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1
Wang, H. B., Q. X. Zhang, X. T. Chen, Y. H. Wang, L. W. Lin, J. H. Ye, Q. Zhang, X. L. Jia und H. B. He. „Analysis of microbial diversity of tea tree (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze.) sick rhizospheric soil using soil metaproteomic technology“. Allelopathy Journal 51, Nr. 2 (November 2020): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2020-51-2-1296.
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Soil metaproteomics technology was used to analyse and undertand the changes in microbial diversity in rhizospheric soil of Tieguanyin tea trees (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze.) of different ages. The results showed We identified 2911 protein spots in the rhizosphere soil of tea tree. These were derived from 388 species of microorganisms [331 species of bacteria (85.31 %) and 57 species of fungi (14.69 %)]. According to the analysis of microbial species in tea tree rhizospheric soil with different ages, the number of microbial species in 0, 4, 9 and 30-years old rhizospheric soils were 346, 350, 345 and 354, respectively. Among them, 310 microbial species co-existed in the rhizospheric soil with different ages tea trees. The analysis of results of microbial species and function showed that, as the tea tree age increased, the pathogenic microorganisms in its rhizospheric soil increased, while the microorganisms, for decomposing harmful substances, probiotics and microorganisms related to carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle decreased. The microbial structure and functions of tea tree rhizospheric soil changed significantly with increase in tea tree age.
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Yang, Haoyu, Lingfei Ji, Lizhi Long, Kang Ni, Xiangde Yang, Lifeng Ma, Shiwei Guo und Jianyun Ruan. „Effect of Short-Term Phosphorus Supply on Rhizosphere Microbial Community of Tea Plants“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 10 (05.10.2022): 2405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102405.
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Microbes play an important role in rhizosphere phosphorus (P) activation and root P absorption in low P-available soils. However, the responses of the rhizosphere microbial community to P input and its effects on P uptake by tea plants have not been widely reported. In this study, the high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS2 region was employed to examine the responses of tea rhizosphere microbiomes to different P input rates (low-P, P0: 0 mg·kg−1 P; moderate-P, P1: 87.3 mg·kg−1 P; high-P, P2: 436.5 mg·kg−1 P). The results showed that the P input treatments significantly reduced the soil C: N ratio and C: P ratio compared to the P0 treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, the P2 treatment significantly increased the soil available P, plant biomass and P content of the tea plant compared to the P0 and P1 treatments (p < 0.05). Both bacterial and fungal communities revealed the highest values of alpha diversity indices in the P1 treatment and the lowest in the P2 treatment. The dominant phyla of the bacterial community were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, while in the fungal community they were Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota. In addition, P input enriched the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria but decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria. The Mantel correlation analysis showed that the fungal community was influenced by P input, whereas bacterial community was affected by the soil TC and C: N ratio. Furthermore, the P input treatments enhanced the TCA cycle, amino and nucleotide glucose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phosphotransferase system expression, which could promote C and N cycling. On the contrary, the P input treatments negatively affected the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The PLS-PM model revealed that the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities, respectively, negatively and positively affected the P content by affecting the biomass. Meanwhile, rhizosphere microbial function profiles affected the P content of tea plants directly and positively. In summary, moderate P input favors the rhizosphere microbial diversity and functions in the short-term pot experiment. Therefore, we suggest that moderate P input should be recommended in practical tea production, and a further field test is required.
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Rahman, A. S., J. Barukial, S.R. Sarmah, R.D. Baruah und A. Bhattacharjee. „Metagenomics study of tea rhizosphere soil in elevated carbon dioxide and temperature“. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, Nr. 04 (2023): 1824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i04.062.
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One of the most pressing environmental issue of our time is climate change. Additionally, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and the global temperature are also increasing. North East India is widely known for tea. Tea cultivation is largely dependent on its distinct soil fertility and its associated microorganisms. However, little is known about how high elevated CO2 and temperature affect the rhizosphere of tea plants. This study was conducted in order to comprehend the general microbial diversity of the tea soil rhizosphere in response to rising temperatures and CO2 . The study was performed using two Open top chambers where four different tea cultivars were exposed to elevated CO2 and temperature, and only elevated temperature where microbial dynamics was studied using metagenomics of 16s rRNA analysis. The results indicated that in the treatments highest abundance was found in the phylum Proteobacteria, 32.11%, which was followed by Acidobacteria, 14.32% and Actinobacteria, 9.13%. Significant variations were observed in both treatments when compared to the control. The results of this study would thus help in understanding the culturable as well as unculturable bacteria associated with tea plant rhizosphere, which may be beneficial in planning future adaptation and mitigation strategies under climate change scenarios.
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Ye, Jianghua, Qi Zhang, Miao Jia, Yuhua Wang, Ying Zhang, Xiaoli Jia, Xinyu Zheng und Haibin Wang. „The Effects of Rock Zones and Tea Tree Varieties on the Growth and Quality of Wuyi Rock Tea Based on the OPLS-DA Model and Machine Learning“. Agriculture 14, Nr. 4 (03.04.2024): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14040573.
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Rock zones have an important influence on the yield and quality of Wuyi rock tea. In this study, OPLS-DA combined with machine learning was used to analyze the effects of different rock zones and tea tree varieties on the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil, the growth of the tea tree and the quality of the tea leaves using tea trees in different rock zones. The results showed that rock zones had significant effects on rhizosphere soil physicochemical indexes, soil enzyme activities, tea tree growth and tea quality indexes, while there was little difference between different tea tree varieties. The interaction analysis showed that the physicochemical indexes of rhizosphere soil in different rock zones significantly affected tea quality, while also affecting growth indexes. The main indexes affecting tea yield and caffeine content were soil pH, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, while the main indexes affecting tea quality were available potassium, organic matter, total potassium, protease, polyphenol oxidase and urease. Analyses of PCA, OPLS-DA models and KNN and ANN machine learning showed that different rock zones could be effectively distinguished from each other with 100% accuracy, while different tea varieties had little difference and could not be distinguished. TOPSIS analysis found that the physicochemical indexes most affected by rock zone were available nitrogen, available potassium and sucrose, and the quality indexes most affected by rock zone were tea polyphenols and theanine. The growth index most affected by rock zone was tea yield. It was evident that the key difference between tea trees in different rock zones was yield and quality, with high yields in continent zones, and good quality in semi-rock zones and rock zones. This study provides a crucial foundation for tea-plantation management, the artificial regulation of tea yield and the quality of different rock zones of Wuyi rock tea.
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Zoysa, A. K. N., P. Loganathan und M. J. Hedley. „Effect of forms of nitrogen supply on mobilisation of phosphorus from a phosphate rock and acidification in the rhizosphere of tea“. Soil Research 36, Nr. 3 (1998): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97079.
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Nitrogen (N) is the main fertiliser input to tea plantations because of the large removal of this element with regular harvests of young shoots in the field. The form of N supply is known to influence the uptake of other plant nutrients, notably phosphorus (P), through its effect on soil pH in the rhizosphere. A glasshouse study was conducted to test the effect of N form (NH +4, NO-3 , or both) on the transformation of soil P in the rhizosphere and its availability to tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants fertilised with sparingly soluble Eppawala phosphate rock (EPR). Four-month-old tea (TRI 2025) plants were grown in rhizosphere study containers containing an Ultisol from Sri Lanka (pH 4 ·5 in water) amended with EPR and KCl at 200 g P or K/g soil, and mixed with (NH4)2SO4 (100% NH+4 -N), NH4NO3 (50% NH+4 -N and 50% NO-3 -N), and Ca(NO3)2 (100% NO-3 -N) at the rate of 200 g N/g soil, with a control (no N fertiliser), as treatments. Rhizosphere pH decreased compared with the bulk soil when N was supplied as NH+4 or NH+4 +NO-3 forms, and increased when N was supplied as NO-3. The cation{anion balance estimations in the plants showed that the plants had taken up more NO-3 than NH+4 even in (NH4)2SO4 treated soil, suggesting high nitrification rates, especially in the rhizosphere, in spite of using a nitrification inhibitor. More EPR dissolved in the rhizosphere compared with that in the bulk soil, regardless of the N form applied. The (NH4)2SO4 treatment had the highest dissolution rate of EPR in the rhizosphere, whereas Ca(NO3)2 treatment had the lowest, reflecting the degree of acidification in the rhizosphere. Resin-P and NaOH-Pi (inorganic P) concentrations were lower and NaOH-Po (organic P) concentration was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. Plant and possible microbial uptake of P is the main reason for the decrease in resin-P and NaOH-Pi. The increase in NaOH-Po concentration in the rhizosphere is believed to be due to transformation of Pi to Po by the high microbial activity in the rhizosphere. The (NH4)2SO4 treatment caused the highest depletion of resin-P but lowest depletion of NaOH-Pi, probably due to the fixation of P by the soils at the low pH in the rhizosphere. The study revealed that the use of the NH+4 form of fertiliser can increase acidification in tea rhizosphere compared with bulk soil and this can enhance the effectiveness of PR fertiliser utilisation by tea plants.
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Wei, Sirou, Boheng Liu, Kang Ni, Lifeng Ma, Yuanzhi Shi, Yang Leng, Shenghong Zheng, Shuilian Gao, Xiangde Yang und Jianyun Ruan. „Rhizosphere Microbial Community Shows a Greater Response Than Soil Properties to Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Cultivars“. Agronomy 13, Nr. 1 (11.01.2023): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010221.
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Rhizosphere microbes play pivotal roles in regulating the soil ecosystem by influencing and directly participating in the nutrient cycle. Evidence shows that the rhizosphere microbes are highly dependent on plant genotype and cultivars; however, their characteristics in soils with different tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the rhizosphere soil properties, microbial community composition, and their potential functions under four tea cultivars Huangjinya (HJY), Tieguanyin (TGY), Zhongcha No.108 (ZC108), and Zijuan (ZJ). The study found a minor impact of cultivars on rhizosphere soil properties but a significant influence on microbial community structure. Except for available potassium (AK) (HJY > TGY > ZC108 > ZJ), tea cultivars had no significant impact on other soil properties. The tea cultivars resulted in substantial differences only in the diversity of soil bacteria of lower taxonomic levels (family to species), as well as significantly changed communities’ structure of bacteria and fungi (R2 = 0.184, p = 0.013 and R2 = 0.226, p = 0.001). Specifically, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Firmicutes accounted for approximately 96% of the bacterial phyla in the tea soils, while Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Monoblepharomycota (90% of the total) predominated the soil fungal community. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified soil pH (14.53%) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N; 16.74%) as the key factors for the changes in bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Finally, FAPROTAX analysis predicted significant differences in the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (C-N-S)-cycling among the soils with different tea cultivars, specifically, ZJ cultivar showed the highest C-cycling but the lowest N- and S-cycling, while FUNGuild analysis revealed that the pathotroph group was significantly lower in ZC108 than the other cultivars. These findings improve our understanding of the differences in microbial community characteristics among tea cultivars and provide a basis for precisely selecting and introducing excellent tea varieties in the agriculture practices.
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Zhang, Qi, Yuhua Wang, Yiling Chen, Ying Zhang, Meihui Chen, Jishuang Zou, Pengyao Miao et al. „Effects of Pruning on Growth, Rhizosphere Soil Physicochemical Indexes and Bacterial Community Structure of Tea Tree and Their Interaction“. Agriculture 13, Nr. 10 (10.10.2023): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101972.
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Pruning is an agronomic practice that contributes to tea tree yield during cultivation, but little is known about how pruning improves yield through shifting bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil. Therefore, Meizhan tea (Camellia sinensis) was used as the research object to analyze the effect of unpruning and pruning on the growth and rhizosphere soil physicochemical indexes of the tea tree, and sequencing technology was used to obtain the diversity of soil bacterial communities. The results showed that leaf area, hundred bud weight and yield of pruned tea trees increased by 1.32, 1.40, and 1.84 times, respectively, and pH and available N, available P, and available K contents increased by 1.10, 1.07, 1.30, and 1.07 times, respectively, compared with unpruned treatment, while total N, total P, and total K contents decreased by 1.20, 1.37, and 1.13 times, respectively. Analysis of the bacterial community structure showed that the key differential bacteria between pruned and unpruned tea trees were Candidatus Solibacter, Acidibacter, Rhizomicrobium, Bryobacter, Solanum torvum, Mizugakiibacter, Nitrospira, Sphingomonas, and Granulicella. Among them, the bacterial abundance of Candidatus Solibacter, Bryobacter, and Nitrospira showed an upward trend and the rest showed a downward trend after pruned treatment. Interaction network analysis showed that the correlation between the total key genera of microorganisms and organic matter, total N, total K, and total P content in rhizosphere soil did not reach a significant level, whereas the correlation with soil available N, available K, available P, pH, and tea tree growth indexes were all positively and significantly correlated. It can be seen that pruning changed the structure of the rhizosphere soil microbial community of tea trees, promoted soil nutrient transformation, increased the content of soil available nutrients, and promoted the growth of tea tree.
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Hu, Zhenmin, Lingfei Ji, Qing Wan, Huan Li, Ronglin Li und Yiyang Yang. „Short-Term Effects of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Bacterial Community Composition in Tea Plantation Soils“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 9 (13.09.2022): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092168.
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Overuse of chemical fertilizers to maintain tea production has caused many adverse effects in tea plantations and largely hampers the sustainable development of the tea industry. Applying bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) to achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture has become popular because of its advantages, such as its pollution-free nature, considerable amount of beneficial microbes and soil-friendly organic materials. However, the effects of BOF application on tea plantation soil remain an open question. Herein, we carried out a 3-year pot experiment with four treatments, including control without fertilization (CK), 100% chemical fertilizer (CF), 50% chemical fertilizer +50% BOF (CFOF) and 100% BOF (OF), to explore the effects of BOF application on soil fertility and bacterial community in tea plantations. The results showed that BOF application could increase soil fertility in both bulk and rhizosphere soils and improve the biomass of tea leaves. In addition, the nutrient level change caused by BOF application significantly changed bacterial community diversity and composition and accounted for 74.91% of the community variation. CFOF and OF treatments significantly increased the bacterial Chao1 and Shannon indices compared to CF treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, bacterial community composition was dominated by Betaproteobacteria (46.88%), Acidobacteria (11.29%), Alphaproteobacteria (9.69%) and Gammaproteobacteria (9.59%). BOF application increased the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and planctomycetes and decreased the relative abundance of Betaproteobacteria (p < 0.05). Furthermore, bacterial function prediction revealed that BOF application improved the N and C cycling processes and enhanced the co-occurrence network complexity in the bulk soils. Bacterial community functions and co-occurrence networks in the rhizosphere did not show similar results, indicating that rhizosphere bacterial communities were more affected by the rhizosphere effect than BOF application. All these findings verified our hypothesis that applying BOF in tea plantations could increase the biomass of tea plants by improving soil fertility and influencing the soil bacterial function groups. In summary, we suggested that BOF application could be a promising way to achieve the sustainable development of the tea industry.
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Zhang, Sihai, Xuemei Han, Yangchun Zhu und Xiangfeng Tan. „Coordination of Root Traits and Rhizosphere Microbial Community in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Plants under Drought and Rehydration“. Forests 14, Nr. 11 (26.10.2023): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14112134.
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Soil drought and rehydration have an immense impact on plant physiology and productivity, whereas the response of plant–microbe interactions to varied water availability remains largely elusive. In this study, two tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars, Longjing43 and Yingshuang, were subjected to drought followed by rehydration. Soil drought significantly induced the elongation of taproots in the Yingshuang cultivar after two weeks of drought. Moreover, the four-week drought significantly reduced the root dry mass and root nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations in both tea cultivars. Two-week rehydration recovered the root potassium concentration in the two tea cultivars, revealing the rapid response of root potassium levels to water conditions. Drought and rehydration also resulted in shifts in rhizosphere microbial diversity. A four-week drought reduced microbial alpha diversity in Longjing43 but not in the Yingshuang cultivar, and rehydration was effective in restoring alpha diversity in Longjing43. The rhizosphere microbial community tended to recover to the initial stages after rehydration in Longjing43 but not in the other cultivar. In addition, 18 microbial genera were identified as the featured microbial taxa in response to varied water availability, and a rare genus Ignavibacterium was significantly increased in the Longjing43 cultivar by rehydration after a four-week drought. Furthermore, root nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium levels, and dry mass were positively correlated with the microbial alpha diversity, while the taproot length was negatively correlated, suggesting the crucial role of plant–microbe interactions in response to drought and rehydration. Moreover, the root phosphorus concentration and taproot length also had significant effects on microbial beta diversity, further confirming their effects on the community structure of the rhizosphere microbiome. Overall, this study provides insights into the effects of drought on plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere of tea plants. These findings are important for harnessing the roles of the tea rhizosphere microbiome under drought.
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Motaghian, H. R., und A. R. Hosseinpur. „ Copper release kinetics: Effect of two extractants and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere“. Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 10 (12.10.2012): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/365/2012-pse.
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The greenhouse experiment was performed to determine Cu release characteristics in the bulk and the rhizosphere of some calcareous soils using rhizobox. The kinetics of Cu release in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils were determined by successive extraction with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-triethanolamine (DTPA-TEA) and 10 mmol/L citric acid in a period of 1 to 504 h at 25 ± 1°C. The results of kinetics study showed that Cu extracted using DTPA-TEA in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than the bulk soils, while Cu extracted using citric acid in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than the bulk soils. The mean of released Cu after 504 h using DTPA-TEA were 8.59 and 7.46 mg/kg in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils, respectively. The mean release of Cu after 504 h using citric acid was 14.73 and 16.05 mg/kg in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils, respectively. Release kinetics of Cu in two extractants conformed fairly well to parabolic diffusion, power function, and first order equations. The results of correlation analysis illustrated that a significant correlation between Cu desorption after 504 h with citric acid and Cu concentration in wheat was found (r = 0.96 and r = 0.90 in the rhizosphere and the bulk soils, respectively, P < 0.01). Therefore, application of 10 mmol/L citric acid extractant would be recommended in the future study on the kinetics of release of Cu in calcareous soils.
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Jia, Miao, Pengyuan Cheng, Yuhua Wang, Xiaomin Pang, Mingzhe Li, Lei Hong, Qi Zhang et al. „Effects of Aviation Mutagenesis on Soil Chemical Indexes, Enzyme Activities, and Metabolites of Dahongpao (Camellia sinensis) Tea Trees“. Plants 13, Nr. 10 (08.05.2024): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13101291.
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Aviation mutagenesis is a breeding method for the rapid selection of superior plant varieties. In this study, rhizosphere soil chemical indexes, soil enzyme activities, and soil metabolites were measured in Dahongpao tea trees with aviation mutagenesis (TM) and without aviation mutagenesis (CK). The main soil metabolites distinguishing TM and CK and their relationships with soil chemical indexes and soil enzyme activities were analyzed and obtained. The results showed that there was no significant change in the rhizosphere soils’ pH of TM tea trees compared to CK (p = 0.91), while all other chemical indexes of TM were significantly higher than CK (p < 0.05). In addition, the activities of enzymes related to soil nutrient cycling such as urease, protease, sucrase, acid phosphatase and cellulase, and enzymes related to soil antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the rhizosphere soils of TM tea trees compared to CK. Soil metabolite analysis showed that the main soil metabolites distinguishing CK from TM were carbohydrates, nitrogen compounds, and amines. Of these, carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds were significantly positively correlated with soil chemical indexes and soil enzymes, whereas amine was significantly negatively correlated with soil chemical indexes such as organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus; amine showed significant negative correlation with soil enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and urease. It can be seen that aviation mutagenesis is conducive to improving the ability of tea tree rhizosphere aggregation and transformation of soil nutrients, increasing the total amount of soil nutrients and the content of available nutrients, which is more conducive to promoting the uptake of nutrients by the tea tree, and thus promoting the growth of the tea tree.
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Sun, Litao, Xue Dong, Yu Wang, Garth Maker, Manjree Agarwal und Zhaotang Ding. „Tea-Soybean Intercropping Improves Tea Quality and Nutrition Uptake by Inducing Changes of Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities“. Microorganisms 10, Nr. 11 (29.10.2022): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112149.
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The positive aspects of the tea plant/legume intercropping system draw attention to the Chinese tea industry for its benefit for soil fertility improvement with low fertilizer input. However, limited information exists as to the roles of intercropped legumes in the rhizosphere microbiome and tea quality. Hereby, soybean was selected as the intercropped plant to investigate its effect on bacterial communities, nutrient competition, tea plant development, and tea quality. Our data showed that intercropped soybean boosted the uptake of nitrogen in tea plants and enhanced the growth of young tea shoots. Nutrient competition for phosphorus and potassium in soil existed between soybeans and tea plants. Moreover, tea/soybean intercropping improved tea quality, manifested by a significantly increased content of non-ester type catechins (C, EGC, EC), total catechins and theanine, and decreased content of ester type catechins (EGCG). Significant differences in rhizobacterial composition were also observed under different systems. At the genus level, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bradyrhizobium, Saccharimonadales and Mycobacterium, was significantly increased with the intercropping system, while the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria, Pseudogulbenkiania, was markedly decreased. Correlation analysis showed that Pseudogulbenkiania, SBR1031, and Burkholderiaceae clustered together showing a similar correlation with soil physicochemical and tea quality characteristics; however, other differential bacteria showed the opposite pattern. In conclusion, tea/soybean intercropping improves tea quality and nutrition uptake by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria and decreasing denitrifying bacteria. This study strengthens our understanding of how intercropping system regulate the soil bacterial community to maintain the health of soils in tea plantations and provides the basis for replacing chemical fertilizers and improving the ecosystem in tea plantations.
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Peng, Anqi, Keke Yu, Shuwei Yu, Yingying Li, Hao Zuo, Ping Li, Juan Li, Jianan Huang, Zhonghua Liu und Jian Zhao. „Aluminum and Fluoride Stresses Altered Organic Acid and Secondary Metabolism in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants: Influences on Plant Tolerance, Tea Quality and Safety“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 5 (27.02.2023): 4640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054640.
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Tea plants have adapted to grow in tropical acidic soils containing high concentrations of aluminum (Al) and fluoride (F) (as Al/F hyperaccumulators) and use secret organic acids (OAs) to acidify the rhizosphere for acquiring phosphorous and element nutrients. The self-enhanced rhizosphere acidification under Al/F stress and acid rain also render tea plants prone to accumulate more heavy metals and F, which raises significant food safety and health concerns. However, the mechanism behind this is not fully understood. Here, we report that tea plants responded to Al and F stresses by synthesizing and secreting OAs and altering profiles of amino acids, catechins, and caffeine in their roots. These organic compounds could form tea-plant mechanisms to tolerate lower pH and higher Al and F concentrations. Furthermore, high concentrations of Al and F stresses negatively affected the accumulation of tea secondary metabolites in young leaves, and thereby tea nutrient value. The young leaves of tea seedlings under Al and F stresses also tended to increase Al and F accumulation in young leaves but lower essential tea secondary metabolites, which challenged tea quality and safety. Comparisons of transcriptome data combined with metabolite profiling revealed that the corresponding metabolic gene expression supported and explained the metabolism changes in tea roots and young leaves via stresses from high concentrations of Al and F. The study provides new insight into Al- and F-stressed tea plants with regard to responsive metabolism changes and tolerance strategy establishment in tea plants and the impacts of Al/F stresses on metabolite compositions in young leaves used for making teas, which could influence tea nutritional value and food safety.
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Sarkar, S., S. Seenivasan und R. Premkumar. „Biodegradation of propiconazole by Pseudomonas putida isolated from tea rhizosphere“. Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 5 (10.06.2009): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2184-pse.
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Biodegradation of triazole fungicide propiconazole was carried out <I>in vitro</I> by selected <I>Pseudomonas</I> strains isolated from tea rhizosphere. A total number of twelve strains were isolated and further screened based on their tolerance level to propiconazole. Four best strains were selected and further tested for their nutritional requirements. Among the different carbon sources tested glucose exhibited the highest growth promoting capacity and among nitrogen sources ammonium nitrate supported the growth to the maximum. The four selected <I>Pseudomonas</I> strains exhibited a range of degradation capabilities. Mineral salts medium (MSM) amended with glucose provided better environment for degradation with the highest degradation potential in strain MPR 4 followed by MPR 12 (72.8% and 67.8%, respectively).
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Patkowska, Elżbieta, Elżbieta Mielniczuk, Agnieszka Jamiołkowska, Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz und Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak. „The Influence of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 11 (23.10.2020): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111637.
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The principles of good agricultural and horticultural practice, which consider both giving environmental protection and high yielding of plants, require modern cultivation methods. Modern cultivation of horticultural plants uses, for example, cover crops, living mulches, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other biostimulants protecting the soil against degradation and plants against phytopathogens and stress. The purpose of field and laboratory studies was to determine the effect of Trianum P (containing Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 spores), Beta-Chikol (a.s.—chitosan), Timorex Gold 24 EC (based on tea tree oil) and fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS (a.s.—tiuram 75%) on the health of carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants and the microorganism population in the rhizosphere of this plant. Moreover, the antagonistic effect of rhizosphere fungi on selected carrot fungal pathogens was determined. Laboratory mycological analysis allowed one to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi colonizing the underground parts of carrot plants. In addition, the total population of fungi and bacteria was determined (including Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) based on the microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere soil. The application of the plant growth-promoting fungus (Trichoderma harzianum T-22), chitosan and tea tree oil positively influenced the growth, development and health status of carrot plants. T. harzianum T-22, chitosan and fungicide most effectively protected carrots against infection by soil-borne fungi from the genus Alternaria, Fusarium, Haematonectria, Sclerotinia and Rhizoctonia. The rhizosphere population of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the treatments with Trianum P or Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS was bigger than in the other experimental treatments. A reverse relationship was observed in the population of rhizosphere fungi. T. harzianum T-22, chitosan and tea tree oil promoted the growth of antagonistic fungi (Albifimbria sp., Clonostachys sp., Penicillium sp., Talaromyces sp. and Trichoderma sp.) in the carrot rhizosphere. Antagonistic activity of these fungi towards Alternaria dauci, Alternaria radicina, Sclerotiniasclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani was higher after the application of the preparations compared to control. Consequently, Trianum P, Beta-Chikol and Timorex Gold 24 EC can be recommended as plant biostimulants in ecological agricultural production, including Daucus carota cultivation.
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Islam, Mohammed Syeful, Iftekhar Ahmad und Mohammad Ali. „Biocontrol studies on rizpspheric microorganisms against black rot disease of tea caused by Corticium theae Bernard“. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, Nr. 4 (31.12.2018): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i4.47399.
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Assessment of plant growth promoter and biocontrol properties of plant growth promoting rhizomicroorganisms (PGPR) from tea soil against black rot disease agent of tea caused by Corticium theae Bernard in Bangladesh was done. The antagonistic microorganisms were isolated from rhizosphere soils of tea fields and cultured on different nutrient media. The isolates were screened for their antagonism against Corticium theae by dual culture technique. The microbial strains were inoculated with tea nursery soils by mixing with 50 g of decomposed cowdung. In tea plantations, the microbial strains were sprayed on diseased plants two times at 15 days intervals. Four different species of PGPR strains such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Trichoderma were isolated from rhizospheric soil of tea. These PGPR strains enhanced plant growth in nursery and had a positive effect on the rate of increased in number of leaves, height of plants and girth of plants by 33, 43 and 3%, respectively. Lowest severity of black rot was found in plants treated with Trichoderma followed by Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces strains. Trichoderma and Bacillus caused 16 and 14% reduction of disease severity while both Pseudomonas and Streptomyces strains reduced disease severity by 10%. All the PGPR’s have a great influence in reducing disease severity by 19% with optimistic relations. Radial mycelial growth of C. theae was also inhibited in similar trends. The biofertilizer showed comparatively lower response in reducing disease severity (8%) in comparison to PGPR’s. It can be concluded that Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Trichoderma isolated from tea soil have their growth enhance capacity as well as decrease the disease severity of black rot in tea.
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Zhang, Xiaoli, Xiaona Li, Feiran Chen, Xuesong Cao, Chuanxi Wang, Liya Jiao, Le Yue und Zhenyu Wang. „Selenium Nanomaterials Enhance the Nutrients and Functional Components of Fuding Dabai Tea“. Nanomaterials 14, Nr. 8 (15.04.2024): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14080681.
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Theanine, polyphenols, and caffeine not only affect the flavor of tea, but also play an important role in human health benefits. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of Se NMs on fat-reducing components is still unclear. In this study, the synthesis of fat-reducing components in Fuding Dabai (FDDB) tea was investigated. The results indicated that the 100-bud weight, theanine, EGCG, total catechin, and caffeine contents of tea buds were optimally promoted by 10 mg·L−1 Se NMs in the range of 24.3%, 36.2%, 53.9%, 67.1%, and 30.9%, respectively. Mechanically, Se NMs promoted photosynthesis in tea plants, increased the soluble sugar content in tea leaves (30.3%), and provided energy for the metabolic processes, including the TCA cycle, pyruvate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the glutamine/glutamic acid cycle, ultimately increasing the content of amino acids and antioxidant substances (catechins) in tea buds; the relative expressions of key genes for catechin synthesis, CsPAL, CsC4H, CsCHI, CsDFR, CsANS, CsANR, CsLAR, and UGGT, were significantly upregulated by 45.1–619.1%. The expressions of theanine synthesis genes CsTs, CsGs, and CsGOGAT were upregulated by 138.8–693.7%. Moreover, Se NMs promoted more sucrose transfer to the roots, with the upregulations of CsSUT1, CsSUT2, CsSUT3, and CsSWEET1a by 125.8–560.5%. Correspondingly, Se NMs enriched the beneficial rhizosphere microbiota (Roseiarcus, Acidothermus, Acidibacter, Conexicter, and Pedosphaeraceae), enhancing the absorption and utilization of ammonium nitrogen by tea plants, contributing to the accumulation of theanine. This study provides compelling evidence supporting the application of Se NMs in promoting the lipid-reducing components of tea by enhancing its nitrogen metabolism.
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Subba, Rashi, Binod C. Sharma und Aniruddha Saha. „CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILISING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE TEA RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL FROM DARJEELING HILLS“. Plant Archives 21, Nr. 2 (10.08.2021): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no2.106.
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Most soils contain insoluble inorganic phosphates but they are of no use to crops unless it is solubilised. Hence phosphate solubilising microorganisms play a key role in solubilising the tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and make it available to the plants. The present study was aimed to isolate and characterize the selected phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizospheric soil of tea from Singla Tea Estate, Darjeeling. Bacteria which showed clear zones in Pikovskaya’s agar were selected and screened for further characterization. The two isolates were found to solubilise TCP in Pikovskaya agar and were designated as GCS1 and GCS2. In vitro phosphate solubilisation ability of these isolates was determined and it was observed that phosphate solubilisation was associated with the reduction in the pH of the medium. These isolates were also found to produce growth promoting substance IAA. These isolates were found to survive well at different pH levels of 5, 7 and 9 and at two different temperatures (room temperature and 370C). Germination of fenugreek seeds were augmented by these isolates. The isolates were identified as Kurthia sp. (GCS1) and Bacillus cereus (GCS2) at IMTECH, Chandigarh, India. This study revealed the presence of potent phosphate solubilising bacteria from rhizosphere tea plants which may be used as bioinoculants after detailed on-farm as well as off-farm investigations.
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Muofhe, Mmboneni L., und Felix D. Dakora. „Modification of rhizosphere pH by the symbiotic legume Aspalathus linearis growing in a sandy acidic soil“. Functional Plant Biology 27, Nr. 12 (2000): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99198.
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Aspalathus linearis is a N2-fixing legume used for tea production, and grows in highly acidic soils (pH 3–5.3) of the Cederberg mountains in South Africa. Field and glasshouse studies revealed significantly higher pH in rhizosphere than non-rhizosphere soils. However, when six non-legume species were studied in adjacent fields, there were no differences in pH between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. The culture of A. linearis plants in sterile Leonard jars similarly showed a marked increase of 2.8 pH units in the nutrient solution bathing the roots of inoculated (nodulated) plants, compared to 1.5 pH units in uninoculated control. The uptake and reduction of NO3– by plants fed 2 mM NO3– also raised the rhizosphere pH by 3.5 units, a value comparable to that of the nodulated plants. The use of titrimetric methods showed that OH– and HCO3– were the components of alkalinity in the nutrient solution bathing roots of A. linearis, and were directly responsible for the increase in rhizosphere pH. These findings suggest that the ability to raise rhizosphere pH is an adaptative feature of this legume symbiosis that overcomes the adverse effects of low pH in enhancing nutrient acquisition and reducing trace element toxicity.
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Sarkar, Soumik, Subbiah Seenivasan und Robert Premkumar Samuel Asir. „Biodegradation of propargite by Pseudomonas putida, isolated from tea rhizosphere“. Journal of Hazardous Materials 174, Nr. 1-3 (Februar 2010): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.050.
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Wang, Yuhua, Qi Zhang, Jianjuan Li, Shaoxiong Lin, Xiaoli Jia, Qingxu Zhang, Jianghua Ye, Haibin Wang und Zeyan Wu. „Study on the Effect of pH on Rhizosphere Soil Fertility and the Aroma Quality of Tea Trees and Their Interactions“. Agriculture 13, Nr. 9 (01.09.2023): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091739.
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In order to fully comprehend the impact of soil acidification on the quality of tea, further analyses are essential and are of the utmost importance to the cultivation of tea trees and the simultaneous enhancement of tea quality. In May 2022, Tieguanyin tea trees planted in soils with different pH levels were selected as the research object of this study to analyze the effect of soil pH on the soil chemical index, soil fertility and the aroma quality of tea leaves. The results showed that the organic matter content, cation exchange capacity and the available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents in the rhizosphere soil of the tea trees decreased significantly with decreasing soil pH levels (5.32–3.29), while the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents did not change significantly. The results of an aroma quality analysis showed that the aroma of the Tieguanyin tea was mainly floral, and the formation of floral odor characteristics was mainly derived from geraniol. The results of an interaction network analysis showed that the soil chemical indexes were significantly positively correlated with geraniol and floral aromas except for the total phosphorus and total potassium contents. In conclusion, with a decrease in the pH of soil, the soil’s cation exchange capacity, organic matter content and available nutrient content showed decreasing trends which, in turn, hindered the synthesis of geraniol and reduced the floral odor characteristics of tea leaves.
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Bali, Rana, Jonathan Pineault, Pierre-Luc Chagnon und Mohamed Hijri. „Fresh Compost Tea Application Does Not Change Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community Structure, and Has No Effects on Soybean Growth or Yield“. Plants 10, Nr. 8 (10.08.2021): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081638.
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Soil bacteria drive key ecosystem functions, including nutrient mobilization, soil aggregation and crop bioprotection against pathogens. Bacterial diversity is thus considered a key component of soil health. Conventional agriculture reduces bacterial diversity in many ways. Compost tea has been suggested as a bioinoculant that may restore bacterial community diversity and promote crop performance under conventional agriculture. Here, we conducted a field experiment to test this hypothesis in a soybean-maize rotation. Compost tea application had no influence on bacterial diversity or community structure. Plant growth and yield were also unresponsive to compost tea application. Combined, our results suggest that our compost tea bacteria did not thrive in the soil, and that the positive impacts of compost tea applications reported elsewhere may be caused by different microbial groups (e.g., fungi, protists and nematodes) or by abiotic effects on soil (e.g., contribution of nutrients and dissolved organic matter). Further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms through which compost tea influences crop performance.
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Manzoor, Lifeng Ma, Kang Ni und Jianyun Ruan. „Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Tea Growth and Quality and Soil Properties of Tea Orchards’ Top Rhizosphere Soil“. Plants 13, Nr. 2 (11.01.2024): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13020207.
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Organic-based fertilizers have been ratified to be effective in ameliorating tea growth and the fertility of soil. However, the effect of integrated fertilization on tea growth and quality and the chemical properties of the soil in tea gardens are unclear. To address this, from 2020 to 2021, five different treatments were carried out in the greenhouse of the Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou, CAAS, including CK (control), NPK (chemical fertilizers), RC (rapeseed cake), NPK+B (chemical fertilizer + biochar), and NPK+RC, to investigate the effects of different fertilizations on soil chemistry and tea growth and quality. The results indicated that NPK+B and NPK+RC significantly improved the different amino acid and catechin concentrations in the young shoots, stems, and roots of the tea compared to the CK. The plant growth parameters, e.g., the plant height, no. of leaves, mid-stem girth, and fresh weights of stems and leaves, were significantly increased with integrated fertilization (NPK+B and NPK+RC) compared to the CK and solo organic and inorganic fertilizers. The chlorophyll contents (Chl a, Chl b, and Chl a+b) were generally higher with NPK+RC than with the CK (37%, 35%, and 36%), RC (14%, 26%, and 18%), and NPK (9%, 13%, and 11%) treatments. Integrated fertilization buffered the acidic soil of the tea garden and decreased the soil C:N ratio. NPK+RC also significantly increased the soil’s total C (31% and 16%), N (43% and 31%), P (65% and 40%), available P (31% and 58%), K (70% and 25%), nitrate (504% and 188%), and ammonium (267% and 146%) concentrations compared to the CK and RC. The soil macro- (Mg and Ca) and micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu) were significantly improved by the RC (100% and 72%) (49%, 161%, 112%, and 40%) and NPK+RC (88% and 48%) (47%, 75%, 45%, and 14%) compared to the CK. The chlorophyll contents and soil macro- and micronutrients were all significantly positively correlated with tea quality (amino acids and catechin contents) and growth. These results indicated that integrated fertilization improved the soil nutrient status, which is associated with the improvement of tea growth and quality. Thus, integrated nutrient management is a feasible tool for improving tea growth, quality, and low nutrient levels in the soil.
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El-maghraby, Fatma M., Eman M. Shaker, Mohssen Elbagory, Alaa El-Dein Omara und Tamer H. Khalifa. „The Synergistic Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Compost Tea to Enhance Bacterial Community and Improve Crop Productivity under Saline–Sodic Condition“. Plants 13, Nr. 5 (25.02.2024): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13050629.
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Soil salinity has a negative impact on the biochemical properties of soil and on plant growth, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus versiform) and foliar spray from compost tea as alleviating treatments, this study aimed to investigate the effects of alleviating salt stress on the growth and development of maize and wheat grown on a saline–sodic soil during the period of 2022/2023. Six treatments were used in the completely randomized factorial design experiment. The treatments included Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF0, AMF1) and varied concentrations of compost tea (CT0, CT50, and CT100). AMF colonization, the bacterial community and endosphere in the rhizosphere, respiration rate, growth parameters, and the productivity were all evaluated. The application of AMF and CT, either separately or in combination, effectively mitigated the detrimental effects caused by soil salinity. The combination of AMF and CT proved to be highly efficient in improving the infection rate of AMF, the bacterial community in the rhizosphere and endosphere, growth parameters, and grain yield of maize and wheat. Therefore, it can be proposed that the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi with compost tea in saline soils is an important strategy for enhancing salt tolerance in maize and wheat plants through improving microbial activity, the infection rate of AMF, and overall maize and wheat productivity.
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Zou, Yan, Yanni Zhong, Han Yu, Sabin Saurav Pokharel, Wanping Fang und Fajun Chen. „Impacts of Ecological Shading by Roadside Trees on Tea Foliar Nutritional and Bioactive Components, Community Diversity of Insects and Soil Microbes in Tea Plantation“. Biology 11, Nr. 12 (12.12.2022): 1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121800.
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Roadside trees not only add aesthetic appeal to tea plantations, but also serve important ecological purposes for the shaded tea plants. In this study, we selected tea orchards with two access roads, from east to west (EW-road) and from south to north (SN-road), and the roadside trees formed three types of ecological shading of the adjoining tea plants; i.e., south shading (SS) by the roadside trees on the EW-road, and east shading and west shading (ES and WS) by the roadside trees on the SN-road. We studied the impacts of ecological shading by roadside trees on the tea plants, insects, and soil microbes in the tea plantation, by measuring the contents of soluble nutrients, bioactive compounds in the tea, and tea quality indices; and by investigating the population occurrence of key species of insects and calculating insect community indexes, while simultaneously assaying the soil microbiome. The results vividly demonstrated that the shading formed by roadside tree lines on the surrounding tea plantation (SS, ES, and WS) had adverse effects on the concentration of tea soluble sugars but enhanced the foliar contents of bioactive components and improved the overall tea quality, in contrast to the no-shading control tea plants. In addition, the roadside tree lines seemed to be beneficial for the tea plantation, as they reduced pest occurrence, and ES shading enhanced the microbial soil diversity in the rhizosphere of the tea plants.
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Zhu, Haiyan, Zhongde Liu, Changrong Wang und Zhangcheng Zhong. „Effects of intercropping with persimmon on the rhizosphere environment of tea“. Frontiers of Biology in China 1, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2006): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11515-006-0054-3.
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Rahman, Ajmeri Sultana, Jayanta Barukial, Satya Ranjan Sarmah und Rupanjali Deb Baruah. „Elevated Temperature and Carbon Dioxide alter the Tea Rhizosphere Soil Dynamics“. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences 12, Nr. 3 (23.03.2024): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ajbls.2023.12.76.
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Singh, Shipra, Ajay Kumar, Anita Pandey und Lok Man S. Palni. „Dendrocalamus strictus ((Roxb.) Nees): A Suitable Host for the Maintenance and Propagation of AM Fungi under Temperate Conditions“. ISRN Soil Science 2012 (09.04.2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/607213.
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Dendrocalamus strictus ((Roxb.) Nees) was tested as a perennial host plant for propagation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal consortium, initially isolated from rhizosphere of tea plants growing in the colder regions. The host performance in terms of colonization and spore production was compared with two annual hosts. The mycorrhizal dependency and growth enhancement potential were analyzed to test the suitability of D. strictus as a host plant. After 90 days of growth, 77.2% roots of D. strictus were found to be colonized by AM fungi with a spore count of 7 per g soil. AM fungal colonization and spore density values were lower in case of the host plants tested. Growth of D. strictus plants was found to be enhanced, in terms of all studied parameters; significant increases were recorded in shoot length as well as fresh and dry weight of shoots, a part of commercial importance. Similarly, P content, protein concentration, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents were found to increase significantly. These data suggest that D. strictus can be used for the multiplication of AM fungi, isolated originally from the rhizosphere of tea; simultaneously, higher shoot biomass can provide additional economic benefit, using this environment friendly technology.
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Pandey, Anita, L. M. S. Palni und Nancy Coulomb. „Antifungal activity of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of established tea bushes“. Microbiological Research 152, Nr. 1 (Februar 1997): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0944-5013(97)80030-4.
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Pandey, Anita, und Lok Man S. Palni. „Bacillus species: The dominant bacteria of the rhizosphere of established tea bushes“. Microbiological Research 152, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1997): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0944-5013(97)80052-3.
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Meng, Zhen, Shuangshuang Xiang, Xue Wang, Jian Zhang, Guoxin Bai, Hongjun Liu, Rong Li und Qirong Shen. „Turning Waste into Wealth: Utilizing Trichoderma’s Solid-State Fermentation to Recycle Tea Residue for Tea Cutting Production“. Agronomy 14, Nr. 3 (04.03.2024): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14030526.
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Trichoderma is a widely recognized plant-growth-promoting fungus that has been extensively utilized in various agricultural applications. However, research on the economic production of Trichoderma spores and their effects on tea cuttings must be further advanced. In this study, T. guizhouense NJAU 4742 (NJAU 4742) emerged as a growth-promoting strain for tea cuttings, and the spore-production conditions of NJAU 4742 attained through solid-state fermentation (SSF) using tea residues were optimized. In a pot experiment, nursery substrates containing different concentrations of NJAU 4742 spores were tested for their influence on tea cutting growth and the rhizosphere fungal community. The optimal conditions for spore yield were determined as a 7:3 (w/w) ratio of tea residue to rice bran, a material thickness of 3 cm, an inoculum concentration of 15% (v/w), and an incubation time of 4 days, resulting in a spore count of 1.8 × 109 CFU/g. Applying NJAU 4742 spore products significantly increased the biomass of tea cuttings and influenced the fungal community composition. Moreover, higher concentrations of NJAU 4742 spores yielded better growth performance, and applying nursery substrate with 1.0 × 107 CFU/mL spores was the most economically viable option. Notably, among the top ten fungal genera with the highest relative abundance, Trichoderma showed a positive correlation with the fresh weight of tea cuttings, while the others exhibited a negative correlation. Overall, utilizing tea residue for SSF to produce NJAU 4742 was a feasible approach, and the application of NJAU 4742 spores enhanced the growth of tea cuttings by increasing the relative abundance of Trichoderma.
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Wen, Yubo, Yuanyuan Wang, Chunjun Tao, Wenbing Ji, Shunsheng Huang, Mo Zhou und Xianqiang Meng. „Bioavailability of Cd in Agricultural Soils Evaluated by DGT Measurements and the DIFS Model in Relation to Uptake by Rice and Tea Plants“. Agronomy 13, Nr. 9 (13.09.2023): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092378.
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The elevated accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and tea (Camellia sinensis L.) grown in agricultural soils may lead to a variety of adverse health effects. This study collected and analyzed crop samples along with paired rhizosphere soil samples from 61 sites in Cd-contaminated regions in Anhui Province, China. The findings revealed that both the diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and soil solution were capable of effectively predicting Cd contents in crops. Conventional chemical extraction methods were inappropriate to evaluate the bioavailability of Cd. However, the effective concentrations (CE) corrected by the DGT-induced fluxes in soils (DIFS) model exhibited the strongest correlation with crop Cd contents. Except for CE, various measurement methods yielded better results for predicting Cd bioavailability in tea compared to rice. Pearson’s correlation analysis and the random forest (RF) model identified the key influencing factors controlling Cd uptake by rice and tea, including pH, soil texture, and contents of zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) in soils, which antagonize Cd. To reduce the potential health risk from rice and tea, the application of soil liming and/or Se-oxidizing bacteria was expected to be an effective management strategy.
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Kanu, Sheku A., Jonathan O. Okonkwo und Felix D. Dakora. „Aspalathus linearis(Rooibos tea) as potential phytoremediation agent: a review on tolerance mechanisms for aluminum uptake“. Environmental Reviews 21, Nr. 2 (Juni 2013): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2012-0055.
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Aspalathus linearis (Burm. F.) R. Dahlg., commonly referred to as Rooibos tea, grows naturally in nutrient-poor, sandy, acidic soils (pH 3–5.3) with high aluminum concentration ranging from 110 to 275 μg Al g−1in the Cederberg’s mountainous areas in South Africa. Earlier studies found significant differences in Al concentration in organs of A. linearis, with roots having higher amounts (1262–4078 μg Al g−1), suggesting that the plant is capable of accumulating excess Al in acidic soils. Identification of the mineralogical constituents of organs of A. linearis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of an Al–Si complex (aluminosilicate or hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS) species) in the shoot and root, possibly to internally ameliorate Al toxicity. In addition, A. linearis has specialized cluster roots that exude Al-chelating organic acid ligands such as citric, malic, and malonic acids. Organic acids can bind strongly to Al in the plant and rhizosphere to reverse its phytotoxic effects to the plants. Field and glasshouse studies revealed significant differences in pH between rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils of A. linearis and also showed that roots of the plant release OH−and HCO3−anions to raise rhizosphere pH possibly to immobilize Al through complexation. Furthermore, A. linearis is easily infected by arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi, but mycorrhizal associations are known to inhibit transport of metallic cations into plant roots. These features of A. linearis are perceived as good indicators for bioremediation; and the plant could, therefore, be a suitable candidate for phytoremediation technologies such as phytoaccumulation, phytostabilization, and phytodegradation. The environmental and economic implications of the potential of A. linearis to bioremediate Al-contaminated soils are briefly discussed. Furthermore, this review briefly highlights future studies investigating the utilization of the shoot of A. linearis as adsorbent for the removal of trace and (or) heavy metal from aqueous solutions.
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Patkowska, Elżbieta. „Biostimulants Managed Fungal Phytopathogens and Enhanced Activity of Beneficial Microorganisms in Rhizosphere of Scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.)“. Agriculture 11, Nr. 4 (13.04.2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040347.
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The principles of good agricultural and horticultural practice, considering both environmental protection and high yielding of plants, require modern cultivation methods. In modern agriculture, it is possible to use biostimulants that protect the soil against degradation and plants against phytopathogens and stress. The purpose of 3-year field and laboratory studies was to determine the effect of Trichoderma harzianum T-22 and other biostimulants on the health status of scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.) plants and microorganism populations in the rhizosphere of this plant. For this purpose, Biosept Active (a.s.—grapefruit extract), Timorex Gold 24 EC (based on tea tree oil), Trianum P (spores of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22) and Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS fungicide (a.s.—tiuram) were applied for the pre-sowing seed dressing of scorzonera cv. “Duplex”. The number of seedlings and the health status of scorzonera plants were determined during three growing seasons. In each year of the study, mycological analysis of seedling roots and roots after scorzonera harvest was conducted to establish the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi colonizing these parts. Moreover, microbiological analyses of scorzonera rhzisphere soil were conducted and served as the basis to determine the total population of fungi and bacteria (including Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.). Antagonistic activity of rhizosphere bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and fungi was determined based on laboratory tests on selected scorzonera soil-borne fungal pathogens (Alternaria scorzonerae, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani). The experiments showed that Trianum P most effectively protected the roots of scorzonera against infection by Alternaria alternata, A. scorzonerae, Neocosmospora solani, Fusarium spp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea. The rhizosphere population of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the treatments with Trianum P or Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS was larger than in the other experimental treatments. A reverse relationship was observed in the population of rhizosphere fungi. The application of grapefruit extract, tea tree oil and Trichoderma harzianum T-22 increased antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and selected saprotrophic fungi against soil-borne fungal pathogens, especially Alternaria sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Fusarium sp. In summary, Biosept Active, Timorex Gold 24 EC and Trianum P can be recommended as plant biostimulants in Scorzonera hispanica cultivation.
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Mutai, Caroline C., Lizzy A. Mwamburi und Pixley K. Kipsumbai. „Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Population Dynamics of Soil Microorganisms in Tea Rhizosphere at Kericho, Kenya“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, Nr. 23 (21.12.2023): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i234247.
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Aim: The long-term cultivation of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) alters microorganism communities in the rhizosphere; it can increase saprotrophs, pathogenic microorganisms and reduce symbiotrophs. Fertilizers are sources of plant essential nutrients and can influence the activity and population of soil microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the effect of fertilization regimes on the population dynamics of soil microorganisms in the tea rhizosphere for its management.
Place and Duration: The study was carried out at the Tea Research Institute, Kericho, Kenya during the dry (February-March) and wet season (June-July).
Methodology: Two main fertilizer types; organic (Phymix) and inorganic (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium- NPK) and foliar fertilizer (Tecamin Max, Tecnokel Amino Mix) as sub treatments application at the rate of 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1), were applied in four replications. Sampling of soil was done before treatment application, during the dry season (February-March) and the wet season (June-July). The fungal and bacterial populations for both seasons were characterized. The data collected was analyzed using SAS (version 9) Statistical Software.
Results: The study showed that the fungal colony units varied significantly (P≤0.05) between the types of fertilizer both during dry and rainy season. The interactions of fertilizer type and rate also varied significantly (P≤0.05) for fungal populations during both seasons. No significant variation was noted for the bacterial population (cfu) for both seasons regardless of fertilizer type and rates. The fungi identified included; Cylindrocarpon spp., Trichoderma spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. Colletotrichum spp., Pestalotiopsis spp., and Fusarium spp. The bacteria included; Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Rhizobium spp., and Xanthomonas spp.
Conclusion: Organic fertilizer increased fungal populations significantly, an indication of enhanced soil health and may be recommended for use.
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Jia, X. L., J. H. Ye, H. B. Wang, Q. S. Li, Q. Zhang, L. Lu, Y. L. Hu, M. Z. Zheng, M. Jia und C. Z. Wu. „Bacterial community diversity in rhizosphere of tea plants using16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technique“. Allelopathy Journal 48, Nr. 2 (November 2019): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2019-48-2-1251.
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Zhu, Y., X. He, R. Huang, W. Wang, Y. Yu und T. Zhou. „Screening Bacillus subtilis for Effective L-theanine Production from Tea Plant Rhizosphere Soil“. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 58, Nr. 2 (24.03.2022): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s000368382202017x.
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Arofatullah, NA. „Molecular identification and in vitro propagation of arbuscular mycorrhiza from tea plant rhizosphere“. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 9, Nr. 1 (2019): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/cream/9/1/10.
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Li, Jian-Wu, Xin Li, Guo-Shuang Hao, Fang-Fang Zhang, Li Ruan, Manzoor und Wen-Zhi Wang. „Rhizosphere processes of tea (Camellia sinensis) plants under spatial heterogeneity of soil potassium“. Rhizosphere 17 (März 2021): 100299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2020.100299.
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Pandey, A., und L. M. S. Palni. „The rhizosphere effect of tea on soil microbes in a Himalayan monsoonal location“. Biology and Fertility of Soils 21, Nr. 3 (Februar 1996): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00335924.
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Pandey, Anita, und Lok Man S. Palni. „The rhizosphere effect of tea on soil microbes in a Himalayan monsoonal location“. Biology and Fertility of Soils 21, Nr. 3 (01.02.1996): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050038.
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Zhang, Y., F. Y. Chen, G. Y. Liu, X. L. Jia, X. Y. Wang, W. X. Lei, M. H. Chen, Q. Zhang, Q. S. Li und J. H. Ye. „Effects of environmental factors on fungal community diversity in rhizosphere of tea plants“. Allelopathy Journal 57, Nr. 2 (November 2022): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2022-57-2-1412.
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Bhattacharjee, *. Mrinal Kanti, P. B. Mazumder und G. D. Sharma. „Recognition of a Bacterial Isolate from “Rhizosphere” of a Tea Plant from a Tea Garden of Barak Valley, Assam (India).“ IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 9, Nr. 1 (2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-09145558.
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Jiang, Yuhang, Xiaoqin Lin, Muhammad Umar Khan, Wenjia Jiang, Yina Xu, Zhong Li und Wenxiong Lin. „Tea pruning for the umbrella-shaped canopy can alleviate rhizosphere soil degradation and improve the ecosystem functioning of tea orchards“. CATENA 222 (März 2023): 106885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106885.
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Zhang, Qi, Ying Zhang, Pengyao Miao, Meihui Chen, Mengru Du, Xiaomin Pang, Jianghua Ye, Haibin Wang und Xiaoli Jia. „Effects of Pruning on Tea Tree Growth, Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity“. Agronomy 13, Nr. 5 (25.04.2023): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051214.
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In order to investigate the effect of pruning on the soil environment in which tea trees grow and the growth of tea trees, this study used Wuyi Meizhan (Camellia sinensis) as a research object and measured its growth indexes, soil physicochemical indexes, soil enzyme activity and microbial functional diversity to analyze the effects of pruning treatments on the growth of tea trees, soil enzyme activity and soil microbial functional diversity and the correlation between them. The results of the analysis of tea tree growth indexes showed that the hundred-bud weight, leaf area and yield in the pruning treatment were significantly higher than those in the unpruned treatment. The results of soil physicochemical index analysis showed that pH, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were significantly higher in the pruning treatment than in the unpruned treatment (p < 0.05), while available nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly lower than in unpruned treatment (p < 0.05). The results of soil enzyme activities showed that only polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities were significantly higher in the pruning than in the unpruned treatment, while urease, protease, acid phosphatase, asparaginase and glutaminase activities were significantly lower than in the unpruned treatment (p < 0.05). Biolog analysis showed that the utilization of microbial carbon sources, especially amino acid and amine, increased in the rhizosphere soil of the pruned tea tree, while there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in microbial diversity. It is evident that pruning promoted tea tree growth and some enzyme activity, while inhibiting the activity of enzymes associated with the nitrogen cycle, and the utilization of microbial carbon sources increased, but their diversity decreased. This study provides a theoretical basis for the daily management of tea plantation after pruning.
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Lin, Weiwei, Manhong Lin, Hongyan Zhou, Hongmiao Wu, Zhaowei Li und Wenxiong Lin. „The effects of chemical and organic fertilizer usage on rhizosphere soil in tea orchards“. PLOS ONE 14, Nr. 5 (28.05.2019): e0217018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217018.
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HE, HaiBin, HaiBin WANG, Qi ZHANG, JiangHua YE, Sheng LIN, YuHua WANG, ShunXian LIN, Li DING und QingXu ZHANG. „Construction of the microbial protein metabolism map of tea rhizosphere soil in acidified plantations“. SCIENTIA SINICA Vitae 50, Nr. 8 (02.06.2020): 849–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/ssv-2020-0008.
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Saikia, Ratul, Rupak K. Sarma, Archana Yadav und Tarun C. Bora. „Genetic and Functional Diversity Among the Antagonistic Potential Fluorescent Pseudomonads Isolated from Tea Rhizosphere“. Current Microbiology 62, Nr. 2 (06.08.2010): 434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-010-9726-y.
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Wu, Chao, Juan Peng und Tingting Song. „An Integrated Investigation of the Relationship between Two Soil Microbial Communities (Bacteria and Fungi) and Chrysanthemum Zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. Wilt Disease“. Microorganisms 12, Nr. 2 (06.02.2024): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020337.
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Chrysanthemum wilt is a plant disease that exerts a substantial influence on the cultivation of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (Herb.) for tea and beverage production. The rhizosphere microbial population exhibits a direct correlation with the overall health of plants. Therefore, studying the rhizosphere microbial community of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. is of great significance for finding methods to control this disease. This study obtained rhizosphere soil samples from both diseased and healthy plant individuals and utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze their microbial composition. The results showed that the rhizosphere microbial diversity decreased significantly, and the microbial community structure changed significantly. In the affected soil, the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as rhizospora and Phytophthora was greatly increased, while the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as antagonistic fungi and actinomyces was greatly decreased. In addition, this study also found that soil environmental variables have an important impact on plant resistance; the environmental factors mainly include soil properties, content of major microorganisms, and resistance characteristics of samples. Redundancy analysis showed that the drug-resistant population had a greater impact on the 10 species with the highest abundance, and the environmental factors were more closely related to the sensitive population. In the fungal community, the resistant sample group was more sensitive to the influence of environmental factors and high-abundance fungi. These findings provide a theoretical basis for improving microbial community structure by optimizing fertilization structure, thus affecting the distribution of bacteria and fungi, and thus improving the disease resistance of chrysanthemum. In addition, by regulating and optimizing microbial community structure, new ideas and methods can be provided for the prevention and control of chrysanthemum wilt disease.
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Ibrahim, Mohammed, Xin Du, Manjree Agarwal, Giles Hardy, Muslim Abdulhussein und Yonglin Ren. „Influence of Benzyladenine on Metabolic Changes in Different Rose Tissues“. Plants 7, Nr. 4 (02.11.2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants7040095.
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Two modern rose varieties, Floribunda and Hybrid Tea, were used to analyze and identify metabolic changes after foliar application with benzyladenine (BA). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as metabolites were detected. Two pairs of doses of BA, at 11.16 and 17.87 mg/cm2, and 7.17 and 12.26 mg/cm2 were applied to the foliage of Hybrid Tea and Floribunda, respectively. Sampling time was optimized and treatment duration was 4 weeks. After treatment, the volatiles from the treated and untreated control roses were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technology by three-phase fiber 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a flame ionization detector (FID), and with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The results showed that BA and its dose rate led to metabolic changes of treated roses in comparison with untreated controls. The number of VOCs extracted and detected from leaves, stem, rhizosphere and whole plants from the two rose varieties at doses rate of 17.87 and 12.26 mg/cm2 were 43, 65, 40 and 68 compounds for each plant material, respectively, for both rose varieties. Whilst the VOCs extracted and detected from both rose varieties for leaves, stem, rhizosphere and whole plants were 38, 61, 34 and 66 compounds for each plant material, respectively. The results demonstrate that some volatiles, such as 4-Heptyn-2-ol, Phenyl methyl ether and 3-Methyl-apopinene, increased with increasing doses of BA; these compounds are aroma chemicals with a very powerful smell. This study shows that BA treatments can have a significant effect on metabolite changes in different rose tissues. This method could be applied to other floriculture plants.