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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Technique Bronzees"
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Miller, Allison R. „Painting Bronze in Early China“. Archives of Asian Art 72, Nr. 1 (01.04.2022): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00666637-9577685.
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Abstract Scholars of Greek and Roman art have long recognized that many sculptures that today appear unpainted were originally covered in bright, polychrome paint. In contrast, the hallowed works of China's classical antiquity, the bronzes, are generally believed to have been monochrome works. In recent years, however, many varieties of bronzes have been unearthed with polychrome ornamentation including sacrificial vessels, figural sculptures, mirrors, lamps, weapons, and personal ornaments. This article summarizes and interprets the current evidence for painting on early Chinese bronze artifacts based on recent archaeological discoveries and on newer advances in technical analysis. In particular, I show that the practice of applying paint to bronzes goes far beyond embedding pigment into the intaglio channels of bronzes such as occurred during the Shang and Western Zhou eras. I also demonstrate that especially in the Warring States and early imperial periods, painted coloration on bronzes took off in diversely rich and compelling ways. This article highlights the various modes and techniques of painting bronze in early China, and offers several hypotheses as to why such polychrome ornamentation was desirable in early China, reconciling those motives with our quite different modern sensibilities.
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Kapitanović, Angela, und Helena Otmačić Ćurković. „The Effect of Corrosion Conditions on Aging of Artificial Patina on Three Bronzes“. Coatings 12, Nr. 7 (01.07.2022): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070936.
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The new bronze objects of art are almost always patinated before their exposure outdoors or indoors. Among the many patination methods used by practitioners, sulphide patination is one of the most common techniques. The aim of this work is to examine the corrosion behaviour of sulphide patinated bronzes under various aging conditions, including continuous immersion in simulated urban rain, alternating wet/dry cycles, and exposure to corrosion chamber with NO2 gas. The study was conducted on three types of bronzes with varying tin content. Corrosion characterisation of patinated bronze samples was performed by the means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization measurements. Chemical composition and morphology of sulphide patinated bronze surface was examined by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Obtained results show that freshly patinated bronze surfaces exhibit low corrosion resistance that gradually improves over time. An increase in corrosion resistance strongly depends on aging conditions, and it appears to be the highest under continuous immersion conditions.
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Geniş, Evren Y., und Thomas Zimmermann. „Early Bronze Age metalwork in Central Anatolia – An archaeometric view from the hamlet“. Praehistorische Zeitschrift 89, Nr. 2 (30.06.2014): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2014-0019.
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Zusammenfassung: Folgender Beitrag diskutiert die Ergebnisse von an Metallfunden der frühbronzezeitlichen Nekropole Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe in Zentralanatolien vorgenommenen Spektralanalysen. Da archäometrische Daten für Zentralanatolien im 3. Jahrtausend immer noch lückenhaft sind und bevorzugt Fundkomplexe früher Zentralorte berücksichtigt, Assemblagen aus dörflichen Ansiedlung jedoch bislang weitgehend unerschlossen sind, ist diese Studie in erster Linie als dringend benötigte Verbreiterung der Quellenbasis zu verstehen. Arsen-Kupferlegierungen bestehen neben „echten“ Bronzen (Kupfer-Zinn), Kontaminationen wie Nickel mögen Rückschlüsse auf bestimmte Lagerstätten zulassen. Die erzielten Resultate ergeben somit einen guten Einblick in Metallverwendung und Legierungstraditionen einer Kleinsiedlung in der jüngeren anatolischen Frühbronzezeit Résumé: L’article ci-dessous présente les résultats d’analyses spectroscopiques menées sur un ensemble d’objets de l’âge du Bronze Ancien provenant de la nécropole de Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe en Anatolie centrale. Vu que les données archéométriques concernant le 3e millénaire av. J.-C. en Anatolie centrale sont encore fort rares, qu’elles proviennent surtout de grands centres occupés précédemment et que les ensembles provenant d’établissements ruraux n’ont presque pas fait l’objet de recherches, l’intention primaire de l’étude que nous présentons ici est d’attirer l’attention sur les données qui sont à notre disposition. Les alliages de cuivre et d’arsenic existent à côté de ‘vrais’ bronzes (alliages de cuivre et d’étain), et la contamination, par exemple par le nickel, peut fournir de nombreux indices sur la présence de dépôts spécifiques. Les résultats permettent de se faire une bonne idée de l’emploi des métaux et des techniques traditionnelles d’alliage utilisés dans un habitat mineur d’Anatolie vers la fin de l’âge du Bronze Ancien. Abstract: The following contribution discusses the results of spectroscopic analyses carried out on metal artefacts from the Early Bronze Age cemetery of Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe in central Anatolia. Given that archaeometric data from 3rd- millennium BCE Central Anatolia are still quite sparse, tend to stem mainly from earlier central places, and the assemblages from village sites have so far remained largely unexplored, the study we present here is primarily intended to draw much needed attention to the data that are available. Copper-arsenic alloys exist alongside ‘true’ bronzes (copper-tin alloys), and contamination, for example by nickel, can yield much information about specific deposits. The results obtained provide good insights into the use of metals and traditional alloying techniques on a minor settlement at the end of the Anatolian Early Bronze Age.
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Berretti, Enrico, Nicola Calisi, Andrea Capaccioli, Claudia Borri, Laura Capozzoli, Abdel Magid Hamouda, Andrea Giaccherini et al. „Electrodeposited White Bronzes: A Comparison between Zn-Bearing and Zn-Free Coatings“. Materials Proceedings 2, Nr. 1 (13.05.2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ciwc2020-06824.
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White bronzes are ternary alloys composed of Cu, Zn and Sn, named after their bright whitish color. This class of alloys shares excellent hardness, corrosion and tarnishing resistance, and is commonly adopted in galvanic industrial processes as technological grade coatings to obtain layers with particular aesthetical and/or anticorrosive properties. Despite the widespread employment of white bronzes in fashion and the electronics industry, the recent literature lacks a characterization of these electrodeposited alloys with respect to more common binary (Cu-Sn) white bronzes. In this presentation, a thorough characterization of a commercial ternary Cu-Zn-Sn white bronze, produced by electrodeposition, is reported. Structural, chemical and physical characteristics of the deposited coating were investigated by various techniques (e.g., FIB/SEM, XPS, XRD, EDX, micro-hardness, color and corrosion tests). Results were compared with a similar set of measures obtained from a binary electrodeposited Cu-Sn white bronze (with a high tin content), in order to shed some light on the influence of Zn in the coating properties.
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Zhang, Changping. „The development and formation of soldering technique on the bronze ritual vessel casting of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties“. Chinese Archaeology 18, Nr. 1 (27.11.2018): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2018-0018.
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Abstract This paper concerns the development of soldering in early China. Soldering requires the use of an additional heating of metal to join two or more existing metal items together. The paper defines the different soft and hard soldering materials. It also describes the evolution from joining two pieces, an animal head and a vessel with additional pour of bronze as an extension of the casting process. The next step was the use of hard solder, using bronze or copper related materials. There were two ways to join the existing bronze sections: the most common was “tenon soldering”. Less common but equally significant was “injection soldering”. In the late Spring-and-Autumn Period, soft soldering with tin and lead was developed. This step allowed much more extravagant decoration of bronzes, leading to new bronze vessel styles and also to much greater sub-division of labor in the production process.
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Wang, Zhongchi, Yang Li, Xudong Jiang und Chunxu Pan. „Research Progress on Ancient Bronze Corrosion in Different Environments and Using Different Conservation Techniques: A Review“. MRS Advances 2, Nr. 37-38 (2017): 2033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.222.
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ABSTRACTAncient Chinese bronzes are precious cultural relics. Their surfaces are often severely damaged by dynamic changes in the external environment, both before and after they are unearthed. Therefore, scientific research has been required to preserve these treasures. In recent years, along with the development of modern science and technology, innovative instrumental analytical techniques have become indispensable tools to study corrosion phenomena as well as to evaluate post-excavation conservation techniques. In this paper, we present an overview of bronze corrosion processes in various environments, including analysis of the types of corrosion, mechanisms of formation and factors that influence bronze corrosion products. In addition, we compare the characteristics of corrosion products that have formed on archaeological sites, in tombs, and in museums. Lastly, we introduce some novel techniques for bronze protection, and we propose the focus for future research. Our expectation is that this review will provide a scientific basis for bronze preservation.
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LI, Kin Sum (Sammy). „Precious Stones and Bronzes in Jade Age and Bronze Age of China“. Old World: Journal of Ancient Africa and Eurasia 3, Nr. 1 (02.05.2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26670755-20230003.
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Abstract This article aims to revisit the terms ‘Jade Age’ and ‘Bronze Age’ in respect to Chinese archaeology and history. It argues that the active exchanges of techniques, ideas, and tools between the bronze and stone producers have blurred the definitions of these periods and proposes that we focus more on the concrete agents in history. This article adopts evidence from the cold mechanical treatments of precious stones and bronzes. It presents and analyzes traces of polishing and chiseling on bronze surfaces and argues that some of the traces may have been left by abrasives as practiced in the lithic industry. This demonstrates that lapidary skills and the post-casting treatments of bronze objects were interrelated.
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De Caro, Tilde, Emma Angelini und Leila Es Sebar. „Application of µ-Raman spectroscopy to the study of the corrosion products of archaeological coins“. ACTA IMEKO 10, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i1.893.
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<p>In this paper, a study of the corrosion products formed on archaeological bronze artefacts excavated in Tharros (Sardinia, Italy) is presented. The investigation was carried out by means of the combination of different analytical techniques, including optical microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-RS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The artefacts under study are three bronze coins from the Phoenician–Punic period that are deeply corroded due to the chloride-rich soil of the Tharros excavation site. µ-Raman spectroscopy was chosen to investigate the corroded surfaces of the artefacts because it is a non-destructive technique, it has high spatial resolution, and it makes it possible to discriminate between polymorphs and correlate colour and chemical composition. Through µ-RS, it was possible to identify different mineralogical phases and different polymorphs, such as cuprite (Cu<sub>2</sub>O), copper trihydroxychloride [Cu<sub>2</sub>Cl(OH)<sub>3</sub>] polymorphs, hydroxy lead chloride laurionite [PbCl(OH)] and calcium carbonate polymorph aragonite. The experimental findings highlight that micro-Raman spectroscopy can be used to provide further knowledge regarding the environmental factors that may cause the degradation of archaeological bronzes in soil.</p>
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Feng, Li. „Solving puzzles about the casting method of bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty“. Chinese Archaeology 15, Nr. 1 (01.01.2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2015-0001.
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AbstractThis paper puts forward a new interpretation about the casting techniques of Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, especially those cast in raised grids. In fuller consideration of the various phenomena seen on the bronzes, this paper suggests a nine-step workflow in which transitional molds were employed to produce the real casting core with raised texts to be used for final casting. This new theory not only fully explains the production of long inscriptions with sunken texts and raised grids, but also explains the technical details behind a number of recently discovered special inscriptions.
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Zhao, Shengwei, Xin Liu, Zhen Chen, Siyu Zhang, Qing Niu und Xing Zhao. „Study on the Bronze Weapons Excavated from Xichuan, China“. Metals 14, Nr. 4 (28.03.2024): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14040395.
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The collection of twelve bronze artifacts discovered in Xichuan provides invaluable historical insights into the Warring States period (476 BC to 221 BC) of ancient China. To investigate their fabrication techniques and current state of preservation, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using a metallographic microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and an electron spectrometer to examine the microstructure and elemental composition of the artifacts. The findings revealed that the copper content in these bronze artifacts varied between 41.82% and 87.95%, the tin content ranged from 6.79% to 46.88%, and the lead content was less than 28.96%. The microstructure exhibited an α-solid-solution dendritic-crystal-segregation structure, with a substantial amount of (α + δ) eutectic distributed in an island-like pattern. Lead was dispersed unevenly, appearing as small granules and large ellipsoids. The composition of these weapons aligned with their intended use, adhering to the manufacturing standards of traditional Chinese bronzes. However, their state of preservation was suboptimal, necessitating immediate protective measures. This study contributes physical evidence to the research on early Chinese bronze production and offers scientific guidance for the conservation and restoration of these bronze artifacts.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Technique Bronzees"
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Veber, Cécile. „Les dépôts de bronze du bronze final IIIb en Lorraine, Sarre et Luxembourg : approche technique“. Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL021.
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Lehoërff, Anne. „Le bronze des dépositions volontaires en Italie centrale (1200-725 environ avant notre ère) : recherches pour une histoire des techniques“. Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010677.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'artisanat du bronze à travers l'étude du mobilier métallique volontairement dans des dépôts ou dans des sépultures au cours d'une période s'étendant de 1200 à 725 avant notre ère environ en Italie centrale. Dans ce cadre, il s'agit de mettre en avant les connaissances techniques des artisans bronziers à la fin du deuxième millénaire avant notre ère dans cette région de la péninsule qui devient ensuite le territoire des étrusques, et de suivre leurs évolutions au cours des cinq siècles de la présente étude. Pour procéder à ces identifications techniques, plusieurs centaines d'objets provenant de dépôts et de tombes ont été directement observés et, pour certains, examinés en laboratoire (métallographies et analyses de composition). Au terme de cette thèse, on peut proposer des hypothèses sur l'introduction du procédé à la cire perdue pour la réalisation de mobiliers en plus grandes quantités que celles qui sont produites à l'age du bronze mais aussi sur le développement des techniques de déformation plastique. On peut également avancer des hypothèses sur l'organisation de l'artisanat et son insertion dans la société ainsi qu'ouvrir le débat sur les facteurs d'innovations qu'il faut envisager pour expliquer ces mutations techniques.
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Lorance, Cheryl A. „The exploration of metal patination on cast bronze sculpture“. Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164838.
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The objective of this creative project was to create a series of cast bronze sculptures that would provide a ground for the exploration of metal patination, a chemical coloration of a metal surface. These bronzes were created using a ceramic shell investment mold and lost-wax cast in the Department of Art foundry facilities. Some of the pieces were cast in parts and either welded together or cold connected by drilling and pinning. Using recipes for hot and cold patinas, chemicals were applied to the bronze surface using a variety of application techniques, resulting in a subtle variation of warm and cool, transparent and opaque colors and tones.Department of Art
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Saint-Sever, Guillaume. „De la production à l’utilisation des poteries à l’âge du bronze final : dynamiques inter-régionales et évolutions locales en Quercy et Basse Auvergne“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20065/document.
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Dans ce travail de thèse, nous menons une étude comparative de la céramique de la fin de l’âge du bronze entre deux zones d’études, situées en bordure nord et ouest du Massif Central, la Basse Auvergne et le Quercy. Les ensembles étudiés, issus d’habitats de hauteur, de fosses de plaine et de grottes sépulcrales concernent la phase moyenne du Bronze final. Dans un premier temps, nous développons une méthode de classement typo-chronologique. Cette analyse, par un traitement quantitatif et statistique des critères morphologiques et décoratifs des céramiques, permet de distinguer deux groupes stylistiques selon les régions. Les calages chronologiques de ceux-ci montrent que certains changements dans les formes et les décors se manifestent avec un léger décalage. Dans un second temps, nous nous interrogeons sur l’utilisation des différents types céramiques. Des propositions de classes fonctionnelles sont réalisées à partir d’observations de stigmates d’utilisation et d’analyses technologiques. Ces classes et les correspondances de certaines avec la vaisselle métallique sont ensuite étudiées selon le contexte des gisements. La prédominance, dans les grottes sépulcrales, d’une vaisselle culinaire et de table dévolue aux liquides et de nombreuses correspondances avec des formes métalliques, marque une distinction avec les habitats et traduit des pratiques liées à des repas cérémoniels. Les corpus céramiques de l’habitat de hauteur se distinguent de ceux de plaine par une vaisselle de table collective plus représentée. Une dernière approche concerne l’étude des chaînes opératoires de fabrication des céramiques. L’analyse des préparations des pâtes, des techniques de façonnage et de finition, et des modes de cuisson, permet d’illustrer des changements globaux au cours du temps, communs aux deux zones d’études. Par contre, certains choix techniques s’avèrent plus régionaux et des particularités très localisées peuvent être mises en évidence. Néanmoins, une vaisselle fine, ayant des équivalents métalliques mobilise des savoir-faire distincts aux méthodes de productions à technicité plus élevée, peut manifester une amorce de spécialisation de la production. Ces approches nous amènent à proposer différents échelons géographiques, interrégional, régional ou local, dans les extensions des traditions potières. Ceux-ci dépendent du degré de précision et des associations de critères typologiques et technologiques retenusThis doctoral research is a comparative study of the late bronze age ceramics from two areas located in West and North of the Massif Central: the Quercy and the Basse Auvergne. The materials analyzed are all dated of the middle phase of the late bronze age and come from various contexts (high ground settlements, lowland pits, and burial caves). At first, we develop a typo-chronological classification method based on quantitative and statistical processing of morphological and decorative attributes of the ceramics that allows distinguishing two regional stylistic variants. Their chronological boundaries indicate that some shape and decorative changes occurred with a slight time lag. Secondly, we question the utilization of these different types. We identified several classes based on use wear and technological features. These vessel classes all together with their metallic equivalent when available were analyzed in regards to site function. In burial cave contexts, food and liquid consumption vessels prevailed; numerous connections with metallic items indicate a distinction with habitation contexts and attest of ceremonial banquet. Ceramic assemblages from high ground contexts can be distinguished from the lowland ones by a larger proportion of collective table vessel. We finally conduct an analysis of ceramic manufacturing following a "chaîne opératoire" approach. We identified same chronological changes in the two research areas based on paste preparation, shaping and finishing techniques, and heating procedures. On the contrary, several technical choices indicate a regional patterning and the existence of local specificities. Nevertheless, a fine vessel equivalent to the metallic one, involved greater skills and possibly denotes the emergence of craft specialization. Based on these results, we stress the need for a multi-scale approach in the interpretation of the extension and spread of typological and technological traits because their accuracy and integration level can vary
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Kanhoush, Yasmin. „L’habitat urbain de Syrie au Bronze moyen : analyses technique, fonctionnelle et sociologique“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2122.
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Les maisons sont une oeuvre architecturale, certes, mais elles sont aussi le cadre de vie des hommes, le reflet de leurs connaissances techniques, de leurs exigences de confort, de leurs coutumes, de leurs manières de vivre et de leurs rapports avec la mort. Toutefois, ce type de vestiges a souvent été ignoré devant les grands bâtiments prestigieux de plus grand intérêt. D’où vient notre intérêt de mener une étude synthétisée à ce sujet. De plus, l’habitat de Syrie au Bronze moyen n’a fait l’objet, jusqu’à présent d’aucune étude détaillée malgré l’importance stratégique de cette région et celle de la période du point de vue du développement urbain. En effet, la fin du IIIe millénaire (ou Bronze ancien) correspond à un abandon de nombreux sites ou à une réduction très importante de leur taille et de leur complexité, alors que le Bronze Moyen II (entre 1800 et 1500 av. J.-C.), la période qui nous concerne, apparaît une époque florissante.Notre thèse s’articule en deux grandes parties distinctes. La première est consacrée à une analyse approfondie et critique de la documentation disponible issue de 36 sites situés dans quatre régions différentes, à savoir la Syrie du Nord-Ouest, la moyenne vallée de l’Oronte, la moyenne vallée de l’Euphrate et la Syrie du Nord-Est. Cette recherche a été enrichie par des données inédites issues des anciennes fouilles allemandes sur le site de Tell Halawa A sur la moyenne vallée de l’Euphrate et des travaux archéologiques que nous avons menés sur le site de Tell Mishrifeh/l’ancienne Qatna en Syrie occidentale.L’ensemble des données archéologiques disponibles a été exploité (relevés architecturaux, photographies de fouille, notes de terrain, articles déjà parus…), ainsi qu’un certain nombre de données textuelles (notamment celles mises au jour dans le chantier T de Qatna). Ils forment un ensemble d’éléments intéressants pour mieux restituer la volumétrie et l’histoire des maisons antiques.La deuxième partie de nos travaux est fondée sur la comparaison et le croisement des différents résultats obtenus qui nous a permis de mettre au jour les grandes caractéristiques des maisons de cette époque aux plans technique, typologique et fonctionnel. Nous avons mis en évidence les différences régionales et une possible évolution des formes du bâti et de ses usages. Nous avons cherché également, autant que possible, à considérer l’habitat dans son environnement urbain et à restituer à l’architecture domestique sa dimension sociale à travers la hiérarchie et les relations de voisinage qu’elle est susceptible de révélerWhilst houses are certainly a work of architecture, they are also Man’s lived environment that reflect their technical expertise, home comforts, customs, way of life and their relationship with death. However, this type of vestige is often overlooked in favour of large, prestigious buildings of greater interest. Furthermore, Syria's Middle Bronze Age habitat has not yet been the subject of any detailed study, despite the strategic importance of this region and the period from an urban development perspective. In fact, the end of the third millennium (or Early Bronze) saw the abandonment of many sites, or at least a very significant reduction in their size and complexity, whereas the Middle Bronze II (between 1800 and 1500 B.C.), the period which concerns us, appears to have been a flourishing time.Our thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first focuses on a thorough and critical analysis of the available materials from 36 sites located in four separate regions, these being Northwest Syria, the Middle Orontes Valley, the Middle Euphrates Valley and Northeast Syria. This research has been enriched by unpublished data from previous German excavations on the site of Tell Halawa A on the Middle Euphrates valley, and archaeological work that we conducted on the site of Tell Mishrifeh / the ancient Qatna in Western Syria.All the available archaeological data has been used (architectural surveys, excavation photographs, field notes, articles already published, etc.), as well as certain pieces of textual data (notably those found in Area T at Qatna). These were interesting points of comparison that helped us to reconstruct more fully the history and the volumetry of the ancient houses.The second part of our work is based on the comparison and cross-referencing of the various results obtained, which enabled us to uncover the main technical, typological and functional characteristics of the houses of that period. We have highlighted regional differences and a possible evolution of the types of buildings and their uses. We have also sought, as far as is possible, to consider housing in its urban environment and to restore the social dimension of domestic architecture through the hierarchy and neighbourhood relations that it is likely to reveal
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Makaroun-Bou, Assaf Yasmine. „Techniques constructives et organisation architecturale à Byblos au Bronze ancien (Liban)“. Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE4047.
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Devogelaere, Jonathan. „Les couleurs du mobilier d'apparat en bronze dans le monde gréco-romain, du IIe siècle avant notre ère au IIe siècle de notre ère : de la caractérisation technique aux valeurs symboliques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0602.
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Ma thèse a pour objet l’étude des couleurs du mobilier d’apparat en bronze dans le monde gréco-romain, produit entre le IIe s. av. n. è. et le IIe s. de n. è. en Méditerranée. Elle place au cœur de sa démarche historique la caractérisation des couleurs, leur analyse technique et l’étude de leurs valeurs symboliques, associées à des contextes de production et de réception précis. Redonner en effet aux couleurs toute leur place dans l’ameublement de luxe en bronze, en conduire l’étude typologique, iconographique et technique, les replacer dans leur contexte de réception permet de comprendre non seulement l’impact visuel recherché par le maître de maison, mais aussi et surtout leurs valeurs spécifiques dans l’élaboration du discours des élites à destination de leurs semblables et des autres classes de la société. Pour identifier et comprendre cette polychromie, une démarche interdisciplinaire combinant des méthodologies archéologiques, archéométriques et sociologiques a été appliquée. 538 pièces de mobilier en bronze à décors polychromes sont ainsi recensées et réparties dans diverses catégories. Ces multiples données sont réunies et mises en relation grâce à la création et l’utilisation d’une base de données relationnelle nommée « Iris ». La convergence de ces méthodes et de ces angles d’attaque du matériel étudié vise à un seul but : apprécier la valeur des couleurs et des autres traitements de surface de ces objets de luxe d’inspiration grecque dans le processus général d’acculturation des populations et provinces romaines au modèle gréco-romain, un modèle défini par Paul Veyne comme propre à un Empire où « la culture y était hellénique et le pouvoir était romain »My thesis aims to study the colours of bronze ceremonial furniture produced by the Greco-Roman world between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE in the Mediterranean. The main objective is to characterize of colours, their technical properties, and symbolic values associated with specific production and reception contexts.Consequently, by using archaeological contexts, techno-typological and iconographic studies, the objective of this research is to characterize the specificity and originality of the use and visual impact of bronze in the elaboration of the discourse of the Greco-Roman elite, owner of this ostentatious furniture; this discourse is also aimed at this elite as other classes of Roman society.My thesis explores as much the history of techniques as that of arts and mentalities. It combines archaeological, archaeometric, and sociological methodologies for an interdisciplinary approach. 538 pieces of bronze furniture with polychrome decorations are identified and divided into different categories. Furthermore, these multiple data are also collected and linked through the creation and use of a relational database named “Iris”.The convergence of these methods has a single purpose: to appreciate the significance of colours and to investigate other surface treatments on Greek inspired luxury furnishings. The gradual acculturation of “the Greek world” as a result of Roman expansion is evident in a study of this furniture, its colours, and other treatments using the same historical perspective as defined by Paul Veyne as: an Empire where “la culture y était hellénique et le pouvoir était romain”
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Azéma, Aurélia. „Les techniques de soudage de la grande statuaire antique en bronze : étude des paramètres thermiques et chimiques contrôlant le soudage par fusion au bronze liquide“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918829.
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Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans une recherche interdisciplinaire qui concerne l'évolution de l'ensemble des techniques de la grande statuaire antique en bronze (de la 2nd moitié du 6 siècle avant J.C. au 5e siècle après J.C.). L'objectif de la thèse est de contribuer à la compréhension du procédé de soudage par fusion au bronze liquide, en mettant en œuvre une double approche : étude de soudures antiques et essais expérimentaux en laboratoire. Les statues à étudier ont été choisies parmi les œuvres des collections des musées de France (Département des Antiquités Grecques Etrusques et Romaines du musée du Louvre, Musée départemental Arles Antique, et musée d'Evreux, Mission Archéologique Départementale de l'Eure). L'étude technologique de ce corpus s'est basée sur la méthodologie développée au C2RMF en collaboration avec plusieurs partenaires. Avec le CEA Le Ripault et l'Institut de Soudure tout d'abord, mobilisant ainsi une batterie de techniques d'examens et d'analyses (contrôles non destructifs, radiographie, analyse élémentaire par ICP-AES, microscopie optique et électronique...). Avec le CEMHTI également, qui a assuré le suivi thermique des essais de soudage en laboratoire menés au sein de l'espace " hautes températures " récemment aménagé au C2RMF. Au terme de ces travaux de recherche, nous sommes en mesure de caractériser avec plus de précision la mise en œuvre du procédé de soudage employé par les fondeurs antiques, dont la réussite s'avère dépendre avant tout de la maitrise du transfert thermique.
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Benitez, Alberto. „Dynamique en fretting : influence du type d'asservissement et apport de la technique d'émission acoustique“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0059/document.
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La plupart des études de fretting analyse la réponse des matériaux en contact à partir de critères issus directement des paramètres caractéristiques des cycles de fretting (ouverture du cycle, énergie dissipée, raideur de contact...). La première partie de cette étude s’intéresse à l’influence du dispositif, premier élément du triplet tribologique, sur la réponse en glissement total d’un contact sphère/plan. Le rôle du mode de commande (déplacement imposé ou force actionneur imposée), de la rigidité statique et dynamique du dispositif (analyse vibratoire) et de la nature des matériaux (ductile, fragile ou peu adhérent) sur la forme des cycles est analysée de manière à distinguer les contributions respectives du dispositif et des matériaux. La seconde partie de cette étude est consacrée à une analyse de l’influence des paramètres opératoires (charge normale, déplacement, fréquence, intensité électrique) de couples CuSn6-CuSn6 pour application à la connectique embarquée bas niveau, où le fretting représente l’une des principales causes des défaillances des contacts électriques par perte de conductivité électrique. Une analyse de la variance a permis de hiérarchiser et d’identifier les couplages existants entre les paramètres opératoires et les réponses tribologiques et électriques. Un examen approfondi des signaux d’émission acoustique (amplitude EA, émissivité, énergie absolue, fréquence du centroïde…) et de la résistance électrique du contact a permis une compréhension temporelle des mécanismes locaux de dégradation des contacts synthétisée par une approche troisième corpsMost fretting studies analyze material’s responses using criteria directly issued from characteristic parameters of the fretting loops (loop aperture, dissipated energy, contact stiffness...). The first part of this study concerns the influence of the device, first element of the tribological triplet, on the gross slip response of a ball-on-flat contact. The role of the static and dynamic device stiffness (vibratory analysis), of the control system mode (imposed displacement or imposed actuator force) and of the material type (ductile, brittle or non-adherent) on the loop shape is analyzed in order to distinguish the respective contributions of devices and materials. The second part of this study concern the analysis of the influence of operating parameters (normal force, displacement, frequency, current intensity) for CuSn6-CuSn6 pairs for low current onboard connectors applications. An analysis of variance allowed to prioritize and identify existing linkages between the operating parameters and the tribology and electrical responses. An examination of acoustic emission signals (amplitude AE, emissivity, absolute energy, centroid frequency…) and the electrical resistance of contact allowed a temporal understanding of local mechanisms of degradation synthesized by an approach third body
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Saint-Sever, Guillaume. „De la production à l’utilisation des poteries à l’âge du bronze final : dynamiques inter-régionales et évolutions locales en Quercy et Basse Auvergne“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20065.
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Dans ce travail de thèse, nous menons une étude comparative de la céramique de la fin de l’âge du bronze entre deux zones d’études, situées en bordure nord et ouest du Massif Central, la Basse Auvergne et le Quercy. Les ensembles étudiés, issus d’habitats de hauteur, de fosses de plaine et de grottes sépulcrales concernent la phase moyenne du Bronze final. Dans un premier temps, nous développons une méthode de classement typo-chronologique. Cette analyse, par un traitement quantitatif et statistique des critères morphologiques et décoratifs des céramiques, permet de distinguer deux groupes stylistiques selon les régions. Les calages chronologiques de ceux-ci montrent que certains changements dans les formes et les décors se manifestent avec un léger décalage. Dans un second temps, nous nous interrogeons sur l’utilisation des différents types céramiques. Des propositions de classes fonctionnelles sont réalisées à partir d’observations de stigmates d’utilisation et d’analyses technologiques. Ces classes et les correspondances de certaines avec la vaisselle métallique sont ensuite étudiées selon le contexte des gisements. La prédominance, dans les grottes sépulcrales, d’une vaisselle culinaire et de table dévolue aux liquides et de nombreuses correspondances avec des formes métalliques, marque une distinction avec les habitats et traduit des pratiques liées à des repas cérémoniels. Les corpus céramiques de l’habitat de hauteur se distinguent de ceux de plaine par une vaisselle de table collective plus représentée. Une dernière approche concerne l’étude des chaînes opératoires de fabrication des céramiques. L’analyse des préparations des pâtes, des techniques de façonnage et de finition, et des modes de cuisson, permet d’illustrer des changements globaux au cours du temps, communs aux deux zones d’études. Par contre, certains choix techniques s’avèrent plus régionaux et des particularités très localisées peuvent être mises en évidence. Néanmoins, une vaisselle fine, ayant des équivalents métalliques mobilise des savoir-faire distincts aux méthodes de productions à technicité plus élevée, peut manifester une amorce de spécialisation de la production. Ces approches nous amènent à proposer différents échelons géographiques, interrégional, régional ou local, dans les extensions des traditions potières. Ceux-ci dépendent du degré de précision et des associations de critères typologiques et technologiques retenusThis doctoral research is a comparative study of the late bronze age ceramics from two areas located in West and North of the Massif Central: the Quercy and the Basse Auvergne. The materials analyzed are all dated of the middle phase of the late bronze age and come from various contexts (high ground settlements, lowland pits, and burial caves). At first, we develop a typo-chronological classification method based on quantitative and statistical processing of morphological and decorative attributes of the ceramics that allows distinguishing two regional stylistic variants. Their chronological boundaries indicate that some shape and decorative changes occurred with a slight time lag. Secondly, we question the utilization of these different types. We identified several classes based on use wear and technological features. These vessel classes all together with their metallic equivalent when available were analyzed in regards to site function. In burial cave contexts, food and liquid consumption vessels prevailed; numerous connections with metallic items indicate a distinction with habitation contexts and attest of ceremonial banquet. Ceramic assemblages from high ground contexts can be distinguished from the lowland ones by a larger proportion of collective table vessel. We finally conduct an analysis of ceramic manufacturing following a "chaîne opératoire" approach. We identified same chronological changes in the two research areas based on paste preparation, shaping and finishing techniques, and heating procedures. On the contrary, several technical choices indicate a regional patterning and the existence of local specificities. Nevertheless, a fine vessel equivalent to the metallic one, involved greater skills and possibly denotes the emergence of craft specialization. Based on these results, we stress the need for a multi-scale approach in the interpretation of the extension and spread of typological and technological traits because their accuracy and integration level can vary
Bücher zum Thema "Technique Bronzees"
1
Rama, Jean Pierre. Le bronze d'art et ses techniques. [Dourdan, France]: Editions H. Vial, 1988.
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2
Bourgarit, David. French bronze sculpture: Materials and techniques 16th-18th century = Bronzes français : matériaux et techniques de la sculpture en bronze du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle. London: Archetype Publications, 2014.
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Kingdon, Rungwe. Bronze: The technique of lost wax bronze casting. [Middlesbrough]: Cleveland Libraries and Leisure Dept., 1995.
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Hodges, David Q. Book of bronze: Creating sculptures from clay to bronze. Big Timber, MT: Hodges Fine Art, 2002.
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Haynes, Denys Eyre Lankester. The technique of Greek bronze statuary. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 1992.
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Tony, Birks. The alchemy of sculpture: The art of bronze casting. Yeovil: Marston House, 2004.
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Thomas, Guy. Bronze casting: A manual of techniques. Marlborough: Crowood, 1995.
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Cowles, Kenneth A. Lost wax bronze casting. Abaco, Bahamas: Tapioca Press, 1990.
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From clay to bronze: A studio guide to figurative sculpture. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1999.
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Martínez, Juan Antonio Corredor. Técnicas de fundición artística. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 1997.
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1
Shuyun, Sun, He Tangkun und Xu Kuangdi. „Bronze Mirrors: History and Technique“. In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_2-1.
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Giordano, Lara, Claude Albore Livadie, Giovanni Paternoster, Raffaele Rinzivillo und Roberto Tagliaferri. „Soft Computing Techniques for Classification of Bronze Age Axes“. In Neural Nets, 187–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45216-4_21.
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Sanga, Bharat, Reeta Wattal und D. S. Nagesh. „Ultrasonic Metal Welding: A Novel Joining Technique for Phosphor Bronze Sheets“. In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 735–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2794-1_65.
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Kurt, Adem, und Hakan Ates. „Investigation of Weldability of P/M Bronze Materials by Tig Welding Technique“. In Materials and Technologies, 315–18. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-460-x.315.
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Rajesh, R., Mithun V. Kulkarni, P. Sampathkumaran, P. Sathish und S. Sreenivas. „Comparison of GRA and TOPSIS Optimization Techniques in DMLS-Processed Bronze–Nickel Samples“. In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 143–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2278-6_13.
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Bondar, Kseniia M., Yurii Yu Bashkatov, Ruslan V. Khomenko, Serhii V. Didenko, Iryna V. Tsiupa und Serhii A. Popov. „Geophysical Survey in Support of Archaeological Rescue Excavations at Industrial Area of Kremenchuk Magnetic Anomaly in Ukraine“. In One World Archaeology, 463–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57900-4_18.
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AbstractThis study represents results of first archaeo-geophysical prospection at the area of Kremenchuk Magnetic Anomaly (Poltava region, Ukraine). Pre-excavation magnetometer survey, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements were performed on archaeological sites which are planned to be destroyed in near future due to development of iron ore quarries and construction of mine sites. Investigated archaeological monuments comprise settlements and burial mounds—kurgans—dated to Bronze and Early Iron Age occupying relatively high terrains in the floodplain of the Dnieper River. Based on prospection results of 18 sites and excavation of 6 ones, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of geophysical methods in confirming conclusions of visual archaeological inspection and targeting subsequent archaeological work. The recognised restrictions for geophysical methods are caused by high-gradient geomagnetic field, airborne magnetic pollution of soils and variable subsoil substrate—loess and sands. The magnetometer survey revealed an anomaly related to the remains of a large mound (the Bondari kurgan) against a background of high-gradient geomagnetic field. Large depression near the kurgan suggested its dating to the Bronze Age proved by subsequent archaeological excavations. The magnetic topsoil masks weak anomalies related to subsurface archaeological features and produces bright plough effects visible on the results of the magnetometer surveys. This is why, no anomalies sourced by mound of kurgan were recognised using this geophysical technique at the east from Gorishn’oplavnivskyi quarry. However, circular ditches and collapsed catacomb burials proved to cause detectable disturbance in the magnetic field. GPR measurements aided to identify the real diameter of kurgans by tracing the reflection associated with the mound-submound interface at sandy soil area. ERT results helped to clarify the structure of the large Novoselivska Mohyla kurgan. Two stages of construction were suggested from the two interpreted mounds of different resistivity. Smaller high resistivity anomalies are associated to primary and inserted burials. Magnetic anomalies caused by dwellings were found on the Bronze Age settlements as well as magnetic trace of shallow feature that was not identified during the archaeological excavations. The obtained results aid a proper understanding of the appearance of archaeo-geophysical anomalies and facilitate applying geophysical methods for archaeological needs in the region.
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Daurelio, G. „A Bronze Age Pre-Historic Dolmen: Laser Cleaning Techniques of Paintings and Graffiti (The Bisceglie Dolmen Case Study)“. In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 199–205. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27176-7_25.
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Goodburn, Damian. „Assembly and construction techniques“. In The Dover Bronze Age Boat, 124–62. Historic England, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxbph7q.17.
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Thevenot, Jean-Paul. „III. Étude technique d’objets de bronze“. In L’Âge du Bronze en Bourgogne. Le dépôt de Blanot (Côte-d’Or), 140–43. ARTEHIS Éditions, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.artehis.789.
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Guilaine, Jean. „II. Les armes du néolithique et de l’âge du bronze européens“. In Guerre et Technique, 31–40. Hermann, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/herm.baech.2017.02.0031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Technique Bronzees"
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Theimer, S., P. Brethack, F. Gärtner und T. Klassen. „Cold Gas Spraying of Lead-Free Bearing Bronzes“. In ITSC2017, herausgegeben von A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen und C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0208.
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Abstract In current process techniques to manufacture sliding bearings, bronze components are soldered to the respective parts, which is cost and energy intensive. Apart from that, so far most bearing materials still contain lead, which in new applications is omitted by EU law to avoid associated health risks. The present study aims to offer solutions for both by using cold gas spraying as additive manufacturing technique for processing bearings directly onto steel parts and by applying that to new lead-free bronze alloys. A lead-free bronze alloy was processed as powders by gas atomization and classified to optimum sizes for cold spraying. During cold spraying, the process gas pressures and temperatures as well as the substrate temperature were varied with the aim to study influences by impact conditions and effective surface temperature on particle deformation and bonding. Respective coatings show low porosity, high hardness and high electrical conductivities. With properties similar to that of bulk cast material respectively manufactured parts should meet the requirements for new bearing applications.
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Hauer, M., F. Gärtner, S. Krebs, T. Klassen, M. Watanabe, S. Kuroda, W. Krömmer und K. M. Henkel. „Fabrication of Cavitation Erosion Resistant Bronze Coatings by Thermal and Kinetic Spraying for Maritime Applications“. In ITSC2021, herausgegeben von F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, C. Cojocaru, B. Jodoin, H. Koivuluoto, Y. C. Lau et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0553.
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Abstract The present study compares needed prerequisites for the application of cavitation resistant bronzes by applying different coating techniques, such as cold spraying, HVOF spraying, warm spraying and arc spraying. By optimization to optimum cavitation resistance, the deposited coatings can increase the service life of ship rudders significantly and even serve as repair processes for ship propellers. The given overview aims to support the selection of processes when specifying the target properties to be set with regard to cavitation protection. By using high-pressure warm spraying and cold spraying, properties similar to those of cast nickel aluminum bronze were achieved, however at relatively high costs. In contrast, coatings produced by using HVOF and arc spraying have erosion rates that are only about four respectively three times higher as compared to cast nickel aluminum bronze, while far outperforming bulk shipbuilding steel. Hence, their properties should be sufficient for acceptable service life or docking intervals for ship rudder applications. Propeller repair might demand for better coating properties as obtained by cold spraying. With respect to costs, HVOF and arc spraying in summary might represent a good compromise to reach coating properties needed in application.
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Yuan, Yanling, und Peiyao He. „Research about the casting technique of Chu-style bronze tripod“. In International Academic Workshop on Social Science (IAW-SC-13). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iaw-sc.2013.239.
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Korchmit, A. V., und I. V. Ukolov. „Cooling Rate Determination for CuPb13Sn10Zn2Ni2 Bronze Type in Moulds of Different Heat Conduction“. In 2005 International Conference Modern Technique and Technologies (MTT 2005). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spcmtt.2005.4493222.
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Abed, Iman Jabber, und Hawraa Abdulhussaien Kadhim. „Tribological behaviour of tin bronze alloys produced by different casting techniques“. In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2020 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING, MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0031203.
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Wang, Yueping, und Ken J. KarisAllen. „Evaluation of the Effect of Paint Degradation on Shipboard Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Performance: A Physical Scale Modeling Approach“. In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87025.
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Physical scale modeling (PSM) has been used to evaluate and design shipboard impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems in several NATO countries. With the application of numerical modeling techniques for the evaluation of shipboard ICCP performance, efforts to validate numerical modeling results using PSM data have been gaining increasing importance. As part of the efforts, a discrete area current control (DACC) technique was developed in previous studies to simulate the polarization resistance behavior of multiple cathodes including nickel aluminum bronze propellers and paint damage areas under a variety of conditions. The application of the DACC technique facilitated the use of identical polarization resistance data as boundary conditions for both PSM and numerical modeling analyses in the validation studies. In the current work, the DACC technique was extended to simulating polarization resistance behavior of various paint degradation scenarios (with polarization resistances varying from 1×107 Ωcm2 to 2×105 Ωcm2) to study the effect of paint degradation on the performance of a shipboard ICCP system. The results indicated that overall paint degradation does not significantly affect the hull potential profile until the magnitude of the polarization resistance of the paint coating decreases below 1×107 Ωcm2. The PSM profiles were also compared with numerical modeling data acquired using a boundary element code resulting in a good agreement between the two techniques. The discrepancies observed between the PSM and numerical modeling profiles have also been discussed.
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Kanno, A., T. Takabatake, Y. Namba, K. Tani, S. Uematsu, S. Sugasawa, M. Yoshioka und Y. Ishihara. „Cavitation Erosion Properties and Fracture Morphology of Thermal Spray Coatings“. In ITSC2010, herausgegeben von B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima und G. Montavon. DVS Media GmbH, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2010p0183.
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Abstract Damage of marine screw propeller parts made of aluminum bronze cast material caused by cavitation erosion is one of the serious problems. Erosion resistant thermal spray coating on aluminum-bronze material is expected to extend lifetime of such propellers. In this study, Cobalt-based alloy coatings sprayed by; (a) atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), (b) low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and (c) high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying and aluminum bronze cast material were evaluated by cavitation erosion test using magnetostrictive cavitation test equipment. Fracture morphology of cavitation eroded coating surfaces were analyzed by surface observations with SEM and also the amount of volume loss was measured. Cobalt-based alloy coatings sprayed by LPPS exhibited superior cavitation erosion resistance compared to aluminum bronze cast material and coatings by APS and HVOF. Moreover, mechanical properties of Cobalt-based alloy coatings were investigated in detail by nanoindentation technique. It is found that cavitation erosion resistance of coatings is subjected to interparticle cohesive strength.
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Bifano, Thomas, Helen Caggiano und Raji Krishnamoorthy. „Electrolytic Dressing of Bronze-Bondel Grinding Wheels in Fixed-Load Grinding“. In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1994.omc7.
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When using bronze-bonded diamond grinding wheels, no methods of intermittent or in-process dressing have been automated to the point where sharp, continuous cutting performance can be obtained over the life of the grinding wheel when grinding hard ceramics. ELID may provide the first such continuous-dressing technique for ceramic grinding with metal-bonded wheels. With ELID, the wheel is made the anode in an electrolytic cell - a system of two electrodes and an electrolyte undergoing an electrochemical process as the result of an electric potential applied across the electrodes (note the distinction from an electrochemical cell, which generates an electrical potential in response to spontaneous electrochemical reactions between electrodes and electrolyte). The grinding coolant serves as an electrolyte, and a graphite cathode completes the cell. An applied voltage across the electrodes causes the anodic wheel bond to be continuously eroded, exposing sharp, new diamond grains before the already exposed diamonds become unacceptably dull. The graphite cathode evolves hydrogen gas, and neither gains nor loses material in the process. All of the ELID systems described to date use cast iron for cast iron fiber bonded grinding wheels, though such wheels are not common in the US [1]. Experiments have been performed at Boston University using two load-controlled grinding machines. Currently, experiments are also underway on an ultraprecision infeed-controlled grinding machine, with both iron and bronze wheels. The process dynamics for bronze are found to be markedly different than that for iron wheels. The results show significant promise for this technique in ceramic grinding with bronze-bonded wheels.
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Marian, Ana. „Th e Interdependence of Modeling Techniques and Plastic Procedures in the Making of Moldovan Sculptural Nudes“. In Conferința științifică internațională Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare. Ediția XIV. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/pc22.04.
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Th ere are many various materials suitable for the creation of sculptural nudes, but they are almost identical to those which used to create a sculptural portrait. Among them there are clay, stone (from limestone and granite to marble and some semi-precious stones), metals (bronze, aluminum, silver, gold), wood (of various types), wax (as a preliminary material), plasticine (which is also used for sketches) and gypsum (intended for casting works). J.J. Winckelmann wrote: “Visual arts begin with modeling in clay; then there was modeling in wood, then it was in ivory, and fi nally stone and metal were processed.” Th e interdependence of modeling and plastic techniques in creating nudity makes it more expressive. Th us, the choice of material for creating “nude” is not accidental. Th e modeling technique or, in other words, the quality of the rendering of the external surface, helps to reveal the artistic message of the work.
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MARIAN, Ana. „Modeling and plastic techniques in the creation of the Moldovan sculptural animal genre“. In Probleme ale ştiinţelor socioumanistice şi ale modernizării învăţământului. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.v3.25-03-2022.p268-271.
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Modeling techniques, together with plastic ones, play a decisive role in the creation of a sculptural work. The sculptural animalistic genre uses the same materials as the sculptural portrait and nude: ceramics, wood, chamotte, bronze, to which are added the techniques of coloring and toning. Thus, modeling and plastic techniques are a single whole, tightly connected, which contributes to the manifestation of the idea of work, which is intuitively foreseen by the author from the very beginning and takes on contours more clearly in the modeling process in the material.