be efficiently encapsulated inside YPs by passive diffusion through the porous cell walls. As previously published, this YP terpene encapsulation approach has been successfully implemented (1) to develop and commercialize fungicide and nematicide products for agricultural applications, (2) to co-load high potency agrochemical actives dissolved in terpenes or suitable solvents, and (3) to identify YP terpenes with broad-acting anthelmintic activity for potential pharmaceutical applications. These first-generation YP terpene materials were developed with a <2:1 terpene: YP weight ratio. Here we report methods to increase the terpene loading capacity in YPs up to 5:1 terpene: YP weight ratio. Hyper-loaded YP terpenes extend the kinetics of payload release up to three-fold compared to the commercialized YP terpene formulations. Hyper-loaded YP-terpene compositions were further optimized to achieve high terpene storage encapsulation stability from −20 °C to 54 °C. The development of hyper-loaded YP terpenes has a wide range of potential agricultural and pharmaceutical applications with terpenes and other compatible active substances that could benefit from a delivery system with a high payload loading capacity combined with increased payload stability and sustained release properties.

3

Niu, Yunwei, Xiaoxin Sun, Zuobing Xiao, Pinpin Wang und Ruolin Wang. „Olfactory Impact of Terpene Alcohol on Terpenes Aroma Expression in Chrysanthemum Essential Oils“. Molecules 23, Nr. 11 (29.10.2018): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112803.

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The key point of our work was evaluating the impact of terpene alcohols on the aroma expression of terpenes recombination in Chrysanthemum essential oils. Using pure commercial products, various aromatic recombinations were prepared, consisting of terpenes recombination and six terpene alcohols, all the concentrations found in Chrysanthemum essential oils. There were five groups of terpene alcohols mixtures performed very interesting with the addition or omission tests. The “olfactory threshold” of the terpenes recombination had a notable decrease when adding isoborneol, d-Fenchyl alcohol respectively through the Feller’s additive model analysis. Furthermore, the descriptive test indicated that the addition of terpene alcohols mixture had the different effect on fruity, floral, woody, green, and herbal aroma intensity. Specifically, when isoborneol was added to the terpenes recombination in squalane solution, it was revealed that isoborneol had a synergy impact on herbal and green notes of the terpenes recombination and masked the fruity note.

4

Nault, J. R., und Rene I. Alfaro. „Changes in cortical and wood terpenes in Sitka spruce in response to wounding“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, Nr. 9 (01.09.2001): 1561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-082.

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Terpene levels were measured in bark and wood samples of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière) trees. The trees that had been selected as early or late flushing were subjected to artificial wounding to simulate attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck). Samples were taken at four times during the growing season: before wounding, shortly after wounding, and two times later in the season. Terpenes were extracted with hexane and quantified by capillary gas chromatography. There were no significant differences in total bark terpenes between early- and late-flushing trees or between control and wounded trees over all sampling times. There were no significant differences in total wood terpenes between early- and late-flushing trees or among sampling times, but a statistically significant difference was found between control and wounded trees. Eleven individual terpenes accounted for the majority of the terpenes in the extracts. Four bark terpenes showed significant differences with sampling time, two with flushing class, and none with treatment. Five wood terpenes showed significant differences with sampling time, two with flushing class, and nine with treatment. We concluded that flushing had only a minor effect on bark and wood terpene profiles and that wounding significantly increased terpene concentration in wood shortly after injury.

5

Weyerstahl, Peter, Helga Marschall-Weyerstahl, Josef Penninger und Lutz Walther. „Terpenes and terpene derivatives-22“. Tetrahedron 43, Nr. 22 (Januar 1987): 5287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87705-x.

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6

Liu, Jiajia, Man Lin, Penggang Han, Ge Yao und Hui Jiang. „Biosynthesis Progress of High-Energy-Density Liquid Fuels Derived from Terpenes“. Microorganisms 12, Nr. 4 (30.03.2024): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040706.

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High-energy-density liquid fuels (HED fuels) are essential for volume-limited aerospace vehicles and could serve as energetic additives for conventional fuels. Terpene-derived HED biofuel is an important research field for green fuel synthesis. The direct extraction of terpenes from natural plants is environmentally unfriendly and costly. Designing efficient synthetic pathways in microorganisms to achieve high yields of terpenes shows great potential for the application of terpene-derived fuels. This review provides an overview of the current research progress of terpene-derived HED fuels, surveying terpene fuel properties and the current status of biosynthesis. Additionally, we systematically summarize the engineering strategies for biosynthesizing terpenes, including mining and engineering terpene synthases, optimizing metabolic pathways and cell-level optimization, such as the subcellular localization of terpene synthesis and adaptive evolution. This article will be helpful in providing insight into better developing terpene-derived HED fuels.

7

Mirza, Zeynep, Ernesto R. Soto, Yan Hu, Thanh-Thanh Nguyen, David Koch, Raffi V. Aroian und Gary R. Ostroff. „Anthelmintic Activity of Yeast Particle-Encapsulated Terpenes“. Molecules 25, Nr. 13 (27.06.2020): 2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25132958.

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Soil-transmitted nematodes (STN) infect 1–2 billion of the poorest people worldwide. Only benzimidazoles are currently used in mass drug administration, with many instances of reduced activity. Terpenes are a class of compounds with anthelmintic activity. Thymol, a natural monoterpene phenol, was used to help eradicate hookworms in the U.S. South circa 1910. However, the use of terpenes as anthelmintics was discontinued because of adverse side effects associated with high doses and premature stomach absorption. Furthermore, the dose–response activity of specific terpenes against STNs has been understudied. Here we used hollow, porous yeast particles (YPs) to efficiently encapsulate (>95%) high levels of terpenes (52% w/w) and evaluated their anthelmintic activity on hookworms (Ancylostoma ceylanicum), a rodent parasite (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis), and whipworm (Trichuris muris). We identified YP–terpenes that were effective against all three parasites. Further, YP–terpenes overcame albendazole-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans. These results demonstrate that terpenes are broad-acting anthelmintics. Terpenes are predicted to be extremely difficult for parasites to resist, and YP encapsulation provides water-suspendable terpene materials without surfactants and sustained terpene release that could lead to the development of formulations for oral delivery that overcome fast absorption in the stomach, thus reducing dosage and toxic side effects.

8

Chenebault, Célia, Victoire Blanc-Garin, Marine Vincent, Encarnación Diaz-Santos, Amélie Goudet, Corinne Cassier-Chauvat und Franck Chauvat. „Exploring the Potential of the Model Cyanobacteria Synechococcus PCC 7002 and PCC 7942 for the Photoproduction of High-Value Terpenes: A Comparison with Synechocystis PCC 6803“. Biomolecules 13, Nr. 3 (09.03.2023): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030504.

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We have performed the first comparative analysis of the potential of two physiologically-diverse model cyanobacteria, Synechococcus PCC 7002 (S.7002) and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (S.7942), for the photosynthetic production of four chemically-different high-value terpenes: two monoterpenes limonene and pinene, and two sesquiterpenes bisabolene and farnesene. We showed, for the first time, that S.7002 and S.7942 can produce farnesene and bisabolene, respectively. Both cyanobacteria produced farnesene (S.7942 produced more efficiently than S.7002) more efficiently than the other tested terpenes (especially pinene, the weakest produced terpene). S.7002 produced limonene more efficiently than bisabolene, whereas S.7942 produced bisabolene more efficiently than limonene. These findings suggest that S.7942 is better suited to produce sesquiterpenes than monoterpenes. Interestingly, higher levels of terpenes were produced by S.7942 and S.7002 expressing a terpene-synthase gene from both an RSF1010-derived replicating plasmid and a neutral chromosomal site, as compared to either the plasmid alone or the chromosome alone. These results suggest that in both cyanobacteria, the production of terpenes is more limited by the activity of terpene synthases than the abundance of terpene precursors. Finally, higher levels of terpenes were produced by S.7002 growing on urea (a frequent pollutant) as compared to nitrate or ammonium, the standard nitrogen sources for cyanobacteria.

9

Champagne, Emilie, Michaël Bonin, Alejandro A. Royo, Jean-Pierre Tremblay und Patricia Raymond. „Predicting terpene content in dried conifer shoots using near infrared spectroscopy“. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 28, Nr. 5-6 (Oktober 2020): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033520950516.

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Terpenes are phytochemicals found in multiple plant genera, especially aromatic herbs and conifers. Terpene content quantification is costly and complex, requiring the extraction of oil content and gas chromatography analyses. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy could provide an alternative quantitative method, especially if calibration can be developed with the spectra of dried plant material, which are easier and faster to acquire than oil-based spectra. Here, multispecies NIR spectroscopy calibrations were developed for total terpene content (mono- and sesquiterpenes) and for specific terpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene and myrcene) with five conifers species ( Picea glauca, Picea rubens, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus and Thuja occidentalis). The terpene content of fresh shoot samples was quantified with gas chromatography. The NIR spectra were measured on freeze-dried samples (n = 137). Using a subset of the samples, modified partial least squares regressions of total terpene and the three individual terpenes content were generated as a functions of the NIR spectra. The standard errors of the internal cross-validations (values between 0.25 and 2.28) and the ratio of prediction to deviation ratios (RPD values between 2.20 and 2.38) indicate that all calibrations have similar accuracy. The independent validations, however, suggest that the calibrations for total terpene and α-pinene content are more accurate (respective coefficient of determination: r2 = 0.85 and 0.82). In contrast, calibrations for β-pinene and myrcene had a low accuracy (respectively: r2 = 0.62 and 0.08), potentially because of the low concentration of these terpenes in the species studied. The calibration model fits (i.e., r2) are comparable to previously published calibration using the spectra of dried shoot samples and demonstrate the potential of this method for terpenes in conifer samples. The calibration method used could be useful in several other domains (e.g. seedling breeding program, industrial), because of the wide distribution of terpenes and especially of pinenes.

10

Sommano, Sarana Rose, Chuda Chittasupho, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich und Pensak Jantrawut. „The Cannabis Terpenes“. Molecules 25, Nr. 24 (08.12.2020): 5792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245792.

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Terpenes are the primary constituents of essential oils and are responsible for the aroma characteristics of cannabis. Together with the cannabinoids, terpenes illustrate synergic and/or entourage effect and their interactions have only been speculated in for the last few decades. Hundreds of terpenes are identified that allude to cannabis sensory attributes, contributing largely to the consumer’s experiences and market price. They also enhance many therapeutic benefits, especially as aromatherapy. To shed light on the importance of terpenes in the cannabis industry, the purpose of this review is to morphologically describe sources of cannabis terpenes and to explain the biosynthesis and diversity of terpene profiles in different cannabis chemovars.

Mehr Quellen

Dissertationen zum Thema "Terpenes":

1

Borenberg, Fredrik. „Biofiltrering av luft förorenad med terpener : Biofiltration of air polluted with terpenes“. Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2000.

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Utsläpp av lättflyktiga organiska föreningar (VOC) är ett växande mijlöproblem. Biofiltrering är ett relativt billigt sätt att rena luft förorenad med VOC. Biofiltrering har också en fördel i att föroreningen helt bryts ned och inte endast övergår i en annan form. Rapporten beskriver arbetet kring två biofilter av kolonntyp. Mikroberna som användes kom från främst träflis och jord. Som förorening användes limonen och α-pinen. Analys skedde med gaskromatografi.

Vidare undersöktes om närvaro av silikonolja i filterbädden påverkade resultatet Reningskapaciteten uppgick i filtret utan olja till ca 10 - 12 g/m3.h under de första 25 dagarna i drift och ökade därefter till ca 15 - 20 g/m3.h. Motsvarande data för det oljeberikade filtret är ca 15 - 20 g/m3.h i båda fallen

Emissions of volatile organic compounds are a growing environmental problem. Biofiltration is a relatively cost efficient method to purify air polluted with VOC:s. Biofiltraion also has the benefit of completely degrading the pollutants rather than just transferring them into another phase/form. This report describes the work on two biofilters of column type. The microbes used were extracted from wood chips and soil. As pollutants limonene and α–pinene were used.

Furthermore, it was investigated how the presence of silicone oil in the filter bed affected the filtering results. The filtering capacity in the non oil enriched filter was during the first 25days 10-12 g/m3h and thereafter some 15-20 g/m3h. The efficiency of the oil enriched filter was stable at 15-20 g/m3h.

2

Ajayi, Emmanuel Olusegun. „Interaction of terpenes and oxygenated terpenes with some drugs“. Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/418.

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SFME and HD for the extraction of essential oil in Lavandula officinalis in Alice have been reported. A total of 59 compounds were identified with the major compound being 1,8-cineole, an oxygenated monoterpene, with 46.89% and 44.84% yield obtained for HD and SFME respectively. Charge transfer (CT) complexes formed between α-pinene, 1,8-cineole and camphor as electron donors with iodine as the electron acceptor have been studied spectrophotometrically in methylene chloride solution. The Benesi- Hildebrand equation has been applied to estimate the formation constant (Kf) and molecular extinction coefficient (εCT). The value of Kf is the highest in camphor-I2 complex compared to the other two complexes. Antibacterial assessment was carried out on the various reagents, determining the MIC of individual reagents and in combination. The results show an improvement, on combination of the various reagents than when tested alone.

3

Naik, R. H. „Synthetic studies in terpenes“. Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1985. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3225.

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4

Peña, Carrodeguas Leticia. „Synthesis of Biobased Polymers derived from Terpenes“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454747.

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Complexos aminotrifenolats d'Al (III) i Fe (III) combinats amb un nucleòfil han estat investigats com a catalitzadors binaris en la reacció de ROCOP per a l'obtenció de polímers bio-renovables perfectament alternats. S'ha estudiat l'acoblament d'òxid de limonè i diòxid de carboni per a l'obtenció de policarbonats alternats. Aquest sistema catalític va ser capaç de produir polímers trans estereoregulares a partir del cis-òxid de limonè . El catalitzador d'Al (III) mostra potencial per transformar tots dos isòmers de l'òxid de limonè, amb nivells de conversió alts, sense necessitat d'usar dissolvent. A més, hem sintetitzat sis anhídrids tricíclics, parcial o totalment renovables, i els hem copolimeritzat amb òxid de propilè i òxid de ciclohexà. Canviant tots dos, epòxids i anhídrids, hem aconseguit variar la temperatura de transició vítria d'aquests polímers en 120 °C, des de 66 °C fins a l'excepcional temperatura de 184 °C. Hem investigat l'ús d’epòxids derivats de terpens (òxid de limonè, òxid de carè, diòxid de limonè i òxid de mentè) per ROCOP en presència de diversos anhídrids aromàtics. Aquestes reaccions de copolimerització van ser efectuades usant aminotrifenolats basats en Fe (III) i PPNCl permetent-nos obtenir poliésters semi-aromàtics parcialment renovables amb temperatures de transició vítria de 59 a 243 ºC. Finalment, s'han usat aminotrifenolats d'Al (III) i PPNCl per a la preparació d'una sèrie de biocarbonats derivats d'àcids grassos. Aquest sistema catalític permet convertir els epòxids derivats d'àcids grassos en ciclocarbonats mantenint un alt nivell de diastereoselectivitat.
Complejos aminotrifenolatos de Al (III) y Fe (III) combinados con un nucleófilo han sido investigados como catalizadores binarios en la reacción de ROCOP para la obtención de polímeros bio-renovables perfectamente alternados. Se ha estudiado el acoplamiento de óxido de limonene y dióxido de carbono para la obtención de policarbonatos alternados. Este sistema catalítico fue capaz de producir polímeros trans estereoregulares a partir de óxido de limoneno cis. El catalizador de Al (III) muestra potencial para transformar ambos isómeros del óxido de limonene, con niveles de conversión altos, sin necesidad de usar disolvente. Además, hemos sintetizado seis anhídridos tricíclicos parcial o totalmente renovables y los hemos copolimerizado con óxido de propileno y óxido de ciclohexano. Cambiando ambos, epóxidos y anhídridos, hemos logrado variar la temperatura de transición vítrea de estos polímeros en 120 °C, desde 66 °C hasta la excepcional temperatura de 184 °C. Hemos investigado el uso de epóxidos derivados de terpenos (óxido de limoneno, óxido de careno, dióxido de limonene y oxido de menteno) para ROCOP en presencia de varios anhídridos aromáticos. Estas reacciones de copolimerización fueron llevadas a cabo usando aminotrifenolatos basados en Fe (III) y PPNCl permitiéndonos obtener poliesters semi-aromáticos parcialmente renovables con temperaturas de transición vítrea de 59 a 243 ºC. Finalmente, se han usado aminotrifenolatos de Al (III) y PPNCl para la preparación de una serie de biocarbonatos derivados de ácidos grasos. Este sistema catalítico permite convertir los époxidos derivados de ácidos grasos en ciclocarbonatos manteniendo un alto nivel de diastereoselectividad.
Aminotriphenolate Al (III) and and Fe (III) complexes combined with a nucleophile have been investigated as binary catalytic systems for ROCOP reactions to afford perfectly alternating bio-renewables polymers. The coupling of limonene oxide and carbon dioxide to obtain polycarbonates has been studied. These catalysts are able to produce stereoregular trans configured polymers from cis limonene oxide. The Al (III) catalyst shows the potential to transform both stereoisomers of limonene oxide with high conversion levels under neat conditions. Furthermore, we synthesized six partially or fully renewable tricyclic anhydrides and copolymerized them with propylene oxide and cyclohexene oxide. By varying both the epoxide and the anhydride, we were able to increase the Tg of the resulting polymers over nearly 120 °C from 66 °C to an exceptionally high 184 °C. We have investigated the use of terpene derived epoxides (limonene oxide, carene oxide, limonene dioxide and menthene oxide) for the ROCOP in the presence of various aromatic anhydrides. These copolymerization reactions were performed using Fe(III) based aminotriphenolate complex and PPNCl providing partially bio-based semi-aromatic polyesters with glass transition temperatures spanning from 59 to 243 ºC. Finally, Al (III) aminotriphenolate and PPNCl were used for the preparation of a series of fatty acid derived biocarbonates. This catalyst system allows to convert the fatty acid derived epoxides maintaining high levels of diastereospecificity.

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Carboni, Thaís Ribeiro [UNESP]. „Análise de crescimento, trocas gasosas, potencila antioxidante e óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108463.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-28Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000745595.pdf: 1473228 bytes, checksum: ec945960bdd6f8e60176d12e89503ea3 (MD5)
Plantas de Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, tipo Paddy-Fan, em solução nutritiva no2 de Hoagland e Arnon (1950) 100% (completa), 75%, 50% e 25%. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o crescimento, trocas gasosas e potencial antioxidante de plantas da subespécie Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare submetidas a variação da concentração de nutrientes em solução nutritiva, bem como avaliar a influência desse fator na caracterização química do óleo essencial sintetizado por elas. Aos 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 dias após o transplante das mudas para a solução nutritiva, a massa seca de folhas (MSF), massa seca total (MST) e as suas áreas foliares (AF) foram determinadas para a avaliação dos índices fisiológicos de razão de área foliar (RAF), razão de massa foliar (RMF), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL) e taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR). As avaliações de trocas gasosas foram realizadas aos 20, 45 e 85 dias após o transplante. Aos 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 dias após o transplante, amostras frescas da parte aérea das plantas foram coletadas, congeladas em nitrogênio líquido e armazenadas em freezer, para posterior realização das análises de pigmentos, flavonóides totais, fenóis totais, ácido ascórbico e potencial antioxidante (DPPH). O óleo essencial foi avaliado aos 60, 80 e 100 dias após o transplante. O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema 4x5 (4 tratamentos e 5 épocas de colheita) para avaliação do crescimento e análises bioquímicas, 4x3 para as trocas gasosas e 3X3 para a análise da composição do óleo essencial. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a variação da concentração da solução nutritiva pode estimular ou inibir o desenvolvimento de Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare. As plantas cultivadas com soluções mais concentradas apresentaram diminuição de AF, MSF e MST, que interferiu com os índices fisiológicos. Além disso, ...
Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare plants were grown in a Paddy-Fan greenhouse, with 100% (complete), 75%, 50%, and 25% Hoagland and Arnon (1950) #2 nutrient solution. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the complete nutrient solution with the various diluted solutions, with regards to the growth of the Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare, its gas exchange, antioxidant potential, and chemical composition during its growth. At 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days after transplanting the seedlings to the nutrient solution the following observations were measured: dry matter of leaves (DML) and total (DMT), and leaf area of the leaves (AL). These measurements were used to evaluate the physiological index, leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and relative growth rate (RGR). The exchange of gases was evaluated at 20, 45 and 85 days after transplantation. At 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days after transplantation, fresh samples of foliage were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. These samples were stored in a freezer for later analyzes of pigmentation, total flavonoids, total phenols, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant potential. The essential oil was evaluated at 60, 80 and 100 days after transplantation. The experiment was randomized with the following factors: four repetitions in a design 4x5 (4 treatments and 5 harvest timeframe) to evaluate the growth and biochemical results, 4x3 for exchange of gases and 3X3 for the analysis of essential oil composition. The results of this experiment indicates that the variation of the nutrient solution’s concentration can stimulate or inhibit the growth Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare, particularly in more concentrated solutions. Plants grown with more concentrated solutions showed a decrease of DML, DMT and AL, which interfered with the physiological indices. Additionally, a reduction in the exchange of gases was present, as well as an increase in the ...

6

Souza, e. Silva Juliana Martins de. „Estereo e sitio seletividade da epoxidação de diferentes terpenos com AI2O3 obtida via sol-gel“. [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249519.

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Orientador: Ulf Friedrich Schuchardt
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestre em Química

7

Carboni, Thaís Ribeiro. „Análise de crescimento, trocas gasosas, potencila antioxidante e óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare /“. Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108463.

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Orientador: Carmen Silvia Fernades Boaro
Banca: Márcia Ortiz Mayo Marques
Banca: Jão Domingos Rodrigues
Resumo: Plantas de Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, tipo Paddy-Fan, em solução nutritiva no2 de Hoagland e Arnon (1950) 100% (completa), 75%, 50% e 25%. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o crescimento, trocas gasosas e potencial antioxidante de plantas da subespécie Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare submetidas a variação da concentração de nutrientes em solução nutritiva, bem como avaliar a influência desse fator na caracterização química do óleo essencial sintetizado por elas. Aos 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 dias após o transplante das mudas para a solução nutritiva, a massa seca de folhas (MSF), massa seca total (MST) e as suas áreas foliares (AF) foram determinadas para a avaliação dos índices fisiológicos de razão de área foliar (RAF), razão de massa foliar (RMF), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL) e taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR). As avaliações de trocas gasosas foram realizadas aos 20, 45 e 85 dias após o transplante. Aos 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 dias após o transplante, amostras frescas da parte aérea das plantas foram coletadas, congeladas em nitrogênio líquido e armazenadas em freezer, para posterior realização das análises de pigmentos, flavonóides totais, fenóis totais, ácido ascórbico e potencial antioxidante (DPPH). O óleo essencial foi avaliado aos 60, 80 e 100 dias após o transplante. O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema 4x5 (4 tratamentos e 5 épocas de colheita) para avaliação do crescimento e análises bioquímicas, 4x3 para as trocas gasosas e 3X3 para a análise da composição do óleo essencial. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a variação da concentração da solução nutritiva pode estimular ou inibir o desenvolvimento de Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare. As plantas cultivadas com soluções mais concentradas apresentaram diminuição de AF, MSF e MST, que interferiu com os índices fisiológicos. Além disso, ...
Abstract: Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare plants were grown in a Paddy-Fan greenhouse, with 100% (complete), 75%, 50%, and 25% Hoagland and Arnon (1950) #2 nutrient solution. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the complete nutrient solution with the various diluted solutions, with regards to the growth of the Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare, its gas exchange, antioxidant potential, and chemical composition during its growth. At 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days after transplanting the seedlings to the nutrient solution the following observations were measured: dry matter of leaves (DML) and total (DMT), and leaf area of the leaves (AL). These measurements were used to evaluate the physiological index, leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and relative growth rate (RGR). The exchange of gases was evaluated at 20, 45 and 85 days after transplantation. At 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days after transplantation, fresh samples of foliage were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. These samples were stored in a freezer for later analyzes of pigmentation, total flavonoids, total phenols, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant potential. The essential oil was evaluated at 60, 80 and 100 days after transplantation. The experiment was randomized with the following factors: four repetitions in a design 4x5 (4 treatments and 5 harvest timeframe) to evaluate the growth and biochemical results, 4x3 for exchange of gases and 3X3 for the analysis of essential oil composition. The results of this experiment indicates that the variation of the nutrient solution's concentration can stimulate or inhibit the growth Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare, particularly in more concentrated solutions. Plants grown with more concentrated solutions showed a decrease of DML, DMT and AL, which interfered with the physiological indices. Additionally, a reduction in the exchange of gases was present, as well as an increase in the ...
Mestre

8

Abell, Andrew David. „Some mechanistic, stereochemical and structural problems in terpenoid chemistry /“. Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha141.pdf.

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Flach, Adriana. „Ecologia quimica de Maxillariinae, Spathodea campanulata e Meliponiinae“. [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249340.

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Orientador: Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: O presente trabalho foi dividido em três partes todas relacionadas a química das relações entre os seres vivos. Na primeira parte do trabalho estudou-se a química da polinização de orquídeas da subtribo Maxillariinae em termos da composição dos voláteis e recompensas florais coletadas pelos polinizadores. Discutiu-se também os compostos envolvidos na atração dos polinizadores de Mormolyca ringens e Trigonidium obtusum. Identificou-se, nesta etapa uma série de compostos: hidrocarbonetos, terpenos, álcoois, aldeídos, cetonas, ésteres, etc. Em um segundo momento determinou-se a composição química do néctar de Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae), uma planta relatada como tóxica. Identificou-se, além de carboidratos, compostos secundários como terpenos, esteróides e carboidratos acetilados. Também foram identificados os constituintes voláteis: 1-octen-3-ol e 1-octen-3-ona. Na última parte do trabalho explorou-se a modificação química das ceras de duas espécies de abelhas que estabeleceram uma relação de convivência em um mesmo ninho. A composição química das ceras de operárias de colônias puras e de colônias mistas de M. scutellaris apresentaram perfis químicos diferentes produzindo nas colônias puras uma série de n-alcanos e n-alcenos enquanto que a colônia mista apresentou elevado percentual de acetato de triacontanila. As ceras das colônias de M. rufiventris apresentaram variações nas proporções de hidrocarbonetos.
Abstract: This work is presented in three distincts parts, ali of them concerning the chemistry involved in inter-specific relations. In the first part we discuss the pollination chemistry of orchids, subtribe Maxillariinae, in terms of floral volatiles and rewards collected by polinators. It is also discussed the compounds involved in polinattors attraction by Mormlyca rigens and Trigonidium obtusum. At this stage we have identified hydrocarbons, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, etc. In the second chapter we analyzed the chemical composition of Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) nectar. Occurence wich has been considered toxic, due to the dead insects inside the flower. Morever, we identified some secondary metabolites as terpenes, steroids and acetylated sugars. Volatiles compounds as 1-octen-3-ol and 1-octen-3-one were also identified. The last part explores the chemical modification in waxes from two bees species that established coexistence in the same nest. We compare the chemical modification of waxes from worker bees in pure and mixed colonies of Meliponia rufiventris and Melipona scutellaris. Revealing that the ratio of alkanes, alkenes, were altered in M. rufiventris colonies. M. scutellaris pure colonie produce alkanes and alkanes and the chemistry of mixed colonies were altered producing high ratio of triacontanyl acetate.
Doutorado
Quimica Organica
Doutor em Ciências

10

Dionísio, Ana Paula. „Produção e estudo biológico de compostos de aromas obtidos a partir da biotransformação de carotenóides“. [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256730.

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Orientador: Gláucia Maria Pastore
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A biotransformação de carotenóides é um campo de crescente interesse para a indústria de aromas, uma vez que podem ser obtidos compostos considerados como ¿naturais¿, de grande aplicabilidade industrial e que podem apresentar, em muitos casos, propriedades biológicas interessantes. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi efetuar um estudo de biotransformação de carotenóides seguida de uma otimização do processo, avaliar o uso de sub-produtos industriais para barateamento do processo, realizar a biotransformação de outros substratos terpênicos para formação de compostos voláteis e por fim, estudar as propriedades biológicas dos produtos voláteis derivados de carotenóides. O capítulo 1 apresenta uma revisão bilbiográfica sobre bio-oxidação de terpenos, focando especialmente no uso monoterpenos e b-caroteno como substrato. O capítulo 2 trata do isolamento de micro-organismos a partir de fontes naturais ricas em b-caroteno. Das mais de 400 linhagens avaliadas, cerca de 60 apresentaram um potencial para biotransformação de carotenóides, evidenciado por um halo de degradação característico formado ao redor da colônia inoculada em uma placa contendo b-caroteno. Em seguida, a técnica de microextração em fase sólida (SPME) foi usada para extração e concentração dos compostos voláteis formados na biotransformação pelas linhagens selecionadas, e os compostos foram identificados por CG-DIC e CG-EM. O estudo das variáveis envolvidas no processo de biotransformação de b-caroteno pela linhagem LB398APD é reportada no Capítulo 3. Para isso, um Placket-Burman (PB16) foi realizado inicialmente para seleção de variáveis, e seguindo o processo de planejamento experimental, um fatorial 22 com os parâmetros significativos do PB foi realizado. Em posse dos resultados da otimização, o Capítulo 4 retrata o uso de meios alternativos para o desenvolvimento de biomassa pela linhagem LB398APD. O micro-organismo possuiu um desenvolvimento em meio manipueira superior ao meio convencional, com condições ótimas do sistema alcançadas usando 60 % de manipueira, 30 °C e 300 rpm (produção de biomassa em 24h = 4,6g.L-1). Entretanto, quando glicerol foi usado como fonte de carbono, o desenvolvimento de biomassa não foi obtido com sucesso. Além dos ensaios usando b-caroteno como substrato, outros terpenos também foram avaliados com algumas linhagens fúngicas isoladas, e essa biotransformação é reportada no Capítulo 5. Carvona e carveol foram obtidos quando o limoneno foi usado como única fonte de carbono, e o uso de Paecilomyces sp. parece ser a primeira vez onde esse micro-organismo é reportado na literatura para ensaios e biotransformação. Por fim, o Capítulo 6 trata de alguns estudos ¿in vitro¿ com compostos de aromas derivados de carotenóides. Os resultados alcançados geram a possibilidade para esses compostos seres utilizados industrialmente como ¿aromas funcionais¿, pois apresentaram resultados extremamente interessantes quando esses terpenos foram usados em 12 células tumorais, representando resultados muitas vezes superiores ao controle positivo (doxorrubicina)
Abstract: The biotransformation of carotenoids is a field of growing interest to the flavor industry, once the compounds obtained can be labeled as "natural", with high industrial applicability and that may present, in many cases, interesting biological properties. Chapter 1 reviews a variety of techniques developed till the present days for the oxidation of terpenes, especially monoterpenes and ß-carotene, to volatile compounds. In sequence, Chapter 2 deals with the screening of microorganisms from natural sources rich in ß-carotene. Among more than 400 strains evaluated, 60 exhibited a potential for biotransformation of carotenoids, as evidenced by a characteristic degradation halo formed around the colonies inoculated on a plate containing ß-carotene. Afterwards, the solid phase microextraction technique (SPME) was used to extrain and concontrate the aroma compounds produced by the selected strains, and the analysis were conduced by GC-FID and GC-MS. The study of the variables involved in the biotransformation of ß- carotene by the LB398APD strain is reported in Chapter 3. For this, a Placket-Burman (PB16) was initially performed for the screening of the variables, and following the experimental design process, a 22 factor with the significant parameters selected in the PB was performed. In sequence, Chapter 4 shows the use of alternative culture media for the biomass development by the LB398APD strain. The microorganism demonstrated a development in the cassava wastewater media higher than in the conventional media, and the optimum system conditions were achieved by using 60 % of cassava wastewater, 30 °C and 300 rpm (biomass production in 24 hours = 4.6 gL-1). In addition to the tests using ß-carotene as substrate, other terpenes were also tested with some fungal strains, and this biotransformation is reported in Chapter 5. Carvone and carveol were obtained when limonene was used as the sole carbon source. The use of Paecilomyces sp. seems to be the first report in literature for biotransformation assays. Finally, Chapter 6 deals with some in vitro studies with carotenoids derived aroma compounds. The promising results create the possibility for such compounds to be used as "functional flavors"
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

Mehr Quellen

Bücher zum Thema "Terpenes":

1

Ho, Tse-Lok. Enantioselective synthesis: Natural products from chiral terpenes. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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Breitmaier, E. Terpenes: Flavors, fragrances, pharmaca, pheromones. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH, 2006.

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3

Dev, Sukh. CRC handbook of terpenoids--Triterpenoids. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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Vlad, P. F. Sintez i primenenie dushistykh veshchestv iz labdanovykh diterpenoidov. Kishinev: "Shtiint͡s︡a", 1988.

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5

Yu, Shishan. San tie hua xue. 8. Aufl. Beijing Shi: Hua xue gong ye chu ban she, 2008.

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Kurata, Takeo. Terupenoido no kōsentakuteki gōsei ni kansuru kenkyū. Kawasaki-shi: Meiji Daigaku Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyūjo, 1995.

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Connolly, J. D. Dictionary of terpenoids. London: Chapman & Hall, 1991.

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8

Conference on Terpene Chemistry (1986 Grasse, France). Progress in terpene chemistry: Proceedings of the Conference on Terpene Chemistry, Grasse, France, 24th-25th April, 1986. Gif-sur-Yvette, France: Éditions Frontières, 1986.

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Hammer, Günther. Geschichte der ätherischen Öle und Terpene bis 1881 unter Berücksichtigung des industriellen Einsatzes. München: Institut für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, 2000.

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Semenov, A. A., d-r khim. nauk. und Novosibirskiĭ institut organicheskoĭ khimii, Hrsg. Terpenoidy khvoĭnykh rasteniĭ. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1987.

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Mehr Quellen

Buchteile zum Thema "Terpenes":

1

Banik, Bimal Krishna, Abhishek Tiwari und Biswa Mohan Sahoo. „Terpenes“. In Terpenoids, 557–88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003008682-18.

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Banik, Bimal Krishna, Abhishek Tiwari und Biswa Mohan Sahoo. „Terpenes“. In Terpenoids, 589–610. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003008682-19.

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Wedman-St. Louis, Betty. „Terpenes“. In Cannabis, 63–66. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203730591-6.

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Pengelly, Andrew. „Terpenes.“ In The constituents of medicinal plants, 73–94. 3. Aufl. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243079.0005.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the various structures and biosynthesis and biosynthetic pathways of terpenes and terpenoids (terpenes with oxygen) from medicinal plants, such as Ginkgo biloba, Picrorhiza kurroa, Rehmannia glutinosa, olives and ginger, among others.

5

Xavier, Virginie, Rafael Spréa, Tiane C. Finimundy, Sandrina A. Heleno, Joana S. Amaral, Lillian Barros und Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira. „Terpenes“. In Natural Secondary Metabolites, 107–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18587-8_5.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. „Mixed Terpenes“. In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 358. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_6655.

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Gooch, Jan W. „Monocyclic Terpenes“. In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 473. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7679.

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Reynolds, William F., und Raul G. Enriquez. „Chapter 7. Terpenes: Mono-, Sesqui-, and Higher Terpenes“. In Modern NMR Approaches to the Structure Elucidation of Natural Products : Data Acquisition and Applications to Compound Classes, 251–74. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849734684-00251.

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Böttger, Angelika, Ute Vothknecht, Cordelia Bolle und Alexander Wolf. „Terpenes and Terpenoids“. In Lessons on Caffeine, Cannabis & Co, 153–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99546-5_10.

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Herbert, R. B. „Terpenes and steroids“. In The Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites, 63–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9132-9_4.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Terpenes":

1

Smith, Danielle, Lorraine Collins, Lynn Kozlowski, Richard O'Connor, Andrew Hyland und Maciej Goniewicz. „Do consumers seek out terpenes in their vaping products? Findings from a pilot study of concurrent vapers of nicotine and cannabis“. In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.30.

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Background: Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in nicotine and cannabis vaping products. Terpenes are promoted by the cannabis industry as having beneficial health effects, yet the evidence on this topic is still evolving. We examined whether vapers consider terpenes as a factor in their cannabis purchasing decisions, and their awareness of terpenes in their vaping products. Methods: We used Amazon Mechanical Turk to administer a survey on nicotine and cannabis use to 112 concurrent vapers of both substances, who resided in legal cannabis policy environments. Participants were asked to select from a list of 14 non-mutually exclusive factors that influence their cannabis purchases, including terpene content. Those who endorsed terpenes as a factor in their cannabis purchases were asked to identify specific terpenes they sought. A subset of vapers who used cannabis e-liquids (n = 86) were asked to identify ingredients present in their products from a list of six pre-specified constituents, including terpenes. Responses were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results: The top five factors influencing cannabis purchasing decisions were THC content (83%), price (79%), smell/taste (59%), availability (58%), and strain (47%); terpene content ranked 11th (13%) out of the list of 14 purchase-related factors. Among those who sought out terpenes (n = 13), most reported seeking products containing limonene (67%), terpinolene (40%), myrcene (40%), and linalool (33%). Terpenes were the most frequently reported individual e-liquid constituent among participants who vaped cannabis oils in an e-cigarette, with nearly one-quarter (24%) of participants selecting this option. Conclusions: In this sample of co-users, most vaping consumers did not cite terpenes as a major factor in their cannabis purchases. Among the few who did, limonene was the most commonly sought after terpene, which is also present in many nicotine containing e-liquids. Nearly one-quarter of those vaping cannabis oils reported awareness of terpenes as a constituent in their vaping product. Findings support monitoring consumer awareness of terpene-containing products as well as any increases in use as the cannabis vaping market evolves.

2

Coats, Joel R. „Biorepellents: Natural and biorational terpenes“. In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92186.

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Prebihalo, Sarah, Geoffrey Dubrow, Pierluigi Delmonte und Rahul Pawar. „Development of a method for the identification and quantification of terpenes and cannabinoids in hemp using multidimensional gas chromatography and quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry“. In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/gtan2234.

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Since the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, hemp-containing food products, including those marketed as dietary supplements, have proliferated in the U.S. marketplace, necessitating the development of analytical methods for the identification and quantification of cannabinoids in hemp. Reports suggesting a possible contribution of terpenes on the effects of cannabinoids further expands the demand for analytical methods that can accurately determine the terpenes profile for these products. Due to the complex composition of hemp, one-dimensional chromatographic methods may be proven to be insufficient for unmasking trace level terpenes which may play an important role in the chemical properties of hemp-materials. To address this challenge, a method combining multidimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry has been developed. The reported method provides accurate analysis of fifty-six terpenes and nine cannabinoids, including but not limited to, CBD and D-9-THC, in various varieties of hemp plant material.

4

Kessler, Travis, Amina SubLaban und J. Hunter Mack. „Predicting the Cetane Number, Sooting Tendency, and Energy Density of Terpene Fuel Additives“. In ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2022-91163.

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Abstract Discovering renewable fuels and fuel additives is paramount in reducing carbon emissions from internal combustion engines. Terpenes, a group of compounds that can be synthesized from plant matter and microorganisms, have gained significant interest in recent years as promising candidates for fuels/additives. Terpenes are a diverse class of compounds that contain rings and methyl branches, resulting in high energy densities and optimal cold weather behavior. Their variation in bond order, carbon chains, and functional groups lead to varying degrees of soot formation and performance in existing engines. The present work leverages predictive models, namely artificial neural networks, to predict the cetane number (CN), sooting tendency (quantified with yield sooting index, YSI), and energy density (quantified with lower heating value, LHV) of terpenes and hydrogenated terpenes whose sooting propensities were previously determined through experimental means. Predicted sooting propensities of these terpenes are compared with experimental values, and predicted cetane numbers and energy densities are used to comment on the compounds’ ability to act as fuels/additives. Expected prediction errors for CN, YSI, and LHV, defined by blind test set median absolute error, are within 5.56 cetane units, 3.63 yield sooting index units, and 0.77 MJ/kg respectively. Additionally, the present work investigates a variety of correlation/dependence metrics for property-property relationships, furthering our understanding of how combustion-relevant properties are related.

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Herenda, Safija, Edhem Hasković, Denis Hasković und Ena Hasković. „Inhibitory effect of terpenes on acetylcholinesterase activity“. In RAD Conference. RAD Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2021.1.7.

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Melkumyan, Mariam, Nicole Lookfong, Wesley Raup-Konsavage, Kent Vrana und Yuval Silberman. „Effects of cannabidiol with and without other cannabinoids and terpenes on short-term and long-term stress-related behaviors“. In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.02.

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Introduction: Stress-related disorders, such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, are a primary reason for treatment (and self-medication) with medical cannabis products. Research suggests endocannabinoids regulate neurotransmitters involved in stress but whether phytocannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) reduce stress behaviors is not fully established. To that end, we sought to examine how CBD with and without other cannabinoids or terpenes might alter behavior in mouse models of short-term and long-term responses to acute stressors. Methods: For short-term stress responses, adult male C57Bl/6J mice received a 30-60-minute restraint stress followed by testing with open field and light-dark box tests. Mice were treated with vehicle, CBD (10mg/kg), or CBD with low dose delta-9-tetrahydrocanabinol (THC, 2.5mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg CBD for 10mg/kg total cannabinoid content) 45-60 minutes prior to stress exposure. For long-term stress behavior, mice underwent conditioned place avoidance to restraint plus predator odor contexts, with controls receiving individual stressors or no stress. Avoidance to the stress paired context was examined 1, 7, and 28 days later. Groups received vehicle, CBD (3.07 mg/ml CBD, 3mg/kg cannabigerol, low terpenes), CBD+THClo-terp (3.07 mg/ml CBD, 3mg/kg cannabigerol, 0.76 mg/ml THC, low terpenes), or CBD+THChi-terp (3.29 mg/ml CBD, 3mg/kg cannabigerol, 0.76 mg/ml THC, high terpenes) 30-45 minutes after stress exposure. Researchers were blinded to treatment conditions during all analyses. Results: In the short-term experiments, mice treated with CBD trended towards an increase in the time spent and decreased latency to enter the light side of the light-dark box compared to vehicle, suggesting reduced anxiety-like behaviors. Additionally, CBD treated mice showed reductions in freezing, immobility time, and latency to enter the center of the open field compared to vehicle treated mice, with no differences in the time spent in the center of the field. CBD+THC treatment showed no significant differences compared to vehicle. In the long-term experiments, mice exposed to restraint plus predator odor showed reduced time spent in the stress paired chamber on days 1, 7, and 28 post-stress, although there did appear to be stress susceptible and resilient mice in this paradigm. Avoidance behaviors were not seen when stressors were presented individually or if no stress was used. In this paradigm, CBD+THClo-terp was the only treatment to reduce avoidance behavior at the post-stress time points tested. Conclusions: These results suggest that CBD has a differential effect on anxiety-like behaviors based on type of stress, post-stress timing of behavioral testing, and CBD/THC/cannabigerol/terpene content. Further studies are needed to uncover the effect of phytocannabinoids on short-term and long-term stress responses as well as related neurotransmitters and circuitries driving these effects.

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Mani, G., B. Srinivasa Rao, M. N. V. G. A. Deepthi und Chitturi Prasad. „AI in Terpenes Categorization using: GC and MS Cycles“. In 2022 International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icears53579.2022.9752228.

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Alves, Geomar Souza, Fábio Luiz Paranhos Costa, Antônio Maia de Jesus Chaves Neto und Gunar Vingre da Silva Mota. „Análise de RMS de 13C usando GIAO, CSGT e IGAIM: Fatores de escalonamentos de Terpenos“. In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol2020153.

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Terpenes are natural products that have several biological and pharmacological properties that are directly related to their chemical structures. In the structural determination of organic molecules, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is used on a large scale. The chemical shift (δ) being the most important parameter. The present study aims to develop and test (the elemol molecule will be used for this purpose) δ scaling factors from 13C to terpenes, based on linear regressions. 10 complex sesquiterpene molecules were selected with the unmistakably determined structures (confirmed with X-ray crystallography). The geometries were optimized at the B3LYP / 6-311 + G (d, p) level, in the gaseous phase, and the δ will be obtained at the PBE0 / aug-cc-pvdz level with three different approaches GIAO, CSGT and IGAIM, in phase gaseous and liquid, where the PCM model (polarized continum model) was used. The TMS (tetramethylsilane) was used as a reference and the experimental data of 13C were obtained in chloroform. The results of scaled RMS for the terpenes used to generate the scaling factors show that when the effects of the solvent are taken into account, even implicitly, there is an improvement in the reproduction of experimental data. However, the difference in scaled RMS values is not large enough to justify taking into account interactions with the solvent, at least with the PCM model. It is interesting to note that with the level of theory PBE0 / aug-cc-pvdz, the GIAO method presented a lower performance than the other 2 used. Another interesting point is that its calculation time, according to the simulations generated in this work, was, on average, 30% greater than the CSGT and IGAIM. Thus, for studies with terpenes, with this level of theory, the use of the GIAO method is not indicated.

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M.S. AL-JANABI, Nidhal, und Sarah Abd-ALK. M. „INVESTIGATION THE MOST EFFICIENT EXTRACTION METHOD FOR OLEANOLIC ACID FROM OLIVE PLANT AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION“. In VIII.International ScientificCongressofPure,AppliedandTechnological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress8-19.

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The effect of five solvents was tested, including water, ethyl alcohol 80%, methyl 80%, ethyl acetate and butanol, in order to reach the most efficient solvent for extraction oleanolic acid (Triterpen), depending on the extraction yield, which reached the in leaves 0.9, 1, 0.2, 0.2, and 0.5 g /100 g, respectively, less than in fruits and then Kernels. Five extraction methods were tested .Maceration in hot water, ethyl alcohol (80%), Soxhlet method, Reflux extraction, Microwave, and Defatting with petroleum ether (DPE) method. The latter method distinguished by the amount of yield by 4g/100g, the yield of other extraction methods ranged from 0.1-0.7g/100g. The results of the qualitative chemical detection of the active compounds from the three parts of the olive plant (leaves, fruits and Kernels) showed that the leaves were distinguished by containing a number of active compounds with the appearance of a precipitate, color or foam, as the contained terpenes. total terpenes another indicator to determine the plant part with the highest quantitative content. The results of the experiment indicated the superiority of olive leaves in their content of total terpenes for the five solvents with rates ranging from 40-90% in the leaves and then 39-70% in the fruits and the Kernels are lowest 20-50.Crystals of Oleanolic acid were appeared yellow and needle-shaped under microscope melting point was 299-205 C 0

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Silva, Rafaela, Luciana Felinto und Maria Ferreira. „TERPENES: NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH POTENTIAL USES IN LUNG CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY“. In MOL2NET 2018, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 4th edition. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-04-05556.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Terpenes":

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Ibdah, Mwafaq, Dorothea Tholl und Philipp W. Simon. How temperature stress changes carrot flavor: Elucidating the genetic determinants of undesired taste in carrots. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598171.bard.

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Global climate change and warming temperatures represent the greatest future challenge for global food production and quality. In this project, we will define the genetic factors of climate-associated taste deficiencies in carrot. Carrot is considered one of the leading horticultural crops in the world in terms of its nutritional value, health benefits, and unique flavor based on its high content of carotenoids and volatile aroma compounds. In recent years, carrot genotypes of different color with improved nutraceutical attributes have been developed. When exposed to high growth temperatures, carrots develop an undesired harsh and bitter taste caused by the accumulation of terpene metabolites. This taste deficiency represents a quality defect to carrot breeders and large- scale growers and needs to be minimized for successful marketing of carrot crops. Surprisingly, the genetic determinants of bitter and harsh flavor in carrot and their response to temperature stress are not well characterized. We started to elucidate these factors in different carrot cultivars by investigating the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes, which represent the predominant flavor compounds in carrots. Also, up to date we identified and characterized two terpenesynthase enzymes, one of which produces (E)-β- caryophyllene, a major terpene component in carrot root. Both TPSs may contribute to the observed variation in volatile terpene formation.

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Shulha, Oleksandr. English Lavender Essential Oil Laboratory Guidance Document. ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59520/bapp.lgd/dhaf0609.

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Lavender oil obtained from the flowers of English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lamiaceae) is widely used in the production of fragrances, cosmetics, food, beverage products, and pharmaceuticals. The essential oil (EO) is used orally, by inhalation as a sleep aid, and can be applied topically for skin treatment. Adulteration of lavender oil is considered to be widespread due to high product demand and lower prices for chemically similar EOs and compounded fragrances. Some of the known adulterants are EOs from spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia Medik.) or lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel, syn. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. × Lavandula latifolia Medik.), vegetable oils, glycols, and naturally occurring volatile compounds from lower-cost sources (linalool, linalyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate). This Laboratory Guidance Document (LGD) presents a review of various analytical methods used to detect adulteration of EO of English lavender with lavandin, spike lavender, linalool and linalyl acetate-rich EOs, terpenes, and other chemicals. This document can be used in conjunction with the “Adulteration of English Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) EO Botanical Adulterants Prevention Bulletin” published by the ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program in 2020.

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Croteau, R. [Regulation of terpene metabolism]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6984681.

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Croteau, R. [Regulation of terpene metabolism]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6984921.

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Croteau, Rodney. Regulation of Terpene Metabolism. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822599.

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Croteau, R. [Regulation of terpene metabolism]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6687649.

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Croteau, R. [Regulation of terpene metabolism]. [Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6984924.

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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor und Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, März 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.

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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.

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Croteau, R. [Regulation of terpene metabolism]. Progress report, [March 15, 1993--March 14, 1994]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10132774.

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Croteau, R. Regulation of terpene metabolism. Final technical report, March 15, 1988--March 14, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296879.

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