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1
Dr, Muchlis. „INDICATIONS OF WINDOW DRESSING ON COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDONESIA“. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen & Ekonomika 8, Nr. 1 (16.10.2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35384/jime.v8i1.94.
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More than often, banks are ranked based on their total assets. The bigger its assets the higher its position in the rank. To maintain its position in a higher rank, a bank may take extra efforts, to maintain its total assets high, whether by increasing its performance or manipulating their financial statement like window dressing. The higher its position in the rank the more likely a bank to perform temporary banking activities at the year end to increase its assets. The examples of the such activities are increasing temporarily customer deposits in the year end. Those temporary activities in are tending toward a window dressing.This paper examines the possibilities of window dressing activities at the year end conducted by high ranked banks by temporarily pushed their assets up through extra efforts in gathering temporary customer deposits at the year end. If those window dressing activities really exist, researchers expect that data will show temporary increase in assets, customer deposits and also cost of funds of high ranked banks in Indonesia. Researcher uses the monthly data and started from January 2006 untill December 2011.This research shows an evidence that bank total assets increase significantly at the year-end and the increase is temporary. Further, the increase in total assets appears to be funded with purchased demand deposit, savings, and time deposits. This research also shows that larger banks are more likely than smaller banks to exhibit window dressing.Keywords: banks, window dressing, asset.
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Kushnir, Yaroslav. „COUNTERING TEMPORARY OCCUPATION: INTERNATIONAL ASPECT, FOREIGN EXPERIENCE, AND NATIONAL REALITIES“. Law Journal of Donbass 74, Nr. 1 (2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-74-1-10-19.
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This article provides a comprehensive study in areas of counteraction to the temporarily occupied territories of a sovereign state. Regulations, doctrinal approaches, international experience serve as a subject to this study in the context of a set of functional national activities of states that have faced the issue of territories’ separation. Particular attention is paid to foreign experience in counteracting the temporary occupation through the prism of the Republic of Cyprus which held an activity to counter the so-called Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, as one of the most successful examples of confrontation with the temporarily occupied territories for a long time and comparing Ukraine's activities in this field. To this end, the author conducts a comprehensive analysis of measures aimed at combating the spread and recognition of the temporarily occupied territories of the Republic of Cyprus, as well as the scientific achievements of international scientists who have studied this issue. Analyzing these objects, the author carries out the qualification based on the criteria of differentiation of measures accepted by foreign scientists and determines which measures were implemented to solve the same problem in Ukraine. Given the personal experience of operational and service activities of the author and a deep awareness of this topic, it is proposed to expand the generally accepted areas of counteraction. The author provides the grounding of additional direction on how to counter the expansion and recognition of the Ukrainian temporarily occupied territories, disclosing a complex of measures which were, and can be introduced for its realization. The result of this study is the formation of the author's approach to defining the complex concept of «counteraction to temporary occupation», the formation of a list of national measures to combat the temporarily occupied territories, and their classification, as well as proposals for the most effective countermeasures and their further use in law enforcement.
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Кальней und Vladimir Kalney. „Innovative approaches of high school students’ project activities“. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 2, Nr. 1 (05.03.2013): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/291.
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Perspectives of pupils’ project activity development as a part of temporary multiple aged creative collective together with the students of higher educational institutions are investigated in this article. Offered methodology shows the increasing of high school pupils’ motivation to study the basics of collective scientific activity process.
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Lee, Kiseok, und Shawn Ni. „Stock returns, real activities and temporary and persistent inflation“. Applied Financial Economics 6, Nr. 5 (Oktober 1996): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096031096334060.
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Tukiainen, Sampo, und Nina Granqvist. „Temporary Organizing and Institutional Change“. Organization Studies 37, Nr. 12 (24.09.2016): 1819–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840616662683.
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The relationship between the temporary and the permanent is a central issue in studies of temporary organizing. Recent research highlights that projects, as key forms of temporary organizations, both constitute and are constituted by their wider institutional contexts. However, there is still a lack of more detailed understanding of the actors and their activities through which projects produce and advance institutional change. To address this issue, we draw on extensive fieldwork to study the activities that constitute establishment of the Innovation University. This endeavour gained the status of a spearhead project and advanced nationwide university reform in one northern European country. Our central contribution is two-fold. We sediment a more robust approach to institutions within project literature by defining them as widely shared beliefs and practices that actors enact and (re)produce through their various activities. On this basis, we develop a model of an institutional project for regulative change and show that it is more parallel and multiplex and less sequential in nature than existing studies might convey. Our model also creates new understanding of the role of the ‘lock-ins’ shaped by projects to promote regulative change and casts light on the temporal linkages and temporal boundary objects in institutional projects. In closing, we discuss several future avenues for research in both project literature and institutional theory.
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Forde, Chris. „“You know we are not an Employment Agency”: Manpower, Government, and the Development of the Temporary Help Industry in Britain“. Enterprise & Society 9, Nr. 2 (Juni 2008): 337–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700006984.
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This article looks at the early development of the temporary help industry in Britain. It focuses on the activities of one of the largest suppliers of temporary workers, Manpower, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Drawing on material from The UK National Archives, the article examines Manpower's efforts to gain access as a genuine employer to the state employment exchange network to advertise their temporary vacancies. The article reveals the incremental changes in attitude within the government towards Manpower's activities and argues that this gave the company a competitive advantage over other employment agencies, facilitating their development of relations with the government and the trade unions in Britain over the 1970s and 1980s. The main conclusion of the article is that explicit attention needs to be paid to the actions and strategies of agencies themselves in order to develop an adequate understanding of the growth and development of the temporary help industry.
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Szaton, Karolina Marta. „The temporary use as a strategy for transforming the space of contemporary cities. Space transformations supported by the purposeful application of temporary use, based on a case study“. Miscellanea Geographica 22, Nr. 4 (05.12.2018): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0031.
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Abstract Temporary use as a subject of work should be understood as temporary development or use of land and facilities, in a way that allows the best use of spatial resources at a given time and place. The author takes up the topic of temporary use being an intentional element of strategy in the design and planning of space. Analysis of practical applications focuses on the depiction of models of design and planning processes, the element of which is the temporary use of space and overall transformation processes, as well as features and functions of temporary uses. The researched practices concern processes composed of various elements, eg mutual relations of temporary use with permanent development. The analysis of good practices indicates a significant strengthening of the potential for temporary use, if it is implemented through a network of broad connections and the integration of various activities and environments.
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Forde, Dr Chris. „Temporary Arrangements: The Activities of Employment Agencies in the UK“. Work, Employment and Society 15, Nr. 3 (September 2001): 631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09500170122119039.
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Dhungana, Ananta Raj, Vikash Kumar KC, Purna Bahadur Khand und Surya Mani Dhungana. „Determinants of Households’ Adaptation Practices against Climate Change Impact on Off-farm Activities in Western Hill of Nepal“. Nepal Journal of Mathematical Sciences 1 (31.10.2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmathsci.v1i0.34163.
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Climate change is one of the serious concerns which have a substantial impact in all areas of human civilization. Among these areas, agriculture is the worst hit sector. This study aims to analyze the determinants of households’ adaptation practices against climate change impact on off-farm activities in western hill of Nepal. It utilizes the data collected from six village development committees from three districts (Lamjung, Tanahu and Kaski) of western hill of Nepal. Out of 245793 Households 556 households were chosen for the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire through face to face interview with household head or a household member having age 45 years and above with residing in that locality since last 15 years. Binary logistic regression analysis has been carried out. Household size is only the matter for determining the households' adaptation practices for shifting to non-agricultural activities which is also the matter for temporary migration to another places. Education is the determining factor for changing the food consumption habit and temporary migration. Agriculture skill is the common determining factor for change in food consumption habit and shifting to non-agricultural activities. Sex and marital status are the major determining factors only for shifting to non-agricultural employment. Age is the significant predictor of temporary migration. Caste is also the major determining factor for changing the food consumption habit and temporary migration respectively.
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Dhungana, Ananta Raj, Vikash Kumar KC, Purna Bahadur Khand und Surya Mani Dhungana. „Determinants of Households’ Adaptation Practices against Climate Change Impact on Off-farm Activities in Western Hill of Nepal“. Nepal Journal of Mathematical Sciences 1 (31.10.2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmathsci.v1i0.34163.
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Climate change is one of the serious concerns which have a substantial impact in all areas of human civilization. Among these areas, agriculture is the worst hit sector. This study aims to analyze the determinants of households’ adaptation practices against climate change impact on off-farm activities in western hill of Nepal. It utilizes the data collected from six village development committees from three districts (Lamjung, Tanahu and Kaski) of western hill of Nepal. Out of 245793 Households 556 households were chosen for the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire through face to face interview with household head or a household member having age 45 years and above with residing in that locality since last 15 years. Binary logistic regression analysis has been carried out. Household size is only the matter for determining the households' adaptation practices for shifting to non-agricultural activities which is also the matter for temporary migration to another places. Education is the determining factor for changing the food consumption habit and temporary migration. Agriculture skill is the common determining factor for change in food consumption habit and shifting to non-agricultural activities. Sex and marital status are the major determining factors only for shifting to non-agricultural employment. Age is the significant predictor of temporary migration. Caste is also the major determining factor for changing the food consumption habit and temporary migration respectively.
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Pernando, Yonky. „Parestesia Expert System! Expert System To Detect Paresthesia (Parestesia Expert System! Sistem Pakar Untuk Mendeteksi Penyakit Parestesia)“. Jurnal KomtekInfo 7, Nr. 3 (01.09.2020): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35134/komtekinfo.v7i3.79.
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Paresthesia is a condition where the sensation on the skin is abnormal, such as tingling, itching or numbness, for no apparent reason. This condition can occur only temporarily or for a long time (chronic). Bucharestesia can be temporary (temporary) or chronic. Almost everyone has experienced temporary paresthesia. This sensation occurs when nerves are accidentally compressed in certain body positions, such as sitting cross-legged for too long or sleeping with your head on your hands. Temporary paraesthesia will go away on its own when the pressure on the nerves is relieved. However, if the tingling feeling persists even though the pressure has been relieved, then there may be another disease or disorder in the body that is the cause. Chronic paresthesia is often a symptom of a neurological disease or caused by trauma to the nerve tissue. A variety of diseases can cause chronic paresthesia including vitamin deficiency, neurological disorders due to repetitive movements or other diseases. Chronic paraesthesia requires medication and management to heal. However, sometimes chronic paresthesia cannot completely heal even after undergoing treatment even though an expert system is a computer-based system that uses knowledge, facts, and reasoning techniques to solve problems that usually only one person can solve. Expert systems also help their activities as highly experienced assistants. Expert systems can also provide analysis of problems and can also recommend to users some actions to make improvements.
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Shilov, Yuriy V. „The Change of the Paradigm of the Administrative Suspension of Activities and Temporary Prohibition of Activities“. Administrative law and procedure 4 (15.04.2020): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2020-4-32-35.
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Holik, William, Cesar Quiroga, Ioannis Tsapakis und Jing Li. „Accommodation of Saltwater Temporary Pipelines on the Roadside“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 12 (21.09.2018): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118797458.
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Drilling and completing oil and gas wells, particularly when using horizontal and hydraulic fracturing techniques, requires enormous amounts of water. Generally, it is cheaper for the industry to move fluids by pipeline than by truck, hence the interest in using permanent and/or temporary pipelines to transport water in areas where oil and gas developments take place. This paper describes temporary pipeline installation and operation practices and how they impact roadside maintenance activities as well as offering guidelines on how to install and operate temporary pipelines. A GIS database of temporary pipeline locations was developed from permits issued by the Texas Department of Transportation between July 2011 and August 2016. General trends indicate that temporary pipelines are typically 3, 4, 8, or 10 inches in diameter. Operators tend to favor certain highway segments to install temporary pipelines within the right of way. When multiple temporary pipelines are installed on segments repeatedly, this can affect maintenance operations. Several trends were observed that necessitate the development of guidelines for temporary pipelines. Many temporary pipelines were placed away from the right of way line, which creates conflicts with maintenance operations and results in some temporary pipelines being in the clear zone. Many temporary pipelines are not anchored in place and roll into the bottom of ditches or do not maintain a uniform alignment, which affects roadside maintenance. The percentage reduction in overtopping flow rate due to installing temporary pipelines through culverts is also analyzed.
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Orel, Vasily I., Natalya A. Gureva, Iryna V. Menshakova und Lyubov L. Sharafutdinova. „Experience teaching cycle "Examination of temporary disability" in Saint Petersburg state pediatric medical university“. Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, Nr. 4 (15.08.2017): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped8499-104.
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The main purpose of the temporary disability expertise is to evaluate the patient's health status, the quality and effectiveness of the treatment, the ability to carry out professional activities, as well as determining the extent and timing of temporary disability. One of the main tasks of examination of temporary disability, along with the adoption of science-based decisions about the patient's working capacity and determination of temporary disability is the identification of the employee long-term or permanent disability to the established procedure for survey on mediko-social examination. Regulatory documents there are levels of examination of temporary disability in a medical organization: the attending physician and the medical Commission of the medical organization. The right medical organization for conducting work and services in examination of temporary disability is determined by the presence of the license for medical activity and the examination of temporary disability. The participants in the expert process should have a document enhance the skills of professionals involved in the declared works (services). This article presents the experience of the Department of social pediatrics and public health, faculty of postgraduate and additional professional education SPbSPMU for training physicians, Deputy chief physicians in the examination of temporary disability, chairmen and members of medical commissions, the organization and carrying out examination of temporary incapacity.
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Chang, Robin A. „How Do Scholars Communicate the ‘Temporary Turn’ in Urban Studies? A Socio-Semiotic Framework“. Urban Planning 6, Nr. 1 (24.02.2021): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i1.3613.
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Interdisciplinarity broadens urban planning praxis and simultaneously deepens how urban research unfurls. Indeed, this breadth and depth diverges and converges the understanding of current and popular concepts such as temporary use (TU)—also recognized as short-term or temporally undefined use of space. Through a meta-research, or research about research approach employing socio-semiotics and bibliometric analyses for the first time in relation to TU, I clarify the increasing scholarly attention to urban interventions by asking: How are urban scholars communicating the TU discourse? A socio-semiotic framework helps unpack the production of meanings as well as symbols channeled through the scholarly institutionalization of TU. Supporting this, I use bibliometric analyses to explicate the production and reproduction of meaning through keywords and citation networks in research literature. This study illuminates epistemological activities and reflects on directions tied to our understanding and articulation of a potential ‘Temporary Turn’ in theory and practice.
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Bartkiw, Timothy J. „Unions and Temporary Help Agency Employment“. Articles 67, Nr. 3 (28.09.2012): 453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012539ar.
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Temporary help agency employment (THAE) is a peculiar and often precarious employment form that has become increasingly salient in Canada in recent decades. Seeking to advance both the literatures on precarious work and union renewal, this article examines the effects of the expansion of this unique employment form upon labour unions, and union responses to this phenomenon. The study employed a qualitative exploratory method, involving twenty-four interviews with key informants from fourteen large labour unions, two union federations, and the Toronto-based workers’ centre known as the “Workers’ Action Centre.” Various effects of the expansion of THAE on unions were identified and categorized as relating to either union organizing or representation activities, and a range of union responses to the phenomenon are also discussed. Overall, it is suggested that THAE growth carries the potential to constrain organizing and representation activities in multiple ways, although its effects are highly mediated by other contextual factors. Union responses have thus far been largely limited to incremental adjustments aimed at shoring up traditional organizing and collective bargaining practices.
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Fukami, Tadanori, Yusuke Koyanagi, Yukinori Tanno, Takamasa Shimada, Takao Akatsuka und Yoichi Saito. „Estimation of Temporary Change of Brain Activities in Auditory Oddball Paradigm“. IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 125, Nr. 9 (2005): 1393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.125.1393.
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Gierbienis, Marcin. „Sustainable and creative temporary architecture – the activities of the assemble collective“. Czasopismo Techniczne 3 (2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2353737xct.19.028.10214.
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Andres, Lauren, John R. Bryson und Paul Moawad. „Temporary Urbanisms as Policy Alternatives to Enhance Health and Well-Being in the Post-Pandemic City“. Current Environmental Health Reports 8, Nr. 2 (20.04.2021): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-021-00314-8.
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Abstract Purpose of Review While there has been extensive discussion on the various forms of temporary uses in urban settings, little is known on the ways in which temporary and health urbanisms connect. Now, a turning point has been reached regarding the interactions between health and the built environment and the contributions made by urban planning and other built environment disciplines. In the context of the post-pandemic city, there is a need to develop a health-led temporary urbanism agenda than can be implemented in various settings both in the Global South and North. Recent Findings Health-led temporary urbanism requires a reinterrogation of current models of urban development including designing multifunctional spaces in urban environments that provide sites for temporary urbanism-related activities. A healthy city is an adaptable city and one that provides opportunities for citizen-led interventions intended to enhance well-being by blending the temporary with the permanent and the planned with the improvised. Summary Health-led temporary urbanism contributes to the call for more trans- and inter-disciplinary discussions allowing to more thoroughly link urban planning and development with health.
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Ferreira, Jennifer. „Considering national varieties in the temporary staffing industry and institutional change: Evidence from the UK and Germany“. European Urban and Regional Studies 24, Nr. 3 (21.06.2016): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776416651663.
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The temporary staffing industry has experienced significant growth in recent decades across many countries and sectors. The particular characteristics of the temporary staffing industry are influenced by the national institutional context in which they are embedded. This article presents empirical findings to investigate the concept of a national temporary staffing industry using two case studies, the UK and Germany. Through analysis of two national markets for temporary staffing, the article discusses the importance of investigating the wider institutional environment in which an industry is embedded, the interactions and interdependencies between the actors involved, and the relationships and activities through which an industry is co-created and constituted. Theoretically, this article seeks to stress the importance of considering how institutional systems change, rather than focusing on characteristics used to categorise socio-economic systems. Empirically, this article reveals the features and developments of two national temporary staffing industries within Europe. This advances our understanding of changes in the temporary staffing industry in two European settings, and also highlights the importance of considering geographically specific national varieties of economic systems as dynamic institutional ecologies.
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Jin, Haifeng, Mingyuan Zhang und Yongbo Yuan. „Analytic Network Process-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Approach and Sensitivity Analysis for Temporary Facility Layout Planning in Construction Projects“. Applied Sciences 8, Nr. 12 (03.12.2018): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122434.
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In construction projects, the planning objectives include the safety and labor productivity of the activities, along with the cost influence affecting the overall performance of construction. Temporary facilities are critical in supporting structures and equipment that impact the direct task executions and resource transportation during various construction stages. The positioning of temporary facilities and the relative spatial relation between multiple facilities are critical factors that affect the success of construction delivery. To ensure the balance among safety, labor productivity and construction cost performance, all influencing factors associated with the construction objectives should be taken into account in temporary facility layout planning. This paper proposes a novel multi-criteria temporary facility layout planning model that integrates Analytic Network Process (ANP) modeling and simulation-based sensitivity evaluation, which effectively transforms the spatial layout planning problem into a mathematical decision problem. An application example is analyzed to demonstrate its capabilities of optimizing temporary facility layout planning. The proposed framework provides the construction managers and layout planners with a useful tool for selecting the optimal alternative of temporary facility layout plan on the construction site.
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Suslin, SA A., VV V. Pavlov und OG G. Nikolskaya. „FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TEMPORARY DISABILITY EXAMINATION SERVICE IN RUSSIA“. Science and Innovations in Medicine 1, Nr. 1 (15.03.2016): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2016-0-1-52-57.
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Aim - characterization of the formation, organization, development and prospects of temporary disability examination (TDE) services in Russia. Materials and methods. A review of the data from the scientific publications and legal documents was conducted. Results. The characteristics of the organization and development of temporary disability examination service in Russia since the establishment of the service to date are described. The problems and prospects of TDE service were examined. Conclusion. The organization and development of temporary disability examination in Russia is determined by the formation of the whole healthcare system and by legal acts. The implementation of modern requirements to the temporary disability examination is determined by the challenges faced by healthcare providers, as well as the solution of the problems faced by the subjects of the internal control of activities of healthcare organizations.
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Gagné, Isaac. „Dislocation, Social Isolation, and the Politics of Recovery in Post-Disaster Japan“. Transcultural Psychiatry 57, Nr. 5 (09.09.2020): 710–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461520920348.
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What happens when temporary shelters become permanent homes? What are the psychosocial impacts of prolonged dislocation, and how might these effects be mitigated through grassroots community activities? Based on fieldwork and interviews with residents in temporary housing and volunteer support groups in northeastern Japan conducted from 2014–2018, this article analyzes the ongoing challenges of delayed recovery, chronic dislocation, and social isolation among survivors of the March 11, 2011 disaster in Japan, with a particular focus on the residents of temporary facilities in Natori City, Miyagi Prefecture. I examine how the complexity of the disaster-recovery process within the local politics of the region has produced new tensions, creating a particular “zoned liminality” for displaced residents while undermining the social nexus of community relations. Then I reflect on certain challenges in treating the psychosocial trauma among survivors, and how their particular needs are addressed through new citizen-based volunteer movements offering holistic activities. These grassroots activities do not necessarily solve the breakdown of social bonds nor improve residents’ prospects of returning home. However, by alleviating survivors’ sense of social isolation and loneliness, this “humanistic” approach highlights the possibilities of participatory-style psychosocial support that goes beyond conventional biomedical services and top-down, state-driven policies.
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Alkurt, Murat, Zeynep Yesil Duymus und Tugay Sisci. „Comparison of the Effects of Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Self-adhesive, Eugenol and Noneugenol Temporary and Traditional Cements on Gingiva and Pulp Living Cells“. Journal of Advanced Oral Research 10, Nr. 1 (Mai 2019): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2320206819850960.
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Aims and objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of cements: zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, self-adhesive resin cement, eugenol-containing and eugenol-free temporary cements. Materials and methods: The agar-diffusion test was carried out on 4 types of bacteria: Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans; ATCC 35668), Streptococcus salivarius ( S. salivarius; ATCC 13419), Streptococcus sangius ( S. sangius; ATCC 10556), and Lactobacillus casei ( L. casei; ATCC 27139). Freshly prepared cement samples were placed on a brain heart infusion medium and left at 37°C for 24 hours in a CO2 incubator. Ampicillin disks of 10 mg were used as positive controls. Antimicrobial effects were determined using the zone of inhibition measurement in millimeters at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was assessed through a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). To evaluate cell viability, an optical density microplate reader (Tecan™ Sunrise, Männedorf, Switzerland) was used at 24 and 48 hours at 570 and 630 nm, respectively. Results: Except the positive control group, the Adhesor luting cement showed a higher inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei. RelyX Temp E temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei, whereas the Cavex temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on only S. sangius at 24 and 48 hours. At 100% concentration, Cavex temporary cement showed the least toxicity (23.6% pulp cell and 9.9% gingival cell) and highest cell viability (76.4% pulp cell and 90.1% gingival cell) at 24 hours. However, Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements showed the highest toxicity (above 94% gingival cell and 95% pulp cell) at 100% concentration. Conclusions: Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements may have a cytotoxic potential. None of the cements showed an inhibitory effect on S. mutan and S. salivarius, whereas Adhesor luting cement has a higher inhibitory effect than that of S. sangius and L. casei.
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Jo, Areum, Sang-Kyeong Lee und Jaecheol Kim. „Gender Gaps in the Use of Urban Space in Seoul: Analyzing Spatial Patterns of Temporary Populations Using Mobile Phone Data“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 16 (11.08.2020): 6481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166481.
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This study aims to examine the gender gaps in the use of urban space in Seoul, Korea, to provide empirical evidence for urban planning for gender equality. We analyzed daily temporary populations that were estimated using mobile phone data. We used the total, women’s, and men’s temporary populations as well as the subtraction of the temporary population of men from that of women (SMW) as dependent variables. We first conducted a visual analysis on temporary population density using kernel density estimation and then conducted a further analysis using spatial autocorrelation indicators and spatial regression models. The results demonstrate that: (1) Temporary population patterns for women and men showed similarities in that both were larger in business areas than in residential areas, which means that a large number of women were engaged in economic activities like men; (2) the pattern for SMW showed the opposite, that is, women were more active in residential areas and areas where neighborhood retail shops, cultural facilities, parks, and department stores were easily accessible; and (3) both women’s temporary population and SMW had spatial autocorrelation and thus showed clustering patterns that can be helpful in urban planning for gender equality in Korea.
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Ainslie, George. „Vulnerabilities to addiction must have their impact through the common currency of discounted reward“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, Nr. 4 (29.07.2008): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004743.
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AbstractThe ten vulnerabilities discussed in the target article vary in their likelihood of producing temporary preference for addictive activities – which is the phenomenon that puzzles conventional motivational theory. Direct dopaminergic stimulation, but probably not the other vulnerabilities, may contribute to the necessary concavity of addicts' delay discounting curves, as may factors that the senior author analyzes elsewhere. Whatever their origins, these curves can themselves account for temporary preference, sudden craving, and the “automatic” habits discussed here.
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Panglipur, Septiawan Bagus, und Sita Yuliastuti Amijaya. „RUANG SOSIAL SEBAGAI PRODUK NEGOSIASI SPASIAL DI KAMPUNG KAUMAN YOGYAKARTA“. ATRIUM Jurnal Arsitektur 6, Nr. 1 (05.06.2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v6i1.12.
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Title: Configuration of Social Space as a Result of Space Negotiation in Kampung Kauman Y ogyakarta
Kauman is one of the unique special area in Yogyakarta famous for the special formation of the settlement patterns and the history as well related to the inhabitant. Kauman residents are descendants of the courtiers of Kraton Yogyakarta. Kauman is known as the birth place of K.H. A. Dahlan, the founder of Muhammadiyah Islamic teachings. The use of spaces as the result of communities behaviour could be seen as an interesting phenomenon. Narrow paths ways are not only used for access but also used as spaces for activities. It creates kind of new spaces. Some temporary extension of residential areas is often found and accepted as an agreement among residents. The aim of this study is to analyze the formation of the new social spaces by community activities. The qualitative descriptive methods will be used to explain the activities of Kauman village residents. Human activities behavior creates patterns in the in the environment as new spaces both temporary and permanent. The research finding of a moving social space in Kauman is a social space created by traveling vendors as they open new spaces around the sales area. The other finding is temporary acquisition of the clothesline which is placed along the alley that become a shared property, this make the clothesline owner have a new personal space occupying the social space that already exists. The court yard of the Great Mosque whenever empty is used for pencak silat activities, this activity also attracts the hawkers to come to sell there.
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Mady, Christine. „Diversity in Conviviality: Beirut's Temporary Public Spaces“. Open House International 37, Nr. 2 (01.06.2012): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2012-b0008.
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Amidst the debates on the death or resurgence of public spaces emerges a significant question: how could public spaces that function at different urban scales and cater for diverse collective needs be provided? This article explores the roles and potentials of temporary public spaces in meeting diverse challenges related to the supply and use of urban open spaces. Positioning temporary public spaces within the literature on non-conventional public spaces is conducted with the purpose of identifying those spaces' characteristics. The proposed definition of temporary public spaces is based on their dynamic status of use-rights. Moreover, a conceptual framework based on urban land economics and bid rent theory is used to explain how such spaces transform under the exchange of temporary use-rights to activate vacant urban lots for public activities. This conceptual framework is applied in the case of a grass root approach to the supply of temporary public spaces. The context is Beirut, a city that has lost its public spaces due to wars and is trying to reintroduce them through different supply mechanisms. The examples illustrate how homogeneous urban spaces are identified over time and converted into heterogeneous and lively temporary public spaces. These contribute towards conviviality in a highly fragmented and multi-cultural society and animate everyday urban life.
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Watanabe, Yoshito, Yasunori Nakamura und Ryuichi Ishii. „Relationship between Starch Accumulation and Activities of the Related Enzymes in the Leaf Sheath as a Temporary Sink Organ in Rice (Oryza sativa)“. Functional Plant Biology 24, Nr. 5 (1997): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp96107.
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The starch stored temporarily in the leaf sheath of rice plants is translocated to the grain, contributing to the grain yield. In this paper, the relationship between starch accumulation and the activities of enzymes involved in the starch biosynthetic pathway in the leaf sheaths of rice plants was examined to elucidate the regulation mechanism of starch accumulation in the temporary sink organ. When the starch content was compared between different leaf sheath positions on the main stem, the 14th leaf sheath counted from the bottom, which elongated just before anthesis, showed about a four-fold higher value than the 10th leaf sheath. Among the enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, the activity of starch branching enzyme (BE, EC2.4.1.18) was greatly higher in the 14th leaf sheath than in the 10th leaf sheath, while that of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (EC2.7.7.27) was similar between the two leaf sheaths. The starch content increased rapidly in the period around anthesis in the 12th and 14th leaf sheaths, but did not in the 10th and 11th leaf sheath. In the higher leaf sheath position, the activity of BE changed with noticeably similar trend to the starch content. Soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC2.4.1.21), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC2.4.1.21) and plastidial fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase, EC3.1.3.11) were also significantly correlated with the starch content. These results suggest that BE is involved in regulation of starch metabolism, possibly in collaboration with other enzymes such as SSS, GBSS and plastidial FBPase in temporary sink organs like the leaf sheath.
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Bardauskiene, R., und J. Pivoriene. „The effectiveness of social work services for families whose children are in temporary custody“. SHS Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184001003.
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Despite that there is an operating social support system for families, social workers are affected by factors that limit effectiveness of their activities in working with families whose children are taken into temporary custody. The article aims to uncover what hinders social worker to carry out effective work in providing social services for families whose children are in temporary custody. Qualitative research data shows that the research participants’ awareness of social work effectiveness is limited to its individual components. Putting together these components one can get a broad definition of effectivenessof social work though the research participants themselves donot use such a concept. The research data reveals that micro level factors influencing effectiveness of social workers’ activities working with families whose children are in temporary custody are as follows: absence of parental motivation to seek changes and unfavourable environment as well as negative community approach to social risk families. Macro level factors limiting social work effectiveness working with the families at social risk lie in the system of social services. Inadequate management of social work, limited social workers’ access to resources necessary to restore family functions; too high workload for social workers are essential factors limiting social work effectiveness.
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Emerich, David W., und Hari B. Krishnan. „Symbiosomes: temporary moonlighting organelles“. Biochemical Journal 460, Nr. 1 (25.04.2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20130271.
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Symbiosomes are a unique structural entity that performs the role of biological nitrogen fixation, an energy-demanding process that is the primary entryway of fixed nitrogen into the biosphere. Symbiosomes result from the infection of specific rhizobial strains into the roots of an appropriate leguminous host plant forming an organ referred to as a nodule. Within the infected plant cells of the nodule, the rhizobia are encased within membrane-bounded structures that develop into symbiosomes. Mature symbiosomes create an environment that allows the rhizobia to differentiate into a nitrogen-fixing form called bacteroids. The bacteroids are surrounded by the symbiosome space, which is populated by proteins from both eukaryotic and prokaryotic symbionts, suggesting this space is the quintessential component of symbiosis: an inter-kingdom environment with the single purpose of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Proteins associated with the symbiosome membrane are largely plant-derived proteins and are non-metabolic in nature. The proteins of the symbiosome space are mostly derived from the bacteroid with annotated functions of carbon metabolism, whereas relatively few are involved in nitrogen metabolism. An appreciable portion of both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins in the symbiosome are also ‘moonlighting’ proteins, which are defined as proteins that perform roles unrelated to their annotated activities when found in an unexpected physiological environment. The essential functions of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of the symbiosome are performed by co-operative interactions of proteins from both symbionts some of which may be performing unexpected roles.
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Heisler, Barbara Schmitter. „Sending Countries and the Politics of Emigration and Destination“. International Migration Review 19, Nr. 3 (September 1985): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838501900305.
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This article examines available means and activities of sending (emigration) countries in their efforts to exert control over the “long-term-temporary” emigration process. This type, rather than “short-term-temporary” or “permanent” migration is regarded most beneficial for sending country interests. In the European case, which is unique, the structure of migration has provided sending countries with ongoing channels for promoting their interests. These channels are found in the nature of the recruitment agreements concluded between sending and receiving countries which vary between individual pairs of senders and receivers.
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Felgendreher, Daniel. „Soft, Sexy, Fantastic. Inflating public space“. Journal of Public Space, Vol. 3 n. 2 | 2018 | FULL ISSUE (31.08.2018): 41–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v3i2.1109.
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Plastique Fantastique has been operating as a platform for temporary architecture at the interface between art, architecture and urban practice since its founding 1999 in Berlin. Influenced by the unique cultural and spatial conditions that made Berlin a laboratory for testing new ways of acting in public space at the time, the studio has specialised in creating immersive, pneumatic installations made of plastic film as mutant, low energy architectures for ephemeral activities. With their temporary urban interventions they intend to involve citizens in creative processes provoking them to activate, and enjoy public space.
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Ødegård, Anne Mette, Øyvind Berge und Kristin Alsos. „A case study of temporary work agencies in the Norwegian construction sector“. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 18, Nr. 4 (26.10.2012): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258912458875.
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The temporary work agency sector in Norway is diverse and growing. Since the EU enlargements of 2004 and 2007, it has also experienced a large influx of workers from the new EU Member States, especially in construction. This has led to more informal and undeclared business activities in the hiring industry. In this article we show some of the consequences of this development. We also discuss the impact of various national regulations in this sector and whether new EU regulation, namely the EU Directive on temporary agency work, might improve the situation.
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Kinnan, Cynthia, Shing-Yi Wang und Yongxiang Wang. „Access to Migration for Rural Households“. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 10, Nr. 4 (01.10.2018): 79–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20160395.
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This paper exploits a unique feature of China’s history, the “sent-down youth” (SDY ) program, to study the effects of access to internal migration. We show that temporary migration due to the SDY program created lasting inter-province links. We interact these links with two time-varying pull measures in potential destinations. Decades after the SDY program ended, increased access to migration in cities that sent SDY leads to higher rates of migration from provinces where those SDY temporarily resided. We find that improved access to migration leads to lower consumption volatility and lower asset holding. Furthermore, household production shifts into high-risk, high-return activities. (JEL D13, J24, O15, O18, P25, P36, R23)
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Ward, Kevin. „UK Temporary Staffing: Industry Structure and Evolutionary Dynamics“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, Nr. 5 (Mai 2003): 889–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a34136a.
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During the 1990s the UK temporary staffing industry experienced almost unbroken year-on-year growth. Alongside this quantitative expansion the type of business performed by some UK temporary staffing agencies has begun to change, as some larger agencies have attempted to move out of the clerical and light industrial segments and into higher value-added markets. Other agencies have sought to add human resource services to their more-traditional recruitment and placement functions. All in all, the UK industry—the second largest in the world after the United States—has undergone widespread restructuring in the last decade. I argue that the recent growth in the UK industry constitutes a regularisation of flexible employment, as casual and fixed-term contracts are replaced by more formal arrangements involving a third party—the temporary staffing agency. Drawing upon global and national data and forty semi-structured interviews with agency owners and managers in the United Kingdom, I analyse the multidimensional growth and restructuring of the UK temporary staffing industry. I argue that as the UK industry ‘matures’ we are witnessing a degree of deepening in relations between temporary staffing agencies and client firms. More broadly, I argue that the growth of the temporary staffing industry has conceptual implications for how economic geographers theorise ‘the firm’ and explore the globalisation of service activities.
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Boehlke, Carolin, Sabrina Schuster, Lucas Kauthe, Oliver Zierau und Christian Hannig. „Nutritional influences on enzyme activities in saliva of Asian and African elephants“. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 191, Nr. 5 (07.07.2021): 955–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-021-01378-6.
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AbstractAsian and African elephants show morphological adaptations to their ecological niche including the oral cavity. Variety and preferences of forage plants differ between both herbivorous elephant species. Diet can affect salivary enzymes. Asian elephants were shown to have a higher salivary amylase activity than African elephants. Species-specific differences were presumed to be influenced by feeding during collection procedure. This study aimed to determine the influence of feeding on enzyme activities in saliva of both elephant species to differentiate from species-specific effects. Additionally, season and housing conditions on salivary enzyme activities in non-fed elephants of both species were investigated. Salivary amylase (sAA), lysozyme (sLYS) and peroxidase (sPOD) activity were measured photometrically or fluorometrically. Results of this study reinforce previous observations of higher basic sAA activity in Asian elephants compared to African elephants. Salivary LYS and sPOD activity showed neither species-specific nor housing-specific differences. Independent from season, most elephants of both species revealed a lack of or low sPOD activity. Feeding caused a temporary decrease of sAA, sLYS and sPOD activity in both elephant species kept in four of eight tested zoos. Furthermore, sAA activity in Asian elephants was higher and sLYS activity lower in Spring than in Autumn. This study summarizes that sAA and sLYS are components of Asian and African elephant saliva in an active conformation in contrast to sPOD. Diet varying between season and zoos might influence sAA and sLYS activities primarily in Asian elephants but temporary low effects suggest sufficient buffer capacity of elephant saliva of both species.
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Zerjav, Vedran. „Why Do Business Organizations Participate in Projects? Toward a Typology of Project Value Domains“. Project Management Journal 52, Nr. 3 (13.04.2021): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87569728211001663.
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Project scholarship suggests that an increasing volume of activities in organizations, economies, and societies occurs in the form of temporary projects. Drawing on research on project value, we aim to build a contextual understanding of why business organizations choose to participate in projects. Discussing value creation, capture, and destruction patterns for the owner, project-based firm, and the temporary project domains of project organizing, we develop a typology of project value domains for business organizations. We contribute to the theory and debate in project studies, integrating the conversations on the projectification of economies and societies with the stream of work on project value.
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Maaninen-Olsson, Eva, May Wismén und Sven A. Carlsson. „Permanent and temporary work practices: knowledge integration and the meaning of boundary activities“. Knowledge Management Research & Practice 6, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2008): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2008.27.
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Bakator, Mihalj, Dejan Đorđević und Dragan Ćoćkalo. „Promotional activities and customer satisfaction: Long-term influence or a temporary marketing 'mirage'?“ Marketing 49, Nr. 2 (2018): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/markt802113b.
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Goffredo Filho, Gilberto Senechal de, Claudia de Souza Lopes und Eduardo Faerstein. „Does the previous diagnosis of arterial hypertension affect one´s daily life? Pró-Saúde Study“. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 16, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2013): 860–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x2013000400006.
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In addition to damaging several target organs, arterial hypertension may negatively impact patients' activities of daily living. Biological and behavioral mechanisms underlying such limitations have yet to be clarified. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether having been previously told of a hypertension diagnosis is associated with the frequency and duration of temporary limitations in activities of daily living, and whether these relationships differ by gender, age, or socioeconomic position. We analyzed sectional data from 2,666 participants (56% women; 55% with high school or lower schooling) at the baseline phase (1999 - 2001) of a longitudinal investigation of university employees in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Pró-Saúde Study), asking participants whether they had ever been diagnosed with hypertension by a health professional, if they had been unable to perform any activities of daily living due to a health problem in the previous 2 weeks, and for how many days that had occurred. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted for the overall study population and for age, gender, educational level, and per capita household income strata. Associations between hypertension diagnosis and temporary limitations were not observed in the overall study population and in gender, education and income strata. However, there were higher odds of temporary limitations among participants aged 55 years old or more with hypertension diagnosis (adjusted OR = 9.5; 95%CI 1.5 - 58.6), regardless of blood pressure levels and use of antihypertensive medication. Elderly people may keep an attitude of higher vigilance regarding conditions or events potentially worsening their health status.
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Orel, Vasily I., Alexey S. Rukavishnikov, Vyacheslav T. Danilov, Gennady A. Neroda, Alexander L. Rubezhov, Pavel S. Alekseev, Vyacheslav V. Orel, Natalya A. Gureva und Lyubov’ L. Sharafutdinova. „Dynamics of indicators of temporary disability in connection with the care of a sick family member (child)“. Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 7, Nr. 4 (15.12.2016): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped74159-164.
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Examination of temporary disability is one of the types of medical examination which aims to assess the state of health of the patient, the quality and effectiveness of the treatment, the ability to carry out professional activities, as well as determining the extent and timing of temporary disability. A document certifying temporary disability of citizens and confirming their temporary release from work, is sick leave. Piece of disability issued not only in connection with disease of working citizens, but for the period of leave for pregnancy and childbirth, in connection with the quarantine and if necessary care for a sick family member. Examination of temporary disability is the attending physician who alone gives the citizens a sick leave for a period up to 15 calendar days, and in the cases established by the authorized Federal Executive authority, paramedic or dentist that solely give out a leaf of invalidity for the term up to 10 calendar days inclusive. Extension of sick leave for a longer period (but not more than 15 calendar days at a time), by the decision of the medical Commission appointed by the head of the medical organization the number of doctors trained in carrying out examination of temporary disability. This article analyzed the dynamics of morbidity of children population 0-14 years inclusive cases care for this age category with sick leave in Saint Petersburg for the period from 2011 to 2015.
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Han, Lee D., Shih-Miao Chin, Oscar Franzese und Holing Hwang. „Estimating the Impact of Pickup- and Delivery-Related Illegal Parking Activities on Traffic“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1906, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190600106.
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Illegal parking of delivery trucks used for pickup and delivery (PUD) reduces traffic capacity and causes delays. A geographically based combinatorial model was developed to estimate the extent of capacity losses and subsequent delays. The model uses a geographically based inference engine to extract data from several large-scale databases and process the data. These data are presented and compared with data from other temporary loss-of-capacity events. Because only weekday and daytime activities were studied, the resulting estimate of the national PUD effect is somewhat conservative.
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Doroshenko, Dmytro. „Legal framework for the use of intellectual property in sports activities“. Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, Nr. 2 (06.07.2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/22021.236562.
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Key words: sports activities, sports activities legal regulation, temporary laws, ambushmarketing, image rights, local rulemaking
The article analyses the legal regulation of the use of intellectualproperty in sports activities. The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that theincome of the global sports industry is increasingly depending on the use of the intellectualproperty by sports organizations.The author notices that adoption of temporary laws aimed at protecting the intellectualproperty rights of sports organizations who organize major sporting events ina country are distinctive features of sports activities. There were two similar laws inthe Ukrainian legislation. Although these laws contained some gaps, this experienceshould become a basis for the introduction of the concept of ambush marketing on aregular basis in the domestic law.Analysis of international agreements in the sporting sphere shows that nowadaysamong the world sports organizations, only intellectual property of InternationalOlympic Committee has an exclusive basis of protection. At the same time, the factthat in general the use and protection of intellectual property is given too little attentionin international agreements in the field of sports gives greater importance tolocal regulations adopted by sports authorities.According to the established practices of foreign sports organizations, professionalrules and contracts between the athlete and the organization contains mutual restrictionsof the use of a number of intellectual property objects constituting the athlete’simage. To date, in Ukrainian practice, only regulations and contracts of several footballorganizations contain the similar provisions, which at the same time have a numberof shortcomings. One of the issues is terminological ambiguity in image rightslegal phenomena, which is still new to Ukrainian practice, and therefore requires theconsistency of definitions between different sports organizations.Thus, although Ukrainian legislation creates the background for domestic sportsorganizations to benefit from their intellectual property, it still requires the adoptionof some new important definitions.
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Zaitsev, O., und T. Dvorianova. „PART-TIME WORK FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS“. Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, Nr. 4 (2020): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.4-6.
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The article draws attention to the Ukrainian full-time students (bachelor's and master's levels of education) who want to combine their studies at a higher education institution with temporary short-term paid work. It is a situation is considered when a full-time student, who has the main activity of the study process in a higher education institution, has a desire to temporarily or once perform certain types of work in order to obtain income. For a student this work is not the main activity, but it is an activity that can take place only in his extracurricular time. In other words, our study examines current employment opportunities for full-time students (bachelor's and master's levels of education) to their free time or in extracurricular activities. This article is about the state of opportunities and directions of organizing temporary employment with payment for work performed for full-time students. The article examines that about 90-99% of full-time students do not have the opportunity to improve their financial situation by applying for a paid job in the educational institution where they study. The study presented in the article showed that in Ukraine there are from 500 to 600 thousand full-time students (bachelor's and master's levels of education) who do not have an entrepreneurially organized opportunity for fast and reliable temporary part-time work. Each student is looking for a temporary part-time job individually and individually outside of their institution. It is proposed to create such an entrepreneurial structure, which, on the one hand, tracks, collects and accumulates applications from legal entities and individuals for certain temporary jobs, and on the other hand, forms its own database of students wishing to work for pay. We are talking about a service business structure subordinated to the educational institution. In Ukraine, such structures are a rare phenomenon. Thus, according to the authors, the further development of research in the direction of the organization of student part-time work includes the development of entrepreneurial measures to create the above service structures under the direct regulation of the educational institution where the student studies.
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Lu, Qianqian, Nannan Zhang, Chen Chen, Miao Zhang, Dehua Zhao und Shuqing An. „The Dynamic Response of Nitrogen Transformation to the Dissolved Oxygen Variations in the Simulated Biofilm Reactor“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 7 (31.03.2021): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073633.
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Lab-scale simulated biofilm reactors, including aerated reactors disturbed by short-term aeration interruption (AE-D) and non-aerated reactors disturbed by short-term aeration (AN-D), were established to study the stable-state (SS) formation and recovery after disturbance for nitrogen transformation in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO), removal efficiency (RE) of NH4+-N and NO3−-N and activity of key nitrogen-cycle functional genes amoA and nirS (RNA level abundance, per ball). SS formation and recovery of DO were completed in 0.56–7.75 h after transition between aeration (Ae) and aeration stop (As). In terms of pollutant REs, new temporary SS formation required 30.7–52.3 h after Ae and As interruptions, and seven-day Ae/As interruptions required 5.0% to 115.5% longer recovery times compared to one-day interruptions in AE-D and AN-D systems. According to amoA activity, 60.8 h were required in AE-D systems to establish new temporary SS after As interruptions, and RNA amoA copies (copy number/microliter) decreased 88.5%, while 287.2 h were required in AN-D systems, and RNA amoA copies (copy number/microliter) increased 36.4 times. For nirS activity, 75.2–85.8 h were required to establish new SSs after Ae and As interruptions. The results suggested that new temporary SS formation and recovery in terms of DO, pollutant REs and amoA and nirS gene activities could be modelled by logistic functions. It is concluded that temporary SS formation and recovery after Ae and As interruptions occurred at asynchronous rates in terms of DO, pollutant REs and amoA and nirS gene activities. Because of DO fluctuations, the quantitative relationship between gene activity and pollutant RE remains a challenge.
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Kldiashvili, Panteleimon (Paata). „THE CURRENT CHALLENGES IN THE REGULATORY SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING ACTIVITIES IN GEORGIA“. Globalization and Business 4, Nr. 8 (27.12.2019): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2019.08.023.
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Accounting and auditing are essential elements of con- temporary economic relations. Their importance and the need for their development are constantly growing. Such rel- evance of the issue has paved the way for our interest in this subject, and accordingly, the purpose, objectives, subject, methods and the informational basis of research have been determined. The purpose of research is to identify the areas where improvements could be made in accounting and auditing regulation for private sector enterprises in Georgia, based on international experience, the country’s international commitments and the characteristic features of economic development.
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Dhungana, Ananta Raj, und Purna Bahadur Khand. „Determinants of Households’ Adaptation Practices against Climate Change Impact on Off Farm Activities in Nepal“. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8 (31.12.2019): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v8i0.27294.
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Study on adaptation practices against climate change impact in agriculture sector have been explored extensively globally but adaptation practices against climate change impact on off farm activities are not studied in detail. This study aims to analyze the determinants of households’ adaptation practices against climate change impact on off farm activities in Nepal. It utilizes the data generated from nationally representative samples of National Climate Change Impact Survey, 2016 conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics. Total sample size of this survey was 5060 households. But for this paper, total of 4114 samples were considered. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze households’ adaptation practices against climate change impact on off-farm activities in Nepal. Most of the respondents are male of age 40-54 years, from non-Brahmin/Chhetri caste/ethnicity, illiterate, with lowest income Quintile, from tropical climate zone and without getting any services from agricultural service center. Females ageless likely to have adaptation practices towards off farm activities (started more off-farm activities; shifted to non-agricultural employment; and temporary out-migration) in compared with male. Non-Brahmin/Chhetri caste/ethnicity with reference to Brahmin/Chhetri is the determining factor for the adaptation practices (shifted to non-agricultural employment; and temporary out-migration). Status of receiving any services from agricultural service center, years of experience in agricultural sector and sub-tropical climate zone with reference to tropical zone are the common determining factors for households’ adaptation practices towards off farm activities against climate change impact in Nepal.
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Akhmedov, Chingiz. „The history of the formation and legislative registration of the activities of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair Police“. Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2021, Nr. 2 (08.07.2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2021-2-27-32.
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In this article, the author examines the history of the formation of the Nizhny Novgorod fair police from the beginning of the XIX century. The reasons for its establishment are found out, from the fact that due to the lack of a sufficient number of police officers of the Nizhny Novgorod province, their functions during the fairs were performed by temporarily assigned Cossack formations from the military department, which did not have a sufficient level of competence in the implementation of law enforcement activities.
The author consistently reveals the interest of the provincial authorities in the protection of law and order during fairs and their interaction with the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs when creating a commission for the formation of police constables on the basis of archival and literary sources. The article examines the activities of the commission for financing the police constables, providing them with weapons and means of movement. On the basis of the instruction, the rights and obligations of the mounted police constables, who ensure the protection of public order during the fairs, were analyzed. The author emphasizes that, despite the temporary nature of the formation of police constables, they were assigned the same duties and enjoyed the same rights as the ranks of the district police.
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Zaman, Asif M., Brian Davidson und Hector M. Malano. „Temporary water trading trends in northern Victoria, Australia“. Water Policy 7, Nr. 4 (01.08.2005): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0026.
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Temporary water trading is now well established in the Goulburn-Broken Catchment irrigation sector, which is located in northern Victoria, Australia. The operation of the Victorian water exchange (Watermove) has, for the past five years, facilitated this trade. In this paper a review of the market activities over this period is provided. Data from Watermove is analysed to determine the main annual and monthly trends in the trade. It is shown empirically that the water market is displaying signs of maturity and a distinct seasonal pattern for the volumes traded and the market water price has developed.