Dissertationen: „Temporary activities“

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Anders, Eriksson, und Sandberg Ludvig. „I en förvandlad stad : En flerfallsstudie om Malmö stads syn på temporära aktiviteter“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42614.

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Den här studien undersöker vilken roll temporära aktiviteter ges i Malmö stads stadsplaneringsprocess.Temporära aktiviteter är en term som omfattar en mängd olika aktiviteter i det offentliga rummen,men vår studie utgår från temporära aktiviteter som fysiskt förändrar och omgestaltar stadsrummet.Temporära aktiviteter och temporär användning har i takt med globaliseringen fått ett allt större utrymme ivästerländska städer, det kan därför ses som en motreaktion på en osäker framtid som präglas av växandeekonomiska, sociala och teknologiska förändringar. Tillämpningen av temporära aktiviteter är ett exempelpå att skapa mer flexibla och dynamiska platser för att ge städer mer livfulla stadsrum, det bidrar till ettdiversifierat och mer heterogent stadslandskap samt med ett förhöjt demokrativärde. Vår forskning baseras på en flerfallstudie av tre olika exempel på temporära aktiviteter som skiljer sig åtutifrån initiativtagarens intention och syfte med användningen. De tre exempel som presenteras i studien ärSteppe Side, Pig Barrier och Naturmolnet. Vi har i fallstudien genomfört två kvalitativa intervjuer gällandedessa exempel, samt genomfört en dokumentanalys för att tolka Malmö stads syn på temporära aktiviteter.Utifrån det empiriska materialet analyseras och diskuteras detta i förhållande till den teoretiska ingången. Studien visar att Malmö stad tillämpar en övergripande instrumentell syn på temporära aktiviteter, vilketinnebär att den ges en underordnad roll och endast fyller ett tomrum i väntan på att en mer gynnsamexploatering tar vid. Med en instrumentell syn på det temporära används det i marknadsföringssyfte och föratt bibehålla skenet av en urban tillväxt. Vad som går förlorat är de mervärden en temporär aktivitet medfördå syftet inte längre är för användarna, utan istället används som ett verktyg som riskerar att bidra till enökad gentrifiering. Vad vi också uppmärksammar i studien är att vi ser försök från Malmö stad till att gå moten mer flexibel och dynamisk planeringsprocess, men att de ännu inte är i det stadiet där det temporära kansamexistera med den långvariga planeringen. Avslutningsvis lyfter studien exempel på åtgärder som vi anserkan bidra till att nå till det stadie där det temporära lever i symbios med det permanenta.
This study examines the role of temporary activities in the City of Malmö’s urban planning process.Temporary activities are a term that encompasses a variety of activities in public spaces, but our study isbased on temporary activities that physically change and transform the urban space. Temporary activitiesand temporary use have, in step with globalization, gained increasing space in Western cities, whichcan therefore be seen as a counter-reaction to an uncertain future characterized by growing economic,social and technological changes. The application of temporary activities is an example of creating moreflexible and dynamic places to give cities more lively urban spaces, it contributes to a diversified and moreheterogeneous urban landscape with an increased democratic value. Our research is based on a multiple-case study of three different examples of temporary activities that differbased on the initiator’s intention and purpose of use. The three examples presented in the study are SteppeSide, Pig Barrier and Naturmolnet. In the case study, we conducted two qualitative interviews regardingthese examples, and conducted a document analysis to interpret the City of Malmö’s view of temporaryactivities. Based on the empirical material, this is analyzed and discussed in relation to the theoreticalframework. The study shows that the City of Malmö applies an overall instrumental view of temporary activities,which means that it is given a subordinate role and only fills a void while waiting for a more favorabledevelopment to take over. With an instrumental view of the temporary, it is used for marketing purposesand to maintain the appearance of urban growth. What is lost is the added value a temporary activity entailsas the purpose is no longer for the users, but instead is used as a tool that risks contributing to increasedgentrification. The study also draws attention to the attempts from the City of Malmö to move towards amore flexible and dynamic planning process, but that they are not yet at the stage where the temporary cancoexist with the long-term planning. Finally, the study highlights examples of measures that we believe cancontribute to reaching the stage where the temporary lives in symbiosis with the permanent.

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Bouahim, Siham. „Usage et conservation des mares temporaires méditerranéennes : cas des mares temporaires de la région de Benslimane (Maroc occidental)“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20131/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de la relation Homme-Mare temporaire dans la région de Benslimane. Une approche pluridisciplinaire intégrant l'écologie et la sociologie a été adoptée, afin d'apporter des réponses adaptées aux problématiques liées à ces habitats et de permettre leur développement durable. Le premier volet a pour but d'évaluer les facteurs clés déterminant la richesse de la végétation des mares de cette région. Les résultats obtenus révèlent l'influence prédominante des facteurs locaux, avec un effet significatif des facteurs régionaux et de la vulnérabilité des mares aux usages, sur l'expression de la richesse floristique. Les activités anthropiques affectent différemment la richesse en espèces Préférentielles. Le second volet se focalise sur les causes de régression des mares, en couplant l'évaluation des menaces à une enquête socio-économique. Les résultats montrent la prédominance d'une perception anthropocentrique des mares temporaires. Ce constat traduit le haut niveau de menace qui pèse sur les mares de cette région. L'évaluation de ces menaces, qui indique que 22 % des mares sont vulnérables et que 23 % sont menacées de destruction à court terme, soulignent le besoin urgent de nouvelles politiques environnementales et d'approches innovantes de gestion des mares temporaires. Enfin, le troisième volet s'intéresse à l'impact du pâturage sur la végétation des mares. Les résultats montrent que cette perturbation affecte la végétation des mares, à l'échelle régionale et locale. Ces résultats sont interprétés comme résultant de l'effet sélectif des herbivores et la tolérance différentielle des espèces aux perturbations. Au terme de cette étude, la gestion intégrée des mares apparaît comme le moyen le plus approprié pour le développement durable de cet "éco-socio-système" complexe, en conciliant développement économique et bon état écologique des ressources, et en liant les questions environnementales, économiques et sociales
This thesis focuses on the study of the relationship Man-Temporary pool. A multidisciplinary approach integrating ecology and sociology has been adopted to provide appropriate responses to the problems related to these ecosystems and to allow their sustainable development. The first section aims at evaluating the key factors determining the vegetation richness within regional pools. The obtained results reveal the predominant influence of local factors, with a significant effect of regional factors and the vulnerability of pools to use, on the expression of the vegetation. Human activities affect differently the richness in preferential pool species. The second section focuses on the major causes of the regression of pools, by coupling threats assessment and a socio-economic survey. The results point out the anthropocentric perception of pools. This translates the high level of threat concerning the temporary pools of Benslimane region. The thr eat assessment, which shows that 22 % of pools are vulnerable, and 23 % are threatened of destruction of the short term, highlights the urgent need for new environmental policies and innovative approaches of temporary pools management. Finally, the third section concerns the impact of grazing on the vegetation of temporary pools. The results demonstrate that grazing affects the vegetation of pools, both at the regional and the local scale. These results are interpreted as a result of the selective influence of herbivores, and the differential tolerance of species to disturbance. At the end of the present study, the integrated management of pools appears as the most appropriate means for the sustainable development of this complex eco-socio-system, by combining the economic development and the ecological status of resources, and by linking environmental, economic and social issues

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Starostina, Alexandra. „Redevelopment of Skeppsbron quay in Stockholm, Sweden“. Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217387.

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Lipton, Zachary C. „Learning from Temporally-Structured Human Activities Data“. Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10683703.

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Despite the extraordinary success of deep learning on diverse problems, these triumphs are too often confined to large, clean datasets and well-defined objectives. Face recognition systems train on millions of perfectly annotated images. Commercial speech recognition systems train on thousands of hours of painstakingly-annotated data. But for applications addressing human activity, data can be noisy, expensive to collect, and plagued by missing values. In electronic health records, for example, each attribute might be observed on a different time scale. Complicating matters further, deciding precisely what objective warrants optimization requires critical consideration of both algorithms and the application domain. Moreover, deploying human-interacting systems requires careful consideration of societal demands such as safety, interpretability, and fairness.

The aim of this thesis is to address the obstacles to mining temporal patterns in human activity data. The primary contributions are: (1) the first application of RNNs to multivariate clinical time series data, with several techniques for bridging long-term dependencies and modeling missing data; (2) a neural network algorithm for forecasting surgery duration while simultaneously modeling heteroscedasticity; (3) an approach to quantitative investing that uses RNNs to forecast company fundamentals; (4) an exploration strategy for deep reinforcement learners that significantly speeds up dialogue policy learning; (5) an algorithm to minimize the number of catastrophic mistakes made by a reinforcement learner; (6) critical works addressing model interpretability and fairness in algorithmic decision-making.

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Cheng, Guangchun. „Video Analytics with Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Activities“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799541/.

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As video capturing devices become more ubiquitous from surveillance cameras to smart phones, the demand of automated video analysis is increasing as never before. One obstacle in this process is to efficiently locate where a human operator’s attention should be, and another is to determine the specific types of activities or actions without ambiguity. It is the special interest of this dissertation to locate spatial and temporal regions of interest in videos and to develop a better action representation for video-based activity analysis. This dissertation follows the scheme of “locating then recognizing” activities of interest in videos, i.e., locations of potentially interesting activities are estimated before performing in-depth analysis. Theoretical properties of regions of interest in videos are first exploited, based on which a unifying framework is proposed to locate both spatial and temporal regions of interest with the same settings of parameters. The approach estimates the distribution of motion based on 3D structure tensors, and locates regions of interest according to persistent occurrences of low probability. Two contributions are further made to better represent the actions. The first is to construct a unifying model of spatio-temporal relationships between reusable mid-level actions which bridge low-level pixels and high-level activities. Dense trajectories are clustered to construct mid-level actionlets, and the temporal relationships between actionlets are modeled as Action Graphs based on Allen interval predicates. The second is an effort for a novel and efficient representation of action graphs based on a sparse coding framework. Action graphs are first represented using Laplacian matrices and then decomposed as a linear combination of primitive dictionary items following sparse coding scheme. The optimization is eventually formulated and solved as a determinant maximization problem, and 1-nearest neighbor is used for action classification. The experiments have shown better results than existing approaches for regions-of-interest detection and action recognition.

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Cheng, Tao. „Automated safety analysis of construction site activities using spatio-temporal data“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47564.

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During the past 10 years, construction was the leading industry of occupational fatalities when compared to other goods producing industries in the US. This is partially attributed to ineffective safety management strategies, specifically lack of automated construction equipment and worker monitoring. Currently, worker safety performance is measured and recorded manually, assessed subjectively, and the resulting performance information is infrequently shared among selected or all project stakeholders. Accurate and emerging remote sensing technology provides critical spatio-temporal data that has the potential to automate and advance the safety monitoring of construction processes. This doctoral research focuses on pro-active safety utilizing radio-frequency location tracking (Ultra Wideband) and real-time three-dimensional (3D) immersive data visualization technologies. The objective of the research is to create a model that can automatically analyze the spatio-temporal data of the main construction resources (personnel, materials, and equipment), and automatically measure, assess, and visualize worker's safety performance. The research scope is limited to human-equipment interaction in a complex construction site layout where proximities among construction resources are omnipresent. In order to advance the understanding of human-equipment proximity issues, extensive data has been collected in various field trials and from projects with multiple scales. Computational algorithms developed in this research process the data to provide spatio-temporal information that is crucial for construction activity monitoring and analysis. Results indicate that worker's safety performance of selected activities can be automatically and objectively measured using the developed model. The major contribution of this research is the creation of a proximity hazards assessment model to automatically analyze spatio-temporal data of construction resources, and measure, evaluate, and visualize their safety performance. This research will significantly contribute to transform safety measures in construction industry, as it can determine and communicate automatically safe and unsafe conditions to various project participants located on the field or remotely.

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Jørgensen, Carl-Johan. „Scheduling activities under spatial and temporal constraints to populate virtual urban environments“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S033/document.

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Les modèles de simulation de foules visent généralement à produire des foules visuellement crédibles avec l'intention d'insuffler de la vie à des environnements virtuels. Notre travail se concentre sur la génération de comportements statistiquement cohérents qui peuvent être utilisés pour piloter des modèles de simulation de foules sur de longues périodes de temps, jusqu'à plusieurs jours. Dans les foules réelles, les comportements des individus dépendent principalement de l'activité qu'ils ont l'intention d'effectuer. La façon d’ordonnancer cette activité repose sur l'interaction étroite qui existe entre l'environnement, les contraintes spatiales et temporelles associées à l'activité et les caractéristiques personnelles des individus. Par rapport à l'état de l'art, notre modèle gérer mieux cette interaction. Nos principales contributions se situent dans le domaine de l'ordonnancement d'activités et de la planification de chemin. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons un processus d'ordonnancement d'activités individuelles et son extension aux activités coopératives. Basé sur les descriptions de l'environnement, des activités désirées et des caractéristiques des agents, ces processus génèrent une séquence de la tâche pour chaque agent. Des lieux où ces tâches doivent être effectuées sont sélectionnés et un timing relâché est produit. Cet ordonnancement est compatible avec les contraintes spatiales et temporelles liées à l'environnement et à l'activité prévue par l'agent et par d'autres agents en coopération. Il prend également en compte les caractéristiques personnelles des agents, induisant de la diversité dans les ordonnancements produits. Nous montrons que notre modèle produit des comportements statistiquement cohérents avec ceux produits par des personnes dans les mêmes situations. Dans un second temps, nous proposons un processus de planification de chemins hiérarchique. Il repose sur un processus d'analyse de l'environnement automatique qui produit une représentation hiérarchique sémantiquement cohérente des villes virtuelles. La nature hiérarchique de cette représentation est utilisée pour modéliser différents niveaux de prise de décisions. Un chemin grossier est d'abord calculé, puis raffiné pendant la navigation lorsque de l'information pertinente est disponible, permettant ainsi à l'agent d'adapter son chemin à des événements inattendus. Le modèle proposé gère des décisions rationnelles à long terme guidant la navigation des agents dans les villes virtuelles. Il prend en compte la forte relation entre le temps, l'espace et l'activité pour produire les comportements des agents plus crédibles de. Il peut être utilisé pour peupler facilement des villes virtuelles avec des foules au sein desquelles des phénomènes observables émergent de l'activité individuelle
Crowd simulation models usually aim at producing visually credible crowds with the intent of giving life to virtual environments. Our work focusses on generating statistically consistent behaviours that can be used to pilot crowd simulation models over long periods of time, up to multiple days. In real crowds, people's behaviours mainly depend on the activities they intend to perform. The way this activity is scheduled rely on the close interaction between the environment, space and time constraints associated with the activity and personal characteristics of individuals. Compared to the state of the art, our model better handle this interaction. Our main contributions lie in the domain of activity scheduling and path planning. First, we propose an individual activity scheduling process and its extension to cooperative activity scheduling. Based on descriptions of the environment, of intended activities and of agents' characteristics, these processes generate a task schedule for each agent. Locations where the tasks should be performed are selected and a relaxed agenda is produced. This task schedule is compatible with spatial and temporal constraints associated with the environment and with the intended activity of the agent and of other cooperating agents. It also takes into account the agents personal characteristics, inducing diversity in produced schedules. We show that our model produces schedules statistically coherent with the ones produced by humans in the same situations. Second, we propose a hierarchical path-planning process. It relies on an automatic environment analysis process that produces a semantically coherent hierarchical representation of virtual cities. The hierarchical nature of this representation is used to model different levels of decision making related to path planning. A coarse path is first computed, then refined during navigation when relevant information is available. It enable the agent to seamlessly adapt its path to unexpected events. The proposed model handles long term rational decisions driving the navigation of agents in virtual cities. It considers the strong relationship between time, space and activity to produce more credible agents' behaviours. It can be used to easily populate virtual cities in which observable crowd phenomena emerge from individual activities

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Bhonsle, Shailendra K. „Semiorder model for temporal composition of activities from events in multi-sensory information management systems /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9963652.

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LaFever, Kristin E. „Spatial and temporal winter territory use and behavioral responses of whooping cranes to human activities“. [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1877.

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Macgregor, Kenneth Gordon Neils. „Spatial and temporal variations in potentially toxic elemental (Sb, Pb, Cu and Zn) and PAH concentrations and associations in run-off from urban and rural areas of Scotland“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25497.

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Since the UK industrial revolution, coal combustion, ore smelting and other industrial activities have resulted in a marked increase in emissions of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as antimony (Sb), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), along with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to the atmosphere. Although stricter environmental regulation and improved technology has led to a notable decline for some contaminant emissions in recent decades, this has not been observed for all elements, e.g. Sb, where only a modest reduction in emissions have been recorded. Once emitted, Sb along with Pb, As, Cu, Zn and PAHs may persist in the environment for considerable periods of time after their release; although their chemical associations may change, elements are not broken down over time and organic contaminants may break down slowly. Above all, PTEs and PAHs are detrimental to human and environmental health, with chemical forms of Sb, Pb, As and PAHs categorised as carcinogenic. Understanding their behaviour and fate in the environment is therefore an important step towards evaluating their likely impact on both ecosystem and human health. Consequently, this study focuses on the release, behaviour and fate of contaminants from current and past anthropogenic sources in the urban and rural environment, with a specific interest in Sb and PAHs, where emissions originate from similar anthropogenic sources, with Pb, As, Cu and Zn also included for comparison purposes. Current and past industrial activity was identified as the dominant source of PTEs and PAHs to the urban environment, with emissions from vehicle, coal combustion and metal smelting identified as main contributors to total contaminant concentrations. Using road dust collected from Edinburgh at five high- and low-traffic roads at a distance of 10 and 50 m from the closest road junction, concentrations of Sb, Pb, Cu, Zn, PAHs and Pb isotope ratios were determined, with road dust undergoing further characterisation using chemical (sequential extraction) and spectroscopic (X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDX) techniques. No consistent trend for the element concentrations released from vehicles braking at 10 and 50 m from the closest road junction was observed. Mean concentrations for Sb, Cu and Zn were 5.3 ± 2.8 mg kg-1, 91.4 ± 48 mg kg-1 and 237 ± 144 mg kg-1, respectively, and were similar to road dust sampled from five high- and five low-traffic locations in Glasgow (Sb 4.5 ± 2.1 mg kg-1; Cu 117 ± 71.9 mg kg-1; Zn: 283 ± 146 mg kg-1). This was in contrast to mean concentrations for Pb and Σ16PAHs obtained from Glasgow (Pb 250 ± 283 mg kg-1, Σ16PAH 7.7 ± 4.3 mg kg-1) where values were approximately double and two-thirds greater than those found in Edinburgh (Pb 135 ± 129 mg kg-1, Σ16PAH 4.7 ± 2.9 mg kg-1), respectively. Lead isotopic analysis of Glasgow road dust (206Pb/207Pb range of 1.140-1.174) showed a strong influence of past emissions from coal combustion and metal smelting, and was in agreement with Glasgow's industrial history. For Edinburgh, the isotopic signature was considerably lower (206Pb/207Pb range of 1.116-1.151), and was influenced moreso by emissions of Australian sourced Pb in leaded fuel. Isotopic signatures in Edinburgh were lowest at easterly locations within 5 km of Edinburgh airport (206Pb/207Pb ~ 1.12), and corresponded with past vehicle emissions from leaded petrol use, and to a lesser degree, emissions from avgas, which was consistent with the mean annual wind direction for Edinburgh. The mobility of elements from the road dust to the aqueous phase were assessed by sequential extraction, and by using road surface water samples which showed mobility decreased in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Sb. Road dust characterised by XRD and SEM-EDX had a high proportion of quartz present (~55%), whilst the presence of less abundant minerals such as calcite were found to increase Pb mobility through ease of dissolution into the aqueous phase. For the rural environment, the behaviour and fate of elemental pollution originating from two former mining sites, an Sb mine at Glendinning, SW Scotland, and a Pb mine at Tyndrum in central Scotland was examined. Under specific environmental conditions, Sb was found to be both mobile and immobile in the environment. The chemical weathering of stibnite found in spoil heaps at Glendinning Sb mine demonstrated that ~3% of total Sb can be mobilised during the chemical weathering process, while hydrous Fe oxides and organic matter in the surrounding soil favoured its retention. The retention of Sb, along with Pb, was similarly observed in Loch Tay sediment downstream of Tyndrum Pb mine, where upon deposition, Sb and Pb remained immobile in sediment and allowed the construction of deposition chronologies for two sediment cores to be established. Excellent agreement between the sediment core deposition chronologies was observed, with both chronologies identifying atmospheric deposition as the primary source of Sb to Loch Tay sediment, whilst the dominant source of Pb was from Tyndrum Pb mine ~25 km upstream of Loch Tay. Relative to Sb and Pb, As had the greatest mobility, with its geochemical behaviour and partial retention by the solid phase influenced by the presence of Fe. This was evident in the surrounding soil at Glendinning Sb mine, where As was associated with hydrous Fe oxides present in the solid phase, while at Loch Tay, the redox cycling of Fe resulted in the post-depositional mobility of As in sediment. The use of ombrotrophic peat bogs for this study provided an effective means to assess atmospheric deposition of contaminants over past centuries; they continually accumulate and receive all their nutrients and contaminants exclusively by deposition from the atmosphere. The deposition archives of Sb and Pb from two Scottish peat cores sampled from Great Moss, Cairngorms Mountains, and, Auchencorth Moss, Midlothian, were used to construct chronologies for historic and contemporary emissions, particularly in relation to current and historic anthropogenic activities observed in urban and rural environments. At Great Moss, the deposition of Sb and Pb during the 19th century increased by a factor of 10 and 4, respectively, as a result of the industrial revolution and emissions from the combustion of coal and metal smelting. The trend continued into the 20th century where Sb and Pb deposition peaked ~1950, followed by a decline towards the early 21st century by a factor of 5 and 11, respectively. Over this period of time, the contribution from coal combustion and metal smelting towards total anthropogenic emissions was on the decline, while emissions from the combustion of leaded fuel increased until the ~1980s. Although deposition chronologies before 1970 for Sb and Pb at Auchencorth Moss were generally in agreement with those from Great Moss, several differences were observed after 1970, or more specifically, in the top ~10 cm of the peat core. This was a result of sub-surface perturbations for Ti, Sb, Pb and 210Pb concentrations, and indicated once deposited, elements were susceptible to post-depositional mobility brought about from a change in environmental conditions. The thicker acrotelm layer present at Auchencorth Moss, and the vertical movement of the peat water-table within this layer, resulted in a change in redox conditions and led to the redox cycling of Mn and Fe, which in turn, influenced vertical concentrations of Ti, Sb, Pb and 210Pb. While Sb and Pb are usually found immobile in peat systems, the post-deposition mobility of Sb and Pb at Auchencorth Moss was comparable to a peat core sampled from Flanders Moss, and indicated that under specific environmental conditions, both elements can become mobile in ombrotrophic peat bogs. It is worth bearing in mind however, that these results are the exception, and in all other cases ombrotrophic peat bogs remain a reliable archival material to use.

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Kinoshita, Masako. „Electric cortical stimulation suppresses epileptic and background activities in neocortical epilepsy and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy“. Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144790.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(医学)
甲第11466号
医博第2889号
新制||医||900(附属図書館)
23109
UT51-2005-D216
京都大学大学院医学研究科脳統御医科学系専攻
(主査)教授福山秀直, 教授林拓二, 教授河野憲二
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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FUENTES, Eduardo Vetromilla. „Efeito da heterogeneidade de habitats sobre o fitoplâncton no reservatório de Moxotó, Rio São Francisco,Brasil“. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4776.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Given the multiplicity of uses to which reservoirs are generally subjected, it is expected to find different conditions of composition, density and biomass of phytoplankton, due to possible spatial and seasonal variations of limnological conditions and land uses in the basin. Aiming to know the structure of phytoplankton and its variation in function of spatial heterogeneity in Moxotó Reservoir, located in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil, samples were analyzed in two periods, rainy (June 2009) and dry (December 2009). Samples were collected at a station in body (dam upstream) and at five in arms representing several human activities (aquaculture, agriculture, urban settlement, landfill and without punctual activity). Limnological variables, richness, density and biomass of phytoplankton were analyzed. Abundance/biomass comparison curves (ABC) were used to analyze phytoplankton structure. Algae diversity between periods and samples was estimated by cluster analysis, using species presence/absence data. Samples were ordinate (NMDS) by abundance and biomass of phytoplankton descriptor species. The relation between phytoplankton and limnological data was accessed by Pearson’s univariate correlation and BIOENV multivariate analysis. The reservoir presented regulated flow, short theoretical retention time (<7 days) and high water transparency (median zEUF: zMAX = 1.0). Phytoplankton biomass was consistent with low-productive systems (median = 0.9 mg L-1), limited mainly by phosphorus in rainy period (median SRP = 8.4 μg L-1), and nitrogen in dry period (median DIN = 36.5 μg L-1). Phytoplankton composition showed marked seasonality, especially for diatoms, with main contributions of planktonic in rainy period and typically periphytic in dry period. Under limitation by SRP and DIN, organisms adapted to mixotrophy (dinoflagellates and euglenoids) reached higher biomass. In contrast, nanoplanktonic organisms (chlorophytes and cryptophytes) were dominant in conditions of high nutrient availability. The studied sites showed three distinct environments: body, arms with submerged macrophytes and arms under influence of tributaries. Among human activities observed, agriculture was considered the most striking in relation to eutrophication. Moreover, proliferation of submerged macrophytes in arms can cause impairment for multiple uses, despite apparent benefits on water quality (increased transparency). Human activities, presence of submerged macrophytes and retention time influenced the availability of resources, being considered the driving forces of phytoplankton structure.
Em vista da multiplicidade de usos à qual os reservatórios geralmente estão sujeitos, espera-se encontrar condições diferenciadas quanto à composição, densidade e biomassa fitoplanctônica, em função de possíveis variações espaciais e sazonais das condições limnológicas e de ocupação do solo na bacia. Com o objetivo de conhecer a estrutura fitoplanctônica e sua variação em função da heterogeneidade espacial no reservatório hidrelétrico de Moxotó, situado na região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil, foram analisadas amostras em dois períodos sazonais, de chuvas (junho/2009) e de estiagem (dezembro/2009). As coletas foram realizadas em uma estação no corpo central (barragem à montante) e cinco em reentrâncias representativas de diversas atividades antrópicas (piscicultura, agricultura, ocupação urbana, aterro sanitário e sem atividade pontual). Foram analisadas variáveis limnológicas, riqueza, densidade e biomassa fitoplanctônica. Curvas de comparação de abundância e biomassa acumuladas (curvas ABC) foram utilizadas na análise da estrutura do fitoplâncton. A diversidade algal entre períodos e estações foi estimada através de análise de agrupamento, utilizando-se dados de presença/ausência de espécies. As estações foram ordenadas (NMDS) em função da densidade e biomassa de espécies descritoras do fitoplâncton (valores relativos de abundância e/ou biomassa acima de 5%). A relação entre o fitoplâncton e os dados limnológicos foi acessada através de correlação univariada de Pearson e análise multivariada BIOENV. O reservatório apresentou vazão regularizada, tempo teórico de retenção curto (< 7 dias) e transparência da água elevada (mediana zEUF:zMAX = 1,0). A biomassa fitoplanctônica foi compatível com sistemas pouco produtivos (mediana = 0,9 mg L-1), limitadas principalmente por fósforo nas chuvas (mediana SRP = 8,4 μg L-1), e nitrogênio na estiagem (mediana DIN = 36,5 μg L-1). A composição fitoplanctônica apresentou sazonalidade marcante, especialmente para diatomáceas, com maiores participações das planctônicas nas chuvas e das tipicamente perifíticas, na estiagem. Em condições de limitação por SRP e DIN, organismos adaptados a mixotrofia (dinoflagelados e euglenóides) atingiram biomassas mais elevadas. Por outro lado, organismos nanoplanctônicos (clorofíceas e criptofíceas) foram dominantes em condições de disponibilidade de nutrientes. Os locais estudados mostraram a existência de três ambientes distintos, sendo corpo central e reentrâncias com macrófitas submersas e sob influência de tributários. Dentre as atividades antrópicas observadas, a agrícola foi considerada a mais impactante em relação à eutrofização. Por outro lado, a proliferação de macrófitas submersas em reentrâncias pode ocasionar o comprometimento destes locais para fins de usos múltiplos, apesar dos aparentes benefícios para a qualidade da água (aumento da transparência). Atividades antrópicas, presença de macrófitas submersas e tempo de retenção influenciaram a disponibilidade de recursos, sendo consideradas os fatores direcionadores da estrutura do fitoplâncton.

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Le, Duigou Caroline. „Etudes physiologiques des activités épileptiformes dans le modèle animal kaïnate d'épilepsie du lobe temporal“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066377.

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Le modèle animal d’épilepsie du lobe temporal induit par l’injection intrahippocampique de kaïnate chez la souris reproduit le syndrome humain. Des études électrophysiologiques sur des tranches longitudinales d’hippocampe ont été faites afin d’étudier les mécanismes de génèse et de propagation des activités épileptiformes générées. Lors de l’état de mal, le site d’injection reste silencieux. A distance de l’injection, des activités de population synchrones retardées émergent, oscillatoires ou intercritiques, et se maintiennent pendant plusieurs heures. Lors de la période des crises, des activités intercritiques spontanées émergent à la fois dans les hippocampes injectés et non injectés. Elles dépendent de la signalisation glutamatergique et sont associées à une augmentation de l’excitabilité cellulaire et des modifications de l’homéostasie du chlore. Des crises peuvent également être induites par des stimulations tétaniques ou bien des injections focales de GABA et potassium.

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Gao, Huaizhu. „Temporal and spatial statistical analyses of tropospheric ozone, NOx dynamics and heavy-duty truck transportation activities in southern California /“. For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2004.
Degree granted in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online. (Restricted to UC campuses)

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Cenier, Tristan. „Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l’information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10093/document.

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Une particularité de la modalité sensorielle olfactive est la nature complexe du stimulus chimique à représenter. Les cellules sensorielles de la cavité nasale sont sensibles aux traits physico-chimiques des molécules et transmettent cette information vers le bulbe olfactif, premier relais central de cette modalité. L’organisation des voies de projection vers le bulbe entraîne une spatialisation de l’activité dans cette structure, ce qui constitue un mode de représentation de l’information mais qui n’est pas suffisant à lui seul. Le bulbe olfactif est également marqué par des phénomènes dynamiques prépondérants. Tout d’abord le rythme respiratoire, qui organise temporellement le niveau d’activation de l’appareil sensoriel, ensuite les oscillations des potentiels de champs locaux, et enfin les oscillations sous-liminaires des potentiels de membrane des cellules. Ces éléments dynamiques pourraient être le support de la formation d’assemblées de neurones, sous-populations de cellules synchronisées transitoirement et permettant la représentation de l’information suivant un principe spatio-temporel. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse sont basés sur l’enregistrement conjoint des activités unitaires des cellules du bulbe, des oscillations des potentiels de champs locaux et de la respiration en réponse à des stimulations olfactives. Nous montrons les relations existant entre les différents phénomènes dynamiques et comment ils permettent d’organiser l’activité des cellules pour aboutir à la formation d’assemblées de neurones fonctionnelles. Nous mettons particulièrement en évidence le rôle central de la respiration dans le fonctionnement intégré du bulbe olfactif
A striking feature of the olfactory sensory system is its ability to deal with a complex multi-dimensional chemical stimuli. Receptor cells in the nasal cavity are sensitive to specific features of molecules and transmit this information to the olfactory bulb, first relay for olfaction in the central nervous system. Due to the organization of projection pathways to the bulb, afferent information activates the structure in a topographical fashion ; although this may constitute a coding strategy for olfactory information it has proven insufficient, and other strategies must be investigated. Dynamic phenomenons are a preponderant feature of the olfactory bulb. The respiratory rhythm imposes a sinusoidal level of activation to the system, oscillations in local field potentials and subthreshold oscillations in neurons membrane potentials may interact and lead to the transient synchronization of sub-populations of neurons. This particular mechanism, designated as neural assemblies, is in theory a good candidate for the representation of olfactory information. The work presented here is based on conjoint recordings, in anesthetized animals, of unitary activities, oscillations in the LFP and respiration, in response to olfactory stimulation. We show the relationships existing between the various dynamic phenomenons, and hypothesize on their functional roles. We propose that a same mechanism may form different neural assemblies each assuming a specific functional role. The respiratory rhythm acts as a gating system, organizing the formation of successive yet different neural assemblies

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Bayer, Anne Isabel [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Meckenstock und Arnulf [Akademischer Betreuer] Melzer. „Spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial activities in a tar oil contaminated aquifer / Anne Bayer. Gutachter: Arnulf Melzer. Betreuer: Rainer Meckenstock“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019589353/34.

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Terzi, Firat [Verfasser], und Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuner. „A genetically encoded system with high spatio-temporal resolution for in vivo modification of neuronal network activities / Firat Terzi ; Betreuer: Thomas Kuner“. Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177385147/34.

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Zamora-Ledezma, Ezequiel. „Evidences for an indirect effect of root functional traits and plant composition on soil microbial activities in Mediterranean rangelands : a spatial and temporal approach“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20176/document.

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Il est de plus en plus admis que pour comprendre le fonctionnement des écosystèmes, une approche aérienne associée à une approche souterraine est nécessaire en raison des rétroactions entre plantes et sol. La structure des communautés végétales peut affecter le fonctionnement du sol en altérant la quantité et la qualité des ressources intégrant le sol. Les contrôles abiotiques des processus microbiens du sol sont largement documentés, mais les potentiels effets de la composition de la communauté végétale et des traits racinaires sont peu connus. L'étude a été menée sur des prairies méditerranéennes du sud de la France. Nous avons sélectionné 12 communautés contrastées le long d'un gradient de disponibilité des ressources du sol principalement lié à la texture du sol. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d'évaluer i) la réponse de la composition floristique et des traits foliaires et racinaires mesurés au niveau de la communauté le long gradient édaphique et à travers les saisons, et ii) leurs effets sur trois processus microbiens du sol impliqués dans les cycles du carbone (C) et de l'azote (N) : la respiration potentielle (SIR), la nitrification (NEA) et la dénitrification (DEA). Dans les sols sableux (parcelles peu productives), la communauté végétale possède une stratégie de conservation au niveau des feuilles et une stratégie d'acquisition des ressources au niveau des racines suggérant une forte plasticité des traits racinaires en réponse à la limitation des ressources ; les taux de SIR et NEA sont élevés. Un patron opposé est observé dans les sols argileux des milieux productifs. La DEA ne varie pas le long du gradient. Aucun effet de la richesse spécifique, de l'équitabilité ou de la biomasse végétale sur la SIR ou la NEA n'a été trouvé. Cependant, nous avons démontré qu'il y a une forte influence de la composition fonctionnelle des communautés végétales (abondance des graminoïdes), et surtout des traits racinaires. Nos résultats les plus novateurs montrent que la NEA et dans une moindre mesure la SIR sont positivement corrélés à la concentration en N des racines de la communauté et négativement corrélés à leur ratio C/N, tandis que les traits foliaires analogues ont seulement un effet mineur sur les activités microbiennes. Ces résultats suggèrent que la qualité chimique des racines est le principal pilote des activités du sol et que cela est maintenu à travers les saisons. D'importantes variations saisonnières de la composition floristique des communautés, de leurs traits racinaires et des activités microbiennes, excepté la DEA, ont été mises en avant. Les variations saisonnières des traits racinaires sont interprétées comme un changement relatif de la proportion de racines jeunes/vieilles et suggèrent une asynchronie entre la croissance aérienne et souterraine. Pour la première fois, nous montrons qu'en conditions naturelles, les changements saisonniers des traits fonctionnels racinaires peuvent être impliqués dans le pilotage de la NEA et de la SIR. Ce résultat démontre la nécessité d'études plus approfondies pour comprendre le rôle des traits racinaires comme pilote du fonctionnement du sol
It is increasingly recognized that the understanding of ecosystem functioning requires a combined above- and belowground approach, because of the importance of feedbacks between plants and soil. Plant community structure may affect soil functioning by altering the quantity and the quality of resources entering the soil. Abiotic controls on soil microbial processes are well documented, but potential effects of plant composition and root traits are poorly understood. The study was conducted in Mediterranean grasslands located in southern France. We selected 12 contrasting communities along a gradient of soil resource availability, which is mainly driven by soil texture. The aims of the thesis were to evaluate: i) the response of plant composition and leaf and root traits measured at the community level along the soil gradient and across seasons, ii) their effect on three soil microbial processes involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, i.e. substrate-induced respiration (SIR), nitrifying (NEA) and denitrifying enzyme activities (DEA). In sandy soils (unproductive plots) plant communities had a conservation strategy at the leaf level and an acquisitive strategy at the root level suggesting a strong plasticity of root traits in response to resource limitation; rates of SIR and NEA were higher. Opposite pattern was observed in clay productive soils. DEA did not vary along the gradient. We did not find evidence of a species richness, evenness, or plant biomass effect on SIR and NEA. However, we demonstrated that they were strongly influenced by plant functional composition (abundance of graminoids), and particularly by root traits. Our most innovative finding evidences that NEA, and to a lesser extent SIR, were positively correlated with root nitrogen (N) concentration and negatively correlated with C/Ncom, whereas analogous leaf traits have only minor effect on microbial activities. Our results suggested that the chemical quality of roots is the main driver of soil activities and this was confirmed across the seasons. We highlight strong seasonal variations in plant community composition, root traits and soil microbial activity, except DEA. Seasonal variations in root traits were interpreted as a relative change in the proportion of young versus old roots and suggested an asynchrony between above– and belowground growth. We showed for the first time evidences that in natural conditions, seasonal changes in root functional traits could be implicated in driving NEA and SIR. This result demonstrates the need to further develop studies allowing a better understanding of the role of root traits as soil functioning drivers

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Le, Guyader Damien. „Modélisation des activités humaines en mer côtière“. Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717420.

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Les mers côtières jouent un rôle essentiel pour les sociétés humaines. Mais la concentration et la diversité des activités qui s'y développent exercent une pression croissante sur cet espace et les milieux associés en générant des interactions parfois conflictuelles entre activités. La compréhension de ces interactions constitue un enjeu en termes de recherche et pour la société civile. Une méthodologie visant à décrire la distribution spatio-temporelle de différentes activités en mer côtière est donc conçue et mise en œuvre en rade de Brest. La collecte de données spatiales, temporelles, quantitatives et qualitatives combine l'analyse de bases de données spatio-temporelles comme celles issues du Système d'Identification Automatique (AIS), et le dépouillement d'entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de personnes-ressources. À partir des données hétérogènes collectées, une information structurée dans une base de données spatio-temporelle (BDST) est produite. Dans un premier temps, son exploitation cartographique par un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) permet la réalisation d'instantanés au pas de temps quotidien sur l'ensemble d'une année. La qualité de l'information temporelle et quantitative puis la nature et la source de l'information spatiale sont renseignées. Dans un second temps, la BDST est mobilisée pour identifier, spatialiser et quantifier les conflits d'usages potentiels et les interactions spatio-temporelles potentielles négatives entre les activités considérées en rade de Brest.

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Santos, Valdemberg Ant?nio Ara?jo dos. „Din?mica do uso e ocupa??o do solo no litoral de Macau-RN no per?odo de 1978 a 2008“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18868.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValdembergAAS.pdf: 4975019 bytes, checksum: f75f416655ac17172121b061a2d7e7f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-10
This study was developed in the northern coast of the city of Macau, a total area of 88,52 km?, located in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. It presents relatively plain surface, with interlaced of streams and gamboas, characterized by contributions of oceanic water, flooding areas of swamps. Altogether, the climatic and topographical conditions provide an ideal environment for the development of saline activity. Inserted in the geologic context of the Potiguar Basin, the region presents favorable conditions for the production of hydro-carbons. It still presents natural conditions for shrimp breeding and artisanal fishing. This work analyzes the transformations occurred in the land use, using air photographs of 1978, Landsat 5 ETM Images of 1988, 1998 and 2008. A secular analyzes was carried through the dynamics of the use of the territory and the transformations occurred in the landscape due to the increment of the productive activities. In the survey of the data for study of the area, it was verified that little alteration occurred in the 30 years. The saline activity that was present since the year of 1978 having an increase of about 5% in thirty years; the shrimp breeding activity that had its presence in the decade of 1990, presented a high growth in the land use, therefore in 1998 it presented 0.45% and currently it presents 6.59%. In the field it was observed that great areas used previously for the saline activity, today it is prepared for shrimp breeding and that the areas of petroleum exploration occupy salt mines, beaches and trays. In 1988 it presented a percentage of 0, 07% and currently it occupies 0.46%, having grown 50% in the last 10 years. Although the variation of the occupation of the area has been little expressive, shrimp breeding showed a growth of 1,200% in only 10 years. In regards to petroleum activity, there wasn t any demonstration of an increasing impact in the land use in the area of study in 26 years of exploration
Este estudo foi desenvolvido no litoral setentrional do munic?pio de Macau, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, totalizando uma ?rea de 88,52 km?. Apresenta superf?cie relativamente plana, com entrela?ados de riachos e gamboas, caracterizada por contribui??es de ?guas oce?nicas, alagando ?reas de manguezais. Somadas ?s condi??es clim?ticas e topogr?ficas proporcionam um ambiente ideal para o desenvolvimento da atividade salineira. Inserida no contexto geol?gico da Bacia Potiguar, a regi?o apresenta condi??es favor?veis para a produ??o de hidrocarbonetos. Apresenta, ainda, condi??es naturais para a carcinicultura e pesca artesanal. Este trabalho analisa as transforma??es ocorridas no uso do solo, utilizando fotografias a?reas de 1978, Imagens Landsat 5 ETM de 1988, 1998 e 2008. Foi realizada uma an?lise temporal da din?mica do uso do territ?rio e as transforma??es ocorridas na paisagem, devido ao incremento das atividades produtivas. No levantamento dos dados para estudo da ?rea, foi verificado que pouca altera??o ocorreu nos 30 anos em tela. A atividade salineira que estava presente desde o ano de 1978, tendo um aumento aproximado de 5 % em trinta anos; a carcinicultura que teve sua presen?a na d?cada de 1990 apresentou um elevado crescimento no uso do solo, pois em 1998 apresentava 0,45% - atualmente 6,59%. No campo, observou-se que grandes ?reas utilizadas anteriormente para a atividade salineira, hoje se encontram preparadas para a carcinicultura e que as ?reas de explora??o petrol?fera ocupam salinas, praias e tabuleiros. Em 1988, ela apresentou uma porcentagem de 0,07% e atualmente ocupa 0,46%, tendo crescido 50% nos ?ltimos 10 anos. Embora a varia??o da ocupa??o da ?rea tenha sido pouco expressiva, a carcinicultura mostrou um crescimento de 1200% em apenas 10 anos. No tocante ? atividade petrol?fera, n?o houve demonstra??o de um aumento impactante no uso do solo na ?rea de estudo em 26 anos de explora??o

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Smucker, Nathan J. „Using Diatoms and Biofilms to Assess Agricultural and Coal Mining Impacts on Streams, Spatio-Temporal Variability, and Successional Processes“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276285170.

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Bannier, Dorian. „Dynamique des activités évoquées corticales de la phase décisionnelle de la discrimination temporelle : approche comportementale et électrophysiologique“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR124/document.

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La particularité du temps est de n’être l’objet d’aucun système sensoriel, contrairement aux stimulations lumineuses ou sonores. Quelles sont les opérations cognitives, en dehors de l’horloge interne, qui sont impliquées dans le fait que nous soyons capables de dire qu’une durée est plus courte qu’une autre ? Quelle est la dynamique de ces processus ? Pour le déterminer, nous nous sommes basés sur l’étude du comportement et des potentiels évoqués dans des tâches de discrimination temporelle. Plusieurs objectifs ont été poursuivis. Premièrement, il s’agissait de déterminer les processus, ainsi que leur dynamique, pouvant être mis en évidence dans la manipulation de l’information temporelle. Un deuxième objectif consistait à préciser l’impact du contexte sur le recrutement et la dynamique de ces processus. Un dernier objectif était d’explorer l’effet de la durée présentée et celui de la consigne sur les processus impliqués dans le traitement temporel et sur leur dynamique. Les résultats principaux sont les suivants. Premièrement, des composantes évoquées frontopariétales indexaient la comparaison, la prise de décision, l’attention et la mémoire de travail. Deuxièmement, ces activités étaient modulées par la saillance perceptive. En outre, une durée particulièrement saillante permet de terminer la comparaison avant la fin du stimulus. Troisièmement, le contexte de présentation modulait les activités évoquées associées au moment où la décision est prise. En conclusion, cette thèse met en évidence que les processus à l’œuvre dans la perception temporelle ne sont pas spécifiques au traitement des durées, comme l’attention et la mémoire de travail
The peculiarity of time is that it is not the object of any sensory system, contrary to the stimuli consisting of light or sound. What cognitive operations, apart from the internal clock, are involved in the fact that we are able to say that one duration is shorter than another? What is the dynamic of these processes? To determine it, we have based ourselves on the study of the behavior and the event-related potentials in several tasks of temporal discrimination. Several objectives were adressed. The first objective was to determining the processes and associated ERPs, as well as their dynamics that can be demonstrated in the manipulation of the temporal information. A second aim was to specify the impact of the context on recruitment and the dynamics of these processes. A final objective was to investigate the effect of the duration presented and that of the instruction on the processes involved in the temporal treatment as well as on their dynamics. The main results are as follows. First, frontoparietal event-related components indexed comparison, decision making, orientation of attention and working memory. Secondly, these activities were modulated by the perceptual salience of a duration. Moreover, a particularly salient duration allow the end of the comparison before the end of the stimulus. Third, the impact of the presentation context modulated the evoked activities associated at the time the decision is made. In conclusion, this thesis shows that the processes at work in time perception are not specific to the treatment of durations, such as attention and working memory

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Arenas, Pimentel Luis Diego. „Contributions d'un modèle microscopique à la résolution du problème de construction d'une grille horaire et à la planification des activités de maintenance de l'infrastructure ferroviaire“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0034/document.

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La plupart des systèmes ferroviaires subissent une demande croissante de capacité. Pour y faire face, il faut construire de nouvelles infrastructures ou exploiter plus efficacement celles existantes, notamment en définissant des grilles horaires optimisées. Dans la littérature, la plupart des approches de construction des grilles sont basées sur des représentations macroscopiques de l'infrastructure, ce qui peut conduireà des solutions infaisables ou inefficaces. En revanche, les approches microscopiques reposent sur une modélisation réaliste du système ferroviaire, ce qui garantit la faisabilité et l'efficacité des résultats. Néanmoins, en raison de leur complexité, l'utilisation de ces approches est généralement limitée à une seule gare. Malgré l'optimisation de la grille horaire, les travaux de maintenance peuvent avoir un fort impact sur les circulations des trains. En présence de maintenances, il peut donc être nécessaire de redéfinir la grille horaire pour assurer une exploitation efficace de la capacité. Nous présentons deux contributions principales sous forme de deux approches microscopiques : une pour la conception de grilles horaires et l'autre pour leur redéfinition en cas de maintenance. La deuxième est la première approche microscopique qui apparaît dans la littérature pour aborder ce problème tout en considérant des aspects comme les limitations temporaires de vitesse. Nous démontrons la validité de nos approches et leur applicabilité dans des scénarios réels. De plus, nous montrons que les approches microscopiques peuvent être utilisées pour traiter des zones de l'infrastructure contenant plusieurs gares
Most railway systems experience a growing demand of railway capacity. To face this demand, either new infrastructure must be built or a more efficient exploitation of the existing one must be attained. Timetables play a determinant role in the efficient capacity exploitation. Most timetabling approaches in the literature are based on macroscopic representations of the infrastructure. This may lead to inefficient and in some cases, impractical solutions. Instead, microscopic approaches are based on more realistic modelling of the elements of the railway system. This guarantees the feasibility of the timetables while promoting an efficient capacity exploitation. However, due to their complexity, the scope of microscopic approaches is typically restricted to main stations. Despite the optimization of timetables, the performance of infrastructure maintenance may severely impact the trains' circulations in the network. Therefore, the timetable may have to be rearranged to ensure an efficient capacity exploitation. We present two main contributions in this thesis: first, a microscopic approach for timetable design. Second, a microscopic approach for timetable rearrangement to cope with maintenance. This is the first microscopic approach in the literature to tackle this problem while also considering specific aspects as temporary speed limitations. After a thorough experimental analysis, we demonstrate the validity of our approaches and their practical applicability in real life scenarios. In particular, we show that microscopic approaches can be used to tackle large areas of the infrastructure, including several stations

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Gardes, Thomas. „Reconstruction temporelle des contaminations métalliques et organiques particulaires dans le bassin versant de l'Eure et devenir des sédiments suite à l'arasement d'un barrage. Reconstruction of anthropogenic activities in legacy sediments from the Eure River, a major tributary of the Seine Estuary (France) Flux estimation, temporal trends and source determination of trace metal contamination in a major tributary of the Seine estuary, France Temporal trends, sources, and relationships between sediment characteristics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment cores from the major Seine estuary tributary, France Impacts à court-terme de l’arasement d’un barrage sur la morphologie du cours d’eau et la remobilisation de sédiments contaminés par les métaux traces Bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, PCBs) and trace elements: Influencing factors and determination in a river sediment core“. Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR038.

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L’impact anthropique sur les cours d’eau a significativement augmenté suite à la révolution industrielle engagée par les pays occidentaux. Ainsi, les modifications de la géomorphologie des cours d’eau pour le stockage de l’eau et la navigation, la conversion des surfaces à des fins agricoles, industrielles et d’urbanisation illustrent cette pression environnementale, qui se traduit, en autre, par une augmentation de rejets de divers contaminants dans les compartiments environnementaux et notamment les rivières. Une part de ces rejets peut donc se retrouver dans les matières en suspension, considérées alors comme des puits de stockage, qui transitent dans les rivières. Les aménagements des rivières et notamment la construction de barrages favorisent alors la sédimentation de ces particules contaminées au cours du temps. Ces sédiments d’origines anthropiques, également appelés legacy sediments, sont donc les témoins des activités anthropiques et permettent de reconstruire les trajectoires temporelles des contaminations au sein des bassins versants. L’Eure, affluent majeur de l’estuaire de Seine, a connu d’importantes pressions anthropiques depuis le vingtième siècle. La reconstruction temporelle des pressions anthropiques a nécessité l’association de différentes approches méthodologiques : (i) une analyse diachronique des modifications morphologiques de la rivière a été menée, conjointement à (ii) une analyse de la dynamique sédimentaire et de la nature des dépôts sédimentaires par couplage de méthodes géophysiques, sédimentologiques et géochimiques, et à (iii) la mise en place d’un réseau de suivi du comportement hydro-sédimentaire avec un échantillonnage en continu des matières en suspensions. De profondes modifications géomorphologiques se sont produites en aval du bassin versant, avec pour principales conséquences un exutoire déplacé d’une dizaine de kilomètres en direction d’un barrage et la formation d’annexes hydrauliques favorisant l’accumulation de sédiments dès les années 1940. Ceux-ci ont permis de montrer que le bassin versant de l’Eure avait connu d’importantes contaminations dont les conséquences sont encore enregistrées malgré l’arrêt des activités ou usages. Les tendances temporelles des éléments traces métalliques et métalloïdes ont montré de fortes contaminations en As dans les années 1940 et des contaminations d’origines industrielles en Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag et Cd durant les années 1960–1970, ainsi que des contaminations en Sb et Pb en 1990–2000. Ces dernières sont toujours enregistrées malgré l’arrêt des activités responsables des rejets, comme l’ont attesté les résultats issus des matières en suspension actuellement collectées dans le cours d’eau. A l’instar d’une majorité des métaux traces, les contaminants organiques, tels les HAPs, ont montré d’importantes contaminations durant les années 1940–1960, dont les signatures indiquent une origine majoritairement pyrogénique. Les PCBs ont montré des contaminations importantes lors de la période 1950–1970, en lien avec la production et les usages nationaux de mélanges composés en majorité de congénères faiblement chlorés. Enfin, l’intérêt porté à une troisième famille de contaminants organiques persistants, les pesticides organochlorés, a montré l’utilisation de lindane et du DDT notamment lors de la période 1940–1970, et a mis en avant d’une part une utilisation post-interdiction du lindane et d’autre part la présence d’un métabolite du DDT plusieurs décennies après l’arrêt d’utilisation de ce dernier, en lien avec l’augmentation de l’érosion des sols cultivés
The anthropogenic impact on rivers has significantly increased following the industrial revolutioninitiated by Western countries. Thus, changes in the geomorphology of rivers for water storage andnavigation, the conversion of land for agricultural, industrial and urbanization purposes illustrate thisenvironmental pressure, which results, among other things, in an increase in discharges of variouscontaminants into environmental compartments, particularly rivers. Therefore, part of these dischargescan end up in suspended particulate matter, which is then considered as storage wells, which transit inrivers. River development, particularly the construction of dams, encourages the sedimentation of these contaminated particles over time. These sediments of anthropogenic origin, also called legacy sediments, are therefore witnesses to human activities and make it possible to reconstruct the temporal trajectories of contamination within watersheds. The Eure River, a major tributary of the Seine estuary, has experienced significant anthropogenic pressures since the twentieth century. The temporal reconstruction of anthropogenic pressures has required the combination of different methodological approaches: (i) a diachronic analysis of the morphological modifications of the river was carried out, in conjunction with (ii) an analysis of the sedimentary dynamics and the nature of the sediment deposits by coupling geophysical, sedimentological and geochemical methods, and (iii) the setting up of a network for monitoring the hydro-sedimentary behaviour with continuous sampling of suspended particulate matter. Significant geomorphological changes have occurred in the lower reaches of the watershed, with the main consequences being an outlet moved some ten kilometres in the direction of a dam and the formation of hydraulic annexes favouring the accumulation of sediments as early as the 1940s. These made it possible to show that the Eure River watershed had experienced significant contamination, the consequences of which are still being recorded despite the cessation of activities or uses. The temporal trends of trace metal and metalloid elements showed strong contaminations in As in the 1940s and contaminations of industrial origin in Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag and Cd in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as contaminations in Sb and Pb in 1990–2000. The latter are still recorded despite the cessation of the activities responsible for the discharges, as evidenced by the results from the suspended particulate matter currently collected in the river. Like most trace metals, organic contaminants such as PAHs showed significant contamination during the 1940–1960s, with signatures indicating a predominantly pyrogenic origin. PCBs showed significant contamination during the period 1950–1970, in connection with the production and national uses of mixtures composed mainly of low chlorinated congeners. Finally, interest in a third family of persistent organic contaminants, organochlorine pesticides, showed the use of lindane and DDT, particularly during the 1940–1970 period, and highlighted the post-ban use of lindane and the presence of a metabolite of DDT several decades after the cessation of its use, in connection with the increase in erosion of cultivated soils

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Nogueira, Leila de Mello Yañez. „Estabilidade versus flexibilidade: a dicotomia necessária à inovação na gestão de recursos humanos em uma organização pública, estatal eestratégica como Bio-Manguinhos / Fiocruz“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2500.

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Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009
Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.

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LO, FENG-CHEN, und 羅鳳珍. „A Study of Temporary Curriculum Guidelines of Preschool Activities“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64526397667519588835.

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博士
國立屏東大學
教育行政研究所
103
The Ministry of Education officially announced the Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Activities (TCGPA) in 2012 to promote continuous improvements after preschool assessments and the “Integrated Kindergarten-Nursery School Policy.” Since then the Ministry of Education has gradually promoted and implemented TCGPA for the development of early childhood education. This study investigates the process of practicing thematic activities in TCGPA in preschools, as well as its problems and solutions in practice, through data collection of interview, observation, and analysis on document. Findings show that the process of practicing TCGPA in preschools is formulating annual and semester plans as well as selecting material and plotting courses based on preschoolers’ life experience, adjusting thematic activities according to the development of preschooler’s capability, building learning environment with preschoolers, assessing preschoolers’ learning and teachers’ teaching. Problems of ambiguity occurred when teachers and caregivers practice TCGPA in preschools, including unclearly defined scope of the course, confusion over learning indicator use, inadequate sensibility toward activities in emotional areas, lack of concept for integration courses, pressure from parents, insufficient administrative support, and so on. TCGPA is clarified by teachers and caregivers through reflection, teaching conference, group discussion, or workshop for TCGPA. Throughout the process of practicing TCGPA, the solutions to the problems above are derived from reviewing thematic activities and formulating semester plans, adjusting the mode of activity guide, learning to carry out integrated courses in daily schedule, cross-reviewing teaching assessments and preschoolers’ learning assessments, and parents’ sharing capability of preschoolers. Finally, the researcher reflects on the research process and summarizes the research findings to put forth recommendations for government departments.

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Hsia, Chang-Chun, und 夏昌君. „Preschool Teachers' Attitudes toward the Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Activities“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57640193367092262036.

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碩士
南華大學
幼兒教育學系
103
The main purpose of the study was to discover the preschool teachers’ attitudes toward Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Activities. The research was applied questionnaire survey with self-compiled ‘‘Questionnaire of The Attitudes of Preschool Teachers toward the New Curriculum Guideline’’ as a research instrument. Subjects included 218 teachers from 19 preschools, which adopted the new curriculum guideline in Year 2009, 2010 and 2011, and 218 teachers from 26 preschools which did not in Yunlin county, Chiayi and Tainan area. Four hundred and thirty-six copies of the questionnaires were delivered with three hundred and fifty-five valid copies returned; hence, the effective response rate was around 81.42%. The data was statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, independent sample t-test and PMCC. Here are the results of the study: 1. The participants have the upper level on overall attitude, affection aspect, cognition and motivation. 2. There is no significant difference in the attitude of participants toward the new curriculum guideline among variables of the working seniority, the highest academic qualification in early childhood education, the teacher with the administrative position or not and school location. 3. As for duties, preschool teachers obviously showed better overall attitude, cognition and affection aspect than baby-care assistants. 4. As for age, participants aged 41 to 50 apparently had better overall attitude and motivation than those who were under 30 and in the age of 31 to 40. Participants aged 41 to 50 showed better cognition than those who were under 30. 5. As for whether the participants had attended the new guideline seminar or not, those who attended over 25 hours apparently had better cognition and better overall attitude than those who attended 1-12 hours, 13-24hours and those who had not attended.; those who attend 13-24 hours apparently showed better cognition and better overall attitude than those who attended 1-12 hours and those who had not attended. Those who attended over 25 hours apparently showed better affection aspect than those who attended 1-12 hour, 13-24 hours and those who had not attended. Those who attended 12-24 hours and over 25 hours apparently showed better motivation than those who had not attended and those who attended 1-12 hours. 6. Better overall attitude, cognition, affection aspect and motivation were found in public preschools than in private ones. 7. The preschools that adopted the new guideline apparently showed better overall attitude, cognition, motivation and affection aspect. 8. As for the size of the preschool, the schools having 4 to 6 classes showed better overall attitude and affection aspect than those with 7 to 9 classes. 　　Finally, according to the results and conclusion, some concrete suggestions were provided for teachers, the official educational government and future researchers for further study.

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Chen, Mei-Chuan, und 陳美娟. „The Study for Implementing Temporary Curriculum Guidelines of Preschool Activities Regarding Language in Preschool“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78980063871018602198.

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碩士
國立臺中教育大學
幼兒教育學系碩士班
102
The Study for Implementing Temporary Curriculum Guidelines of Preschool Activities Regarding Language in Preschool Mei-Chuan Chen Abstract This study is to research the development process of temporary curriculum guidelines （hereinafter referred to as the new curriculum guidelines）of preschool activities regarding language and literature area, problems and coping strategies of implementing, then analyze teachers and children’s growth after implementing the new curriculum guidelines. This study adopts qualitative research method. The subjects are 3-4 years old mixed-age young children class in a public preschool. The way of gathering data includes audio/video recording, interview information, teaching pattern review, observation, notes and children’s works. Conclusions of this research are as below: 1. The implementing process of the new curriculum guidelines regarding language and literature area in preschool includes: (1) Preparation stage: participate the course of new curriculum guidelines, insufficient administration support, difficult to explain learning indicators. (2) Starting stage: integrate learning indicators with routine activities, diversified learning activities and Children’s Day activities. (3) Explore stage: review learning indicators and adjust content of curriculum, include whole kindergarten activities in the curriculum. (4) Transformation stage: modify curriculum, let young children and parents organize learning contents. 2. Problems and coping strategies of implementing new curriculum guidelines regarding language and literature area: (1) Insufficient administration support and could not involve whole kindergarten activities – looking for assistant and configure curriculum in advance. (2) When difficult to explain learning indicators, participate studying course, discuss with professor and other teachers. (3) Configure learning zones for matching learning indicators of different age children, to solve learning indicators coping problem of mixed-age class. 3. Teacher’s professional growth after implement new curriculum guidelines regarding language and literature area: (1) change view of curriculum (2) pay attention to young children’s interests. (3) practice curriculum with integrated way. (4) comprehensively consider young children’s learning. (5) professional interaction with coordinated teachers (6) well utilize resources of parents to make curriculum more diversified. 4. Children’s growth after implementing new curriculum guidelines regarding language and literature area: (1) promote the ability of language communication (2) promote the ability of problem solving (3) more sensitive ability of observation (4) like to read (5) promote ability of social communication. Base on conclusions of this research, provide related suggestions to preschool educators, kindergartens, authorities of education and future researchers. Keywords: temporary curriculum guidelines of preschool activities, integrated curriculum, preschool

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Liu, Wen-Ying, und 劉文瑛. „A study on the mixed-age teaching difficulties of the Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Activities for Educators in the Elementary School Affiliated Preschools in Taiwan“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26410394755749815780.

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碩士
國立臺中教育大學
幼兒教育學系碩士在職專班
104
This study aims to explore the current status, the differences, and further the forecast of preschool educators’ distress on mixed-age teaching. Participants are the educators in the Elementary School Affiliated Preschools in Taiwan. Teaching implemented by participants is based on the Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Activities. Methodologically, self-constructed questionnaire was used in this survey. The stratefied random sampling containing 1,018 questionnaires was employed in 355 administrative regions in Taiwan and 815 valid replies were recalled. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple stepwise regression. The findings are as follows: 1. Current status on ”correlation between mixed-age teaching and guidance program of the Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Acitivities” is first, educators’ experience ranging from1 to 3 years comprises the majority; next, mixed ages of the students range from 3 to 6; third, most educators have not taken the course of guidance program of the Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Acitivities whereas most of them have taken the course of “participation seminar for1-1”. As for mixed-age teaching distress, emotional distress ranks the first, followed by cognition, language, aesthetics, body as well as health and social studies. The overall mixed-age teaching distress arrives at “partial disagreement”. 2.Feedback from “the scale of the educators’ overall attitude toward mixed-age teaching” indicates that for preschool educators in the Elementary School Affiliated Preschools, teaching varies significantly with variables including “years of service” , “job title” , “location” , “class size”, “curriculum model”, and “student- educator ratio”. 3. Feedback additionally indicates that teaching varies significantly with variables including “class” , “the guidance program of the Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Acitivities” and “participation seminar for 3-2”. 4. Variables including “years of service” , “job title” , “location”,“preschool size” and “student- educator ratio” have significant predicting effect on the “scale of the overall mixed-age teaching distress.” 5. Background variables including “class” , “the guidance program of the Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Activities”, “participation seminar for 3-2” and “frequency of participation seminar” have significant predicting effect on the “scale of the overall mixed-age teaching distress.” 6. The major teaching difficulty, according to the findings, is “the difference among mixed-age children’s ability”, followed by “the Temporary Curriculum Guideline of Preschool Activities ”, “program design ”, “teacher manpower shortage” and “ student- educator ratio”. According to the study, the results would be able to provide future reference to preschool educators, educational authorities, as well as to future researchers.

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RUAN, XIAOWEN, und 阮曉雯. „Inferring User Activities from Spatial-Temporal Data in Smart Phones“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26132930499273833683.

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碩士
國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
102
With the plenteous location data collected from commodity mobile devices and widespread location-based services, it is possible to infer user activities without continuously monitoring context information from sensors in mobile phones. Note that users take photos, perform check-in behaviors and access WiFi networks in their smart phones. These behaviors generate spatial-temporal data that capture user activities. Thus, in this paper, we only take advantage of the individual spatial-temporal habit and the public opinions of visited places, and build a personalized model to infer user activities. By analyzing these spatial-temporal data in smart phones, there are three types of features used for activity inferences: 1) the geographical feature which captures the daily movement behaviors accompanied with activities; 2) the temporal feature which records the individual routine schedule of activities; 3) the semantic feature which is obtained from location-based social network and stands for the view of the place taking a function once performed by volunteers on behalf of majority. In light of three types of features hidden in spatial-temporal data, we fuse the concerned 3 features together and develop an activity inference framework named Spatial-Temporal Activity Inference Model (STAIM), which could dynamically determine the weights according to users' behavior. By comparing with the state-of-art and other existing works over the real data set, the empirical results elucidate that STAIM is able to infer user activities without collecting more sensing readings from smart phones. Sensitive analysis on parameters is conducted and STAIM could achieve personalized models based on users' behavior.

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LIN, HSIU CHIH, und 林秀治. „The Temporal-Spatial Evolution of Weekend recreation Activities of Hsinchu Residents“. Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70496145120556073738.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
地理學系在職進修碩士班
93
The Temporal-Spatial Evolution of Weekend Recreation Activities of Hsinchu Residents ABSTRACT Applying the leisure and tourism theories, behavioral geography and time geography, this thesis explores the evolution of weekend recreation activities of the residents in Hsinchu area during the last 50 years. It examines, in three stages of allowed vacation length, the changed preference of the people as reflected in different time use patterns and different characteristics of the places visited. Before 1966 when there was only one day off per week, most Hsinchu residents, while still in the midst of agricultural society, limited their outdoor recreation to a few popular scenic spots such as the Municipal Zoo, Grassy Lake, Mountain of Eighteen Peeks, and various local temples where people blended leisure with religious activities. During 1966 – 2000 when one and half day off per week was the standard practice and income augmented, recreation impetus increased. The space of leisure activities expanded to outside of Hsinchu and overnight stay was expected for distant scenery and natural exploration. Tasting fine food, golfing, and bathing in hot-spring became popular. Since 2001 when 40 working hours a week was legislated, especially after the government mandated the two days off for civil servants, the sphere of weekend recreation of Hsinchu residents has further extended to the whole island of Taiwan, with concentration to North and Central regions of course. Some people now even go abroad such as Hong Kong and Macau for a weekend. The principle factors that can be attributed to causing the continuous change of leisure practice of Hsinchu residents include: the increase of time and monetary budget, the developments of scenic spots within reach of the people, and social, economic, and transportation advances in Taiwan. Key words: Hsinchu residents, weekend recreation activities, scenic spots, behavioral geography, time geography

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Yu, Hongbo. „Temporal GIS design of an extended time-geographic framework for physical and virtual activities“. 2005. http://etd.utk.edu/2005/YuHongbo.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2005.
Title from title page screen (viewed on Sep. 13, 2005). Thesis advisor: Shih-Lung Shaw. Document formatted into pages (xi, 159 p. : ill. (some col.)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-158).

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Hsing, Liu, und 劉行. „Statistical physics of human mobility patterns on temporal and spatial activities in Kaohsiung area“. Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22d94a.

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博士
國立高雄師範大學
物理學系
105
Empirical analysis on human mobility has caught extensive attentions due to the accumulated human dynamical data and the advance of data mining technique. But the results of related research still have to further investigate on some issues such as spatial scale. In this study, we explore human mobility in greater Kaohsiung area by using long-term taxicabs’ GPS data from 803 taxicabs, over 28 months. The distance and duration of trip in our dataset exhibits exponential decay for short trips and power-law scaling for long trips. We propose an approach to investigate the possible mechanism of the power-law tail. Moreover, we utilize the method of simulation and random relinking trip path to explain the empirical observation. Our results show that the origin of power-law movement distribution may be largely due to the power-law population distribution. In addition, we studied human mobility using high-resolution movement data from taxi trace in Kaohsiung during and for several days before and after Kaohsiung gas explosions in 2014. We found that the values of center of mass and the radius of gyration of each movements during perturbation states and steady states are positively correlated, suggesting human mobility data obtained in steady states can possibly predict the perturbation state. Our results demonstrate that human movement trajectories experienced significant perturbations during gas explosions, but also exhibited high resilience.

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Yu-LiHsiao und 蕭諭勵. „Evaluating spatial and temporal variations of aerosol optical depth, climate factors, human activities and biomass burning over Southeast Asia using satellite data“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w99veh.

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碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程學系
103
Major cities in Southeast Asia (SEA) are faced with severe air quality problems including dust, smog and haze pollution, which are mainly caused by atmospheric aerosols (smoke) from biomass burning. Technological advances in monitoring atmospheric aerosol and biomass burning have been fostered by a series of new space based satellite instruments and data products. In this study, a variety of satellite product maps of aerosol optical depth (AOD), precipitation, wind, city light, burned area (BA) and active fire were collected and processed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations among atmospheric aerosol, climate factors, human activities and biomass burning in SEA during 2002-2011. Satellite data applied in this study includes: 1) the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived AOD; 2) three MODIS BA products, including the BA derived from vegetation change and land-cover classification (MCD45A1), the BA derived from active-fire (GFED4.0), and the combination of GFED4.0 and BA caused by small-scale fires (GFED4.0s); 3) the MODIS active fire data (MCD14ML); 4) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) surface wind data; 5) the MODIS International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) classes land cover dataset (MCD12Q1); 6) the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation dataset; and 7) the DMSP-OLS nighttime light representing the strength of human activities. All satellite data was converted, visualized, summarized and analyzed using the spatial analyst tool within ESRI ArcGIS® 10.2. To better understand the cause and effect relationships between various causative factors and atmospheric aerosols, the results were organized into five sections. First, the spatial and temporal variations of aerosol optical depth in SEA during 2002 to 2011 were examined. High aerosol areas (HAA) located in the northern and southern intertropical zone are identified, respectively, from the monthly AOD distribution maps. The northern HAA consists of Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia, with the peak AOD months are from November to March. The southern HAA includes Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan, with the peak AOD months are from May to October. Generally, the peak AOD months are consistent with the dry season in each region, which provides evidence that the temporal AOD distribution in SEA is partly related to biomass burning. Second, the recently released BA product (GFED4.0s) shows that Myanmar has the largest annual BA in north intertropical zone, followed by Cambodia, and Thailand. Burned areas in south intertropical zone are mainly distributed in Indonesia. The peak burning months are also consistent with the dry months in each region. Noted that the burning area in the northern intertropical zone is ten times higher than that found in southern intertropical zone. However, the level of annual average AOD in the southern HAA is very similar with that in the northern HAA. It is evidence that biomass burning in peatlands results in a higher emission factor of particulate matter. Third, the correlations between AOD and climate factors were assessed. The level of AOD is generally inversely proportional to precipitation, which is partly related to less biomass burning occurring during the wet seasons. The monthly average wind climatology can partly explain the large scale movement of aerosol plumes in the northern HAA during the burning months (November to next April). For the southern HAA, there is no significant correlation between wind and the spatial distribution of AOD. Fourth, the level of AOD is generally high in urban and metropolitan areas, however, there is no significant temporal correlation between AOD and the strength of human activity. Finally, to seek a quantifiable linkage between AOD and biomass burning, the study area focuses on HAAs only, and different products representing biomass burning are applied. Among the three BA products applied (MCD45A1, GFED4.0, and GFED4.0s), GFED4.0s considers both the BA identified by GFED4.0 and BA caused by small-scale fires, and can better explain the temporal and spatial distributions of AOD in HAAs (R=0.5 and 0.85 for northern and southern HAA, respectively). The correlation between commonly used MCD45A1 BA and AOD is not significant (R=0.25 and 0.58 for north and south HAA, respectively). Compared to other BA or active fire products, it was found that the MCD45A1 BA has the lowest correlation to AOD, and it is suspected that the BA derived from vegetation-change may seriously underestimate the area of burning in SEA. To better quantify the relationship between AOD and biomass burning, this study develops two simple regression models for the estimation of monthly AOD from remotely sensed burning products in HAAs. The regression model developed for northern HAA uses MCD14ML active fire data as the independent variable and obtained a R2 value of 0.57. The model developed for southern HAA uses GFED4.0s BA data as the independent variable and obtained a R2 value of 0.76. Generally, the empirical models can explain well the temporal trends of AOD in HAAs.

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Hsu, Miao-Chih, und 許妙至. „Using data from Voyage Data Recorders (VDR) and fishing catch to explore the spatio-temporal patterns of fishing activities in the water off Penghu Islands“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82681412120996413411.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
100
In the present study, we collected catch records, including the date, fish species, and abundance, from 237 commercial fishing vessels operating in the water of Penghu Taiwan ranging 118-120°E and 22.5-24.2°N during Jan-Dec 2010. These fishing vessels were respectively belonged to gillnet (71), pole and lines boote (13), torched-light net fisheries (37), small-medium trawling fishery (82), and porgy and miscellanous fish long line (34). More accurate and reliable fishing position and time of these vessels were further obtained with the aid of VDR (Voyage Data Recorder) installed in these fishing vessels. All these data along with remote sensing-based SST (Sea Surface Temperature) data were utilized to characterize spatial-temporal distribution of fishing activities in the water of Penghu Taiwan. 　　According to results of the analysis of fishing activity, main targeted fish species varied by different fisheries as follow: Serranidae, Scomberomorus commerson, Dasyatis akajei, Labridae, and Sparidae for porgy and miscellanous fish long line; Clupeidae, Uroteuthis chinensis, Scomber japonicus, Katsuwonus pelamis, and Trachurus japonicus for torched-light net fisheries; Uroteuthis chinensis, miscellanous fish, Psenopsis anomala, Acetes intermedius, and Trichiurus lepturus for small-medium trawling fishery; Sepiidae, Uroteuthis chinensis, Lutjanidae, Drepaneidae, and Sparidae for pole and lines boote fisheries; Scomberomorus commerson, other skipjacks, Katsuwonus pelamis, Small sharks, and Hemiramphidae for gillnet fisheries. 　　Additionally, spatial-temporal distribution of fishing efforts for each fisheries further revealed fishing grounds also varied by different fisheries as follow: the surrounding water of Penghu Taiwan for porgy and miscellanous fish long line; the western and southern part of the water of Penghu Taiwan for torched-light net fisheries; the northern part of the water of Penghu Taiwan for small-medium trawling fisheries; the southwestern part of the water of Penghu Taiwan for gillnet and pole and lines boote fisheries. For each fisheries, fishing grounds are distribution of the the western part of the water of Penghu Taiwan and front area .

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Joaquim, Joana Rita Lopes. „A influência do mau trato e do nível socioeconómico no desenvolvimento psicomotor: o papel moderador das atividades extracurriculares“. Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6333.

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Os números de crianças sinalizadas como estando em situação de risco, nomeadamente, devido às condições familiares, precariedade e abuso aumenta anualmente. Estes dados alertam para o quão importante é intervir ao nível dos contextos de risco, procurando identificar os fatores que minimizam as suas consequências negativas para o desenvolvimento da criança. A literatura defende que o baixo nível socioeconómico e o abuso têm consequências negativas para o desenvolvimento das crianças em diversos sectores. Procurou-se comparar o desenvolvimento psicomotor, através da noção do corpo e da estruturação espaciotemporal, de crianças de nível socioeconómico alto e baixo, assim como vítimas de abuso e grupo de controlo. Pretendeu-se também, no sentido de identificar fatores de proteção, compreender o papel das atividades extracurriculares na relação entre os fatores de risco e o desenvolvimento psicomotor, testando a hipótese de moderação gerada pela participação. Para constituição dos grupos com base no abuso, foi usado o Questionário de Avaliação do Mau Trato, Negligência e Abuso Sexual (Calheiros, 2006), e a Bateria Psicomotora (BPM) (Fonseca, 1985), para avaliação da noção do corpo e da estruturação espaciotemporal. Verificou-se que ambos fatores de risco apresentam consequências ao nível do desenvolvimento psicomotor. As médias da noção do corpo e da estruturação espaciotemporal variaram, tal como era esperado, em função do nível socioeconómico e da ocorrência de abuso. Relativamente às atividades extracurriculares, a moderação não foi verificada para o grupo de abuso, no entanto o grupo de controlo melhorou os valores de estruturação espaciotemporal em função da participação em atividades extracurriculares.
The number of children referred as living in a risk situation, mainly because of family conditions, precariousness and abuse, increases every year. These data alerts for how important is to intervene in those risk contexts, by trying to identify factors that minimize the consequences of those factors for child development. The literature suggests that the low socioeconomic status and child abuse provide negative consequences for child development in several areas. One of the goals was to compare the psychomotor development, through the evaluation of the body percept and the space-temporal structuration, of children with high and low socioeconomic status, as well as children abused and not abused. The other goal was to understand the role of extracurricular activities, in the relation between risk factors and psychomotor development, by testing the moderation hypothesis caused by the participation in activities, and try to identify protective factors. For groups constitution was used the Questionnaire of Evaluation of Maltreatment, Neglect and Sexual Abuse (Calheiros, 2006), and for evaluate the body percept and the space-temporal structuration was used the Psychomotor Battery (Fonseca, 1985). The results showed that both risk factors seem to present consequences at psychomotor development. The mean values of body percept and space-temporal structuration ranged, as expected, according to the socioeconomic status and the presence of abuse. Concerning to extracurricular activities, the moderation was not supported for the abuse group. However, the control group showed better scores of space-temporal structuration, according to the participation in extracurricular activities.

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