Zeitschriftenartikel: „Terai and Dooars Region“

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Mukherjee, Mainak, Sourav Chakraborty, Sahadeb Sarkar, Sumedha Saha, Soumya Majumder, Arindam Ghosh und Malay Bhattacharya. „Soil Nutritional Status of Tea Plantations in Plains of Sub Himalayan West Bengal, India“. Current Agriculture Research Journal 8, Nr. 3 (28.12.2020): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.8.3.10.

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Tea is the most consumed beverages after water. In Terai and Dooars region of sub Himalayan West Bengal, India, tea plantations are around 150 years. Exploitation of tea garden soil over centuries has led to decline in soil fertility and crop productivity after all initiatives of external inputs. As nutrients play a crucial role in quality and quantity of manufactured tea, the present initiative has been designed to quantify the soil nutrient status of tea growing Terai and Dooars region. 79.62% (Terai) and 84.72% (Dooars) of the soil samples were found to have normal pH. 47.21% (Terai) and 49.3% (Dooars) of soil samples was found to have normal organic carbon. 12.03% and 20.82% of soil from Terai and Dooars showed low total nitrogen. Both the organic carbon and nitrogen in soil are positively correlated. Phosphorus (as P2O5) content of soil is extremely site and depth specific. Almost all samples of the study area showed high potassium (as K2O) content. Monoculture, change in rainfall pattern and inorganic additives have contributed enormous stress to soil but despite of all these odds the overall nutritional richness of these tea growing regions seems to be satisfactory.

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Mazumder, Mallika, und Anup Kumar Sarkar. „Ethnobotanical survey of indigenous leafy vegetables consumed in rural areas of Terai-Dooars region of West Bengal, India“. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, Nr. 12 (26.09.2019): 14612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5039.11.12.14612-14618.

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There is always a need for novel, high quality, functional and inexpensive foods among consumers in the global markets. Leafy vegetables can fulfill such needs. Leafy vegetables are now used worldwide as food for their nutritional and medicinal values. In the present work an ethnobotanical survey was carried out on the utilization of edible plants by local communities of the Terai-Dooars Region of West Bengal. The information has been documented by interviewing traditional farmers, herbalists, various older men and women following different ethnobotanical methods. A total of 103 plant species under 44 families with their short botanical description, use, range of demands and cultivation status have been documented.

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Roy, Nirmal Chandra. „Factors Influencing Industrial Relations in the Indian Tea Industry: Study in the Darjeeling, Terai, and Dooars Region“. International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management 1, Nr. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2021.10037456.

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Shit, Nonigopal, Dilip Kumar Hajra, Mrityunjay Mandal und Rahul Deb Mukherjee. „SEASONAL INFLUENCE ON PREVALENCE OF HAEMOPROTOZOAN PARASITIC DISEASES IN CROSSBRED CATTLE UNDER TERAI-DOOARS REGION OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA“. Exploratory Animal and Medical Research 13, Nr. 2 (01.12.2023): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52635/eamr/13.2.191-197.

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Roy, Nirmal Chandra. „Factors influencing industrial relations in the Indian tea industry: study in the Darjeeling, Terai and Dooars regions“. International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management 25, Nr. 1 (2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2022.120920.

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Bharati, Minu, Prasanta Saha und Dhiraj Saha. „Variation in Esterase Activity Among Different Aedes aegypti L. Populations from the Dooars and Terai Regions of West Bengal, India“. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 71, Nr. 3 (18.11.2016): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12595-016-0193-8.

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Ghosh, Maya. „Tribal Culture in the Matrix of an Inclusive Society: A Case of Marginality of Tribes in Terai and Dooars Region of West Bengal in India“. Studies of Tribes and Tribals 12, Nr. 1 (Juli 2014): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972639x.2014.11886688.

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MISRA, TARUN KUMAR, ANIRUDDHA SAHA, ASHIS KUMAR NANDA und PALASH MANDAL. „Effects of climatic factors on antioxidant quality of tea (Camellia sinensis) in North Bengal“. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, Nr. 7 (25.03.2022): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i7.83947.

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Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is one of the important contributors to the growing economy of NorthBengal. The phytochemical and therapeutic qualities of tea prominently altered recently due to continuous change in climatic conditions of North Bengal. The nutraceutical quality of tea is largely dependent on antioxidant attributes. For investigating the relationship between antioxidant attributes and climatic factors, the present field experiment was conducted in 18 tea gardens of Terai, Dooars and Darjeeling Hills of North Bengal during 2012–17. Antioxidant and phytochemical analysis was performed in three different harvest seasons, viz. March, June and December. Phenolic compounds including catechins were low during winter months, and then gradually increased up to warmer spring season. In stress condition, tea plants biosynthesized more flavonoids and high flavour index in Darjeeling hills. However, free-radical scavenging and metal chelating activities were found to increase from spring to winter season. The data were pooled for PCA analysis to determine the relationship between seasonal variations and tea antioxidant quality in each region of North Bengal separately. Different attributes of climatic factors significantly correlated with antioxidant quality and bioactive compounds. Variation in climate is reportedly affecting the antioxidant quality of tea and its shifting pattern grossly influences the key phytochemicals responsible for the flavour of tea.

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Mukhopadhyay, Tanmay, und Soumen Bhattacharjee. „Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analyses of Threatened Amblyceps mangois from Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India Through Rapd and ISSR Fingerprinting“. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 77, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2019-0004.

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Abstract Amblyceps mangois or the “Indian torrent catfish” is a tropical, freshwater, hill-stream species that has ornamental-commercial value and has been included within the “Endangered” category in the list of threatened freshwater fishes of India. A total fourteen populations from the Terai and Dooars region of northern West Bengal, India were analyzed to study the genetic architecture of this species with the help of RAPD and ISSR markers. The observed number of alleles (S), Nei’s gene diversity (H) and Shannon’s information index (H´ or I) showed the highest values in the Teesta river system and the lowest values in the Mahananda river system. The UPGMA-based dendrogram and PCoA, based on RAPD and ISSR fingerprints, showed that the Mahananda and the Teesta river populations formed a group distinct from the remaining Jaldhaka river population. We further considered the fourteen riverine populations into nine groups according to the continuity of the water flow for SHE analysis. It was found that the three components, i.e. the pattern of diversity (H´), richness (S) and evenness (E), have varied and fluctuated across all fourteen populations from higher to lower altitude as the river flows downstream. AMOVA, PhiPT and genetic hierarchical analyses showed that a distinct hierarchical structure is present in Amblyceps populations in the study region. Low levels of genetic diversity/variation and genetic hierarchical structure with high genetic divergence were found in the present study as an indicator of the recent picture of threatened status of this species. This study is the initial attempt to characterize and evaluate the genetic architecture of the species from this region and there is a scope to manage the evolutionary significant units (ESU) for conservation purpose.

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Das, Soma, Ananda Mukhopadhyay und Somnath Roy. „MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, DEVELOPMENTAL TRAITS AND SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF LOOPER PESTS (LEPIDOPTERA : GEOMETRIDAE) OF TEA CROP“. Journal of Biopesticides 03, Nr. 01 (01.06.2010): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.3.1.16-19.

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ABSTRACT Caterpillars of three major geometrid species such as, Hyposidra talaca, H. infixaria and Buzura suppressaria frequently attack tea plantations of sub-Himalayan plains of Terai and the Dooars region. The feeding activity of these pests often leads to heavy defoliation of tea bushes almost throughout the year. A clear understanding of the morphological diversity of these sympatric species is necessary at all life stages in order to contemplate their management strategies. Field observations indicated that amongst the loopers there is a dominance of H. talaca and H. infixaria at different seasons compared to the third species, B. suppressaria. Although a clear morphological difference of the adult moths of three concerned species was evident along with their distinct morphometry and weights, the larval instars of the congeners of Hyposidra were difficult to distinguish. However, a significant difference was observed in their development periods, which were 55 days for H. talaca and 48 days for H. infixaria. A clear distinction of the concerned species based on morphometrics and weight of pupa was also evident. In recent past, loopers have assumed the status of severe pest of tea in the sub- Himalayan plains mainly due to invasion of the two species of Hyposidra that have joined B. suppressaria in sharing the tea leaves as their ideal host. The newer pest species of Hyposidra otherwise known to occur on forest and fruit plants have of late turned to be a major defoliator of tea.

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Guria, Srikanta. „MORPHOFUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HEMOCYTES IN INSECTS (ORTHOPTERA) COLLECTED FROM MURTI AND ADJOINING AREAS (DOOARS) AND DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL FIELDS OF NORTH 24 PARGANAS, WEST BENGAL“. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 12, Nr. 04 Suppl 1 (31.12.2021): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.s1202112439.

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A small village named Murti is situated along the bank of river Murti in Dooars. The adjacent area of murti is rich in insect biodiversity. Knowledge on the diversity and the role of Orthopteran insects in tea ecosystem of West Bengal including Dooars and Terai is very scanty. Hemocytes are the chief immune cells of insects. The number and shape of hemocytes can change rapidly in response to environmental stress and pollution. Grasshopper (Orthoptera) species were collected from Murti and adjoining areas and from different agricultural fields of North 24 Parganas (West Bengal). Hemolymph was stained by Giemsa, and Neutral Red. Cellular morphology and phagocytosis was examined. Normal cell shape and behavioural activities like phagocytosis, cell-cell fusion was observed in insects collected from Murti, and adjoining areas of Dooars. But in case of insect hemocytes isolated from different agricultural fields of North 24 Parganas and its adjacent sites showed altered shape and different phases of cell death like degeneration of nuclei, formation of membrane blebs and rupture of plasma membrane. Toxic environmental pollutants may be responsible for alteration of hemocytes size and function which may effect on biodiversity. Hemocytes can be used as an effective bio-indicator by which the health of the ecosystem can be screened.

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Agrawal, Kapil H. „Screening of hypertension among rural community of Nepal“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, Nr. 1 (23.12.2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175773.

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Background: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder, posing a major public health challenge to population in socioeconomic and epidemiological transition. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in the rural community. Methods: Community-based cross sectional study was conducted in Chotkiram nagar village of Rupandehi district of Western Nepal. Door to door screening for hypertension was done using mercury sphygmomanometer. Other study variables included demographic factors only such as age and sex. The data was collected from 7th June 2016 to 20th June 2016. All the households in the village were screened and all the persons over 18 years of age in the households were subjected to blood pressure measurement. Thus the sample size comprised of all persons above 18 years of age. Total subjects enrolled were 3158. All persons above (and completed) 18 years of age and holding permanent resident status in the study area at the time of study were included in the study. Pregnant women and persons not willing to give consent were the exclusion criteria set. Though, all the participants gave their consent. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in the study is 16.2%. Conclusions: Though the hypertension is significant in the current study, the prevalence is much lower than the studies done in other parts of Nepal. More prevalence studies are required in the rural areas of Terai region.

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Roy, Nirmal Chandra, und Debasish Biswas. „Closed Tea Estates: A Case Study of the Dooars Region of West Bengal, India“. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 22, Nr. 3 (30.07.2018): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262918788231.

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Since the end of the nineteenth century, it has been found that there has been a steady trend of the closure of tea estates in the sub-Himalayan region of Bengal. Besides that, a number of tea estates in the same region have not been operating properly. All these have made workers vulnerable. But this tea-producing region is monadic, and it produced during 2016–2017 358.53 million kg of tea; whereas the total production of India was 1,250.49 million kg. Evidence shows that 16 tea estates of the Duncan Group alone had been virtually closed in 2015 in the Dooars region. As a consequence, nearly 20,000 workers became jobless and subsequently several workers of the closed tea estates died of starvation and malnutrition. Further, some records have mentioned that from 2000 to 2015, 1,400 people had died in 17 closed tea estates in West Bengal. A lion’s portion of deaths has occurred in the Dooars region. In this case, an attempt has been made to unveil the root causes of the closure of tea estates located in the Dooars region in West Bengal.

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Kafle, Dol Raj. „The Historical Development of Settlement by Aryan People in Terai of Nepal“. Historical Journal 13, Nr. 1 (04.07.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hj.v13i1.46211.

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This research article is related to the development of settlement by Aryan people in the Terai region of Nepal. Aryan people had entered the Terai region of Nepal during the Vedic period. In ancient times, various states were developed in the region of Nepal. The Mithila state of the Eastern Terai, the Ramgram state western part of the Gandaki River and the Kapilvastu state west of the present Butwal region were developed in before the Christian era. Most of the people in those states also migrated from India. Even in the middle Age, a state called Tirahoot or Doya was developed in the eastern Terai region of Nepal. Although this kingdom came to an end in the 14thcentury AD. After the conquest of the eastern Terai region by the Sen Dynasty the king of Palpa, the three kingdoms of Makwanpur, Chaudandi and Vijaypur remained in that region till the time of unification by Prithvi Narayan Shah, the king of Gorkha. After the unification of Nepal, the ancient and medieval independent Terai regions were automatically included in the Kingdom of Nepal. The article clarifies that there has been continuous settlement in the Terai region of Nepal from ancient period to the present.

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Jamarkattel, Bal Krishna, Sindhu Prasad Dhungana, Srijana Baral, Bishwas Rana und Hari Dhungana. „Democratising Terai Forestry Governance: Emerging Innovations in the Western Terai Region of Nepal“. Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8, Nr. 2 (15.10.2009): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2306.

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The Government of Nepal has had a high interest in the Terai forest in order to harness its enormous revenue potential. However, the policies and plans formulated to this end have not attained the intended results, as these have failed to fully understand the emerging complexities in the Terai. Accordingly, policy response has often been ad hoc, inconsistent and unstable, leading to confusion and conflict on Terai forest management. Drawing on the cases of three districts of Lumbini zone in the Western Terai of Nepal, this paper discusses the forest management context of Nepal Terai, and identifies key innovations that have emerged at district and local levels. It argues that these innovations have the potential for a creative transformation of forest management planning process at district and local level, and for their wider replication and diffusion. This paper also discusses key issues that need further attention so as to maximise the impact of these innovations by putting them into practice. It highlights that emerging complexity of Nepal Terai requires much wider stakeholder engagement in order to facilitate forest management planning and implementation that benefit both the government and the people. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2306 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.27-38

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Tembe, Damber. „Community Forestry and Integrated Natural Resource Management in the Churia Region of Nepal“. Journal of Forest and Livelihood 1, Nr. 1 (07.04.2024): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v1i1.59799.

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The author contends that the prevailing community forestry policy and legislations can be implemented to solve problems of Terai forest management. Based on on-going experiences in the Chure and inner Terai region in easternNepal, he puts forward an approach that integrates community forestry with natural resource management involving various stakeholder groups. The conclusion is that before attempting any change in legislation, more experiences may be gained by sincere efforts to implement community forestry in the Terai region of Nepal.

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Pokhrel, Chandra Prasad. „Assessment of plant diversity in homegardens of three ecological zones of Nepal“. Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 22 (22.09.2016): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v22i0.15472.

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Homegardens in Nepal have long been regarded as one of the most important multi-propose agroforestry systems with complex structure. The aim of the study was to assess the species diversity and richness in three different ecological regions, i.e., Mountain (Sub-alpine), Mid-hill (Temperate) and Terai (Tropical) of Nepal. In total 45 homegardens were randomly selected and examined from three different villages representing one from each ecological regions and the Shannon–wiener, Simpson index and evenness were assessed. Overall 147 species were identified mainly vegetable, fruit, fodder, spices or medicinal plants. The average size of homegardens were found to be bigger in Mid-hill (0.12 ha), however, the species number and diversity was found to be high in the Terai region (102). More similarity between plant species composition was between Terai and Mid-hill. The Shannonwiener index was found to be 1.316, 1.84 and 1.90 in the homegarden of Mountain, Mid-hill and Terai respectively. Simpson index was 0.052, 0.014 and 0.01 in homegarden of Mountain, Mid hill and Terai region, respectively. Similarly, evenness percentage was 56.29, 65.55 and 65.93 in homegarden of Mountain, Mid-hill and Terai region, respectively. Properly managed homegardens have high productivity and increased sustainability which helps in conserving agro-biodiversity, food sufficiency and economic supports including other ecological functions.ECOPRINT 22: 63-74, 2015

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Joshi, Rajeev, Tej Kumar Shrestha, Bijaya Mishra, Jeetendra Gautam, Bijay Maharjan, Kamal Raj Gosai, Tek Maraseni und Bijaya Neupane. „Assessment of Carbon Sequestration in Private Forests across Two Different Physiographic Regions of Nepal: Implications for Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation“. Scientifica 2023 (04.12.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6599067.

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Private forests offer diverse ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation, which are crucial for Nepal. However, there is a notable absence of comprehensive research on these services. Assessing carbon sequestration in private forests can have economic advantages for forest owners by promoting resource conservation and contributing to greenhouse gas reduction. This study aims to estimate and compare carbon stocks in private forests located in two distinct physiographic regions of Nepal while also identifying the factors influencing these carbon stocks. The analysis focuses on 16 private forests (with 0.1 to 0.5 hectares) each from Chitwan district (Terai region) and Kavrepalanchok district (Hilly region). Field data collection involved direct measurements of tree and sapling diameter at breast height (DBH), as well as height and class of trees and poles, utilizing a total enumeration method. These collected values were utilized to calculate aboveground biomass (AGTB), aboveground sapling biomass (AGSB), belowground biomass, and carbon stock. Private forests of Terai region were dominated by Shorea borneensis, Tectona grandis, and Dalbergia sissoo, whereas the Hilly region was dominated by Pinus patula, Alnus nepalensis, Schima wallichii, and Quercus leucotrichophora. The aboveground biomass carbon in the Terai region’s private forests was estimated to be 83.53 t·ha−1, while in the Hilly region, it was 37.32 t·ha−1. The belowground biomass carbon in the Terai region’s private forests was found to be 21.72 t·ha−1, compared to 9.70 t·ha−1 in the Hilly region. Consequently, the estimated total carbon stock in the Terai and Hilly regions’ private forests was 105.25 t·ha−1 (386.26 t·ha−1 CO2-eq) and 47.02 t·ha−1 (172.57 t·ha−1 CO2-eq), respectively. Carbon sequestration in the Terai region’s private forests was discovered to be 2.24 times higher than that in the Hilly region. These findings underscore the significant potential of private forests, which can generate economic benefits through carbon trading and leverage mechanisms such as REDD+/CDM to promote sustainable conservation practices.

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Barman, Jonmenjoy, Subhom Narjinary und Sankar Biswas. „Elephant Habitat Suitability Analysis of Alipurduar District, West Bengal Using Geospatial Technology“. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, Nr. 4 (01.12.2022): 1705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i04.024.

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In India’s Tarai-Dooars region, elephants are the most common wildlife species. The man-wildlife conflict has arisen as a result of forest scarcity, forest fragmentation, global climate change, land use land cover change in the Dooars region, and encroachment into forest life. Although the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 addressed the conservation of wild animals, the number of wild elephants in West Bengal was constantly changing. The goal of this project is to use geospatial technologies to determine wild elephant habitat suitability zones in West Bengal’s Alipurduar area. The first stage in the conservation and management of wild elephants is to determine their habitat suitability. To assess the result, the various habitat suitability factors/parameters of wild elephants were integrated through weighted overlay analysis in the ArcGIS environment. The result shows that the central part of the district - the Buxa forest area, holds the largest suitable environment for elephant habitat. The rest of the study area can be categorized as a medium habitat suitable area excluding some settlements and built-up areas. The authors hope the result will help the proper management and conservation of wild elephants.

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Barma, Pranab, Hriday Kamal Tarafder, Ramkrishna Sarkar und M. W. Moktan. „Performance of different mustard varieties in Terai zone of West Bengal“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 16, Nr. 1 (15.01.2021): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/16.1/31-33.

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The research on varietal screening for a specific location has done since long time. But varietal screening of Indian mustard at Terai region has meagre hitherto. Therefore, an experiment was performed to evaluate the performance of different mustard varieties in Regional Research Sub-Station (Terai Zone), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya in the year 2015-16 during Rabi season (Dec.- Feb.). The study was purposively done to evaluate five mustard varieties viz., T-9, Piloo, NC-1, PS-28 and B-9 in Terai Zone of West Bengal with respect to yield attributing characters. In brevity it was found that Pilloo is most suitable cultivar for studied areas.

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PAL, GOURI SANKAR, und NILADRI HAZRA. „Three new species of Forcipomyia (Lepidohelea) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from West Bengal, India“. Zootaxa 5419, Nr. 3 (07.03.2024): 348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.3.2.

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Three new species of the subgenus Lepidohelea Kieffer, 1917 of the genus Forcipomyia were described from the northern region of West Bengal based on morphological data. Forcipomyia (L.) inflatistyla sp. n. was collected from the Dooars region (Jayanti, near the Core area of Buxa Tiger Reserve), while two new species F. (L.) ranula and F. (L.) sulcoa were procured from Kalimpong in the Eastern Himalaya. Discovery of the three new species raises the total number of species of the genus Forcipomyia to 86 in India. A key to the Indian species of Lepidohelea is also provided.

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Rudra, Mahua, und Min Bahadur. „Inter-Population Genetic Variation in the Indian Pygmy Field Mouse Mus terricolor Blyth, 1851 (Rodentia, Muridae) from Terai and Dooars of Darjeeling Foothills“. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 72, Nr. 3 (16.10.2018): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12595-018-0274-y.

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Ghosh, Gour Sundar, und Prasenjit Deb. „Attitude of School Teachers of Dooars Region of West Bengal towards Elementary Education“. IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 6, Nr. 3 (28.03.2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v6.n3.p1.

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Teachers are one of the most important components in education system. Apart from teaching learning, teachers are directly involved towards mental, physical, moral, spiritual, and psycho-social development of the students. This study conducted in Jalpaiguri, a Sarva Shiksha Mission (SSM) district of West Bengal to evaluate and assess the level of achievement earned by the Elementary Teachers from the SSM. While the level of attitude of school teachers towards elementary education (Y) had been the dependent/predictor character (Y), the contributory factors had been Age (X1), Education of teachers (X2), Training Experience (X3), Year of Experience (X4), Engagement in other activity (X5), Family Income (X6), Social Participation (X7), Interaction with Head Teacher (X8), Interaction with School Inspectors (X9), Interaction with SSM Personnel (X10), Organizational Interfacing (X11), Involvement in SSM activities (X12), Value Judgement (X13), Response about SSM activities (X14), Use of TL Materials (X15), Exposures to Media (X16), and Opinion about present education system (X17). The statistical analysis illustrated that while the variables: like (1) Education of teachers (X2), Engagement in other activity (X5), Family Income (X6), Social Participation (X7), Interaction with Head Teacher (X8), Use of TL Materials (X15) had wielded a substantive effect on the determining level of attitude of school teachers towards elementary education (Y) and (2) variables: like Year of Experience (X4), Interaction with Head Teacher (X8) have been found to exercise significant regressional effect on the level of attitude of school teachers towards elementary education (Y).

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Joshi, Rajeev, Ramesh Chhetri und Karan Yadav. „Vegetation Analysis in Community Forests of Terai Region, Nepal“. International Journal of Environment 8, Nr. 3 (10.12.2019): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v8i3.26667.

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This paper deals with the study of vegetation analysis of tree species in Ganesh and Ramnagar community forests (CF) of the Terai region. For the study, altogether 63 concentric sample plots (each plot of 500 m2) were laid using systematic sampling with a sampling intensity of 0.5%. A total of 967 individual trees representing 16 different tree species were identified. Both CF was dominated by monospecies such as Mallotus philippensis (Ganesh CF) and Shorea robusta (Ramnagar CF) based on the Importance Value Index (I.V.I). Likewise, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was higher in Ganesh CF whereas the dominance index was low. Similarly, the index of evenness and richness was also slightly higher in Ganesh CF than Ramnagar CF. The study provided information about the structure, composition, and dominance of tree species which is essential for conservation and sustainable management of community forests. Therefore, this article serves as an example of establishing community forests so as to initiate the conservation and preservation of local biodiversity.

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Pandey, H. P. „Socio-religious Plants of Terai Region of U.P., India“. International Journal of Biological Innovations 01, Nr. 01 (2019): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2019.1104.

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Dingle, E. H., M. J. Creed, H. D. Sinclair, D. Gautam, N. Gourmelen, A. G. L. Borthwick und M. Attal. „Dynamic flood topographies in the Terai region of Nepal“. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 45, Nr. 13 (11.08.2020): 3092–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4953.

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Adhikari, Pitri Bhakta, und Upendra Bogati. „Tornado as a Disaster in Terai Region of Nepal“. Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal 6, Nr. 1 (07.06.2023): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/craiaj.v6i1.55394.

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Tornadoes are a specific type of storm and, being a natural disaster, they cannot be stopped. However, it is possible to reduce their impact. Tornadoes are formed when different types of air mix, creating molecular clouds filled with water vapor. As the clouds with dry air separate, low pressure is formed leading to the occurrence of tornadoes. They primarily occur at sea level when air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. To depict the affected areas of Bara and Parsa districts in Nepal, the ARC GIS MAPPING software is utilized to create a map. Tornadoes can be anticipated if there is a presence of dust particles and cloud formations, particularly during the pre-monsoon period. However, accurate and timely severe weather forecasting alone is insufficient to mitigate the impact of these events. The size and speed of a tornado are influenced by various factors, such as the heating system from the land, the release of latent heat within the atmosphere, local geography altitude, seasons, and land or surface features.

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Sah, Nilam, Shamsher Shrestha und Nutan Bala Singh. „Kidney Size in Healthy Adults of Terai Region, Nepal“. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 13, Nr. 1 (17.01.2023): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230117.

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Background and objectives: Studies have shown that kidney size varies in different populations across the globe. And knowledge of kidney size is important for correct interpretation of imaging studies like ultrasonography in clinical practice. This study was done to assess kidney dimensions in the Terai region, Nepal. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved healthy individuals of age 18 to 70 years. Ultrasound of abdomen was done to measure kidney dimensions which included length, width and thickness. Paired t-test was used for assessment of differences between right and left kidney dimensions. Unpaired t-test was used for assessment of differences in renal dimensions between male and female individuals. Results: There were 98 (47.1 %) males and 110 (52.9 %) females. The mean age was 34.14 years. The mean kidney length, width and thickness were 9.8 (SD 0.9) cm, 5.25 (SD 0.9) cm, and 4.23 (SD 0.7) cm respectively. The length of right and left kidney was 9.65 (SD 0.87) cm and 9.98 (SD 0.89) cm respectively (p = 0.001). The width of right and left kidney was 5.18 (SD 0.79) cm, and 5.32 (SD 0.99) cm respectively (p = 0.12). The thickness of right and left kidney was 4.05 (SD 0.63) cm, and 4.4 (SD 0.72) cm respectively (p = 0.001). When compared between male and female, the mean length, width and thickness were greater in male. However, the difference in only thickness was significant (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The average length, width and thickness of kidney were 9.8 cm, 5.25 cm and 4.23 cm respectively. The length of left kidney was greater than the right. Male kidney tended to be slightly larger than the female although the difference was not significant. Key words: kidney dimension, kidney size, renal length

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Dhakal, Subash, Susan Nakarmi, Pikam Pun, Arun Bikram Thapa und Tri Ratna Bajracharya. „Development and Testing of Runner and Conical Basin for Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant“. Journal of the Institute of Engineering 10, Nr. 1 (03.08.2014): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10895.

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The Terai region in Nepal has water resources with very low head and medium to high discharge conditions. Hence, the people of the Terai region are not being able to utilize the water resources available near them due to the limitation of technology. This study is intended to serve the purpose of further research of ultra-low head gravitational water vortex turbines useful for power generation in the Terai region. Gravitational water vortex turbine is an ultra-low head turbine which can operate in as low head as 0.7m with similar yield as conventional hydroelectric turbines characterized with positive environmental yield. This study has been carried out in two phases. In the first phase, two different turbines are to designed and fabricated and the performance characteristics of the new turbine are to be compared with that of the installed turbine. The second phase includes the design and fabrication of the conical basin. Experimental tests will be carried out and the performance of the system with the use of a conical basin will compared with that of the system using the cylindrical basin. A site testing also has been carried out to ensure the performance of system.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10895Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2014, pp. 140–148

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Jha, Birendra Kumar, Mingma Lhamu Sherpa, Binod Kumar Dahal und Jitendra Kumar Singh. „Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Adults with Central Obesity at Janakpur Zone, Nepal“. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, Nr. 4 (21.01.2021): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i4.2890.

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Background: Urbanization, surplus energy uptake, decreased physical activities are general risk factors of metabolic syndrome However, it’s status, and associated components remain unexplored in the Terai region of Nepal. This study evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among adults with central obesity of Terai region of Nepal using International Diabetes Federation criteria.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in three Terai districts of Janakpur Zone, Nepal. A total of 378 adults having central obesity were selected using cluster sampling by camp approach. Interview, physical and clinical examination, measurement of fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were conducted for all participants. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components with 95% CI were estimated.Results: The metabolic syndrome prevalence was 74.9% (95% CI:70.2-79.2%), with no significant differences between male (77.7%, 95% CI:71.0-83.5%) and female (72.2%, 95% CI: 65.2-78.3%). The most common factors observed were low high density lipoproteins with highly significant differences between male (77.7%, 95% CI:71.0-83.5%)) and female (90.2%, 95% CI: 85.094.0%-; p=0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia with significant differences between male (57.6%, 95% CI: 50.1-64.5%) and female (46.9%, 95% CI: 39.7-54.2%; p=0.037). Conclusions: Higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Janakpur of Nepal likely suggest lack of awareness and health promotion activities for metabolic syndrome and indicate an urgency for a public health program to maintain quality of life. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Nepal; prevalence; risk factors; terai

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PARAJULI, RAJENDRA P., MASAHIRO UMEZAKI und CHIHO WATANABE. „DIET AMONG PEOPLE IN THE TERAI REGION OF NEPAL, AN AREA OF MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY“. Journal of Biosocial Science 44, Nr. 4 (27.02.2012): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000065.

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SummaryIn the Terai region, despite its ecological richness, the people have long suffered from a deficiency of micronutrients such as vitamin A, iron and zinc. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary and nutritional intakes among people in the Terai region of Nepal. The results were compared by sex and ethnicity. Food consumption surveys (one-day weighed records) were conducted among 114 people (55Musharand 59Tharu). Nutritional intakes were calculated using Nepali food composition and other tables. The diet in the Terai region was characterized by a large amount of rice consumed with a tiny amount of curry ordalas a side dish. Intakes of vitamin A, iron, riboflavin and selenium were less than 50% of the recommended daily allowance irrespective of ethnicity or sex (with the exception of iron intake amongTharumales). Intakes of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus and zinc were higher among theTharuthan theMushar, while intakes of selenium and iodine were higher among theMusharthan theTharu. The nutritional significance of these differences was slight. Protein intake (per kg body weight) was lower in females than in males, while the energy-adjusted micronutrient intakes did not differ by sex. Intakes of vitamin A, iron, riboflavin and selenium were deficient among the participants. Intervention projects such as the introduction of kitchen gardens or fish farming may be effective, but will increase the degree of inequality between the two ethnic groups.

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Pal, Gouri Sankar, Shubhranil Brahma und Niladri Hazra. „One new species and new records of three species of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from West Bengal, India“. Evolutionary Systematics 7, Nr. 1 (09.02.2023): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97331.

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Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) hispida, a new species from the Dooars region of West Bengal, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and molecular data. Among the three newly recorded species, Forcipomyia (Dycea) hamoni de Meillon was known from the Eastern Himalayas while F. (Euprojoannisia) calamistrata Debenham & Wirth and F. (E.) fuscimana (Kieffer) were from the Gangetic plains of West Bengal. The supplementary descriptions and illustrations of the known species are also presented here. DNA barcoding of two newly recorded species of the subgenus Euprojoannisia Brèthes is also obtained for the first time.

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Paudel, Naya S., Prabin Bhusal, Paul Thompson, Parvin Sultana, Anukram Adhikary und Kamal Bhandari. „Transforming Forest Conflicts: Learning from North-South Conflicts over Community Forests in Terai Region of Nepal“. Journal of Forest and Livelihood 16, Nr. 1 (31.10.2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v16i1.22879.

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Continued forest conflicts in Nepal’s Terai have not only undermined sustainable forest management in the region but have also contributed to emerging social unrest that can undermine transition towards new federal Nepal. Using an action research approach involving intensive participatory research methods, this paper shares experiences of current initiatives and their challenges in transforming forest-conflicts between the northern communities and southern communities in the Terai region of Nepal. The action research process helped bring the conflicting communities together, develop a shared understanding through participatory resource assessment and analysis of socio-institutional processes among the conflicting communities, and help devise a widely acceptable benefit sharing arrangement. Consequently, there has been a substantial reduction in conflict through an inclusive and extended governance arrangement. Consideration of traditional use of forests by distant as well as adjacent communities will be helpful to reduce potential heightening of conflicts in the face of policies that emphasises more on protection and restoration of forest as a response to historical trend of deforestation and emerging threats of climate change. Finally, we suggest that enabling policies including further devolution of forest management rights to local communities and adoption of adaptive approach to resource and institutional management can help mitigate northern communities-southern communities’ conflict in Terai.

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Dipesh Kumar, K. C. „Fake Indian currency racket in Nepal’s Terai“. Journal of Money Laundering Control 20, Nr. 3 (03.07.2017): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-06-2016-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to attempt to analyse the trend of trafficking of fake Indian currency notes (FICN), which is organised in nature. It accounts the trend of the smuggling of FICN through the route of Nepal and emerging routes as a consequence of the extension and strength of the criminal gangs. Design/methodology/approach The author utilized the governmental and non-governmental reports besides journalistic reports related to the intention of fake currency trafficking to analyse the ground reality and vested interests of such crime. Findings Though the open border of Nepal with India is exaggerated as the reason behind the cross-border crimes, such as smuggling of FICN, this paper has falsified the biased perception of labelling the borderline as a crime zone. It finds an outcome of the FICN smuggling that turns the Indo–Nepal border areas as a covert battlefield of organised criminal gangs as well as secret agencies of regional powers. Research limitations/implications Due to ethical issues and limitations of research works on the topic, the descriptive analysis that could be carried out was limited. Practical implications The negative findings of the crime are implacable, in keeping in mind before establishing a good policy related to development and security of Nepal, especially the Terai region. Social implications The paper highlights social problems and challenges in the Terai region of Nepal that enforced the people residing in that area towards the fake currency racket. Hence, it urged to solve the social problems to curb the financial crime such as counterfeit notes trafficking in the region. Originality/value This study is the latest research describing and disclosing the fact behind fake currency trafficking and its consequences.

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NAYAVA, JANAK LAL, SUNIL ADHIKARY und OM RATNA BAJRACHARYA. „Spatial and temporal variation of surface air temperature at different altitude zone in recent 30 years over Nepal“. MAUSAM 68, Nr. 3 (02.12.2021): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v68i3.649.

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This paper investigates long term (30 yrs) altitudinal variations of surface air temperatures based on air temperature data of countrywide scattered 22 stations (15 synoptic and 7 climate stations) in Nepal. Several researchers have reported that rate of air temperature rise (long term trend of atmospheric warming) in Nepal is highest in the Himalayan region (~ 3500 m asl or higher) compared to the Hills and Terai regions. Contrary to the results of previous researchers, however this study found that the increment of annual mean temperature is much higher in the Hills (1000 to 2000 m asl) than in the Terai and Mountain Regions. The temperature lapse rate in a wide altitudinal range of Nepal (70 to 5050 m asl) is -5.65 °C km-1. Warming rates in Terai and Trans-Himalayas (Jomsom) are 0.024 and 0.029 °C/year respectively.

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Yadav, Bhupendra Prasad, Angie Appel, Bishnu Prasad Shrestha, Bhagawan Raj Dahal und Maheshwar Dhakal. „The Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal“. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, Nr. 16 (14.12.2020): 17203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6145.12.16.17203-17212.

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The Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus is known to occur in the Terai region since at least the late 1920s. Contemporary locality records of the Fishing Cat in this region are widely spaced, and the knowledge about the connectivity between these localities is still deficient. We present the first photographic evidence for the presence of the Fishing Cat in far western Nepal. In spring and winter 2016, we obtained 30 notionally independent events of the Fishing Cat in the floodplain of Shuklaphanta National Park at elevations of 181–221 m. This population unit may be connected to units in Indian protected areas. Further targeted surveys in adjacent wetlands and wildlife corridors are warranted to clarify its range in the Indian and Nepal Terai.

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Acharya, M. P., S. K. Adhikari, H. Awasthi, A. Jha und U. M. Singh. „Field Verification Trial of ND I-2 Vaccine in Nepal“. Nepalese Veterinary Journal 36 (01.12.2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nvj.v36i0.27748.

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A study was conducted to assess the overall performance of ND I-2 vaccine in Nepalese context to prevent Newcastle disease (ND) particularly in backyard chicken. The experimental studies were conducted at Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), NARC and field verification were carried out in different eco-zones of the country. Experiments were divided in three segments: evaluation of thermostability, longevity and field verification trial in backyard chickens. The ND I-2 vaccine was prepared at Central Biological Production Laboratory (CBPL), Tripureshwor. In thermostability evaluation antibody titer and mortality percentage showed that ND I-2 vaccine exposed up to 30°C for seven days was found effective in prevention of Newcastle Disease in village chickens. Evaluation of longevity of immunity showed that till 90 days there was protective immunity against ND and in field trials when vaccine delivered without maintaining cold chain, the vaccine gave protective immunity in mid hills and high hills region but not enough immunity in the terai region where the temperature was above 30° Celsius. This study clearly indicated that thermostable ND I-2 vaccine can be used without cold chain in high hills and mid hills in all seasons and only in winter season in the terai region of Nepal (temp. less than 30°C). In summer season, vaccination in the terai region could not give protective immunity (temp. more than 30°C) without maintaining cold chain.

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Mallik, Piyashee, und Tuhin Ghosh. „Impact of climate on tea production: a study of the Dooars region in India“. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 147, Nr. 1-2 (09.11.2021): 559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03848-x.

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Dhakal, SC. „Determinants Of Forage And Fodder Production Practices To Cope With Climate Change Adaptation Strategy By Farmers In Terai Region Of Nepal“. Agronomy Journal of Nepal 5, Nr. 01 (31.12.2021): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44848.

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Consequences generated by climate change disasters in the vulnerable agricultural system of Nepal could increase in coming days in the absence of effective adaptation strategies in the both agriculture and livestock sector. There is growing evidence that forage and fodder production activity can be a potential adaptation strategy, but adopted in a limited scale. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of forage and fodder production activity by livestock farmers in the Terai region of Nepal. Primary data collected through household survey of 600 households, 100 from each district in Morang, Sarlahi, Bara, Chitwan, Rupandehi and Banke were analyzed using logistic regression technique. Results showed that western Terai dummy and family size were negatively affecting the adoption of forage and fodder production. Whereas access to credit, size of livestock holding and training were positively and significantly affecting the adoption of the forage and fodder production activity. The magnitude of effect of these significant variables are western Terai dummy (25.2%), family size (92.60%), access to credit dummy (74.21%), size of livestock holding (10.8%) and training dummy (188.80%). Findings of the study suggested that provided opportunity to dairy farmers for participation in training on livestock production management practices and increased access to credit for making investment in dairy enterprises. Rearing livestock at commercial scale also motivates dairy farmers to produce forage and fodder in their own farm land. It is also recommended to provide lease- in land system for dairy farmers with large size family to grow forage and fodder crops aside from promotional activities are needed in western Terai region of the country in particular.

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Saiju, Rohit, G. Moore, U. Shrestha, MK Shrestha und S. Ruit. „Retinoblastoma: geographic distribution and presentation at a tertiary eye care centre in Kathmandu, Nepal“. Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 5, Nr. 2 (23.09.2013): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8708.

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Introduction: Several aspects of retinoblastoma in Nepal remain enigmatic. Objective: To assess the demographic and geographic distribution, clinical presentation, and treatment methods of retinoblastoma at a tertiary level ophthalmic institution in Kathmandu, Nepal. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of all the patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology from July 2004 to June 2008 was performed. The main outcome measures included region of residence, treatment options and histopathological findings. The histopathological analysis was performed on enucleated and exenterated specimens. Statistics: The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Version 11.5. Descriptive statistics are represented as mean ± standard deviation. All tests were two-sided and the P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty patients presented with retinoblastoma during the study period. The mean age at presentation was 2.5 ± 1.6 years (range five months to seven years). Ten of the 12 patients who presented with bilateral retinoblastoma (83 %) were from the Terai region of Nepal. The ratio of unilateral to bilateral cases in the Terai region was 1:2. This differed significantly with the ratio in the hilly region (Fisher’s Exact Test, p = 0.0012). The mean duration of symptoms before presentation was 2.5 3.2 months (range three days to 12 months). Twenty-four patients (80 %) presented with leukocoria. Eleven patients (36.6 %) presented with leukocoria as their only symptom. Ninety-seven percent of the patients underwent either enucleation (90 %) or exenteration (6.7 %) of at least one eye. Conclusion: Bilateral retinoblastoma is more prevalent in the Terai region of Nepal. The majority of the patients present with leucokoria and are treated with enucleation. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 169-176 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8708

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Bahadur Kunwar, Chitra, und Jiban Shrestha. „Evaluating Performance of Maize hybrids in Terai Region of Nepal“. World Journal of Agricultural Research 2, Nr. 1 (21.02.2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/wjar-2-1-4.

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Moock, Peter R., und Joanne Leslie. „Childhood malnutrition and schooling in the Terai region of Nepal“. Journal of Development Economics 20, Nr. 1 (Januar 1986): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(86)90004-0.

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Khatiwada, Saroj, Basanta Gelal, Prem Raj Shakya, Madhab Lamsal und Nirmal Baral. „Urinary Iodine Excretion among Nepalese School Children in Terai Region“. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 83, Nr. 1 (08.05.2015): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-015-1755-x.

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Singh, Chander Kumar, Anand Kumar und Sonal Bindal. „Arsenic contamination in Rapti River Basin, Terai region of India“. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 192 (September 2018): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.06.010.

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Baruwal, Himal. „Migration and Satisfaction: The Case of Hilly to Terai Region“. Bhairahawa Campus Journal 6, Nr. 1-2 (31.12.2023): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bhairahawacj.v6i1-2.65171.

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This article proposes a formal model of migration in which people of hilly area migrated to Terai area. Migration was taken place for the betterment of life, nuclear family choice, risk of financial management, adjustment adverse climatic condition, cultural and social differences. It shows that migration can be take place in various adverse situation and risk, surprisingly, when earning is more and less in both situations, migration can take place. I provide some evidence in support of the concerned area.

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Chaudhary, Mahesh Kumar. „Case-Marking System in Saptariya Tharu: A Typological Perspective“. Orchid Academia Siraha 2, Nr. 1 (31.12.2023): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/oas.v2i1.65605.

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This paper explores the system of case marking in the Saptariya Tharu spoken in various districts of Nepal. Saptariya Tharu is identified as a nominative and accusative language, and studies are conducted to explore its case markers and postpositions. The paper discusses nominative case, accusative-dative case, locative case, genitive case, ablative case, instrumental case, and comitative case and highlights their use and examples. In addition, the paper compares the Sapataria Tharu case marking system with other Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Nepal's Terai region. It points out that most languages in this region also have nomenclature-accusation patterns. Furthermore, this article notes the similarities between these languages, emphasizing the absence of ergative case markers and the differences between instrumental, genitive, dative, and locative markers. The research concludes that it reveals a rich case-marking system of Saptariya Tharu in a broader context of the Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Nepal's terai region, highlighting its unique linguistic characteristics and typological similarities with neighboring languages.

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Mandal, Rajesh Kumar, Rajan Pande, Jiwan Karki, Sandeep Raj Bajracharya, Vivek Malla und Prashant Subedi. „Epidemiological profile of Kala-azar in a tertiary care center of Mid Western Nepal“. Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 12, Nr. 2 (31.12.2023): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v12i2.62049.

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BACKGROUND Kala-azar has been endemic in the central and eastern Terai region of Nepal neighbouring North Bihar, India. Data of Kala-azar in Mid and Far Western Nepal is scarce. We conducted this study to highlight the burden of Kala-azar in this region. METHODS This study was a cross sectional study conducted from July 2019 to May 2023 in the Department of Internal Medicine of Bheri Hospital. A total of 112 patients diagnosed with Kala-azar were enrolled in study. Data about socio-demographic profile and outcome were entered in MS EXCEL and analyzed by SPSS 20. RESULTS A total of 112 patients were enrolled in study with female predominance 86 (76.79%). Majority of the patients 37(33.03%) were of less than 15 years of age. Kala-azar cases were distributed not only to Terai districts but also in hilly and mountainous districts of Karnali and Sudur paschim provinces. 95(84.82%) cases were new and 17 cases were relapsed cases. 98(87.50%) cases improved with treatment, 5(4.46%) cases expired while one case was referred. CONCLUSIONS Kala-azar is a neglected tropical disease in Nepal. Once confined to the tropical Terai region, it has now been moving towards hills and mountains of Mid and Far Western Nepal. Public awareness campaign and strengthening the Kala-azar treatment centers would help to attain the goal of Kala-azar elimination program of Nepal.

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Das, Uday, und Rafiqul Islam. „LIVELIHOOD REALISM: A REVIEW ON CLOSED TEA GARDENS OF DOOARS, WEST BENGAL“. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, Nr. 2 (23.02.2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i2.2021.3355.

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The paper is an attempt to understanding the ongoing livelihood realities in closed/ abandoned tea garden of Bengal-Dooars (Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar). The region produced large scale good qualities tea in more than 150 organised tea estates. Tea industry of North Bengal has been trashily affected by global economic quandary and local constraints. Many tea estates failed to manage the shock; the management closed many gardens. The garden closure and work shutdown have been produced a livelihood disaster. A school drop-out, child trafficking, Child labour mobility, rally of hunger and starvation death and extreme poverty is the ongoing livelihood phenomena in labour colonies of closed tea gardens. The present paper has discussed the particulars (housing, drinking water, medical facilities, education, liabilities etc.) of five closed gardens by using the data from TG Survey Final Report, Labour Commissionerate, Govt. of West Bengal and Tea Board of India.

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Sam, Koyel, und Dr Namita Chakma. „An Inter-Block Level Analysis of Regional Disparity in the Youngest Alipurduar District of West Bengal“. Space and Culture, India 3, Nr. 3 (26.03.2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v3i3.159.

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Alipurduar (also known as ‘Dooars’) was a subdivision of Jalpaiguri district before its emergence as the new 20th district of West Bengal on 25 June 2014. The districts of North Bengal (including Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur and Malda) have been poorly placed in comparison to the state of West Bengal, in terms of Human Development Indicators: low literacy level, poor condition in sanitation, and partly availability of electricity and safe drinking water (Report on Comparative Backwardness of North Bengal Region, Government of India, 2002). Research on regional disparity is essential for addressing the lacuna in the planning process of development (Sen, 2001). In the present study, an analysis has been made in terms of the inter-block inequality in socio-economic and infrastructural development of Alipurduar district as a newly emerged region.

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Gupta, B. P., S. K. Mishra, K. D. Manandhar, R. Malla, C. S. Tamarakar, P. P. Raut, S. K. Sah, S. Pokhrel, R. Rauniyar und A. Bajaracharya. „Seroprevalence 0f Dengue Virus Infection in Nepal“. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, Nr. 4 (21.12.2013): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9135.

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Dengue Virus infection is an emerging mosquito-borne disease. It is a global health problem and its expanding endemicity towards new territories is a serious concern. Relatively a new disease in Nepalese context, dengue abruptly appeared as massive outbreak in 2010, merely four years after its first introduction. It is a nagging public health problem in the low lands of Terai, expanding to new areas of Nepal in recent years. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine anti-Dengue IgM positive rate in Lumbini, Dhading and Chitwan district. The study was carried from June 2012 to November 2012. The total number of Serum samples was collected from 275 patients visiting hospitals with history of fever, headache and suspected DF. The samples were examined by ELISA. The anti-Dengue IgM positivity was found to be 29.09 %. The positive rate was highest in Dhading (70.37%) followed by Bharatpur (37.6%) and Lumbini (11.38%). The Dengue positive cases were higher in males (32.5 %) than female (24.8 %). The highest positive cases (41.6%) were from age group less than 15 years. Dengue has substantial expansion in Western and Far Western Terai region of Nepal which was limited to the middle Terai region in the past and mostly infects older people.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9135 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 224-227

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