Dissertationen zum Thema „Technologies de l'information et de la communication – Travail“
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Poirier, Catherine. „Technologies de l'information et de la communication et nouveaux modes de travail : le cas du télétravail“. Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe central features of telework involve the use of telecommunications, advanced information technologies and the performance of work at an other location than traditional work place. The central question here is to establish the economic consequences induced by distant work for the firm and the social impact on workers. We have studied impacts of telework on the labour relation analysis to emphasis the main opportunities and problems which can occur. We have established a typology of organisational structures to focus the type of firms integrated telework. The main problem is concerning social links between workers and firms, hardly sustainable
LEMARIE, YVES. „Contribution des technologies de l'information a l'exercice des activites manageriales“. Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT4001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAttias, Mimoun. „Technologies du savoir et de l'information : effets et impact sur la division internationale du travail“. Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is basically aiming at understanding the economic stakes conveyed by the merging between informatics and telecommunications made possible by the rapid development of information technology. It comprises two parts. The first one is devoted to the examination of the information concept and its economic nature. Furthermore it intends to be a critical appraisal of the so called information economy but tries also to provide a comprehensive approach of the recent development of information technology within the framework of advanced capitalism. As far as the second part is encored, it enters the topic of transborder data flows focusing mainly on their economic dimension. They are viewed in relationship with the word economy market by the predominance of transnational economic systems. A particular attention is deserved to the use of telematics network by transnational companies. We also stress the existence of new markets and products generated by the penetration of data processing systems with the world economy. A final stage studies the impact of international data transmission of developing economies and discusses briefly the computerization of the Third world
Makhlouf, Kinda. „L'impact des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) sur les conditions de travail bancaire“. Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAML004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt first glance, working conditions of employees French appear to be favourable. The banking sector is particularly preferred and may be cited as an example. However, in reality, the situation of the banking sector is less idyllic. If the job bank has changed since a recent period, it has also intensified and accelerated. In this context, two effects of the implementation of ICT can be distinguished. The first conduit to an improvement in productive behavior and provides a necessary stability for better use of skills and existing resources, the second appears to be associated an increase in the arduousness and workload mental. How to ensure perennial performance of these institutions face both the development of ICT and research skills. How today is the question of working conditions facing the implementation of ICT? These are adapted to the constraints of employees? What deviees of human resources put in place to accompany these changes in work and avoid suffering at work? These are the questions we are interested. The first part of this research aims to clarify a theoretical reference to reflect on what today represents (ICT), and the concept of working conditions, and the links between the two. The second part aims to analyze the representations of employees Compared with the last point. Our goal is to understand the real impacts of technologies on the working conditions of employees in the banking sector. The conceptual framework used was deepened with Empirical research conducted on many of the branches of banks. A comprehensive approach, focusing on the study of a inquiry interviews and based on an abductive research, allowed us to deepen our knowledge. The empirical results reveal that while ICT has modernized and improved the banking operations and the services provided to customers. Is indeed at the detriment of intensification of work, and an increase in workload and a deteriorating and a deterioration of working conditions. These results can provide to human resources a broader and deeper knowledge of the new working environment in which employees are now faced
Bergia, Catriona. „Validation et mise en oeuvre de l'application REPERE un travail d'équipe /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessride/rsbergia.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRosanvallon, Jérémie. „Le travail de coordination à distance : éclatement des collectifs de travail et transformations du travail collectif“. Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0358.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePigeon, Maxime. „Le droit du travail à l'épreuve des nouvelles technologies“. Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Fellah Reda. „Les interactions entre Internet, les nouvelles technologies de communication et d'nformation et la problématique du développement“. Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMellet, Kevin. „Les marchés numériques du travail : l'émergence de nouvelles technologies de coordination“. Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090298.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEn premier lieu, nous nous interrogeons sur la capacité de l'internet à réduire les frictions sur le marché du travail. D'un point de vue théorique, la baisse des coûts de recherche devrait se traduire par une amélioration du mécanisme global d'appariement ; cependant, les tests empiriques ne confirment pas ces prédictions. Ce résultat nous conduit à focaliser notre attention sur les intermédiaires du marché du travail positionnés sur l'internet. Nous nous intéressons à l'interaction stratégique des intermédiaires, dans une perspective d'économie industrielle. Nous montrons que les externalités de réseau et l'incertitude qualitative, qui jouent un rôle déterminant dans la structuration des marchés numériques du travail, engendrent des frictions.
Il convient, dans un deuxième temps, de considérer la façon dont les technologies de coordination construites par les intermédiaires contribuent à réduire l'incertitude à laquelle font face les agents. Nous nous appuyons sur l'analyse statistique d'un échantillon de requêtes effectuées sur un moteur de recherche d'offres d'emploi pour montrer que l'internet permet d'améliorer le niveau d'information des agents, à condition que cette information soit structurée. Or, les technologies de coordination, qui permettent de structurer l'information pour la rendre exploitable, ne sont pas ‘neutres' car elles incorporent des modes de qualification du travail. Ce questionnement est approfondi, en lien avec les institutions du marché du travail. Nous développons un cadre d'analyse de la pluralité des formes d'intermédiation numérique en explorant les investissements nécessaires pour établir et stabiliser une technologie de coordination.
Bibalou-Bagere, Bertille. „Effets des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication sur la transformation des activités, missions et fonctions des cadres“. Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Hir Boris. „Capturing Information and Communication Technologies as a General Purpose Technology“. Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECAP0046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to study Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a General Purpose Technology (GPT) and their role in the labor productivity evolution in the United States and Europe during recent decades. This thesis is organized in three parts corresponding to the fundamental GPT features: the wide possibilities for development, the ubiquity of the technology and the ability to create large technological opportunities. The first part depicts, at first, the innovation in ICT, beginning with a short historical review of ICT inventions followed by the analysis of current data on innovation in this field. In particular, it shows how the US was better than the European countries in inventing ICT until now. Second, this first part makes an inventory of measurement difficulties due to the rate and the nature of the change created by such technologies. The second part of the thesis deals with the ubiquitous nature of ICT. It first describes the ICT diffusion across countries and industries and reviews the economic literature on the direct contribution of ICT on labor productivity growth in the US and Europe. The next chapter studies the factor demand's behaviour in sectors that are either ICT producers or ICT intensive users. The third part focuses on the ICT ability to create opportunities for complementarity innovations. Firstly, it identifies the nature of ICT complementary innovations and the corresponding efforts. It shows, then, that national accounts must be improved in order to take these efforts into account as investments. Secondly, this part shows that, among the eleven European countries studied, the problem is highly concentrated in a few countries that invest less both in ICT and in innovative assets and that these two types of effort are complementary
Ghazzawi, Khalil Ali. „Le rôle des nouvelles technologies d'information et de communication dans le développement du travail administratif au niveau local“. Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLinet, Teddy Philippe Henri Jean. „Modélisation d'un environnement numérique de travail pour le 3e cycle en gynécologie obstétrique“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPElinet.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTouriki, Fatima Ezahra. „Les technologies de l'information et de la communication : outils d'amélioration de la collaboration au sein d'une communauté de pratique gérontologique“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has become impossible to circumvent as tools. This research work realises a preliminary study for the definition of basic how ledge necessary for the success of a project of a local development concerning the introduction of these tools in a social environment. A general presentation of the social security system for old people is realized putting in evidence the importance of the management of the flow of information and the necessity of facilitating access to rights by the bias of technological tools. Also, theoretical aspects were developed to allow the future users well understand the notions of collaborative working platform, the need of creation of contents with strong added value and the importance of an organizational network. For methodological reasons we were brought to realize an inquiry on the current use of the ICT by the community of gerontologic practice before that they involved themselves to this investment. Therefore cultural and organizational variables must be necessarily taken into account for the success of the project. This research work allows to propose strategies of development and program of actions directed on training activities and sensitization of the professional actors. With in view of preparing them for the opening of the changes of the context and to the emergence of a new culture based on information and knowledge sharing and networking
Guetat, Sana. „L'évaluation du succès perçu par l'utilisateur des technologies de l'information dans la mission d'audit : application à un dossier de travail électronique dans un cabinet d'audit international“. Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the emergence of information technologies and the development of computer-assisted audit techniques, new opportunities are open to audit professionals, among them the introduction of electronic work systems in audit firms. This technology, necessary for compliance with regulatory standards as well as with those of the firm, has very quickly become a solution to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the audit engagement. This finding leads us, in this research, to address the question of the determinants of the acceptance and the success of this technology in audit firms. To answer this question, through a review of literature concerning, firstly, the different types of modelling of the acceptance of information technologies and, secondly, the models for the assessment of the success of the technologies, it has been possible to develop a model for research into the success generated by the implementation of electronic work systems in the audit engagement. This model, established according to a systematic approach based on three levels of analysis, formalises the direct and indirect relations that exist between the determinants of acceptance, the beliefs, and the acceptance evidenced by the satisfaction of the auditor and the success of this technology in the audit engagement. The empirical validation process was implemented at three offices (Lyon, Tunis and Casablanca) of one of the Big Four international audit firms. The results of the empirical study, obtained through the participation of 113 auditors and users of electronic work systems developed by this firm, globally validate the conceptual model used in the research. They confirm the predominance of experience reflecting the practices in the use of this technology; then that of the perceived usefulness reflecting the perception of the performance enhancement achieved by using the tool; and lastly that of user satisfaction as a determinant of the success of this technology in the audit engagement. Finally, the results of this research make it possible, at a theoretical level, to enrich the debate on the acceptance and success of information technologies, and from a practical and managerial standpoint, provide auditors with a means of analysing the success of electronic work systems in their firms
Probst, Audrey. „Le droit du travail à l'épreuve du télétravail au domicile“. Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVenin, Thierry. „Techniques de l'information et de la communication et risques psychosociaux sur le poste de travail tertiaire“. Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU1004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePsychosocial risks are recognized as one of the major problems of the contemporary professional world and the European social dialogue has took on the fight against the first of them, the pandemic of work-related stress, as a priority. In this context the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) that innervates companies as well as society and psychosocial risks is not formally established. One continues to consider worker on one side and tools on the other side as if they were mere passive instruments to support men at work, as if it was necessary and sufficient to be formed in the instruction for their use. A national statistical survey, focus groups, qualitative interviews and participant observations show that the lack of awareness of the digital ecosystem of tertiary workplaces has resulted in ignorance of the adverse effects that are as powerful as many. This gap leads to widespread control deficiencies in workers and professional organizations
Inagnibomoua, Kader Kane. „L'essor des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication au Gabon : quelles incidences perçues sur l'organisation du travail et la santé des employés?“ Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral thesis aims to assess the consequences of the integration of the new information technology and communication media (NITC) on the workforce in Gabon, concerning both the organisational field and the field of workforce health. More precisely, the objective of the current thesis focuses on three aspects. The first aspect concerns the factors which are bound to facilitate the use of NITC by the employees. The second aspect assesses the changes triggered by the use of NITC in the organisation of the employees’ work. Last but not least, the last aspect assesses the impact of NITC on the physical and psychological health of the employees. A questionnaire was applied on a sample of 136 employees who worked in the banking system in Gabon. The designed tool is structured in four parts: (A) an identification part comprising the socio-demographic variables (age, sex, marital status) and the socio-organisational ones (seniority, daily length of use and frequency of use of the NITC); (B) the Brangier and Hammes scale (2007), which measures the relation man-work-organisation starting from the model of symbiosis; (C) a 30-item questionnaire designed according to the research needs, based on the analysis of the categorial-thematic content of the discourses provided by employees in Gabon while describing their daily work routine. It focuses on the influence of NITC on the organisation of work (efficiency in work, communication practises, autonomy, information overload and professional isolation); (D) a questionnaire built in the same manner as the previous one, exploring the perceived connections between NITC and health at the workplace (physical issues, professional stress and professional well-being at work). Globally, the obtained results show that the connections that the employees in Gabon have with the NITC are strongly correlated with the way in which they use them. However, they do not indicate any connection between the use of NITC inside the organisations in Gabon and the organisation of work. Moreover, these results show that on the one hand the NITC are perceived as the source of physical health issues (particularly musculoskeletal issues) and psychological issues (particularly professional stress), but on the other hand they are also perceived as causing a certain psychological well-being (particularly when it comes to the working environment and the involvement in work/self-accomplishment). Finally, our work highlights two mediations: the sharing technologies (vs. assistive technologies) constitute a total mediator of the relation between the perception of the symbiosis between man-work-organisation and the perceived occurrence of the TMS (vs. depression). Our research also has an applicative dimension on short-term, but it opens the gate towards future research patterns aiming to improve the integration and development of NITC in Gabon on mid-term
Valiere, Nathalie. „Dynamiques d'usages des NTIC et identités professionnelles : le cas de France Télécom“. Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the field of sociology of work, this thesis deals with the methods of introduction and development of the New Information and Communication Technommogies in enterprise. It highlights the reasons explaining why the employees react differently when faced with the diffusion of a technology. Among the various categories of workers studied within France Telecom, the case of the "intervention technicians in the company-customers relation" indicates that their reluctance about using of the NICT could be understood as a result of the weakening of their profession's identity, and not as a simple expression of "unwillingness". This reluctance is linked to the fact that their professional identity is undermined by the change taking place conjointly on the technical, organisational and manageriale levels. These evolutions respond to the constraints of competition that the company has to face. This work also underlines the middle management's part in the NICT appropriation process; it shows that the more the managers set up the change in a wide and accelerated way, the more the identity constructions of these technicians are thrown back into question
Martin, Ludivine. „Essais sur la mesure des impacts des TIC sur les entreprises et les salariés“. Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1G001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in firms and of its economic and social consequences. The first issue ot the thesis is to study strategic choices of firms concerning ICT adoption. To take advantage of ICT opportunities, firms can choose to implement an e-business strategy. Through a Website, the strategy can be directed towards either informing customers or selling online. Beyond the determinants highlighted in the literature, the originality of the first chapter lies in the introduction of factors hardly measurable such as reputation, competitive environment or mimetic behaviour. To deepen the analysis, the second chapter focuses on firms' motives for investing in a Website. Depending on the competitive pressure in the market structure, the firm may try to reach two objectives. The Website can be used either to enhance the competitive advantage on the market and/or to strategically eliminate rivals by creating artificial entry barriers. The second issue of the thesis is to analyse theimpact of firms' I CT choices on employees. The third chapter looks at the impact of ICT on the satisfaction and the stress of employees at work. We investigate whether ICT favour satisfaction by being associated with acknowledgement and enrichment, or conversely reinforce stress by increasing employers' pressure. The fourth chapter is devoted to the analysis of the impact of ICT use at work on the incentives and motivations a firm can use to get employees'optimal provision of effort
Parot, Isabelle. „Pour une meilleure compréhension des équipes à distance : analyse comparée de six équipes du secteur des hautes technologies“. Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2006_out_parot_i.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at bringing answers to the numerous questions about the way of working of virtual teams. The frame of analysis is built on three concepts for teams: the communication, the coordination and the cooperation. For this research, a qualitative method has been adopted, based on case-studies. Most of the virtual team met, correspond to working situation in which collective work and effective collaboration are absent. The analysis of team members' interview shows that individuals do not have the sensation of belonging to a team. Results show that virtual teams are not satisfying the criteria of a working team as we have defined them. Those teams have their own haracteristic and their own problematical. We propose to use the term of collective remote group in order to clarify this form of work. We suggest to managers some actions and recommendations based on the understanding of the specificities of those virtual teams and the necessity of a human and technic support
Parot, Isabelle Livian Yves-Frédéric. „Pour une meilleure compréhension des équipes à distance analyse comparée de six équipes du secteur des hautes technologies /“. Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2006/parrot_i.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuilbert, Laure. „Activités, temps et lieux de vie des cadres : la problématique des technologies et vecteurs d'information et de communication à distance : une approche systémique“. Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHumbert, Pierre. „Approche informationnelle pour la prise en compte des contextes d'usage dans la conception d'outils de travail collaboratif assisté par ordinateur : apports et limites d'une démarche de veille stratégique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ007L.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis drives a discussion on contributions of a strategic watch process to guide information practices of the CSCW software designers in very small business (VSB) context. We defend the idea that the actors of CSCW software design process have to build an ability to anticipate the meaning assigned by future users to the product they are specifying. This ability could be supported by a learning process to which a watch approach could participate. We think that the problem can be treated in two times. First, are the designers able to allow their design practices to evolve in order to build a knowledge on appropriation surroundings oriented to a more sociologicaland organizational perspective than functional and technical ? Then, can a learning process supported by strategic watch contribute to this evolution ? These questions are treated through a design project case study for which we identify different influence factors, then through a methodological proposition that we drive a critic approach at a second time and, finally, through a study on several methodological alternatives contribution
Debbabi, Khaoula. „Les déterminants cognitifs et affectifs de l'acceptabilité des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication : le cas des Progiciels de Gestion Intégrée“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis provides us with relevant factors which served as predictions of intentions used through Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in the air transport sector in Tunisia. The introduction of such type of package implies changes in work's organizations and employees' apprehensions since it is to be considered as a complex process. The first empirical objective of this work is to pinpoint respectively the main role of the sense of self-efficacy, the perceived behavioral control and subjective workload in choosing adoption of such packages (study 1). The results indicate that interrelatedness is well marked and therefore, it has a significant influence in the use of the ERP. Both computer's self-efficiency and experienced self-control lead to a direct or indirect use of ERP through the perceived utility and relative usability of the package. Whereas, the subjective aspect of the workload go against a good use this tool. The components of subjective workload (mental workload, temporal workload, asked efforts, performance's level and frustration) have considerable effect in the formation of good willingness for the use of such software. This experienced negative effect stems its origins from the employee's frustration when using an ERP system. The study of different forms of frustration (Study 2) suggests that a greater impact is to be recorded, and then, a feeling of discouragement is far to be dismissed and it can be considered as more important than the perceived stress related with usability of the ERP. The present thesis has two layers of research: the first is a kind of theoretical contribution on the role of emotional determinants on the intentional use of ERP systems and the second is a practical contribution since it paves the way to a rethinking of the decisional invest in the implementation of such a package's in-put and therefore it mainstreams the effort of educators in the aim to reduce the subjective burden among employees during an actual and efficient use of the tool
Missika, Jean-Louis. „Les changements introduits par les technologies de l'information et de la communication dans les cadres d'analyse et les systèmes de représentation de l'activité économique de l'entreprise et du travail“. Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHumbert, Pierre. „Approche informationnelle pour la prise en compte des contextes d'usage dans la conception d'outils de travail collaboratif assisté par ordinateur : apports et limites d'une démarche de veille stratégique“. Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ007L.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis drives a discussion on contributions of a strategic watch process to guide information practices of the CSCW software designers in very small business (VSB) context. We defend the idea that the actors of CSCW software design process have to build an ability to anticipate the meaning assigned by future users to the product they are specifying. This ability could be supported by a learning process to which a watch approach could participate. We think that the problem can be treated in two times. First, are the designers able to allow their design practices to evolve in order to build a knowledge on appropriation surroundings oriented to a more sociologicaland organizational perspective than functional and technical ? Then, can a learning process supported by strategic watch contribute to this evolution ? These questions are treated through a design project case study for which we identify different influence factors, then through a methodological proposition that we drive a critic approach at a second time and, finally, through a study on several methodological alternatives contribution
Démoulain, Matthieu. „Nouvelles technologies et droit des relations de travail : essai sur une évolution des relations de travail“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the centuries, from Cheops to the Internet and from nanotechnology to teleportation, new technologies have constantly been at the centre of individuals’ lives. Produced by human intelligence, they appear to be a key to innovation, a tool for the dissemination of knowledge and they enable the progress and evolution of mankind. These new technologies obviously drew lawyers’ attention as they have a direct impact on society as a whole, but also more specifically on the relationship between employers and employees. Moreover, they tend to reshape the organisation of corporations and lead to the entanglement of professional and private life. As a matter of fact, labour law is under pressure: recruitment procedures can be altered by new technologies, the conclusion of employment contracts is nowadays electronic and instantaneous, and security and privacy rules have been established (not to mention electronic trade union communications, e-voting or e-meetings for staff representative bodies). In short, the whole framework is changing. Unfortunately, lawmakers are usually overtaken by events as science and law evolve at a very different pace. However, sooner or later, legal boundaries are set. Currently, courts’ main challenge is to try to make technological progress and protection of employees compatible
Mbemba, Gisèle Irène Claudine. „Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et le travail des professionnels de la santé en zones rurales et éloignées dans les pays en développement : cas du Mali“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe expansion of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in health systems enable some health professionals in developing countries to use ICTs in rural areas and to provide better health care to the population. However, studies on the impact of the use of ICTs on the work of health professionals in rural areas in developing countries are rare. The objectives of this two-part research were: 1) To explore the evolution of perceptions related to the recruitment and retention of health professionals in the four district health centers in Mali that have implemented telehealth in the context of the Equi-Reshus project; 2) To identify the variables influencing the perceived impact of telehealth on the recruitment and retention of professionals in this context; 3) To explore the perceptions of health workers about the implementation and use of telehealth as well as the level of motivation and satisfaction in their work in rural and remote areas of Mali. A correlative and exploratory descriptive design was used for the whole of this research. Concerning the first part, the influence of the telehealth project on the recruitment and retention of health professionals in rural areas in Mali, a longitudinal study has allowed to compare the perceptions of 16 participants who completed the questionnaire at time 1 and time 2. Data analysis was based on general descriptive analyzes for T1 and T2-matched samples, for the two dependent variables and the ten independent variables, as well as statistical tests to detect differences between T1 and T2. For the second part of this research, the use and perceptions of telehealth by health professionals in rural Mali, 17 participants were interviewed. A thematic content analysis, based on the elements of the conceptual framework of the study, was undertaken to identify the main themes. Results for the first component showed that the variable "access to ICTs" has evolved, as several healthcare professionals have been able to use IT tools, while the number of ICT users has not increased. We also found that health professionals participating in the project were informed of the availability of telehealth in the centers, but that few were trained to use them. Moreover, our results showed that changes in perceptions did not significantly change between T1 and T2. For the second part, our findings show that the implementation and use of ICTs by healthcare professionals is confronted with problems that can be overcome. In this case, it is about training of personnel, availability of equipment, accessibility to energy sources and the Internet. Despite this, several benefits related to the use of ICT by health professionals were highlighted. These benefits are for the most part those identified as recruitment and retention factors in the reference model. Finally, our findings showed that perceptions of health professionals argued that access to ICTs or telehealth could promote their recruitment and retention in rural and remote areas. In sum, the results of this study show how the use of ICTs in the health systems of developing countries still encounters difficulties despite the adoption of these by health professionals. It is therefore necessary and urgent for the health authorities to be able to invest both in the improvement of health facilities and in the in-service training of staff, especially by facilitating the implantation and use of ICT in rural and remote areas. Keywords: ICT; Telehealth; Training; Professionals healthcare; Recruitment and retention; Rural areas; Mali
Minet-Letalle, Catherine. „Les flux de travail transfrontaliers : Pour une relecture du droit social communautaire dans le contexte du développement des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication“. Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL20004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe growth in new ICT leads us to ask wheter the newer and hither to little-researched question of labour transfers not involving the physical displacement of persons should not be seen as part of the conventional one concerning the free movement of persons. A legal framework for these transfers would seem to be necessary if we do not wish to see the development of uncontrollable transfers of labour. The question is wether Community Labour Law regulations take into consideration these new transfers. It is the hypothesis of this research that Community regulations concerning the transfer of cross-border labour have been built around the physical displacement of workers. Today these regulations must take into account the growth in the transfer of labour not involving the physical displacement of persons. The transfers lead to two questions : concerning their inclusion in current regulations, and the inclusion of their consequences in current regulations
Barrier, Julien. „La science en projets : régimes de financement et reconfigurations du travail des chercheurs académiques : le cas des sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication en France (1982-2006)“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the last three decades, the rationales and the mechanisms for the allocation of funding to academic research have fundamentally changed in France – echoing similar evolutions occurring in most OECD countries. Project funding, as opposed to core funding, has gradually become one the main sources of support for research centers. Academics have been subjected to growing levels of accountability and urged to produce more applied knowledge, driven by the objective to contribute to industrial innovation and economic growth. Focusing on the case of research in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), this dissertation seeks to understand the impact of these changes on research practices and the professional autonomy of academic researchers. While researchers’ professional autonomy has not been radically challenged, the constraints stemming from changes in funding regimes have redefined the conditions of possibility and the traditional forms of academic autonomy. As a result, they have reconfigured the organization and the contents of academic work. The role of “articulation work” has expanded to deal with changing patterns of competition for resources and the organization of industrial collaborations. In addition, researchers have developed new forms of organization of their work to deal with increasing tensions between exploration and exploitation in the production of knowledge. Last, these changes have increased the division of work within research groups, but relations between researchers remain collegial rather than managerial
Marrauld, Laurie. „De la conception d'une plateforme de télétravail virtualisée et unifiée : Analyses socio-techniques du travail "à distance" équipé“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral thesis in Management Sciences concerns the project WITE 2.0 dedicated to the analysis and the design of technical and organizational ICT device : an integrated platform for teleworking. This platform allows you to work "remotely" on a connected mode or not, from any device (PC, phone, tablet), on a "thin client" and in a work environment like « cloud computing ». Some questions have emerged related to the design of the platform : these questions concern the role of the information and communication technologies (ICT) in the progress of remote working. Our design of research is divided into two research’s actions : firstly, we wanted to know the diversity of remote working configurations and secondly, we wanted to understand how the appropriation’s codes and norms of the new technologies (used for the platform) take place. We followed an « situed action » perspective and a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews and observations. In our results, we describe the remote working’s realities, the limitations of the technologies and the tactics built by the workers while they « enact » the technology remotly. We discovered some use’s norms, often in a tacit dimension, and use’s values of these new technologies. Finally we gave some managerial recommandations concerning the technical, use and service aspects
Verdier, Benoît. „TIC et groupes sociaux /“. Paris : Hermès science publications-Lavoisier, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41164095h.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDatchary, Caroline. „Les situations de dispersion au travail“. Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0150.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research questions dispersion situations in the workplace, defined as situations where the worker must face numerous engagements in a short time span. With this new descriptive category, we can analyse how the worker makes arrangements to cope with the decline of the most prescriptive forms of planning. The empirical inquiries compare four complex work situations: traders in dealing rooms, foremen in the sewerage industry, workers in agencies specializing in organizing events and managers. The strong contrast between these work situations is essential to put to the test the fertility of this new descriptive category. This comparative analysis puts the light on work behaviours scarcely documented in literature and contributes to various important themes of work sociology such as ICT, time, coordination, skills or work intensification. It also has epistemological implications since it deals with pragmatic versatility and the way a person integrates multiple short-term « engagements »
Ternynck, Élise. „Le juge du contrat de travail et la preuve électronique : essai sur l’incidence des technologies de l’Information et de la communication sur le contentieux prud’homal“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProcedure in labour contentious matters is the most significant place to observe the judicial reception of e-proof. Pragmatism and flexibility of the elected industrial tribunal offers a field of study which is suitable to observe the axiological confrontation between ICT and labour law and to observe the practicalconsequences of the inclusion of such proof in the litigants’ argumentation. This research endeavours to demonstrate that the use of e-proof receives a mixed appreciation from the Judge of the contract of employment. Indeed, he adopts a paradoxical behaviour: on the one hand, he shows boldness and takes part in the recognition of the e-proof during the phase of producing evidence; but on the other hand, he seems to be reluctant to make use of it in an effective manner. The result of this study is disappointing when considering the credibility given to e-proof is not equal to its procedural utility; it deserves to be the subjectof a more ambitious approach and of a general and more in-depth reflexion
Bourrion, Daniel Duchemin Pierre-Yves. „Intégrer les Services communs de documentation dans les Environnements numériques de travail l'exemple de l'IUFM de Lyon /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/bourrion-dcb15.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBen, Salah Wided. „Contrats incitatifs, pratiques organisationnelles, TIC et productivité du travail“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST3007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur work has tried to identify some elements which may have an effect on labor productivity, among which the incentive contracts, the information and communication’s technologies (ICT) and the organizational practices. We took into account the presence of asymmetric information, susceptible to influence the employment relationships and the firm’s choices concerning the organizational practices or the introduction of ICT. The dissertation is divided into two parts: the first one considers the optimal incentive contracts as well as the effect of various remuneration systems on labor productivity. The second part is devoted to the introduction of ICT and the organizational practices. The empirical results drawn from the first part show that the remuneration’s effect on productivity depends on the adopted type of payment and on the social and occupational group of the beneficiaries. They also indicate that the length of the employment’s contract and the rate of short term debts have an effect on productivity. The results obtained within the framework of the second part of the dissertation show that the employees needed some time to adapt, between 1998 and 1999, before the positive effects of the ICT and organizational practices could appear on their productivity. However given the delays of human capital’s accumulation, the effect on labor productivity of various ICT and organizational practices occurred more quickly in 2004. Finally, we showed that the productivity increases more if the company chooses to undertake both changes at the same time
David, Benjamin. „Impact des technologies de l’information et de la communication sur la productivité et la structure de l’emploi“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first chapter of this thesis investigates the relationship between Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and productivity within 8 OECD countries. It aims at providing explanations for the coexistence of this strong technological evolution together with the absence of break in the productivity trend during the last decades. Our results suggest that there is a clearly identifiable positive relationship between computerization and technical progress, while ICT diffusion negatively affects pure efficiency changes. Our findings support that the economies under consideration are still in a phase of adaptation.The second chapter analyses the role of ICT on the job market polarization. Using data for 8 industrialized economies, our results show a significant contribution of ICT on polarization dynamics with some differences between countries and industries. We also find evidence that diffusion of ICT is initially accompanied by a Skill Bias Technological Change (SBTC), then contributing to job market polarization. Finally, our findings highlight a progressive weakening of the positive link between ICT diffusion and the increasing demand for high-skilled workers over time.The third chapter evaluates the risk of job destructions induced by computer technology in Japan. Relying on recent methodology, we found evidence that approximatively 55% of jobs are susceptible to be carried by computer capital in the next years. We also show that thereis no significant difference on the basis of gender. On the contrary, non-regular jobs (those that concern temporary and part-time workers) are more vulnerable to computer technology diffusion than the others
Khayoussef-Gassib, Jihane. „Le genre dans le monde du conseil en technologies de l'information : le modèle du métier et les pratiques professionnelles“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiversity Information Technology (IT) jobs seems to face real challenges: the idea of masculinity of IT, the discomfort felt by women working in IT and the inequalities between men and women in terms of career development remain persistent despite of all efforts deployed within the organizations committed to implementing diversity in their workforce, and despite of the studies and theories developed on women under-representation in Information Technology sector.Hence, our research addresses the following questions: how to explain female under- representation in IT jobs in general and IT consulting sector in particular, and how to explain the persistent idea that these jobs carry a male character? In particular, we are studying in this thesis the IT consulting sector in order to explore the gender phenomena in the daily exercise of this profession.The main objective of this research is first to facilitate a better understanding of the situation of women and men in this profession, and to identify the mechanisms behind the persistence of the socio-gendered roles and Gender/IT stereotypes.Based on the theory of structuration, this research redirects the perspective towards the study of daily interactions between the professionals in two organizations committed to gender diversity (in France and the United Arab Emirates) to analyze the experience of women and men in this profession, and identify the mechanisms related to socio-gendered roles and Gender/IT stereotypes. The theory of structuration of Giddens (1984), which has been redesigned to fit the organizational context of a company, offers a relevant analytical framework to link the actions and interactions of the consultants to the characteristics of the structure in which they evolve, and explain the mechanisms that ensure the stability or the evolution of this structure. The methodological approach adopted has been the exploratory qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation.Eventually, the results of this research, clarify the visions expressed by IT consultants regarding access to the IT consulting profession, regarding the integration within it, the interaction between the different parties in the profession, the balance between private and professional life and the interpretation of certain notions such appearance, professionalism, competence, and performance in a male or female manner. These results will have both theoretical and practical applications: the main contribution of this research is to bring a new understanding of the idea that IT consulting jobs carry a male character. This research can also give a methodological tool to lead other studies in areas with a male or female character in spites of efforts to open them. Finally the managerial contribution of this study is to improve the diversity management actions in favor of a better a rebalancing between men and women in IT jobs
Castillo, Pimentel José Manuel. „Etude de la charge mentale et du stress engendrés par l'usage des technologies numériques en milieu professionnel“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the stress caused by the use of digital technologies - called "technostress" - and of mental workload has increased after the introduction and massive use of digital technologies in the professional context. This thesis aims to understand the determinants of these two phenomena and their relationship. The scientific literature review reveals that technostress and mental workload share the same determinants and has made it possible to identify the similarities and differences between these two concepts. The first empirical study consisted of the cultural and linguistic adaptation in French of an evaluation scale of factors generating and protecting technostress in a professional context (Ragu-Nathan et al. 2007), as well as the evaluation of its underlying theoretical framework from the perspective of psychology and ergonomics. A reliable three-factor scale was obtained. The second study focused on exploring the relationship between technostress, mental workload, the use of digital technologies and teleworking. To do this, the scale adapted in the previous study was used, as well as the “individual, mental workload and activity” model developed by Galy (2020). It was found that the frequency of technology use and the amount of teleworking did not have a significant influence on the dimensions of technostress and mental workload. On the other hand, when technology increases the operator's workload, he perceives his working conditions (temporal, organizational and social aspects of work) as more demanding. The third study focused on the tension, state-anxiety and burnout caused by the use of technology among public education teachers during the first lockdown linked to the COVID-19 health crisis. It has been observed that the use of digital technology increases the perceived effort of carrying out educational activities and that this resulting tension significantly influences the state of anxiety and the emotional and psychological exhaustion of individuals. The results of these studies have made it possible to develop a model of technostress and its relationship to mental workload. The thesis concludes with a discussion on the socio-technical aspect of the use of technology in the workplace
Debue, Nicolas. „TIC et cognition humaine :rôles des caractéristiques instrumentales des technologies sur la charge cognitive de l'utilisateur“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241229.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Missaoui, Radhouane. „Les transformations du métier de conseiller de mission locale liées à l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication : l’impact sur les identités et les représentations sociales“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1100/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study aims to collect the perceptions that the counselors working at career counseling have of their job, of the young people, of their professional practices and of their use of the Internet and the digital tools of management on a daily basis. The aim is to identify the relationship between the use of information technologies and perceived stress at work. Based on models and studies on work stress (perceived stress, sources of stress at work), 46 counselors were met, 35 of whom were interviewed through semi-directive interviews. The research is complemented by a quantitative approach that has helped us to develop a typology of counselors according to their level of perceived stress, to their perceived sources of stress at work, to their expectations for the future, to their professional practices and to their use of the information technologies at work. The results of our research show that the use of the information technologies at the workplace contributes to the evolution of professional practices, to the transformation of the perceptions that counselors have of their job and to a reconstruction of their professional identities. It seems that the use of information technologies at work increases the level of perceived stress of the most conservative counselors and it increases the feel of well-being at work of the most innovative counselors
Marrauld, Laurie. „De la conception d'une plateforme de télétravail virtualisée et unifiée : Analyses socio-techniques du travail "à distance" équipé“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral thesis in Management Sciences concerns the project WITE 2.0 dedicated to the analysis and the design of technical and organizational ICT device : an integrated platform for teleworking. This platform allows you to work "remotely" on a connected mode or not, from any device (PC, phone, tablet), on a "thin client" and in a work environment like « cloud computing ». Some questions have emerged related to the design of the platform : these questions concern the role of the information and communication technologies (ICT) in the progress of remote working. Our design of research is divided into two research’s actions : firstly, we wanted to know the diversity of remote working configurations and secondly, we wanted to understand how the appropriation’s codes and norms of the new technologies (used for the platform) take place. We followed an « situed action » perspective and a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews and observations. In our results, we describe the remote working’s realities, the limitations of the technologies and the tactics built by the workers while they « enact » the technology remotly. We discovered some use’s norms, often in a tacit dimension, and use’s values of these new technologies. Finally we gave some managerial recommandations concerning the technical, use and service aspects
Ben, Affana Synda. „Communication et Internet : une étude de cas de l'appropriation sociale d'une technologie“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25556/25556.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuran, Correa Maria Isabel, und Correa Maria Isabel Duran. „Coconstruction du discours écrit d'élèves de l'ÉÉR supportée par l'utilisation des échafaudages du Knowledge Forum“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37802.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle« En peu de temps, les technologies de l’information et de la communication sont devenues l’un de piliers de la société moderne » (UNESCO, 2004, p.3) et cela entraîne des débats approfondis sur leur intégration au milieu scolaire. Nous nous intéressons à l’apprentissage en réseau en tant que pratique pédagogique novatrice qui répond aux besoins des élèves d’aujourd’hui. Cette recherche se loge sur le forum électronique du projet École Éloignée en Réseau, soit le Knowledge Forum. Des échafaudages insérés au forum supportent les élèves dans le développement de leurs compétences en partant du langage (Wood et al. 1976; Pea, 2004) représenté ici par l’écriture. Ils permettent aux élèves d’identifier la nature de leurs publications, dans le but d’organiser leurs idées et de réfléchir sur les connaissances (Land, 2004) qu’ils coconstruisent à partir des interactions écrites. Cette étude nous amène à nous questionner sur l’utilisation faite des échafaudages et sur la coconstruction du discours explicatif/transformatif supportée par cette utilisation. Notre recherche montre que tous les échafaudages ont été utilisés et que la majorité du temps les élèves choisissent de façon cohérente les échafaudages en lien avec le contenu de leurs publications. En outre, les résultats illustrent d’une part que « Ma théorie » est l’échafaudage le plus populaire, et d’autre part que les échafaudages « Cette théorie ne peut expliquer » et « Une meilleure théorie » commencent à être utilisés par les élèves du primaire. Ces résultats nous amènent à nous intéresser profusément à la place de ces deux échafaudages moins utilisés puisqu’ils sont des indicateurs d’un discours davantage collectif. Notre recherche révèle également que les élèves se sont appuyés sur l’utilisation des échafaudages pour créer des notes afin d’expliquer des informations factuelles ainsi que de brèves explications supportées par des faits, c’est-à-dire qu’ils ont relié les échafaudages aux explications coconstruites.
“In a short time, Information and Communication Technologies have become one of the pillars of modern society” (UNESCO, 2004, p.3) and this entails in-depth debates on their integration into the school environment. We are interested in networked learning as an innovative teaching practice that meets the needs of today's students. This research is based on the electronic forum of the Remote Networked School initiative, the Knowledge Forum. Scaffolds inserted in the forum support students in the development of their skills by using language (Wood et al., 1976, Pea, 2004) in a written form. They allow students to identify the nature of their publications, in order to organize their ideas and to think about knowledge (Land, 2004) that they co-construct from written interactions. This study, therefore, seeks to analyse the use made of scaffolds and the co-construction of the explanation discourse supported by this use. Our research shows that all scaffolds were used and that students consistently choose scaffolds related to the content of their publications. In addition, the results illustrate that "My theory" is the most popular scaffold, and secondly that scaffolds "This theory cannot explain" and "Better theory" are starting to be used by elementary school students, thus engaging into collective knowledge somehow deeper. These results lead us to take a deep interest in the place of these two less used scaffolds. Our research also reveals that students relied on the use of scaffolds to create notes to explain factual information as well as brief explanations supported by facts, which is to say that they linked scaffolds to co-constructed explanation.
“In a short time, Information and Communication Technologies have become one of the pillars of modern society” (UNESCO, 2004, p.3) and this entails in-depth debates on their integration into the school environment. We are interested in networked learning as an innovative teaching practice that meets the needs of today's students. This research is based on the electronic forum of the Remote Networked School initiative, the Knowledge Forum. Scaffolds inserted in the forum support students in the development of their skills by using language (Wood et al., 1976, Pea, 2004) in a written form. They allow students to identify the nature of their publications, in order to organize their ideas and to think about knowledge (Land, 2004) that they co-construct from written interactions. This study, therefore, seeks to analyse the use made of scaffolds and the co-construction of the explanation discourse supported by this use. Our research shows that all scaffolds were used and that students consistently choose scaffolds related to the content of their publications. In addition, the results illustrate that "My theory" is the most popular scaffold, and secondly that scaffolds "This theory cannot explain" and "Better theory" are starting to be used by elementary school students, thus engaging into collective knowledge somehow deeper. These results lead us to take a deep interest in the place of these two less used scaffolds. Our research also reveals that students relied on the use of scaffolds to create notes to explain factual information as well as brief explanations supported by facts, which is to say that they linked scaffolds to co-constructed explanation.
Terroux-Sfar, Florence. „Les règles de preuve et les évolutions du droit du travail“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe labor law knew during these last thirty years remarkable evolutions with the appearance of new information technologies and communication in the companies and, the creation of “justification’s requirement”. In the mean time employers are now obliged to detail the motivations of their actions and the employees are working more and more on informatics work station. It’s important to understand how these new characteristics have modified the application of the rules of the proof. If the proof’s burden seems to not have been affected by these evolutions, it is not the same about the proof’s object. Indeed, beyond the appearances, the new information and communication technologies lead to a modification of the proof object by giving to the employees the access of new elements of proof susceptible to influence the judge’s conviction. Besides, the “justification’s requirement” invites the judges to better control the employer’s decision. They have now the obligation to clarify their reasons for action. Concretely it means that, to support their claims, they can’t just argue objective facts to convince the judge but they have to justify the logic of their decisions. So, while the classic doctrine had for practice to expect relevant, controversial and questionable facts as proof objects, the “justification’s requirement” brings us to add “sensible facts" (facts articulated within a coherent speech). If at the first time, we could think that the “justification’s requirement” emergence will lead to subjective decision, we are obliged to admit the reinforcement of the judge control
Mallet, Christelle. „Entre traduction et négociation : comment se construit le sens des groupwares en contexte organisationnel ?“ Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ022L.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe introduction of groupwares in productive organizations highlights four major characteristics of our societies : the paramountcy of knowledge as a key driver of business competitiveness, the profusion of technologies surrounding both domestic and professional fields, the enhancement of urgency and mobility, and a new definition of the actor, a true entrepreneur of his life. Groupwares act as performance catalysts: to work faster and better by mobilizing collective intelligence. How can such tools be appropriated by actors in productive organizations ? How are they integrated or not in work practices ? How do actors, by seeking a meaning to them, transform organizations ? The question of cognitive and communicative processes at work constitute the heart of this research. The hypothesis considers the appropriation of groupwares as the product of two interrelated dynamics: the creation of meaning dynamic and the translation dynamic. The articulation of the sensemaking theory developed by Karl E. Weick and the translation theory proposed by Madeleine Akrich, Michel Callon and Bruno Latour appears to be appropriate to analyze the process of appropriation of groupwares. Three case studies were conducted : a participant observation in a research centre and two action-researches within a bank and an organization in the field of business support. They highlight the active role played by actors during the introduction of groupwares and the communicative dimension at work: project formulation, negotiation of those fundamental issues on which work collectives rely, and the translation and articulation of contradictory logics that are found in every company. The role of the manager appears to be preponderant and the research findings lead to the need to rethink his action during the implementation of groupwares, because these tools, vectors of cognitive rationalization, question those forms of identity construction and professional relations which are manifest in most companies. Managers appear helpless when facing these challenges
Boussard, Jocelyn. „Essays on macroeconomics“. Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first chapter of this dissertation documents the fact that the aggregate profit share of value added increases with industry concentration in advanced economies, but that paradoxically this translates into a shift towards lower values of the distribution of firm-level profits. An increase in competition in an economy where the dispersion of productivities is high exhibits such result, as well as a decrease of the rate of economic growth and real interest rate.The second chapter provides estimations of firm-level markup in France since 1966 and shows that industry concentration proxied by the top firms share of sales has increased on average across industries over the last decades, while the apparent stability of the aggregate labor share hides in reality two offsetting evolutions: an increase within the typical firm, and a reallocation of market shares towards low-labor-share firms. The rise in concentration has therefore been accompanied by a decrease of firms' market power.The third chapter reconciles the facts discovered in the two previous chapters dans explores the role of Information Technology (IT) by proving that there exists a positive and significant causal link from the size of firms to their relative demand of IT inputs. The fall in the price of IT has therefore disproportionately benefited large firms by helping them deal with organizational limits to scale. A general equilibrium model calibrated on French data shows that this mechanism explains half of the rise in concentration and of the negative contribution of reallocation to the aggregate labor share.Finally, the fourth chapter shows that in a monetary union, the negative spillovers from fiscal expansion in one region on the economy to the neighbours disappear when monetary policy becomes constrained by the Zero-Lower-Bound (ZLB). Assuming that regional policy makers care about the output gap and debt, strategic behaviours change at the ZLB, and while coordination remains beneficial to all, its gains are lower
Ben, Salah Wided. „Contrats incitatifs, pratiques organisationnelles, TIC et productivité du travail“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491975.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEsmaeili, Hamid. „Evaluation économique de l'impact des nouvelles technologies d'information : une application à l'économie américaine“. Littoral, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DUNK0078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe birth of New Information Technologie (NIT) has changed the economic data, entailing a modification of the productivity. This study aims at making an economic evaluation of the impact of Information Technologies (IT). After a theoretical explanation aiming at including NIT within the economic thought, this research will analyse the major changes from a macroeconomic point of view. To do so, it relies on the American economic system, where Information Technologies are more developed. We will then develop two Computable General Equilibrium models : the first one studies the contribution of technological progress-IT to the American economic system between 1954-2000, pointing out the break in terms of technological progress-IT in 1974. The second model underlines the evolution of the employment market for unqualified workers and uses sensitivity and economic policies analysis to identify the most appropriate measures