Dissertationen zum Thema „Temporal Reliability“

The LOOK is an iOS based iPad app designed to measure viewing time as an estimate of sexual interest. Participants used a 7-point Likert scale to rate 154 images based on sexual attractiveness. The images belonged to 14 differentiated gender and age categories from infants to elderly adults. Before rating each image participants were asked to complete an additional task of locating and touching a small dot found in one of the four corners of the screen. This was included to make sure that participants we attending to each image, and to add another level of information to the results.The purpose of this study was to establish the expected reference group viewing time expected patterns and temporal stability using the LOOK, for nonpedophilic, exclusively heterosexual, college-age males and females. 56 male and 75 female undergraduate students from BYU psychology classes participated. The expected patterns were established and are similar to previously established sexual attraction patterns with slight difference due to the additional categories in the LOOK. The results are broken up into three different sections: dot time (the time from when the image appears to when the dot is touched), rate time (the time from when the dot is touched to when the image is rated), and total time (the combined dot and rate time). Results of the analysis indicate that dot time stability is 96.43% for males and 100% for females. Rate time stability is 64.29% for males, and 73.33% for females. And the total temporal stability is 98.21% for males and 100% for females.

Affinity 2.5 is a computer-based instrument designed to measure sexual interest using viewing time of images depicting fully-clothed males and females of different ages. Participants are asked to rate the sexual attractiveness of the person in the image according to a 15-point scale while their viewing time of each image is surreptitiously monitored. The validity of viewing time as a measure of sexual interest is based on social cognition theory and is established in the review of literature. The number of images comprising Affinity 2.5 represents a 42.9% increase from the previous version of the assessment, Affinity 2.0. The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal stability of scores on Affinity 2.5 for a sample of exclusively heterosexual, nonpedophilic males and females. Viewing time data from 63 males and 84 females were analyzed using a chi-square procedure. Results of this analysis indicate that 86% of responses from the male participants and 88% of responses from the female participants were consistent from time one to time two. As suspected, these percentages represent an increase in reliability over the temporal stability of the shorter Affinity 2.0.

Defining language lateralisation is important to minimise morbidity in patients treated surgically for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers a promising, non-invasive, alternative strategy to the Wada test. Here, fMRI has been used to study healthy controls and patients with TLE in order (i) to define language-related activation patterns and their reproducibility; (ii) to compare lateralisation determined by fMRI with that from the Wada test; and (iii) to explore the usefulness of multiple fMRI language paradigms. 18 healthy controls (12 right-handed and 6 left-handed) and 24 pre-operative TLE patients (19 right-handed: 12 left-TLE, 7 right-TLE; 5 left-handed: 2 right-TLE, 3 left-TLE) were studied using fMRI. Four fMRI language paradigms used: phonetic and semantic fluency, and the naming of living and non-living things. The data for all 4 tasks were acquired during a single scanning session on two occasions. All patients also underwent Wada testing. In patients and controls, phonetic and semantic fluency tasks were robustly activating and strongly lateralising. Quantified language-related lateralisation from fMRI verbal fluency data was highly reproducible and concordant with the lateralisation of the Wada test. Both fluency tasks identified patients with atypical language lateralisation, including 4/12 right-handed patients with left-TLE and 4/5 left-handed TLE patients, regardless of the side of epileptic focus. In comparison, the two confrontational naming tasks were not strongly lateralising and did not reliably agree with Wada lateralisation in either 12 right-handed controls or 19 right-handed patients with TLE. However, there was a difference in the pattern of fMRI activation in right-handed pat ients with left-TLE. Left-TLE patients had a more right lateralised network of activation when naming living things relative to non-living things, suggesting that some patients may be at risk of a category specific naming decline for non-living things after left anterior temporal lobectomy. These results demonstrate that non-invasive fMRI measures of languagerelated lateralisation may provide a practical and reliable alternative to invasive testing for pre-surgical language lateralisation in patients with TLE. The high proportion of TLE patients showing atypical language lateralisation suggests considerable plasticity of language representation in the brains of patients with intractable TLE.

Neste estudo, avaliamos a estabilidade temporal de 59 variáveis principais do Sistema Compreensivo do Rorschach (SCR). Nossa amostra foi composta por 32 adultos nãopacientes da cidade de São Paulo, participantes voluntários. Eles poderiam receber os resultados da avaliação após a coleta dos dados. Predominaram mulheres (75%), indivíduos solteiros (50%), das classes A (41%) e B (41%), com idades de 19 a 58 anos e média de 13 anos de instrução. Vinte e cinco participantes (78%) eram funcionários da universidade onde se realizou a pesquisa, dois (6%) eram alunos e cinco (16%) eram conhecidos dos funcionários. Utilizamos um delineamento de teste-reteste com intervalo de 3 a 4 meses ente as testagens. Os protocolos foram coletados e codificados pelo autor da pesquisa. Um segundo avaliador codificou, de modo independente, 10 protocolos do teste e 10 protocolos do reteste, sorteados. A fidedignidade inter-codificadores foi substancial (iota > 0,60) para a maioria das variáveis. A média das correlações de teste-reteste para as 59 variáveis centrais do SCR foi r = 0,61, o que corresponde a um nível moderado de estabilidade temporal. Investigamos também a direcionalidade das proporções e a consistência das categorias interpretativas. Entre 44% e 70% dos participantes permaneceu na mesma categoria interpretativa no teste e no reteste. Os resultados de estabilidade temporal encontrados foram menores do que os das pesquisas originais do SCR, mas semelhantes aos de um estudo francês recente. A estabilidade das constelações foi alta, com pelo menos 88% dos participantes mantendo o mesmo status negativo ou positivo no teste e no reteste. Fatores como a restrição de faixa de valores e assimetria não parecem explicar a menor estabilidade temporal encontrada na nossa amostra, mas a distribuição dos valores das variáveis, incluindo a maior freqüência de participantes com escores iguais a zero e a presença de escores extremos, pode ter contribuído. Na nossa amostra, o nível de engajamento na tarefa aparentemente foi semelhante ao da amostra normativa da cidade de São Paulo, mas menor do que nas pesquisas originais do SCR. O menor engajamento na tarefa pode ter contribuído para a menor estabilidade temporal encontrada. Fatores relacionados à situação de testagem também parecem ter desempenhado importante papel nos resultados. Os usuários brasileiros devem ter cuidado ao interpretar os resultados obtidos com o SCR, principalmente frente a protocolos com baixo nível de engajamento na tarefa (identificados por R baixo e Lambda alto). Mais pesquisas brasileiras com o SCR são necessárias, inclusive para investigar procedimentos que promovam maior engajamento na tarefa, e que assim possam contribuir para uma maior fidedignidade e validade dos resultados obtidos.
We have evaluated the temporal stability of 59 Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS) core variables. Our sample was composed of 32 nonpatients adults from the city of São Paulo, who volunteered to participate. They could have access to assessment results after the data collection. Participants were predominantly women (75%), single individuals (50%), from socioeconomic classes A (41%) and B (41%), with ages from 19 to 58 and 13 years of education on average. Twenty-five participants (78%) were employees from the university where the research was accomplished, two (6%) were students at the university and five (16%) were acquaintances of the employees. We used a test-retest design with a 3 to 4 months retest interval. All records were collected and codified by the author. A second rater independently coded 10 records from test and 10 records from retest, randomly selected. Interrater reliability was substantial (iota > .60) for most RCS variables. The mean test-retest correlation for the 59 core variables was r = .61, which indicates a moderate level of temporal stability. We also investigated directionality of proportions and categorical consistency. Between 44% and 70% of the participants were in the same interpretive category on test and retest. These results were lower than the original RCS research, but similar to the findings of a recent French study. Temporal stability for constellations was high, with at least 88% of the participants keeping the same negative or positive status on test and retest. Range restriction and skewness did not seem to explain the lower stability found in our sample, but the distributions of values for some variables, with a high frequency of participants with scores of zero and outliers, may have contributed. Task engagement in our sample apparently was similar to that found for the normative sample of adults from São Paulo, but lower than in the original RCS research. Lower task engagement may have contributed to the lower temporal stability. Factors of the testing situation seem to have played an important role in the results also. Brazilian users should take care in interpreting RCS results, mainly when task engagement is low (indicated by low R and high Lambda). More research with RCS in Brazil is needed, also to investigate procedures for obtaining higher task engagement, which may contribute to higher reliability and validity of test results.

This dissertation aims to develop methods for statistical predictions based on various types of data from different areas. We focus on applications from reliability and spatial epidemiology. Chapter 1 gives a general introduction of statistical predictions. Chapters 2 and 3 investigate the photodegradation of an organic coating, which is mainly caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation but also affected by environmental factors, including temperature and humidity. In Chapter 2, we identify a physically motivated nonlinear mixed-effects model, including the effects of environmental variables, to describe the degradation path. Unit-to-unit variabilities are modeled as random effects. The maximum likelihood approach is used to estimate parameters based on the accelerated test data from laboratory. The developed model is then extended to allow for time-varying covariates and is used to predict outdoor degradation where the explanatory variables are time-varying. Chapter 3 introduces a class of models for analyzing degradation data with dynamic covariate information. We use a general path model with random effects to describe the degradation paths and a vector time series model to describe the covariate process. Shape restricted splines are used to estimate the effects of dynamic covariates on the degradation process. The unknown parameters of these models are estimated by using the maximum likelihood method. Algorithms for computing the estimated lifetime distribution are also described. The proposed methods are applied to predict the photodegradation path of an organic coating in a complicated dynamic environment. Chapter 4 investigates the Lyme disease emergency in Virginia at census tract level. Based on areal (census tract level) count data of Lyme disease cases in Virginia from 1998 to 2011, we analyze the spatial patterns of the disease using statistical smoothing techniques. We also use the space and space-time scan statistics to reveal the presence of clusters in the spatial and spatial/temporal distribution of Lyme disease. Chapter 5 builds a predictive model for Lyme disease based on historical data and environmental/demographical information of each census tract. We propose a Divide-Recombine method to take advantage of parallel computing. We compare prediction results through simulation studies, which show our method can provide comparable fitting and predicting accuracy but can achieve much more computational efficiency. We also apply the proposed method to analyze Virginia Lyme disease spatio-temporal data. Our method makes large-scale spatio-temporal predictions possible. Chapter 6 gives a general review on the contributions of this dissertation, and discusses directions for future research.
Ph. D.

Les étapes de rédaction du cahier des charges et de spécification sont cruciales pour la sûreté de fonctionnement des systèmes automatises de production. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons une méthode permettant de couvrir les phases allant de la vérification du cahier des charges à la validation des spécifications. En particulier, l'approche que nous proposons pour la vérification et la validation formelles de spécifications de systèmes logiques à événements discrets repose sur une formalisation algébrique du cahier des charges et du grafcet de spécification. Nous utilisons un modèle algébrique base sur les corps finis (ou de Galois) d'ordre 2 et une modélisation du temps continu a dates discrètes. La combinaison de ces deux modélisations forme un modèle algébrique temporel (la théorie du signal hyperfini ou tsh) propre à représenter les systèmes logiques à événements discrets. La vérification du cahier des charges exprime en langage naturel commence par une étape d'expression du cahier des charges en logique temporelle pctl#*, suivie d'une traduction de cette formulation en équations différentielles en tsh. Elle se termine par la détection à partir de cette expression algébrique d'éventuelles incohérences ou redondances du cahier des charges. Nous proposons une méthode de vérification formelle de grafcets en 5 étapes : vérification syntaxique du grafcet, écriture du grafcet de spécification en équations différentielles en tsh, déduction de propriétés dynamiques de la structure du grafcet, simplification des équations d'évolution du grafcet de spécification à partir de ces propriétés, vérification des équations représentant le grafcet de spécification. Enfin, pour valider le grafcet, nous utilisons les représentations du cahier des charges et des évolutions du grafcet sous forme d'équations différentielles en tsh et validons les spécifications en grafcet par comparaison des équations du grafcet et de celles du cahier des charges. Nous concluons sur les applications et perspectives de la méthode.

L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer à des constructeurs des commances de machines à logique programmée une architecture redondante ayant un bon niveau de sécurité et présentant un coût de développement et de réalisation du même ordre de grandeur que ceux réalisés actuellement en logique électromécanique

Yes
Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a powerful technique that is widely used for evaluating system safety and reliability. It can be used to assess the effects of combinations of failures on system behaviour but is unable to capture sequence dependent dynamic behaviour. A number of extensions to fault trees have been proposed to overcome this limitation. Pandora, one such extension, introduces temporal gates and temporal laws to allow dynamic analysis of temporal fault trees (TFTs). It can be easily integrated in model-based design and analysis techniques. The quantitative evaluation of failure probability in Pandora TFTs is performed using exact probabilistic data about component failures. However, exact data can often be difficult to obtain. In this paper, we propose a method that combines expert elicitation and fuzzy set theory with Pandora TFTs to enable dynamic analysis of complex systems with limited or absent exact quantitative data. This gives Pandora the ability to perform quantitative analysis under uncertainty, which increases further its potential utility in the emerging field of model-based design and dependability analysis. The method has been demonstrated by applying it to a fault tolerant fuel distribution system of a ship, and the results are compared with the results obtained by other existing techniques.

In this dissertation, we develop a novel methodology for characterizing and simulating nonstationary, full-field, stochastic turbulent wind fields.

In this new method, nonstationarity is characterized and modeled via temporal coherence, which is quantified in the discrete frequency domain by probability distributions of the differences in phase between adjacent Fourier components.

The empirical distributions of the phase differences can also be extracted from measured data, and the resulting temporal coherence parameters can quantify the occurrence of nonstationarity in empirical wind data.

This dissertation (1) implements temporal coherence in a desktop turbulence simulator, (2) calibrates empirical temporal coherence models for four wind datasets, and (3) quantifies the increase in lifetime wind turbine loads caused by temporal coherence.

The four wind datasets were intentionally chosen from locations around the world so that they had significantly different ambient atmospheric conditions.

The prevalence of temporal coherence and its relationship to other standard wind parameters was modeled through empirical joint distributions (EJDs), which involved fitting marginal distributions and calculating correlations.

EJDs have the added benefit of being able to generate samples of wind parameters that reflect the characteristics of a particular site.

Lastly, to characterize the effect of temporal coherence on design loads, we created four models in the open-source wind turbine simulator FAST based on the \windpact turbines, fit response surfaces to them, and used the response surfaces to calculate lifetime turbine responses to wind fields simulated with and without temporal coherence.

The training data for the response surfaces was generated from exhaustive FAST simulations that were run on the high-performance computing (HPC) facilities at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

This process was repeated for wind field parameters drawn from the empirical distributions and for wind samples drawn using the recommended procedure in the wind turbine design standard \iec.

The effect of temporal coherence was calculated as a percent increase in the lifetime load over the base value with no temporal coherence.

Dissertation

Yes
Temporal fault trees (TFTs), an extension of classical Boolean fault trees, can model time-dependent failure behaviour of dynamic systems. The methodologies used for quantitative analysis of TFTs include algebraic solutions, Petri nets (PN), and Bayesian networks (BN). In these approaches, precise failure data of components are usually used to calculate the probability of the top event of a TFT. However, it can be problematic to obtain these precise data due to the imprecise and incomplete information about the components of a system. In this paper, we propose a framework that combines intuitionistic fuzzy set theory and expert elicitation to enable quantitative analysis of TFTs of dynamic systems with uncertain data. Experts’ opinions are taken into account to compute the failure probability of the basic events of the TFT as intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Subsequently, for the algebraic approach, the intuitionistic fuzzy operators for the logic gates of TFT are defined to quantify the TFT. On the other hand, for the quantification of TFTs via PN and BN-based approaches, the intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are defuzzified to be used in these approaches. As a result, the framework can be used with all the currently available TFT analysis approaches. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is illustrated via application to a practical system and through a comparison of the results of each approach.
This work was supported in part by the Mobile IOT: Location Aware project (grant no. MMUE/180025) and Indoor Internet of Things (IOT) Tracking Algorithm Development based on Radio Signal Characterisation project (grant no. FRGS/1/2018/TK08/MMU/02/1). This research also received partial support from DEIS H2020 project (grant no. 732242).

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
A elevada prevalência de necessidades de saúde mental dos jovens inseridos no sistema de justiça juvenil realça a importância de instrumentos de rastreio psicológico que possam ser utilizados para identificar os casos que necessitem de avaliações mais rigorosas ou intervenção imediata. Neste âmbito, o presente estudo pretende dar continuidade ao programa de validação do Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument – Version 2 (MAYSI-2) numa amostra de adolescentes institucionalizados em Centro Educativo a cumprir Medida Cautelar de Guarda e Medida Tutelar de Internamento. Esta investigação incluiu 45 jovens do Centro Educativo dos Olivais e do Centro Educativo Navarro Paiva, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 18 anos, que responderam a um protocolo constituído pelo MAYSI-2 e pelo Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos (BSI) num primeiro momento e, um mês depois, novamente pelo MAYSI-2.Foi comprovada a elevada necessidade de cuidados de saúde mental que estes jovens apresentam. Os dados encontrados relativos à estabilidade temporal teste-reteste dos resultados no MAYSI-2 não são aceitáveis do ponto de vista psicométrico. Igualmente problemáticos são os dados relativos à consistência interna de algumas escalas do MAYSI-2. No que diz respeito à validade concorrente, foram identificadas relações estatisticamente significativas, entre moderadas e fortes, entre constructos avaliados pelo MAYSI-2 e pelo BSI.Assim, é possível afirmar a utilidade geral deste instrumento de rastreio em instituições de justiça juvenil de forma a priorizar os casos mais urgentes ao nível da prestação de cuidados de saúde mental mas é necessária mais investigação no âmbito da estabilidade temporal das pontuações.
The high prevalence of young people's mental health needs in the juvenile justice system highlights the importance of psychological screening tools that can be used to identify cases that require more rigorous evaluations or immediate intervention. In this context, the present study intends to give continuity to the validation program of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument - Version 2 (MAYSI-2) with a sample of adolescents institutionalized in Educational Center to fulfill a precautionary measure of custody and Tutelary Measure of Internment. This study included 45 young people from the Olivais Educational Center and the Navarro Paiva Educational Center, aged between 14 and 18 years, who responded a first time to a protocol consisting of MAYSI-2 and the Inventory of Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI) and, one month later, by MAYSI-2 again.The high need for mental health care that these boys presented has been proved. The obtained data regarding test retest reliability of the MAYSI-2 results is not acceptable in a psychometric point of view. Similarly problematic are data regarding the internal consistency of some of the MAYSI-2 scales. Concerning concurrent validity, it has been identified significant moderate to strong relationships among the constructs assessed by MAYSI-2 and BSI.Thus, it is possible to claim to the general usefulness of this screening instrument in juvenile justice institutions in order to prioritize the most urgent cases at the level of mental health care, but more research is needed about the temporal stability of the MAYSI-2 scores.

O presente estudo, com natureza exploratória, tem como objetivo estudar a fiabilidade interna e temporal do Inventário Comportamental de Avaliação das Funções Executivas – versão para pais (ICAFE – P), traduzido para a população portuguesa, com base no Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). É um instrumento utilizado para avaliar as funções executivas em crianças entre os 5 e os 18 anos, surgindo no sentido de colmatar limitações atribuídas a outros testes que não evidenciam a visão ecológica do desenvolvimento. É ainda objetivo deste estudo perceber a perceção dos pais face ao perfil do funcionamento executivo dos seus filhos. O questionário foi aplicado aos pais de 301 crianças (n=301) com idades compreendidas entre os 5 - 11 anos e que se encontram a frequentar as valências de pré-escolar ou 1º ciclo. O mesmo foi preenchido online, após cada participante ter cedido o seu correio eletrónico. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o instrumento em estudo parece revelar boas medidas de fiabilidade. Constatou-se bons indicadores de consistência de medida para o Índice de Regulação do Comportamento, Índice de Metacognição e Composto Executivo Global. Forte fiabilidade temporal para o tempo estabelecido entre o teste e reteste. Quanto ao perfil de desenvolvimento das funções executivas revelam-se diferenças significativas entre género e idade em algumas das subescalas que compõem o instrumento colocando-se questões no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento e trajetórias dos diferentes componentes das funções executivas.
The present study, with exploratory nature, aims to analyse internal and temporal reliability of the Behavioral Inventory for the Assessment of Executive Functions – parents’ version (ICAFE – P) (Rodrigues, Leitão, Ernst, Correia and Maia, 2015) regarding the Portuguese population and based on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) (Gioia et al., 2000). It is a tool used to assess the executive functions in children and youngsters aged 5-18 in order to overcome the main limitations ascribed to other tests that do not consider the ecological perspective of development. The questionnaire was applied to parents of 301 children (n=301) between 5 and 11 years old which attend pre-school or elementary schools. The same was completed online, after each participant has given up their electronic mail. Results showed that the instrument presents good reliability measures. Good consistency of measurement indicators were found for the Behavioral Regulation Index, Metacognition Index and Global Executive Composite. Strong temporal reliability for the time established between the test and retest. The profile of the development of executive functions reveals significant differences between gender and age in some of the subscales that set up the instrument by asking questions regarding the development and trajectories of the different components of executive functions.

Yes
Dynamic systems exhibit time-dependent behaviours and complex functional dependencies amongst their components. Therefore, to capture the full system failure behaviour, it is not enough to simply determine the consequences of different combinations of failure events: it is also necessary to understand the order in which they fail. Pandora temporal fault trees (TFTs) increase the expressive power of fault trees and allow modelling of sequence-dependent failure behaviour of systems. However, like classical fault tree analysis, TFT analysis requires a lot of manual effort, which makes it time consuming and expensive. This in turn makes it less viable for use in modern, iterated system design processes, which requires a quicker turnaround and consistency across evolutions. In this paper, we propose for a model-based analysis of temporal fault trees via HiP-HOPS, which is a state-of-the-art model-based dependability analysis method supported by tools that largely automate analysis and optimisation of systems. The proposal extends HiP-HOPS with Pandora, Petri Nets and Bayesian Networks and results to dynamic dependability analysis that is more readily integrated into modern design processes. The effectiveness is demonstrated via application to an aircraft fuel distribution system.
Partly funded by the DEIS H2020 project (Grant Agreement 732242).

博士
國立雲林科技大學
工程科技研究所
106
The importance of dismantling contemporary construction after finishing the construction often is neglected by the builder. Above all the collapse cases happened in the construction sector, the severest one is that heavy casualties caused by the collapse of the Falsework. Besides, in order to cooperate with Urban Renewal, it is common that accidents caused by exterior walls renovation project scaffolding collapse. It bring about not only the constructors casualties problems but also passengers. Now the design of contemporary construction in Taiwan, we often use ASD of Elastic Analysis in Steel structure design. This kind of method only considers the safety factors of the structure which cannot evaluate the shoring structure load capacities which is close to the reality of LRFD. This research is based on the Reliability-Based Design, building falsework on load factors and the strength reduction factor to replace the「ASD」in Safety Factor ,to provide the design of the falsework. Nowadays, the rule of the steel structure design in the developed countries, such as Europe or the U.S. A. is that they should use second-order analysis. We can directly simulate the structure after loading dynamic behaviors, which can evaluate the load capacities or failure model correctly. This study discuss about dynamic behaviors of compound falsework. We take second-order analysis and full-size compound falsework indoor and outdoor structure load test in order to prove the accuracy of the second-order analysis. Moreover, the study focus on the second-order analysis used in the outer wall fixing scaffolding, at the same time, to confirm the reasons of collapse and failure model. According to the results of the research, setting jack base under the scaffolding can rise the load-bearing capacity of the scaffolding. It won’t have much effect if setting the upper U base. The load-bearing capacity in combined scaffolds only reaches half lead-bearing capacity with the same height of only one kind scaffolding. The load-bearing capacity of the scaffolding will rise complying with the number of the scaffolding, not with the multiple of the scaffolding. According to the experiment of outdoor combined setup, it can achieve the lateral bracing reinforcement effect without supporting capacity on the top. Using the Second-order Analysis to simulate the combined setup, we can get the destroyed mode which is much more accurate and close to the reality. It can also be beneficial to rising the supporting system of the safety assessment. The foot pedal of the scaffolding of out wall can restrain the scaffolding to become deformed, and at the same time, rise the load-bearing capacity of the unilateral cross-bar. It made no difference with bilateral cross-bar. It should take notice that scaffolding built at the entrance destroy the cross-bar. When the lateral force of scaffolding of out wall renovation project is getting stronger, the structure of the scaffolding gets lower. According to this research, we can use the axial-force and bending moment relation chart as reference when designing scaffolding of the renovation project.