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HOPKIN, DAVID. „THE FRENCH ARMY, 1624–1914: FROM THE KING'S TO THE PEOPLE'S“. Historical Journal 48, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2005): 1125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004942.
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Richelieu's army: war government and society in France, 1624–1642. By David Parrott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xxiv+599. ISBN 0-521-79209-6. £65.00.The dynastic state and the army under Louis XIV: royal service and private interest, 1661–1701. By Guy Rowlands. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xxiv+404. ISBN 0-521-64124-1. £55.00.The French army, 1750–1820: careers, talent, merit. By Rafe Blaufarb. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. Pp. xii+227. ISBN 0-7190-6262-4. £45.00.The people in arms: military myth and national mobilization since the French Revolution. Edited by Daniel Moran and Arthur Waldron. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xi+268. ISBN 0-521-81432. £50.00.From revolutionaries to citizens: antimilitarism in France, 1870–1914. By Paul B. Miller. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii+277. ISBN 0-8223-2766-X. £13.95.Although all the books under review are military histories, international conflict is not their central concern. They are not primarily campaign histories, nor studies of strategic or tactical innovations, nor biographies of great commanders. If they help to answer the military historian's traditional question – how is military might created and used on the battlefield – then they do so indirectly, through an exploration of how the state marshalled its resources for war, particularly in terms of manpower. This is not just a question of emphasis, or of filling in gaps in the historiography; these books mount a sustained critique on the explanatory models favoured by military historians. Military history, David Parrott suggests, too readily falls into a ‘whiggish trap’: a series of clear-sighted war leaders grasp the potential of technology in achieving the state's foreign policy objectives; technological shifts drive changes in the size and organization of armies, and consequently in the development of the state. And thus was the modern world of large, complex, disciplined organizations made. In contrast, we are offered here a selection of error-prone war leaders, constrained at every turn by the social, political, and financial realities of their day, who were intent not on ‘progress’ but on manipulating the system of which they themselves were a part, and as much for their own ends as for those of the state they served.
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Stowers, Genie N. L. „Producing Technological Innovations“. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 3, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1995): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00105.x.
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Bukshnaitis, D. E., und A. V. Frolov. „RADICAL INNOVATION AND MODERN GERMAN INNOVATION POLICY: AN EXAMPLE OF THE COMPREHENSIVE EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE NATIONAL HIGH-TECH POTENTIAL“. International Trade and Trade Policy 9, Nr. 2 (11.06.2023): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-2-52-71.
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The acceleration of the pace of scientific and technological progress has intensified the competition between states and national economic agents in the field of technological development. To win this competition can states and companies that offer radical innovations and high-tech products. The article discusses theoretical approaches to understanding of the terms radical and transformative innovations. Particular attention is given to innovative German state policy aimed at stimulating radical technological innovations, strategic guidelines that determine this policy, and practical tools aimed at its implementation. Particular attention is paid to the governmental support measures in regard emergence and diffusion of transformative innovations designed to bring Germany and Europe on the track of sustainable development. The article gives examples of radical innovations created by German companies with active support from the Government.
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Musa, Hussein Gibreel, Askar Garad und Mahmoud Mussa. „Trends and Innovations in Tourism Marketing Within Government Policy“. JIAN - Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Negara 8, Nr. 2 (31.05.2024): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56071/jian.v8i2.886.
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This bibliometric study explores the trends, innovations, and the impact of government policies on tourism marketing from 2000 to 2023. The analysis identifies significant shifts, such as the transition to digital marketing, the rise of experiential and sustainable tourism marketing, and the crucial role of government interventions. Technological advancements, including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and big data analytics, have significantly enhanced tourism marketing strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated the adoption of digital platforms and responsive policy-making. Top-cited articles emphasize sustainability, economic impacts, and health tourism, highlighting influential contributions from leading researchers. Geographical analysis shows that the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia are the most prolific contributors, with emerging markets like India, China, Indonesia, and South Africa also playing vital roles. The findings underscore the dynamic, interdisciplinary nature of tourism marketing research and the essential interplay between marketing strategies and government policies. This study provides a foundation for future research and informs effective policy-making and marketing strategies to enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of the global tourism industry.
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Kang, Lu, Jie Lv und Haoyang Zhang. „Can the Water Resource Fee-to-Tax Reform Promote the “Three-Wheel Drive” of Corporate Green Energy-Saving Innovations? Quasi-Natural Experimental Evidence from China“. Energies 17, Nr. 12 (11.06.2024): 2866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17122866.
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The long-standing, unrestrained utilization of energy resources by China’s manufacturing sector has created irreversible obstacles to regional sustainable development. Consequently, the Chinese government has implemented a water resource tax policy in certain regions, with the aim of compelling manufacturing enterprises to adopt green and energy-saving innovations. This study used panel data from Chinese manufacturing companies listed on the A-share market from 2009 to 2020 and employed a double machine learning model to explore whether the water resource fee-to-tax reform can compel enterprises to enhance their tripartite green energy-saving innovation drive. These innovations consist of vision-driven and mission-driven green energy-saving technological innovations and green management energy-saving innovations. Following a quasi-natural experiment, our findings revealed the following: (1) The water resource fee-to-tax policy promoted the internal coupling coordination of the triple-driven system. (2) The policy compelled progress in mission-driven green energy-saving technological innovations and green energy-saving management innovations but hindered vision-driven green energy-saving technological innovations. (3) Within the internal systems of manufacturing enterprises, green energy-saving management innovations play a positive mediating role between the water resource fee-to-tax policy and the mission-driven green energy-saving technology innovation subsystem, but they lack a similar positive mediating mechanism for the vision-driven green energy-saving technology innovation subsystem. (4) The counterfactual framework verified that the mechanistic pathway “water resource fee-to-tax → green energy-saving management innovation → mission-driven/vision-driven green energy-saving technological innovation” could be further extended to other manufacturing enterprises not currently under policy compulsion. (5) In the interaction system between manufacturing enterprises and external markets, the development of marketization and financial technology positively regulated the promoting effect of the water resource fee-to-tax policy on mission-driven green energy-saving technological innovations and green energy-saving management innovations, but it did not have a similar effect on vision-driven green energy-saving technological innovations.
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Quan, Mengqi, Quan Guo, Qing Xia und Min Zhou. „Research on the Effects of Environmental Regulations on Industrial-Technological Innovation Based on Pressure Transmission“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 19 (04.10.2021): 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911010.
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This paper investigates the transmission of pressure between the public, relevant government departments, and industrial firms through the use of formal environmental regulations. The data include formal environmental regulations issued from 2005 to 2019 in 179 cities in 27 provinces in China. The intermediary effect model and the threshold effect model are used to carry out research studies on the relationships between public-participated environmental regulations, formal environmental regulations, and industrial-technological innovations. Results indicate that: (1) Pressure is transmitted between the public, and relevant government sectors and industries. For instance, public-participated environmental regulations pressure relevant government departments to apply strong formal environmental regulations on industrial sectors. (2) Labor and capital have a positive moderating effect on the effect of formal environmental regulations on industrial-technological innovations. (3) Both public-participated and formal environmental regulations promote industrial-technological innovations. (4) There is a threshold effect in formal environmental regulations. For instance, when the intensity of public-participated environmental regulations is higher than 93, the role of formal environmental regulations in promoting industrial-technological innovation can be completely maximized.
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Wu, Xun, und M. Ramesh. „Market imperfections, government imperfections, and policy mixes: policy innovations in Singapore“. Policy Sciences 47, Nr. 3 (25.09.2013): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-013-9186-x.
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Asgharzadeh Shiadeh, Seyed Aref. „The Role of Technology in Enhancing Transparency in Government Resource Allocation“. Journal of Resource Management and Decision Engineering 2, Nr. 3 (2023): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jrmde.2.3.2.
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This study aims to explore the role of technology in fostering transparency in government operations, identifying both the opportunities provided by technological advancements and the barriers to their effective implementation. This qualitative research employed semi-structured interviews with 22 participants, including government officials, IT professionals, policy makers, and academics specializing in public administration and technology. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the impact of technology on transparency. Theoretical saturation was achieved, ensuring that no additional data would provide further insights. Three main themes were identified: Technological Advancements, Impact on Transparency, and Barriers to Implementation. Technological Advancements encompassed categories such as Data Integration, Real-Time Access, Automation, Security and Privacy, and User-Friendly Interfaces. Impact on Transparency included Public Trust, Accountability, and Policy Development. Barriers to Implementation were identified as Technological Barriers, Organizational Resistance, Legal and Regulatory Challenges, and Financial Constraints. The study concludes that while technological innovations hold significant potential to enhance transparency in government resource allocation, their implementation is frequently hindered by a range of technological, organizational, and financial barriers. Addressing these challenges through tailored policy interventions and strategic planning is crucial for capitalizing on the benefits of technology in public administration.
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Van de Ven, Andrew, Ron Adner, Stephen Barley, Deborah Dougherty, Jane Fountain, Andrew Hargadon, Mark Kamlet, Beth Karlin und Melissa Schilling. „Increasing Benefits & Reducing Social Costs of Technological Innovations“. Behavioral Science & Policy 3, Nr. 1 (April 2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/237946151700300109.
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Technological innovation is a double-edged sword. It can help solve major problems, such as how to treat cancer, and can be an engine of economic growth, but it can also cost jobs, such as when automation replaces people Both aspects raise issues that have major but so far little-recognized policy implications. One such issue is that new technologies are now taking the place not just of routinized jobs but of more complex positions. Another is that many government policies meant to foster needed innovation are based on an outmoded understanding of how innovation occurs and thus are not as effective as they could be. As behavioral scientists who study technology and innovation, we offer insights into addressing both issues.
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Hoppe, Rob. „Public Policy Systems Dealing with Ethically Contested Medical Technological Innovations“. Creativity and Innovation Management 17, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2008): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2008.00495.x.
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Honcharenko, Daria. „PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT: KEY POLICY INSTRUMENTS IN CHINA“. EUREKA: Social and Humanities 4 (31.07.2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001369.
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The article provides an overview of programs, plans, tools of scientific and technological, innovation and industrial policy aimed at creating and producing new drugs in China; it is substantiated that the Chinese government uses an integrated approach in the implementation of mechanisms to protect and strengthen the pharmaceutical industry. It is demonstrated that the Chinese government provides business support in the form of subsidies, tax incentives, the creation of special zones for the development of high-tech industries, and helps to attract foreign direct investment in contract manufacturing and research and development, accompanied by technology transfer; through the public procurement system, a program for the development of endogenous innovations is implemented through the provision of price preferences, and advanced foreign technologies are involved. State support contributed to an increase in the level of localization of production and an increase in the number of jobs, an increase in the added value of production and the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry, the formation of scientific and technical competencies and the development of technologies, the creation of objects of intellectual property rights. The Chinese model of investment and innovative development, relying on the use of external technological, production, human resources, has made it possible to form a high-tech pharmaceutical sector capable of producing endogenous innovations. Given the objectives of the policy documents, Chinese enterprises are encouraged to invest in other countries in the interests of the development of Chinese pharmaceuticals.
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Salikhova, Olena, und Daria Honcharenko. „Policy of endogenous development of pharmaceuticals in China: lessons for Ukraine“. Economy and forecasting 2020, Nr. 2 (12.10.2020): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.02.105.
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This article provides overview of the programs and plans, tools of scientific and technological, innovation and industry policies for new drug discovery. The authors substantiate that China has a government-led integrated approach to protecting and strengthening pharmaceutical sector. Discovered and proved the fact that the Chinese Government is encouraging R&D in the pharmaceutical sector, with special attention to the biotechnologies and is providing substantial support in the form of subsidies, tax incentives and establishment of special high-tech zones to encourage the production of new products and processes in the pharmaceutical sector. In addition to government support, there is substantial foreign direct investment in production and R&D, which entails transfer of technology and intensifies endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The authors give special attention to the fact that China's Government Procurement provides domestic price preference programme and realizes policies promoting indigenous innovation products and technology transfer. Initiatives to create human resources for pharmaceuticals industry and government aid attract foreign specialists and highly qualified Chinese migrants. Government support has raised the level of production localization, and increased employment and value added in the industry. Among the achievements attained due to the political mechanisms created in this country, are scientific and technological competencies and technology development, and high competitiveness of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, protection of intellectual property rights, access to foreign markets, import substitution and lower dependence on imported technologies, pharmaceutical intermediate goods and end-product, and high consumer quality of manufactured goods. It is proven that China's state-led innovation and investment development model has supported growth over the last 40 years and produced numerous endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The article presents the authors' vision of the determinants of success of the Chinese government in building innovation potential of domestic pharmaceuticals industry and of the resilience of the industry in the face of crisis caused by COVID-19.
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Yan, Min-Ren, Haiyan Yan, Lingyun Zhan, Xinyue Yan und Mengen Xu. „Evaluation of Technological Innovations and the Industrial Ecosystem of Science Parks in Shanghai: An Empirical Study“. Science, Technology and Society 25, Nr. 3 (26.05.2020): 482–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721820912906.
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Science parks and innovation policies have a major mission in driving innovative resources and nurturing emerging industries, while the government-academia-industry collaborations and the establishment of an ecosystem are essentials. To investigate the key driving forces for sustainable development of the collaborative ecosystem, this article evaluates the technological innovations and the ecosystem of Science Parks in Shanghai based on historical data obtained from Shanghai Zhangjiang Science Park (Zhangjiang Park in short). Systems thinking and causal loop analysis are adopted to explore the structure of the collaborative ecosystem and reflections of the policy impact on the science park. The role of the government in science parks and innovation ecosystems is identified with systems mapping and empirical study. The economic impact of Zhangjiang Park policies and the performance of innovation activities in Shanghai are further evaluated. Lessons learnt from the benchmarked science parks and policy implications for facilitating the innovation ecosystem are addressed.
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Onyebuchi Nneamaka Chisom, Chika Chioma Unachukwu und Blessing Osawaru. „STEM education advancements in African contexts: A comprehensive review“. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, Nr. 1 (30.01.2024): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.2719.
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In the rapidly evolving global landscape, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education stands as a pivotal factor in driving economic growth and technological advancement, particularly in the African context, where it faces unique challenges and opportunities. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the advancements, challenges, and future prospects of STEM education in African contexts, exploring the historical evolution, current state, and key challenges of STEM education, along with the innovations, roles of government and non-governmental organizations, and comparative analysis with global trends. The paper methodically examines various facets of STEM education in Africa, including its historical background, current practices, challenges, and innovations. It delves into the role of digital technologies, gender dynamics, collaborative efforts, and international partnerships in STEM education. It employs a systematic literature review approach and focuses on peer-reviewed articles and scientific reports to comprehensively understand the subject. The study concludes that STEM education in Africa is marked by challenges such as resource limitations, gender disparities, and inadequate teacher training, but also highlights significant innovations and the potential for technological integration. The paper recommends policy reforms focusing on teacher training, curriculum development, resource allocation, and gender equity, emphasizing the need for leveraging technological innovations and fostering international collaborations for the advancement of STEM education in Africa.
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Weerawardena, Jay. „Innovation in Queensland Firms: Implications for the Smart State“. Queensland Review 10, Nr. 1 (Mai 2003): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002543.
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The challenges in the business environment are forcing Australian firms to be innovative in all their efforts to serve customers. Reflecting this need there have been several innovation policy statements both at Federal and State government level aimed at encouraging innovation in Australian industry. In particular, the innovation policy statement launched by the Queensland government in the year 2000 primarily intends building a Smart State through innovation. During the last few decades the Australian government policy on innovation has emphasized support for industry R&D. However industry stakeholders demand a more firm-focused policy of innovation. Government efforts in this direction have been hindered by a lack of a consistent body of knowledge on innovation at the firm level. In particular the Australian literature focusing on firm level antecedents of innovation is limited and fragmented. This study examines the role of learning capabilities in innovation and competitive advantage. Based on a survey of manufacturing firms in Queensland the study finds that both technological and non-technological innovations lead to competitive advantage. The findings contribute to the theory competitive advantage and firm level antecedents of innovation. Implications for firm level innovation strategies and behaviour are discussed. In addition, the findings have important implications for Queensland government's current initiatives to build a Smart State through innovation.
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Woods, Jeffrey G. „Pathways of Technological Change“. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 5, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2014010101.
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While technological change benefits the U.S. service sector and the economy as a whole, the creation, design and production of innovations may favor highly-skilled over less-skilled workers. If skill-biased technical change creates more job vacancies for skilled, relative to less-skilled workers, less-skilled workers are at greater risk of becoming structurally unemployed. An epidemiological model is developed that describes the pathways to, and prevention of, structural unemployment (SU) of less-skilled workers. Less-skilled workers must protect themselves from being “infected” by the diffusion of skill-biased technical change in the service sector. They must choose to become “vaccinated” with “injections” of human capital to reduce the probability of contracting the “disease” of (SU) and to avoid permanently working in de-skilled jobs. By making less-skilled workers more productive, one can simultaneously improve the distribution of education and training, health and income inequality while providing the government more tax revenue.
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Li, Wenjing, Xue Guo und Dan Cao. „The Complexity of Technological Innovation Decision-Making in Emerging Industries“. Complexity 2021 (30.07.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3611921.
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It is well known that innovation-driven emerging industries have gradually become the main driving force of global economic recovery and growth. Technological innovation decision-making is a complex and dynamic system, which is affected by various factors inside and outside an enterprise. In this dynamic system, how to make the optimal technological innovation investment decisions is a key concern for enterprises and governments. As an investment activity, technological innovation largely depends on the amount of external financing obtained by enterprises. However, financial constraints have increasingly become an obstacle to enterprises’ technological innovation. At the same time, technological innovation is also affected by the external political and economic environment, such as changes in economic policy, government subsidy policies, and institutional environmental policies. Can these external environments reduce the negative impact of financing constraints on technological innovation? In this study, based on the data of listed companies in China’s strategic emerging industries, we adopt a panel negative binomial regression model to investigate the complexity of technological innovation decision-making from the perspective of financing constraints. Our main findings include the following. First, financing constraints significantly inhibit the input and output of technological innovation in emerging industries. Second, the inhibition effect on the output of substantive innovations is more pronounced than that on the output of strategic innovations. Third, based on the analysis of enterprise heterogeneity in different dimensions, we show that this inhibition has a selective effect among different industries. Finally, we show that economic policy and marketization can help alleviate the inhibition effect of financing constraints on technological innovation.
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Ilieva, Rositsa, und Andreas Hernandez. „Scaling-Up Sustainable Development Initiatives: A Comparative Case Study of Agri-Food System Innovations in Brazil, New York, and Senegal“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 11 (06.11.2018): 4057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114057.
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To effectively address the sustainability crises our planet faces, decision-makers at different levels of government worldwide will have to get a handle on three key challenges: learning from Global North and South initiatives in tandem, taking stock of social innovations alongside technological fixes, and nurturing grassroots sustainable development initiatives next to, or in place of, top-down corporate and government interventions. Current scientific literature and grant-making institutions have often reinforced the compartmentalized fashion in which we learn and draw policy lessons from North/South, social/technical, and bottom-up/top-down sustainability initiatives, including local food system innovations. The strategic levers for global sustainable development lying in-between are thus left out. This paper uses exploratory, multiple case study analysis to address this omission. By concurrently drawing lessons from grassroots innovations in Brazil, New York, and Senegal—three profoundly different socioeconomic and geographic contexts—we identify common pressure points that have enabled local communities to drive system-wide transformations toward climate adaptation, resilience, and sustainability in the agri-food system. The findings of this paper would be of value to scholars, government officials, and community groups engaged in agri-food systems sustainability and interested in the processes of change that have allowed budding innovations to stabilize and scale up.
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Eremina, I. Yu, A. V. Chuprova und A. A. Sheshina. „The impact of adaptation and mobility of the human capital on development of innovative processes in the oil and gas companies“. Normirovanie i oplata truda v promyshlennosti (Rationing and remuneration of labor in industry), Nr. 2 (25.02.2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-3-2102-02.
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The article discusses the problem of the development of the intensity of innovation processes, namely the development of innovations and their implementation in all sectors of the economy in the context of increasing competition in the world arena. One of the key tools for ensuring economic growth and development of innovations is human capital, its intellectual capabilities based on knowledge and ideas. The main idea of the implementation of a technological breakthrough is revealed — the implementation of an effective state policy: financing and stimulating human capital; development of innovation, etc. Accordingly, the higher the volume of government spending in research and development, the higher the indicators of innovation activity and achievements in research and development
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Lacronique, J. F. „Technology in France“. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 4, Nr. 3 (Juli 1988): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300000349.
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AbstractThe author describes how France has attempted to reconcile its ethos of optimum health care for all with a belief in free enterprise, with increasing medical costs and complex technological innovations, and with a traditional distrust of widespread regulation. Effective oversight of the diffusion of technology is further hampered by the shared responsibilities of several government agencies. Although France has enacted a fee schedule for physicians, created national procedures for evaluating equipment, and exercised some control over hospitals, the general sentiment is anti-bureaucratic and third-party insurers will most likely play an important role in limiting the diffusion of technology in the future.
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Podkolzina, I. „The UK’s Government and Regulatory Policy Responses to Fintech“. World Economy and International Relations 65, Nr. 2 (2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-2-45-52.
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The financial landscape is being transformed by technological innovations. This trend can be observed clearly in the UK where fintech is developing within the context of the ongoing digitalization of the economy. This paper examines the role of the British government and regulatory authorities in sparking innovation to improve the way financial services are provided. At the conceptual level, fintech-specific policy presumes the existence of complex trade-offs between competition, market integrity, and financial stability. The special consideration is given to Open Banking initiative as a key driver of competition in financial services sector. By removing barriers to entry and grow for fintech firms the policy enablers try to solve the longstanding problems of financial exclusion. Particular attention is paid to key approaches to fintech regulation. The Financial Conduct Authority undertakes the constant review of regulatory perimeter as a means of mitigating risks to market integrity and ensuring consumer protection. The Bank of England is rethinking the notion of financial stability and reviewing the approaches to managing systemic risks. The paper regards the initiatives implemented by regulatory authorities to support innovator businesses as a way to ensure the world leading position of the UK’s financial sector. It is argued that the supportive government policy and progressive regulation are the overriding factors of fintech development in the UK.
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Vasileva, Elena. „Between Technology and Institutions: Features of Forming E-Government in Volgograd Region“. Logos et Praxis, Nr. 1 (Juni 2019): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.1.6.
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The author analyzes the processes of development of e-Government in the Volgograd region taking into account the transformation of global strategies for its evaluation and the increasing importance of participatory social interaction. The analysis is based on the data of sociological surveys of Volgograd residents, the results of a formal assessment of the information infrastructure of the regional e-Government, the synthesis of state statistics and statistics of the regional portal of state and municipal services conducted in 2015–2017. The structure of this research paper includes the justification of methodological guidelines for the study of local e-Government practices, description of the main stages, features and results of the introduction of e-Government technology in the Volgograd region, the analysis of institutional problems of its development. E-Government is considered in the context of three methodological postulates: the idea of e-Government as the best governance (e-Participation); the idea of e-Governance as a set of socio-managerial and technological innovations that ensure the benefits of informatization and digitalization for the public good; the idea of e-Government as a tool / mechanism for the development of e-Democracy and support for social initiatives and projects based on participatory interaction. Local e-Government practices are considered as management practices and actions; as decisions aimed at implementing social and technological innovations and emerging under the influence of global and national strategy; as the content of administrative policies of the executive authorities of the region and municipalities related to strategic and current management tasks. Depending on the management policy and the results of its implementation the author defines and distinguishes three stages in the development of regional e-Government and common features of the process. These features include: priority development of areas related to the formation of information infrastructure and electronic public and municipal services; mobilization type of implementation of social and managerial innovations; the prevalence of "vertical integration" over "horizontal contingence" and organizational and managerial decisions over strategic decisions. In general, the electronic government of the Volgograd region is "e-Government for the population", and "e-Government for business" is just beginning to form.
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Uwaga Monica Adanma und Emmanuel Olurotimi Ogunbiyi. „Assessing the economic and environmental impacts of renewable energy adoption across different global regions“. Engineering Science & Technology Journal 5, Nr. 5 (21.05.2024): 1767–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/estj.v5i5.1154.
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This study systematically reviews the economic and environmental impacts of renewable energy adoption across different global regions, aiming to elucidate the role of renewable energy in achieving sustainable development goals. Employing a methodology based on a systematic literature review and content analysis, the research draws on peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2024, sourced from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria targeted studies focusing on the economic benefits, environmental impacts, and the influence of government policies and technological innovations on renewable energy adoption. Exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and academic rigor of the literature reviewed. Key findings reveal that renewable energy adoption significantly contributes to job creation, energy price stabilization, and market dynamics, while also offering a pathway to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. The analysis underscores the critical role of government policies and international agreements in facilitating the transition to renewable energy, alongside the importance of technological innovations in overcoming current barriers to adoption. The study concludes that renewable energy is pivotal for sustainable development, suggesting strategic recommendations for enhancing global adoption. These include implementing supportive policies, fostering technological innovation, and enhancing international cooperation. Identifying gaps in current research, the study highlights the need for further investigation into the long-term socioeconomic impacts of renewable energy and the effectiveness of policy instruments. This research contributes to the discourse on renewable energy's potential to meet global energy demands sustainably and equitably. Keywords: Renewable Energy Adoption, Economic Impact, Environmental Impact, Government Policies.
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Harrison, Neil E. „Why Science and Technology Require Political Guidance to Sustain Development“. Politics and the Life Sciences 17, Nr. 2 (September 1998): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400012156.
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It is commonly hoped that technological innovation will sustain development and obviate the need for extensive socioeconomic change. Historically, free markets have increased the quantity of technological innovation, which has in turn enhanced economic growth. This article shows that market selection probably will not produce the technological innovation required to sustain development. Social structures and habitual practices also inhibit technological change, and market choices of technology could prevent ecologically efficient technological innovations. Only political direction of science and technology will optimize the contribution of technology to sustainable development. However, there is no theory or experience to act as a guide to policymaking. In addition, in the medium to long term, technology is indeterminate, selected by local process perturbations. This article suggests some policy directions for science and technology and argues that models borrowed from the life sciences may permit more effective government direction of the technology system.
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Kao, Nawata und Huang. „Systemic Functions Evaluation based Technological Innovation System for the Sustainability of IoT in the Manufacturing Industry“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 8 (18.04.2019): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082342.
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Technological innovations are regarded as the tools that can stimulate economic growth and the sustainable development of technology. In recent years, as technologies based on the internet of things (IoT) have rapidly developed, a number of applications based on IoT innovations have emerged and have been widely adopted by various public and private sectors. Applications of IoT in the manufacturing industry, such as manufacturing intelligence, not only play a significant role in the enhancement of industrial competitiveness and sustainability, but also influence the diffusion of innovative applications that are based on IoT innovations. It is crucial for policy makers to understand these potential reasons for stimulating IoT industrial sustainability, as they can facilitate industrial competitiveness and technological innovations using supportive means, such as government procurement and financial incentives. Therefore, there is a need to ascertain different factors that may affect IoT industrial sustainability and further explore the relationship between these factors. However, finding a set of factors that affects IoT industrial sustainability is not easy. Recently, the robustness of a theoretical framework, termed the technological innovation system (TIS), has been verified and has been used to explore and analyze technological and industrial development. Thus, it is suitable for this research to use this theoretical model. In order to find out appropriate factors and accurately analyze the causality among factors that influence IoT industrial sustainability, this research presents a Bayesian rough Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model based on TIS functions by integrating random forest (RF), decision making trial and evaluation (DEMATEL), Bayesian theory, and rough interval numbers. The proposed analytical framework is validated by an empirical case of defining the causality between TIS functions to enable the industrial sustainability of IoT in the Taiwanese smart manufacturing industry. Based on the empirical study results, the cause group consists of entrepreneurial activities, knowledge development, market formation, and resource mobilization. The effect group is composed of knowledge diffusion through networks’ guidance of the search, and creation of legitimacy. Moreover, the analytical results also provide several policy suggestions promoting IoT industrial sustainability that can serve as the basis for defining innovation policy tools for Taiwan and late coming economies.
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Samsonova, V. G. „South Korean Science and Technology Policy“. Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, Nr. 4 (30.08.2021): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-4-7.
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The article analyzes the policy of South Korea in the field of science and technology, examines the main trends of the ROK’s science development, current state, key problems and prospects of the industry. The characteristics of the state scientific and technological policy and its main actors are presented. It is stated that at the beginning South Korea abundantly used adopt experience, foreign technologies and successfully got accepted them in production. The ROK succeeded to hold leading positions in the world innovation ratings through smart patent activity, essential investment and government policy. At the same time, the author predicts the necessity of tremendous efforts, includes but not limited to fi ancial injection for maintaining such high figure. The issue of not only human resources’ import but also keeping of South Korean skilled labor, the demand and competition for whom are ramping up dramatically, has still unresolved. The article focuses on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the scientific policy and the development of innovations in the fight against such pandemics. It was revealed that research in the field of biotechnology and establishment of “smart” health care centers based on the innovations become a priority of science policy. It was noted that South Korea one of the first reaps the benefits of IT solution, which helps to prevent economics collapse and further viral shedding through the rapid digital technics’ implementing.
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Nurlukman, Adie Dwiyanto. „e-Procurement: Inovasi Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan dalam Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Berbasis e-Government di Indonesia“. Journal of Government and Civil Society 1, Nr. 1 (22.02.2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v1i1.264.
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Utilization of technological developments for improving the quality of public services needs to be done in an effort to create transparent, accountable, quick, and appropriate governance. e-Procurement policy is one of technology utilization innovations in the effort to improve the public procurement that have been prone to corruption. This paper tries to analyze the efforts to optimize innovation in the implementation of government procurement of goods and services through e-Procurement in Indonesia that has been running for about a decade. Based on the results of the research, there needs to be good integration and collaboration between procurement policies, stakeholders involved, and the role of the Procurement Services Unit (ULP) to achieve optimization in the implementation of government procurement policies through e-Procurement.Keyword: Public Procurement, Government Innovation, e-Procurement
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Liu, Yufeng. „The Development of China's New Energy Battery and Automotive Industry“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 90 (08.04.2024): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/atspk696.
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This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the development of China's new energy battery and automotive industry, focusing on the transition from traditional vehicles to new energy vehicles (NEVs) due to global energy restructuring and environmental concerns. The Chinese government's significant policy support for NEVs and related power battery sectors is highlighted, emphasizing their role in reducing carbon emissions and promoting environmental conservation. The paper traces the evolution of China's new energy battery and automobile industry, characterized by rapid technological progress and strategic national support. It examines various battery technologies, including lead-acid, nickel-based, and lithium-ion batteries, each with unique benefits and challenges. Lithium-ion batteries, despite their high cost and safety concerns, are preferred for their superior energy density and cycle life. The current development status of the industry is discussed, addressing rapid growth, technological innovations, and challenges such as battery inconsistency, safety, and recycling. The paper emphasizes the significance of technological advancements in power batteries, drive motors, and NEV system configurations. Looking to the future, the paper anticipates continued growth in China's NEV and power battery sector, driven by technological innovations, policy support, and alignment with China's dual-carbon strategy. Challenges such as cost control, safety, and battery recycling are recognized as critical areas for future development. In conclusion, the paper asserts that while China's new energy battery and automobile industry is poised for significant growth, it faces multifaceted challenges that require collaborative efforts from the government, industry, and research bodies to ensure sustainable and safe advancement.
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Pereira, Letícia Souza. „Analyzing the Impact of Technological Innovations on Smallholder Farmers Within Ivory Coast’s Cocoa Supply Chain“. Law and Economy 3, Nr. 3 (März 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/le.2024.03.01.
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The integration of technology in Ivory Coast’s cocoa sector offers a transformative potential to enhance agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and the socio-economic well-being of smallholder farmers. This paper explores the impact of technological innovations, such as precision agriculture, improved cocoa varieties, mobile market platforms, and sustainable farming practices, on cocoa farming in Ivory Coast. Through case studies and analyses, the research highlights the benefits of technology in increasing yields, improving market access, and promoting sustainable cultivation methods. However, challenges such as accessibility, affordability, and the digital divide persist, necessitating comprehensive policy support, investments in infrastructure, and educational programs to ensure equitable benefits. The collaborative efforts of stakeholders, including the government, private sector, and international organizations, are crucial in creating an enabling environment for the adoption of technology in cocoa farming. This paper concludes that embracing technological advancements, while addressing existing barriers, is pivotal for the future sustainability and prosperity of Ivory Coast’s cocoa sector.
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RATNASINGAM, Jegatheswaran, Lim Tau WAI, Ganesh THANASEGARAN, Florin IORAS, Cristina VACALIE, Claudiu COMAN und Lu WENMING. „Innovations in the Forest Products Industry: The Malaysian Experience“. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41, Nr. 2 (06.12.2013): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4129339.
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The forest products industry is an important socioeconomic sector to many developing countries, both in terms of foreign exchange earnings and employment. In the case of Malaysia, the industry has been one of the fastest growing manufacturing sectors in the country, driven primarily by comparative advantages derived from factor inputs. However, with increasing competition from other cheaper producing nations particularly China and Vietnam, the Malaysian forest products industry is forced to transform and move along the value-chain through innovation and value-addition. Although the government has played a pivotal role in providing a broad policy framework to support value-adding and innovative activities, success on the ground has been limited. The creativity environment, which is plagued with by low-wage economy, coupled with limited network between research, market and industrial enterprises have stifled innovation within the industry. The lack of information and the poor quality human capital has also contributed to the limited innovation within the forest products industry in the country. Against this background, most innovation within the industry is confined to the realms of alternative raw materials, with minimal technological and design variations. Although extensive research and development activities are undertaken, the commercialization potential of the research outputs is limited due to being not market-driven. Inevitably, innovation in the forest products sector must be based on market-needs and must be driven through technological and design change in order to ensure long-term competitiveness.
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Dong, Hanghang, und Miaomiao Tao. „The policy effect of green finance reform and innovations: Empirical evidence at the firm level“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 12 (01.12.2022): e0278128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278128.
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The Chinese central government established eight pilot zones in five provinces for green finance reform and innovations (GFRI) in 2017. The pilot zones promote green finance development and explore the propagable and reproducible experiences regarding mechanisms and institutions. Adopting a sample of China’s listed companies from 2012 to 2021, this paper constructed a quasi-natural experiment and investigated the GFRI policy’s effect on firms’ total factor productivity (TFP) using the difference-in-differences (DID) method to verify the implementation effect of the GFRI policy. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis and mechanism analysis were conducted to identify the guidance effect and deep mechanisms of the GFRI policy. The empirical results demonstrated that firms’ TFP in pilot zones increased substantially after implementing the GFRI pilot policy, confirming that the policy had a strong incentive effect. The corresponding promoting effect was particularly significant for non-state-owned companies, the eastern and central regions, and firms in the growth stage. Further mechanism analysis revealed that the GFRI pilot policy can stimulated firms’ TFP by promoting technological innovation and improving resource allocation efficiency. This paper’s empirical findings are essential in improving relevant policies and expanding the pilot zones.
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Subiyanto, Miranti Budi Kusumawati, Sri Wijayanti und Unik Setiawati. „Planning Commercialization of Mobile Laboratory Product Technology Innovation Using Business Model Canvas“. Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 16, Nr. 2 (30.08.2022): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v16i2.5300.
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A premise states that the success of product technology innovation determines the economic growth of a country. On the other hand, commercialization of product technology innovations has low success, and one of the reasons is the lack of careful planning. One of the national product technology innovations designed as a solution to controlling the spread of COVID-19 is a mobile laboratory (Mobile Laboratory Bio-Safety Level 2/MBSL-2) which was initiated by BPPT in early 2020. This study discusses the concept of planning the commercialization of product technology innovations. MBSL-2 uses the Business Model Canvas (BMC), with the intention that the results can be used as an innovation planning policy instrument, especially in government research institutions. Nine BMC elements are elaborated, namely customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, and cost structure. The results of the discussion show how BMC works in a systematic, structured, and measurable way so that it can explain the arguments and objectives for each element of the business process, as well as the harmonization of business strategy with technology strategy. The BMC display is simple but contains important business aspects, making it easier for all parties to understand the business concept of product technology innovation. This study recommends the use of BMC as a complete product technology innovation planning instrument for engineers in government research institutions. Keyword: Technological product, mobile laboratory, commercialization of product innovations, business model.
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Johnson, Loch K. „The Spy Power, Technological Innovations, and the Human Dimensions of Intelligence: Recent Presidential Abuse of America’s Secret Agencies“. Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 3, Nr. 3 (31.01.2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v3i3.2495.
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The purpose of national security intelligence is to provide policy officials with an advantage in the making of effective policy, based on the collection and analysis of accurate information from around the world that can help to illuminate a decision. Foreknowledge is invaluable in the service of a nation’s security; and, in the gathering of useful information, technological innovations in the world of intelligence can result in a stronger shield to protect citizens against the many dangers that lurk across the continents in this uncertain and hostile world. Despite all the marvels of modern espionage tradecraft, the governments that rely on them must still deal with the human side of intelligence activities. Unfortunately, arrogance, shortsightedness, laziness, frenetic schedules, and the corrosive influences of power (among other flaws) often lead policy officials to ignore or warp the advantages they could accrue from advanced intelligence spycraft, if they would only use these sources and methods properly. This article examines some of the problems that imperfect human behavior has created for intelligence in the United States at the highest levels of government over the past two decades.
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Sachani, Dipakkumar Kanubhai, und Sai Charan Reddy Vennapusa. „Destination Marketing Strategies: Promoting Southeast Asia as a Premier Tourism Hub“. ABC Journal of Advanced Research 6, Nr. 2 (25.09.2017): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/abcjar.v6i2.746.
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This study explores destination marketing strategies to promote Southeast Asia as a premier tourism hub. The study's main objectives are to analyze the effectiveness of current marketing approaches, identify challenges and opportunities in tourism promotion, and propose policy implications for sustainable tourism development. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, including academic research, industry reports, and government publications, to examine trends, best practices, and case studies in destination marketing. Significant findings highlight the region's cultural diversity, environmental sustainability concerns, collaborative partnerships, and technological innovations as critical factors influencing tourism promotion. Policy implications underscore the importance of infrastructure development, environmental conservation, political stability, and digital transformation in fostering tourism growth and competitiveness. By addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities, Southeast Asia can enhance its attractiveness as a premier tourism destination and stimulate economic development.
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Tsado, Lucy, Abiodun Raufu, Emmanuel Ben-Edet und Doris Krakrafaa-Bestman. „Combatting the Threat of Cybercrime in Nigeria: Examining Current Laws and Policies“. Journal of Applied And Theoretical Social Sciences 5, Nr. 4 (29.12.2023): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37241/jatss.2023.100.
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Cybercrime has been a major global criminological challenge in recent years. Regarded as one of the epicenters of international Internet fraud, Nigeria is gaining notoriety as a cybercrime hotbed. With the continuing advancement in technological innovations and the growth of terrorism in Nigeria, cyberattacks are also a continuing threat. Efforts to tackle the threat of cybercrime have mainly been ineffective. Even though the Nigerian government has introduced measures to tackle the danger posed by cybercrime to economic and social growth, the piecemeal approach it has used in the past has yielded no tangible results. In this paper, we argue that cybercrime cannot be confronted by the Nigerian government alone without a comprehensive, holistic approach, including international cooperation. We examined the various strategies employed by the Nigerian government to curb cybercrime and why cyber criminality has been a malignant tumor that has refused to subside. We also outline some policy measures and recommendations
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Chissom, Daniel. „Post-Pandemic Trends in the Hospitality Industry“. Journal of Modern Hospitality 3, Nr. 3 (05.06.2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jmh.1961.
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Purpose: The general objective of this study was to explore post-pandemic trends in the hospitality trends. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the post-pandemic trends in the hospitality trends. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic brought significant, lasting changes, with technology playing a crucial role in recovery through the adoption of contactless services. The shift towards domestic tourism and staycations provided a boost, supported by targeted local tourism campaigns. Sustainability emerged as a vital trend, with eco-friendly practices leading to higher occupancy rates and guest satisfaction. Flexibility in booking and cancellation policies restored traveler confidence, with adaptable and transparent communication being key to maintaining customer trust and loyalty. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Resource- Based View (RBV) and Expectancy Theory may be used to anchor future studies on post-pandemic trends in the hospitality trends. The study recommended several key areas for advancement. It emphasized the need for further research on the long-term impacts of technological innovations, suggesting that theories like the Diffusion of Innovations Theory be expanded to incorporate the effects of global crises. Practically, it advised sustained investment in digital infrastructure and training for staff to maximize the benefits of contactless technologies. Policy recommendations included government support for technological adoption, promotion of domestic tourism, and the prioritization of sustainability through green practices and supportive policies. Additionally, the study underscored the importance of maintaining flexible booking and cancellation policies to enhance traveler confidence and loyalty Keywords: Post-Pandemic Trends, Hospitality Industry, Technological Innovations, Contactless Technologies, Digital Infrastructure
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Carson, Byron. „Firm-Led Malaria Prevention in the United States, 1910-1920“. American Journal of Law & Medicine 42, Nr. 2-3 (Mai 2016): 310–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858816658271.
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In the absence of capable government services, a railroad company in Texas and multiple cotton mills in North Carolina successfully prevented malaria in the early twentieth century. This Article looks through the lens of economics to understand how and why people had the incentive to privately coordinate malaria prevention during this time, but not after. These firms, motivated by increases in productivity and profit, implemented extensive anti-malaria programs and used their hierarchical organizational structures to monitor performance. The factors underlying the decline of private prevention include a fall in the overall rate of malaria, the increasing presence of the federal government, and technological innovations that lowered exposure to mosquitoes. Understanding how, why, and when firms can prevent diseases has important implications for current disease policy, especially where governments, international organizations, and technologies are not enough.
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Waskitojati, Damar, Daniel Kameo und Pamerdi G. Wiloso. „CHALLENGES TO THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY WITHIN A SUBSISTENCE SOCIETY : AN ANALYSIS OF THE “REVOLUTIONARY AGRICULTURAL POLICY” IN SOUTH WESTERN SUMBA“. Agric 31, Nr. 2 (20.01.2020): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2019.v31.i2.p158-175.
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Employing a qualitative approach, this study attempts a critical investigation into the Kebijakan Revolusi Pertanian, ie. The Revolutionary Agricultural Policy, as it was developed by the Regional Government of South-western Sumba. During the years 2014-2019 it aimed to raise the agricultural economy, and thereby overcome the problem of poverty. The data for this research was procured through personal observation and deep interviews with sources such as key informants within the regional environment. These were reinforced with a number of planning documents and executive programs which comprise a secondary resource. The analysis of the Policy is done taking into account the relevant political, economic, technological and social aspects (PETS analysis), as well the innovations occurring during the course of this Policy. This study will demonstrate that the Policy has been, at least till now, incapable of having a significant impact on the agricultural economy, or the efforts to overcome poverty. The causes of this failure is the antagonism between the characteristics of the subsistence society found there and the weak institutional application of the policies employed.
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Ivanova, N. „Innovation Policy: Theory and Practice“. World Economy and International Relations 60, Nr. 1 (2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-1-5-16.
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It is a well-established tradition of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO) to study the world’s major social and economic trends while taking into full account the most actual problems of Russia. In 2000s the government announces the course on innovative modernization as the basis for the long-term development strategy of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, the task of monitoring and application of the world experience of regulating this sphere took a priority place among the directions of the Institute’s research activities. The previous article published by ““World Economy and International Relations” Journal in 2006 in connection with the 50-anniversary of IMEMO exposed the principal stages of the examination of the economic aspects of scientific and technological progress (NTP). The IMEMO researchers proposed a radical change in the conceptual approach to respective studies – from NTP to innovations. This ensured a new and highly productive vision of the science, the technology trends and the innovative entrepreneurship within the concept of national innovation systems (NIS). This article is a continuation of the topic while summarizing the results of theoretical and applied research conducted by the team of the Department of Science and Innovation of the IMEMO in the past 10 years during 2005-2015.
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Elizabeth, Roosganda. „PEMBERDAYAAN SDM PETANI DAN AKSELERASI TEKNOLOGI INOVATIF MEWUJUDKAN KECUKUPAN DAN PERTAHANAN PANGAN BERDAYASAING PASCA PANDEMI COVID19“. Mimbar Agribisnis : Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis 9, Nr. 1 (31.01.2023): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ma.v9i1.9060.
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Food is the most basic needs of human life. The quality and adequacy are an important role in determining the quality, the level of intelligence of human resources. The increase rice production program, in sufficient quantities and at reasonable prices remains the top priority objectives and national agricultural development. With qualitative description methods, this paper aims to review and present various levels of technology application, the level of technical efficiency, and profitability of rice farming in the various agro-ecosystems. Agriculture as nationally and regionally, still important role and occupy a strategic place and remains a major priority development policy program is contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Therefore, providing the necessary strategy and information technology as needed, the existence of adequate operational policies, support the functioning of the various institutions (research, extension, marketing), as well as government policy support a more focused and aligned to accelerate the achievement of specific technological innovation. acceleration of the application of technological innovation, improvement of national rice products and productivity, can be pursued through: increasing productivity/optimizing the potential of agricultural resources; increasing planted area and land management; support for production facilities and capital; guarantee of grain prices, selling prices and marketing of grain and rice that provide production incentives; decrease in rice consumption; improvement of management, technical, data and information; and increasing the role and capacity of related institutions. Adequate operational policy tools are needed, the functioning of various supporting institutions (research, counseling, marketing), as well as government policy support that is more focused and impartial to accelerate the achievement of location-specific technological innovations. It is necessary to evaluate agricultural development policies from the aspect of food institutions, so that strategies and efforts to accurately formulate policies in support of increasing national rice production in the future.
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Zaloznova, Yuliya, und Viktoriia Chekina. „Theoretical principles of financial and economic stimulation of the development of smart industry“. Economy of Industry 4, Nr. 104 (05.12.2023): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2023.04.047.
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The article examines the research of scientists on the development of a new industrial policy and analyzes papers devoted to assessing financial and economic incentives for the development of new technologies, innovations, smart industry and Industry 4.0. The intervention of state industrial policy in cases where the market fails to allocate resources effectively is analyzed, and the relevance of industrial policy is substantiated by economists and political leaders of the leading countries of the world. The theoretical foundations of the state innovation policy are defined, which is the link between the policy of scientific and technological progress and industrial policy aimed at developing principles for supporting the bringing of ideas and innovations to the market. It has been established that the widely used traditional instruments of innovation policy are government support for research organizations, primarily state universities and scientific institutes. Other common tools for financial and economic stimulation of industry are competitive funding of research (both fundamental and applied), fiscal preferences (tax incentives and subsidies) for R&D by industrial enterprises, and government support for technology transfer. Foreign studies of the theoretical aspects of financial and economic stimulation of development are systematized and grouped into the following areas: justification of state support for research organizations and competitive financing of scientific projects, assessment of the effectiveness of the use of fiscal preferences for R&D, analysis of the impact of state support in the process of technology transfer for the development of smart industry and stimulating the development and commercialization of innovations (patent box mode). An example is given of one of the areas of modern research into financial support for stimulating a particular industry – fiscal preferences for the production and sales of electric vehicles and charging stations. It has been established that financial and economic incentives for the development of new technologies and their implementation in the smart industry have a positive impact on the development of start-ups, innovation activities, the development of new products, an increase in the number of patents, additional output volumes, growth in investment and employment. It would be advisable to focus further research on analyzing the experience of foreign countries in stimulating the development of smart industry with the help of financial instruments (including fiscal instruments).
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Hossain, Sk Tahsin, Tan Yigitcanlar, Kien Nguyen und Yue Xu. „Local Government Cybersecurity Landscape: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 13 (25.06.2024): 5501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135501.
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Local governments face critical challenges in the era of digital transformation, balancing the responsibility of safeguarding resident information and administrative documents while maintaining data integrity and public trust. These responsibilities become even more critical as they transition into smart cities adopting advanced technological innovations to revolutionize governance, enhance service delivery, and foster sustainable and resilient urban environments. Technological advancements like Internet-of-Things devices and artificial intelligence-driven approaches can provide better services to residents, but they also expose local governments to cyberthreats. There has been, nonetheless, very little study on cybersecurity issues from the local government perspective, and information on the multifaceted nature of cybersecurity in local government settings is scattered and fragmented, highlighting the need for a conceptual understanding and adequate action. Against this backdrop, this study aims to identify key components of cybersecurity in a local governmental context through a systematic literature review. This review further extends to the development of a conceptual framework providing a comprehensive understanding of the local government’s cybersecurity landscape. This study makes a significant contribution to the academic and professional domains of cybersecurity issues and policies within the local governmental context, offering valuable insights to local decision-makers, practitioners, and academics. This study also helps identify vulnerabilities, enabling stakeholders to recognize shortcomings in their cybersecurity and implement effective countermeasures to safeguard confidential information and documents. Thus, the findings inform local government policy to become more cybersecurity-aware and prepared.
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Riswantini, Dianadewi, Ekasari Nugraheni, Andria Arisal, Purnomo Husnul Khotimah, Devi Munandar und Wiwin Suwarningsih. „Big Data Research in Fighting COVID-19: Contributions and Techniques“. Big Data and Cognitive Computing 5, Nr. 3 (12.07.2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc5030030.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has induced many problems in various sectors of human life. After more than one year of the pandemic, many studies have been conducted to discover various technological innovations and applications to combat the virus that has claimed many lives. The use of Big Data technology to mitigate the threats of the pandemic has been accelerated. Therefore, this survey aims to explore Big Data technology research in fighting the pandemic. Furthermore, the relevance of Big Data technology was analyzed while technological contributions to five main areas were highlighted. These include healthcare, social life, government policy, business and management, and the environment. The analytical techniques of machine learning, deep learning, statistics, and mathematics were discussed to solve issues regarding the pandemic. The data sources used in previous studies were also presented and they consist of government officials, institutional service, IoT generated, online media, and open data. Therefore, this study presents the role of Big Data technologies in enhancing the research relative to COVID-19 and provides insights into the current state of knowledge within the domain and references for further development or starting new studies are provided.
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Noviyanti, Shobihatul Fitroh, Zahrotul Jamilah und Slamet Slamet. „The Failure Of The Ministry Of Education And Culture (Kemendikbud) To Implement Educational Policies Related To Digital Literacy In The School Literacy Movement (SLM)“. Ar-Rosikhun: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 3, Nr. 3 (15.07.2024): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/rosikhun.v3i3.27092.
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Technological progress certainly requires that various fields can adapt to technology, especially in the field of education. Various innovations continue to be made by the government to improve the technology-based education system. The government policy, namely the School Literacy Movement (SLM), contains one of its components: digital literacy. This is one form of the education government's response to technological advances and making use of them. However, the implementation could be more optimal because the use of technology in this school should be carried out as it should. This research was conducted using library research, namely by collecting various articles by reading, taking notes, and managing various sources. The results of this study indicate that hoax news is still being spread. Namely, the information obtained needs to be filtered first. This, of course, also occurs because technology facilitates access to various information. Student delinquency in digital use is also a form of failure, and many students still abuse the use of technology. Because the information obtained is absorbed raw and the existing technology needs to be used properly, this also causes digital-based learning to be ineffective.
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Anjana, Anjana, Siran Mukerji und Purnendu Tripathi. „Prospects of Agriculture as a Lifelong Livelihood Option for Young Indian Rural Population“. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.287886.
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There is a huge untapped reservoir of employment opportunities in agriculture which requires cultivating the young generation of farmers, food entrepreneurs, etc. Due to agricultural innovations made at the global and national level, the young population can leverage technology, leading to increase in productivity, efficiency and output and addressing the issue of food security. For promoting employment for youths in agriculture and making farming a remunerative economic activity, initiatives have been taken by FAO and by Government of India. The present study focuses on demographic profile of the youth, explores agriculture as an economically viable livelihood option for the youth and highlights the Indian Government policy measures and technological interventions for making agriculture an attractive employment option; discusses the initiatives taken by FAO for promotion of employment in agriculture and finally paper concludes by examining the role of rural youth in addressing the challenge of food security at the national level.
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Kraus, K. M., N. M. Kraus und O. V. Marchenko. „Formation of Industry X.0 on the Basis of Innovative-Digital Entrepreneurship and Virtual Mobility“. Business Inform 6, Nr. 521 (2021): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-6-50-58.
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The article attempts to present a number of key technologies that determine the new quality of life of people. The following content is specified and disclosed: autonomous artificial intelligence in a smartphone, professional robot assistants, available satellite intelligence, podcasts, digital urban planning tools. In the article, the authors hypothesize that Industry X.0 is by far the highest stage of digitalization and represents a concept of innovative and digital production, the components of which are «smart assets», «smart services», «smart business», and «smart government». Structural elements of the authors’ concept of X.0 Industry are indicated, its visual cut in virtual reality conditions is provided and the functioning of this Industry exclusively within the framework of the 7th technological mode is characterized. The authors have developed and presented the protocol of formation of the X.0 Industry through the prism of innovations, technologies in both the industry sector and business management. 4 stages of implementation of this protocol are defined, namely: determination of the innovative landscape of «technological breakthrough» in a particular industry within the formation of industry X.0; assessment of threats; determining the course of further development and the action plan (four main approaches to which organizations can apply: protection, adoption of innovations, initiation of subversive innovations, retreat); implementation of structural changes at the DNA level of the organization. The authors on the basis of a number of factors bring forward the argument that today’s realities of the digital space require the development of a new logic of running a platform business in terms of its digitization. It is concluded that in practice it is necessary to form a broad coalition of educators, government officials, analysts, high-tech specialists, economists, industrialists, scientists who will join the formation of the X.0 Industry on the basis of digitalization and innovatizing. The authors concluded that Industry X.0 is a new approach to the organization of production in the context of virtual reality, which is based on highly intelligent integrated new products and digital ecosystems that form an innovative digital value chain, add new competencies and implement deep cultural changes in the direction of the formation of a new virtual reality.
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Li, Chunxiao, Jingjing Xu und Luxiaohe Zhang. „Can Emissions Trading System Aid Industrial Structure Upgrading?—A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on 249 Prefecture-Level Cities in China“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 17 (23.08.2022): 10471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710471.
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Emissions trading system (ETS) is a market-based policy tool that essentially provides economic compensation for corporate environmental measures. The Chinese government implemented pilot emissions trading in 2007. In order to evaluate the effect of the policy, we conducted a quasi-natural experiment to collect the data of 249 prefecture-level cities in China from 2001 to 2020 and applied the difference-in-difference method to explore the impact of ETS on regional industrial structure. The results show that the implementation of ETS can promote the upgrading of regional industrial structure but can hinder the rationalization of the upgrading. The results of regional heterogeneity regression suggest that the effects of ETS pilots on industrial structure upgrading in three regions of China are significantly different, with the strongest one being the western region, followed by the central and eastern regions. Finally, we put forward some policy proposals in terms of technological innovations, implementation of ETS in different regions and ETS improvement.
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Wanaswa, Perpetua S., Zachary B. Awino, Martin Ogutu und Joseph Owino. „Technological Innovation and Competitive Advantage: Empirical Evidence from Large Telecommunication Firms“. International Journal of Business and Management 16, Nr. 10 (05.08.2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v16n10p21.
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Empirical research demonstrating the influence of technological innovation on competitive advantage has produced inconclusive results. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate the association amidst technological innovations and competitive advantage. Significant transformations have been evident in Kenya’s telecommunication industry for the last two decades, which has resulted in intense competition, and technological innovation has become the new face of competition among firms. The study applied the positivism philosophy and adopted the descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The target population comprised all 83 large licensed telecommunications service providers where census method was used. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized in the analysis of data. Descriptive statistics comprised of frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations while inferential statistics used linear regression analysis which was employed in testing the hypothesis. Findings reveal a significant and positive influence of technological innovation on competitive advantage. Technological innovation explained the variations in competitive advantage. It is deduced from the findings that more technologically innovative telecommunication firms are likely to produce better products and services and consequently able to acquire more customers earning competitive advantage compared to less innovative telecommunication firms. The study presented notable implications on the policy framework, the strategic management practice, and theory implications in the telecommunication industry and beyond. At policy level, the Government of Kenya would benefit from the study by ensuring that policy makers and regulatory authorities in the telecommunication sector formulate policies that would promote technological innovation for enhancing competitive advantage. Managerial practitioners may consider institutionalizing innovation by creating the requisite direction and controls that enable the emergence of innovation and value creation for sustainable competitive advantage. The study findings’ implications further extended, supported, and added value on the theory adopted by the study.
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Adetomi Adewumi, Favour Oluwadamilare Usman, Chinelo Emilia Okoli und Kehinde Andrew Olu-lawal. „Solar energy innovations in the USA: A comparative global review“. International Journal of Science and Research Archive 11, Nr. 1 (28.02.2024): 1528–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0246.
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This comparative global review delves into solar energy innovations in the United States, providing insights into the nation's advancements and positioning within the international landscape. The United States has emerged as a key player in the field of solar energy, characterized by rapid technological innovations, policy initiatives, and substantial investments. By comparing these developments with global trends, the study aims to shed light on the unique characteristics and impacts of solar energy innovations in the USA. The review begins by examining the historical evolution of solar energy technologies in the United States, highlighting key milestones and breakthroughs. Subsequently, it explores the policy frameworks and regulatory measures that have shaped the growth of the solar energy sector, drawing comparisons with strategies adopted by other leading nations. The study delves into financial incentives, government support, and the role of private-sector initiatives in fostering a conducive environment for solar innovation. A critical aspect of the review is the comparative analysis of solar energy adoption rates, capacity additions, and grid integration strategies across various countries. By benchmarking the USA's solar energy landscape against global benchmarks, the study aims to identify best practices, challenges, and opportunities for further advancements. The review also considers the socio-economic and environmental impacts of solar energy innovations in the USA, assessing job creation, economic growth, and carbon emissions reductions. Comparative case studies with other nations provide a comprehensive understanding of the broader implications of solar energy adoption on a global scale. As solar energy continues to gain prominence as a sustainable and scalable solution, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse by providing a nuanced perspective on the unique trajectory of solar innovations in the USA. The findings aim to inform policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders, offering valuable insights for the continued growth and optimization of solar energy technologies in both domestic and global contexts.
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Agarwala, Carthy, Jemaneh Jemaneh und Youngs Kassie. „Government Policies and Sustainable Food Systems: Navigating Challenges, Seizing Opportunities, and Advancing Environmental and Social Resilience“. Law and Economics 16, Nr. 2 (30.06.2022): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/laweco.v16i2.53.
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This research delves into the intricate landscape of government policies shaping sustainable food systems, with a focus on addressing food security challenges and fostering environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Through a comprehensive analysis of global and regional contexts, the study elucidates the multifaceted challenges governments face, ranging from climate variability and globalization pressures to social inequities and policy implementation gaps. However, amidst these challenges, the research identifies compelling opportunities for improvement and innovation. Technological advancements, such as precision agriculture and biotechnological innovations, emerge as transformative tools for enhancing agricultural practices and environmental resilience. Climate-smart agriculture, sustainable supply chains, and policy coherence represent pathways toward reconfiguring global trade dynamics and building more resilient food systems. The research also underscores the crucial role of education, capacity building, and international collaboration in fostering sustainable practices. It advocates for whole-of-government approaches, incentive structures, and public awareness campaigns to drive transformative change in both production and consumption patterns. The findings of this research carry significant implications for policy development, emphasizing the need for integrated, adaptive, and collaborative approaches. The abstract encapsulates the essence of a call to action-a call for governments, researchers, and stakeholders to collectively shape a future where sustainable, equitable, and resilient food systems nourish communities and safeguard the health of the planet