Thematische Bibliographien / Tea Pest

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Tea Pest“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Tea Pest"

1

Yang, Zijia, Hailin Feng, Yaoping Ruan und Xiang Weng. „Tea Tree Pest Detection Algorithm Based on Improved Yolov7-Tiny“. Agriculture 13, Nr. 5 (09.05.2023): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13051031.

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Timely and accurate identification of tea tree pests is critical for effective tea tree pest control. We collected image data sets of eight common tea tree pests to accurately represent the true appearance of various aspects of tea tree pests. The dataset contains 782 images, each containing 1~5 different pest species randomly distributed. Based on this dataset, a tea garden pest detection and recognition model was designed using the Yolov7-tiny network target detection algorithm, which incorporates deformable convolution, the Biformer dynamic attention mechanism, a non-maximal suppression algorithm module, and a new implicit decoupling head. Ablation experiments were conducted to compare the performance of the models, and the new model achieved an average accuracy of 93.23%. To ensure the validity of the model, it was compared to seven common detection models, including Efficientdet, Faster Rcnn, Retinanet, DetNet, Yolov5s, YoloR, and Yolov6. Additionally, feature visualization of the images was performed. The results demonstrated that the Improved Yolov7-tiny model developed was able to better capture the characteristics of tea tree pests. The pest detection model proposed has promising application prospects and has the potential to reduce the time and economic cost of pest control in tea plantations.
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2

Rahmah, N. N., D. Sartiami und R. Y. M. Kusumah. „Diversity and Population Dynamics of Pest in Sambawa Tea Plantation, West Java“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1208, Nr. 1 (01.07.2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1208/1/012025.

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Abstract Tea plants are grown in monoculture on a large scale, so that can be a caused pest in the high population. This study aims to determine the diversity and dynamics of pest populations in Sambawa tea plantations in West Java. Tea pests are found in the crop and on the leaves picked at the plant. The dynamics of the pest population were noted by observing the area of attack, the intensity of the attack, and population density. Twenty-one pests on tea plants were identified based on their morphological characteristics and symptoms. Among them, seven species attack bud and young leaf, two species attack old leaf, twelve species attack young and old leaves, and one pest attacks tree trunk. Twelve pests were carried to the factory’s withering tub of leaves. Tea green leafhopper (Empoasca sp.), tea leaf roller (Caloptilia theivora), tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis bradyi), and tea tortrix (Adoxophyes sp. and Homona coffearia) were the main pests at the observation site. The population of tea green leafhoppers decreased after the second application of pesticides, post-picking, and heavy rains. The tea leaf roller was not found after the first and second pesticide applications. The population of tea leaf rollers began to increase during picking until the last observation. The highest population of tea mosquito bugs was found after the second pesticide application. The population of tea tortrix decreased after the second pesticide application.
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Ekka, Preety, Azariah Babu und Lakhi Ram Saikia. „POTENTIAL OF NEW STRAIN OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA ISOLATED FROM TINSUKIA (ASSAM) AGAINST TEA MOSQUITO BUG HELOPELTIS THEIVORA WATERHOUSE (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)“. Journal of Biopesticides 12, Nr. 01 (01.06.2019): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.12.1.104-108.

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ABSTRACT Tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse, is the major sucking pest of tea plant. It mainly attacks the young shoots essential for tea production. In lacunae of proper management, the pest remains active throughout the year resulting in almost 100% crop loss. To manage the population of this pest below Economic Threshold Level (ETL) of 5%, several rounds of chemical pesticides are applied during the season. Tea, being a consumable product; the unwanted pesticide residue cause a major concern for the tea industry. Thus, incorporation of alternate strategies like Biological Control Agents (BCA) in pest management programme is important to overcome the problems besides prevent the pest from developing resistance. The BCAs like entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi and virus are effective in an eco-friendly management of the pest population. The entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana has been found to be effective pest control agent in several agro ecosystems including tea. Commercial B. bassiana formulations are available but the local strains are reported to be more efficient in managing the pest population. The present study was aimed to analyze the potential of a new strain of B. bassiana named as BPA/B7 (I.D. No. 10,928.8) isolated from tea soils of Tinsukia (Assam) against H. theivora. The efficacy of six concentrations (5 mlL-1, 10 mlL-1, 15 mlL-1, 20 mlL-1 and 25 mlL-1 ) of powder formulation of BPA/B7 was compared with a commercial formulation to estimate the LC50 of the same. The BPA/B7 (B. bassiana with a spore density of 1.68X106 spores/ml was found to kill 50% of H. theivora at a concentration of 21.87 mlL-1 within 96hrs. Further studies on the standardization of both liquid/powder formulations, shelf life studies, followed by their field evlauation, will ensure the possibility of utilizing this strain as a potential componemt of intergrated management of H. theivora.
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E., Sankarganesh, Lavanya Sravani B., Rajeshwaran B. und Mounika M.N. „Tea Mosquito Bug (Helopeltis spp.): A Pest of Economically Important Fruit and Plantation Crops: Its Status and Management Prospects“. Plant Health Archives 1, Nr. 2 (17.07.2023): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54083/pha/1.2.2023/18-28.

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The tea mosquito bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) is the recognized pest of fruits and plantations across the world. In India, three species viz. Helopeltis antonii, H. bradyi and H. theivora are dominant among different species and found attacking a wide range of crops. Several alternate host plants of the tea mosquito bug have been recorded, especially in Africa and Asia. The nymphs and adults of the tea mosquito bug suck the sap from leaves, buds and shoots, which results in heavy crop losses. The pest is posing a serious challenge in domestic and overseas trades. For better management decisions, it is very much important to know about pest status, bionomics, distribution, host range, etc. The focus on the management of tea mosquito bug has to emphasize from chemical to traditional, indigenous technical knowledge and integrated pest management using the accessible resources to reduce the resistance development and limit the residual effects. This review highlights the significant works conducted on tea mosquito bug with detailed management strategies. The information on current status, host preference, incidence and early detection of this pest are discussed.
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Jlcai, Tan, Deng-Xing und Qin Zunbing. „INTEGRATIVE PEST MANAGEMENT IN TEA PLANTATION“. HortScience 28, Nr. 5 (Mai 1993): 484d—484. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.484d.

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Two major measures were practiced in Dongshanfeng State Farm in Hunan province of China from 1988-1992. a/ Plant trees and readjust structure of crops to protect the natural enviornment and ecosystem of the tea plantation; b/ Put chemical control under ecological blance by using agricultural technical measures as the basic way and natural control of insectpest as the leading technigues. It showed the total average of poisonous element in air SO2 0.025mg/Km3, NOx 0.009mg/Km3, Tsp 0.059mg/km3; there were no-pollution in water of irrigate the fields, the tea plantation soils and the made tea; the quanting of natural enemy intea plantation were increased It had benefited of farm greatly both in production and ecology.
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Qin, Huaguang, Wuxuan Hong, Zehua Qi, Yinghong Hu, Rui Shi, Shuyuan Wang, Yuxi Wang et al. „A Temperature-Dependent Model for Tritrophic Interactions Involving Tea Plants, Tea Green Leafhoppers and Natural Enemies“. Insects 13, Nr. 8 (29.07.2022): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13080686.

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The tea green leaf hopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, is a severe pest of tea plants. Volatile emissions from tea shoots infested by the tea green leafhopper may directly repel insect feeding or attract natural enemies. Many studies have been conducted on various aspects of the tritrophic relationship involving tea plants, tea green leafhoppers and natural enemies. However, mathematic models which could explain the dynamic mechanisms of this tritrophic interaction are still lacking. In the current work, we constructed a realistic and stochastic model with temperature-dependent features to characterize the tritrophic interactions in the tea agroecosystem. Model outputs showed that two leafhopper outbreaks occur in a year, with their features being consistent with field observations. Simulations showed that daily average effective accumulated temperature (EAT) might be an important metric for outbreak prediction. We also showed that application of slow-releasing semiochemicals, as either repellents or attractants, may be highly efficacious for pest biocontrol and can significantly increase tea yields. Furthermore, the start date of applying semiochemicals can be optimized to effectively increase tea yields. The current model qualitatively characterizes key features of the tritrophic interactions and provides critical insight into pest control in tea ecosystems.
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Zhang, Chang-Rong, Mei Liu, Fei-Xue Ban, Xiao-Li Shang, Shao-Lan Liu, Ting-Ting Mao, Xing-Yuan Zhang und Jun-Rui Zhi. „Establishment of a Faba Bean Banker Plant System with Predator Orius strigicollis for the Control of Thrips Dendrothrips minowai on Tea Plants under Laboratory Conditions“. Insects 12, Nr. 5 (29.04.2021): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12050397.

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The stick tea thrip Dendrothrips minowai (Priesner) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a destructive pest in tea plantations in south and southwest China. To control this pest, a non-crop banker plant system was developed using a polyphagous predator Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) with the black bean aphid Aphis fabae (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as an alternative prey and the faba bean Vicia faba as the banker plant to support the predator in targeting the pest. The fitness of A. fabae on tea plants and faba bean was evaluated to determine its host specificity. Moreover, the control efficacy of the banker plant system on D. minowai on tea plants was tested in the laboratory and compared with that of direct release of O. strigicollis. The experiments showed that faba bean was an excellent non-crop host for A. fabae because, while the aphid population increased quickly on faba bean, it could only survive for up to 9 days on tea plants. Compared with direct release of O. strigicollis, lower densities of pest were observed when introducing the banker plant system. Our results indicate that this banker plant system has the potential to be implemented in the field to improve the control of the pest thrips.
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DADA, Ebenezer O., Simeon O. NWANI, Sekinat M. YUSUFF und Yusuf O. BALOGUN. „Biopesticide and biofertilizer potential of tropical earthworm vermicast tea“. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 15, Nr. 3 (28.09.2023): 11343. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311343.

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The adverse effects of chemical pesticides have continued to drive the search for safe, biological alternatives. Studies on biopesticide potential of earthworm casts have remained largely limited to those of temperate earthworms. We evaluated the insect pest repellency and growth-promoting potential of tropical earthworm-derived vermicast tea on the seedlings of Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Zea mays (maize) and Phaseolus vulgaris (bean). Field-sourced earthworm casts were soaked in water for 48 hours, routinely stirred every 6 hours, and filtered through a fine mesh cloth. The filtrate was the vermicast tea. Seedlings grown in garden soil were sprayed with vermicast tea every four days. The seedlings were monitored for insect pest-induced leaf damage and growth performance for 5 weeks. Vermicast tea exhibited insect pest repellency effect on groundnut and bean seedlings, as evidenced by the significantly lower (p<0.01) insect pest attack on the treated seedlings, as against the untreated that recorded high pest infestations. However, leaf damage was relatively low in maize seedlings, and the differences in percentage leaf damage among the treated and untreated were not significant (p>0.05). The effect of vermicast tea on the physical growth of seedlings was positive, but marginal. This result calls for increased research on tropical earthworms.
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Wang, Yinkai, Renjie Xu, Di Bai und Haifeng Lin. „Integrated Learning-Based Pest and Disease Detection Method for Tea Leaves“. Forests 14, Nr. 5 (14.05.2023): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14051012.

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Currently, the detection of tea pests and diseases remains a challenging task due to the complex background and the diverse spot patterns of tea leaves. Traditional methods of tea pest detection mainly rely on the experience of tea farmers and experts in specific fields, which is complex and inefficient and can easily lead to misclassification and omission of diseases. Currently, a single detection model is often used for tea pest and disease identification; however, its learning and perception capabilities are insufficient to complete target detection of pests and diseases in complex tea garden environments. To address the problem that existing target detection algorithms are difficult to identify in the complex environment of tea plantations, an integrated learning-based pest detection method is proposed to detect one disease (Leaf blight) and one pest (Apolygus lucorμm), and to perform adaptive learning and extraction of tea pests and diseases. In this paper, the YOLOv5 weakly supervised model is selected, and it is found through experiments that the GAM attention mechanism’s introduction on the basis of YOLOv5’s network can better identify the Apolygus lucorμm; the introduction of CBAM attention mechanism significantly enhances the effect of identifying Leaf blight. After integrating the two modified YOLOv5 models, the prediction results were processed using the weighted box fusion (WBF) algorithm. The integrated model made full use of the complementary advantages among the models, improved the feature extraction ability of the model and enhanced the detection capability of the model. The experimental findings demonstrate that the tea pest detection algorithm effectively enhances the detection ability of tea pests and diseases with an average accuracy of 79.3%. Compared with the individual models, the average accuracy improvement was 8.7% and 9.6%, respectively. The integrated algorithm, which may serve as a guide for tea disease diagnosis in field environments, has improved feature extraction capabilities, can extract more disease feature information, and better balances the model’s recognition accuracy and model complexity.
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Podder, S., H. Biswas, G. K. Saha und S. K. Gupta. „Life cycle of Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tea leaves in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India“. Animal Biology 64, Nr. 4 (2014): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002449.

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The tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.), has been cultivated since ancient time and is host to several pest species that can significant reduce productivity. One such pest species is the tea red spider mite. The life cycle of this species, Oligonychus coffeae, Nienter was studied on tea leaves in Darjeeling under laboratory conditions at 20°C and 65% relative humidity. Observations were recorded on freshly laid eggs on tea leaves and continued until individuals reached adulthood. The eggs required an average of 16.17 days to develop into adults. The average longevity of adult was 28.67 days. Our findings contribute to the understanding of mite abundance and population fluctuations in different seasons and climates, and will hopefully help to devise a management strategy for this pest species.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Tea Pest"

1

Roy, Somnath. „Evolution of the levels of insecticide susceptibility of helopeltis theivora waterhouse (Heteroptera : miridae) and development of an efficacious strategy for management of the pest in dooars tea plantation of North Bengal“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1563.

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Basnet, Kumar. „Enzyme-based detection of pesticide tolerance in the sucking tea pest, helopeltis theivora waterhouse (insecta: heteroptera: miridae) with a study on bio-ecological aspects of its common spider predator from the terai tea plantations of Darjeeling foothills and plains“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2626.

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Ghosh, Bappaditya. „Genetic Characterization of Nucleopolyhedrovirus Isolated from Hyposidra talaca Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a Tea Pest in Terai Region of Darjeeling Foothills, India“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5086.

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Encalada, Salazar Ashley, Agüero Gabriela Giraldo, Meza Juan Andres Olivos, García Adrián Joel Ruiz und Lopez Cesar Ullilen. „Proyecto Meaw Tea“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652793.

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Este proyecto surgió en base a que pudimos identificar que a pesar de que las personas que tienen un gato como mascota están aumentando, siguen siendo escasos los productos para la salud de estos. Además, de que encontramos en base a ciertos experimentos que estas mascotas suelen enfermarse con frecuencia desarrollando comportamientos (agresividad, ansiedad, excitación, no hacer uso de su arenero o nerviosismo) que suelen preocupar a su dueño. Descubriendo que el principal motivo de estos males para los gatos es el estrés. Es que hemos planteado en nuestra idea de producto una bebida hecha principalmente en base de Nepeta Cataria o mejor conocida como menta para gatos. Esta planta es atractiva para el gato y de igual forma lo relaja, produciendo una mejora en su comportamiento. Otros efectos positivos encontrados es que incita a los gatos al juego, lo que los hace que se vuelvan más activos físicamente evitando la obesidad. Asimismo, hace que el gato no presente caída de pelaje o se autolesione. Igualmente, incluimos la valeriana para que esta planta pueda reforzar el sistema nervioso, añadiendo más efectividad al momento de relajar al gato. Además, la valeriana añade un efecto antiinflamatorio intestinal que ayuda a la digestión del gato. Meaw Tea se va a enfocar en un segmento específico, el cual es Lima Metropolitana, abarcando así 5 distritos: Miraflores, San Isidro, Jesús María, Surco y La molina. Siendo estos lugares los primeros que obtendrán nuestro producto para el cuidado de la salud de su gato.
This project came up from the fact that we were able to identify that even though people who have a cat as a pet are increasing, their health products are still scarce. Based on certain experiments we found that these pets often get sick frequently developing behaviors (aggressiveness, anxiety, excitement, not using their litter box or nervousness) that usually worry their owner. Discovering that the main reason for these ills for cats is stress. It is that we have proposed in our product idea a drink that is mainly based on Nepeta Cataria or better known as mint for cats. This plant is attractive to the cat and relaxes it, producing an improvement in its behavior. Other positive effects we found are that it encourages cats to play, which makes them become more physically active while avoiding obesity. It also prevents the cat from hair loss or self-harm. Additionally, we include valerian so this plant can support the nervous system, adding more effectiveness to relax the cat. Also, valerian adds an anti-inflammatory intestinal effect that helps the cat to digest. Meaw Tea is going to focus on a specific segment, which is Metropolitan Lima, covering 5 districts: Miraflores, San Isidro, Jesús María, Surco and La Molina. These places are going to be the first to obtain our product for the health care of their cat.
Trabajo de investigación
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Encalada, Salazar Ashley, Agüero Gabriela Giraldo, Meza Juan Andres Olivos, García Adrián Joel Ruiz und Lopez Cesar Eduardo Ullilen. „Proyecto Meaw Tea“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652793.

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Este proyecto surgió en base a que pudimos identificar que a pesar de que las personas que tienen un gato como mascota están aumentando, siguen siendo escasos los productos para la salud de estos. Además, de que encontramos en base a ciertos experimentos que estas mascotas suelen enfermarse con frecuencia desarrollando comportamientos (agresividad, ansiedad, excitación, no hacer uso de su arenero o nerviosismo) que suelen preocupar a su dueño. Descubriendo que el principal motivo de estos males para los gatos es el estrés. Es que hemos planteado en nuestra idea de producto una bebida hecha principalmente en base de Nepeta Cataria o mejor conocida como menta para gatos. Esta planta es atractiva para el gato y de igual forma lo relaja, produciendo una mejora en su comportamiento. Otros efectos positivos encontrados es que incita a los gatos al juego, lo que los hace que se vuelvan más activos físicamente evitando la obesidad. Asimismo, hace que el gato no presente caída de pelaje o se autolesione. Igualmente, incluimos la valeriana para que esta planta pueda reforzar el sistema nervioso, añadiendo más efectividad al momento de relajar al gato. Además, la valeriana añade un efecto antiinflamatorio intestinal que ayuda a la digestión del gato. Meaw Tea se va a enfocar en un segmento específico, el cual es Lima Metropolitana, abarcando así 5 distritos: Miraflores, San Isidro, Jesús María, Surco y La molina. Siendo estos lugares los primeros que obtendrán nuestro producto para el cuidado de la salud de su gato.
This project came up from the fact that we were able to identify that even though people who have a cat as a pet are increasing, their health products are still scarce. Based on certain experiments we found that these pets often get sick frequently developing behaviors (aggressiveness, anxiety, excitement, not using their litter box or nervousness) that usually worry their owner. Discovering that the main reason for these ills for cats is stress. It is that we have proposed in our product idea a drink that is mainly based on Nepeta Cataria or better known as mint for cats. This plant is attractive to the cat and relaxes it, producing an improvement in its behavior. Other positive effects we found are that it encourages cats to play, which makes them become more physically active while avoiding obesity. It also prevents the cat from hair loss or self-harm. Additionally, we include valerian so this plant can support the nervous system, adding more effectiveness to relax the cat. Also, valerian adds an anti-inflammatory intestinal effect that helps the cat to digest. Meaw Tea is going to focus on a specific segment, which is Metropolitan Lima, covering 5 districts: Miraflores, San Isidro, Jesús María, Surco and La Molina. These places are going to be the first to obtain our product for the health care of their cat.
Trabajo de investigación
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6

Saha, Dhiraj. „Assessment of Population Variability at Subcellular Level of Some Common Sucking Tea Pests from Darjeeling Hill and its Adjoining Plain“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/951.

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Sarker, Mayukh. „A Study on certain hydrolases and oxidoreductases of major arthropod pests of tea from Darjeeling foothill and its adjoining plain“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1080.

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Pathak, Sunil Kumar. „Population dynamics and feeding impact of some sucking pests on Darjeeling Tea“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1046.

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De, Damayanti. „Study on the entomapathogenic bacteria of major lepidopteran tea pests and evaluation of their prospect as biopesticide“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1422.

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Sato, Jun. „Studies on Microbiological Control during Tea Beverage Production with PET Bottle Filling“. Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150796.

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Bücher zum Thema "Tea Pest"

1

Ahmed, Mainuddin. Tea pest management. Barguna, Bangladesh: Saleha Begum, 2005.

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Ian, Southwell, und Lowe Robert, Hrsg. Tea tree: The genus Melaleuca. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Shukla, P. K. Diseases and insect pests of teak. Jabalpur: Tropical Forest Research Institute, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, 2001.

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Cha shu bing chong. Beijing: Nong ye chu ban she, 1985.

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Zhongguo cha shu bing chong ce bao ban fa. Hefei Shi: Anhui ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1986.

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Cunningham, Alan Blain. Inside this fragile tear: Art, poetry, stories, and songs in memory of lost animal companions. Scottsdale, Ariz: Agreka LLC, 2006.

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United Planters' Association of Southern India. Tea Research Institute., Hrsg. Project report on forecasting blister blight disease and biology and control of primary root diseases in tea, April 1991 to March 1996. Valparai, Coimbatore Dist: UPASI Tea Research Institute, 1996.

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Great expectations: The San Francisco 49ers and the quest for the "three-peat". Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub., 1991.

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Canada. Agriculture Canada. Recommendations for a revised federal pest management regulatory system: final report of the Pesticide Registration Review Team. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1991.

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Canada. Federal Pesticide Registration Review Team., Hrsg. Recommendations for a revised federal pest management regulatory system: Final report of the Pesticide Registration Review Team. Ottawa, Ont: Pesticide Registration Review, 1990.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Tea Pest"

1

Muraleedharan, N. „Pest control in Asia“. In Tea, 375–412. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2326-6_12.

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Rattan, P. S. „Pest and disease control in Africa“. In Tea, 331–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2326-6_10.

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Sun, Jing, Shaowen Li, Li Zhang, Chao Liu, Huiyuan Zhao und Jingui Yang. „Ontology Construction in Tea Pest Domain“. In Linked Data and Knowledge Graph, 228–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54025-7_20.

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Patnaik, Pratiksha, A. Artala, S. A. Abbasi, Tabassum-Abbasi und Tasneem Abbasi. „An Emerging Organic Fertilizer-Cum-Pest Repellant: Vermicompost Tea“. In Advances in Sustainable Development, 225–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4400-9_16.

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Handique, Gautam, und Somnath Roy. „Nonchemical Pest Management Approaches in Tea Ecosystem: Evading the Pesticide Trap“. In Innovative Pest Management Approaches for the 21st Century, 255–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0794-6_13.

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Prasad, Anjali Km, und Ananda Mukhopadhyay. „Artificial Diet Designing: Its Utility in Management of Defoliating Tea Pests (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)“. In Innovative Pest Management Approaches for the 21st Century, 165–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0794-6_9.

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Naik, C. Manja, A. K. Chakravarthy, Timmanna und N. E. Thyagaraj. „Sustainable Management of Tea Mosquito Bug Helopeltis antonii Signoret (Miridae: Hemiptera) on Cashew“. In New Horizons in Insect Science: Towards Sustainable Pest Management, 389–96. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2089-3_34.

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Sinniah, Ganga Devi, und Padmini Dharmalatha Senanayake. „Microbial Technologies in Pest and Disease Management of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)“. In Microbial Technology for Sustainable Environment, 325–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3840-4_19.

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Mukhopadhyay, Ananda, Soma Das und Kumar Basnet. „Pests of Indian Tea Plantations“. In Pests and Their Management, 649–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8687-8_20.

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Hazarika, L. K., K. C. Puzari und Seema Wahab. „Biological Control of Tea Pests“. In Biocontrol Potential and its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture, 159–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1377-3_11.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Tea Pest"

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M, Abinaya, Alfred Daniel J, Santhosh R, Parthasarathy V, Saravana Kumar G, Somnath Roy und Bappaditya Kanrar. „Efficiency of IDRONE Technology in Finding Pest-Free Solutions for Tea Farming-Looper Caterpillar and Tea Leaf Hopper“. In 2023 International Conference on Emerging Research in Computational Science (ICERCS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icercs57948.2023.10434102.

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K, Malathi, N. Mohanasundaram, Santhosh R, Parthasarathy V, Saravana Kumar G, Somnath Roy und Bappaditya Kanrar. „Identification Tea Pest Infestation Against Red Spider Mite And Red Slug Catterpillar“. In 2023 International Conference on Emerging Research in Computational Science (ICERCS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icercs57948.2023.10434106.

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Yang, Fang, Junde Chen, Fuping Ren, Zihao Wang, Ziyuan Li und Shuyu Jiang. „An Integration Deep Learning Model for the Oil-tea Camellia Disease and Pest Recognition“. In 2023 2nd International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Computer Engineering (ICARCE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarce59252.2024.10492594.

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Lin, Yu-Hung, Xiu-Rui Lin und Shih-Fang Chen. „Application of Hyperspectral Imaging for Identification of Types and Levels of Pest Damage on Tea Leaves“. In 2023 Omaha, Nebraska July 9-12, 2023. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202300398.

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Lu, Di. „Analyze the Marketing Strategies of New-tea Drinks Industry by the SWOT and PEST Tools-Take Nayuki as an Example“. In 2022 7th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220405.019.

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Pramanik, Chanchal. „Analytical approach to develop decision support system for managingHyposidra talaca,a major pest of tea in Dooars region of eastern India“. In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114108.

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Samanta, R. K., und Indrajit Ghosh. „Mining a tea insect pests database“. In 2012 3rd National Conference on Emerging Trends and Applications in Computer Science (NCETACS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ncetacs.2012.6203298.

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Souza, Francisco Carlos M., Elio M. Costa, Alexandre T. Matinelli, Lincoln M. Costa und Alinne C. C. Souza. „FugaPet-Rotas: Um algoritmo inteligente para recomendação de rotas visando buscar animais desaparecidos“. In Escola Regional de Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eres.2022.227993.

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O mercado de animais de estimação no Brasil é um dos setores que tem crescido significativamente, o qual vai de franquias especializadas em banho e tosa por aplicativo até seguros e planos de saúde. Neste contexto, surgiu a startup FugaPet que visa auxiliar tutores a encontrar pets desaparecidos. A partir da solução desenvolvida pela startup FugaPet, o artigo visa apresentar um algoritmo inteligente para recomendar caminhos que auxiliem tutores na procura do seu pet desaparecido. Para viabilizar o algoritmo, foi desenvolvido um webapp a fim de coletar dados de tutores voluntários sobre a localização em que um pet foi encontrado. Os resultados alcançados indicam que é possível recomendar rotas que minimizem o esforço para procurar um animal desaparecido. Portanto, pode-se afirmar que, por meio de um experimento com 50 repetições, o algoritmo consegue chegar na maioria das vezes na mesma solução ou em soluções muito próximas do ideal.
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Alves, Bruna Custódio, Mirela Vitória Domiciano und Vinicius Monteglione de Oliveira. „APLICATIVO PET-TEC“. In VI Simpósio de Iniciação Científica: Ciência como ferramenta de transformação da Sociedade. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/1386870.6-87.

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Huang, Qiang, Youzhi Tao, Shitao Ding, Yongbo Liu und Francesco Marinello. „Automatic Construction of Knowledge Graph of Tea Diseases and Pests“. In 18th Conference on Computer Science and Intelligence Systems. PTI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2023f6100.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Tea Pest"

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Messelink, G. J. Team building in biocontrol : An ecosystem approach in biological pest control in greenhouse cropping systems. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/555184.

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Gershberg, Alec. Political Economy Research to Improve Systems of Education: Guiding Principles for the RISE Program’s PET-A Research Projects. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/030.

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Eneroth, Hanna, Hanna Karlsson Potter und Elin Röös. Environmental impact of coffee, tea and cocoa – data collection for a consumer guide for plant-based foods. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.2n3m2d2pjl.

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In 2020, WWF launched a consumer guide on plant-based products targeting Swedish consumers. The development of the guide is described in a journal paper (Karlsson Potter & Röös, 2021) and the environmental impact of different plant based foods was published in a report (Karlsson Potter, Lundmark, & Röös, 2020). This report was prepared for WWF Sweden to provide scientific background information for complementing the consumer guide with information on coffee, tea and cocoa. This report includes quantitative estimations for several environmental categories (climate, land use, biodiversity and water use) of coffee (per L), tea (per L) and cocoa powder (per kg), building on the previously established methodology for the consumer guide. In addition, scenarios of consumption of coffee, tea and cocoa drink with milk/plant-based drinks and waste at household level, are presented. Tea, coffee and cacao beans have a lot in common. They are tropical perennial crops traditionally grown in the shade among other species, i.e. in agroforestry systems. Today, the production in intensive monocultures has negative impact on biodiversity. Re-introducing agroforestry practices may be part of the solution to improve biodiversity in these landscapes. Climate change will likely, due to changes in temperature, extreme weather events and increases in pests and disease, alter the areas where these crops can be grown in the future. A relatively high ratio of the global land used for coffee, tea and cocoa is certified according to sustainability standards, compared to other crops. Although research on the implications of voluntary standards on different outcomes is inconclusive, the literature supports that certifications have a role in incentivizing more sustainable farming. Coffee, tea and cocoa all contain caffeine and have a high content of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, and they have all been associated with positive health outcomes. While there is a strong coffee culture in Sweden and coffee contributes substantially to the environmental impact of our diet, tea is a less consumed beverage. Cocoa powder is consumed as a beverage, but substantial amounts of our cocoa consumption is in the form of chocolate. Roasted ground coffee on the Swedish market had a climate impact of 4.0 kg CO2e per kg powder, while the climate impact of instant coffee powder was 11.5 kg CO2e per kg. Per litre, including the energy use for making the coffee, the total climate impact was estimated to 0.25 kg CO2e per L brewed coffee and 0.16 kg CO2e per L for instant coffee. Less green coffee beans are needed to produce the same amount of ready to drink coffee from instant coffee than from brewed coffee. Tea had a climate impact of approximately 6.3 kg CO2 e per kg dry leaves corresponding to an impact of 0.064 CO2e per L ready to drink tea. In the assessment of climate impact per cup, tea had the lowest impact with 0.013 kg CO2e, followed by black instant coffee (0.024 kg CO2e), black coffee (0.038 kg CO2e), and cocoa drink made with milk (0.33 kg CO2e). The climate impact of 1kg cocoa powder on the Swedish market was estimated to 2.8 kg CO2e. Adding milk to coffee or tea increases the climate impact substantially. The literature describes a high proportion of the total climate impact of coffee from the consumer stage due to the electricity used by the coffee machine. However, with the Nordic low-carbon energy mix, the brewing and heating of water and milk contributes to only a minor part of the climate impact of coffee. As in previous research, coffee also had a higher land use, water use and biodiversity impact than tea per L beverage. Another factor of interest at the consumer stage is the waste of prepared coffee. Waste of prepared coffee contributes to climate impact through the additional production costs and electricity for preparation, even though the latter was small in our calculations. The waste of coffee and tea at Summary household level is extensive and measures to reduce the amount of wasted coffee and tea could reduce the environmental impact of Swedish hot drink consumption. For the final evaluation of coffee and tea for the consumer guide, the boundary for the fruit and vegetable group was used. The functional unit for coffee and tea was 1 L prepared beverage without any added milk or sweetener. In the guide, the final evaluation of conventionally grown coffee is that it is ‘yellow’ (‘Consume sometimes’), and for organic produce, ‘light green’ (‘Please consume). The evaluation of conventionally grown tea is that it is ‘light green’, and for organic produce, ‘dark green’ (‘Preferably consume this’). For cocoa, the functional unit is 1 kg of cocoa powder and the boundary was taken from the protein group. The final evaluation of conventionally grown cocoa is that it is ‘orange’ (‘Be careful’), and for organically produced cocoa, ‘light green’.
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Pavel, Fabiana, Ana Estevens, Ana Gago und Agustín Cocola-Gant. O Alojamento Local na cidade de Lisboa. Policy Brief. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20220001.

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- O fenómeno do arrendamento de curta duração tem crescido muito na última década e tem ganho um peso de grande relevo na utilização do stock habitacional de algumas áreas, especialmente dos centros históricos. Nas áreas com maior concentração deste tipo de alojamento, a oferta de habitação para arrendamento de longa duração passou a ser escassa. Consequentemente, nestas áreas a habitação perdeu a sua função residencial, tendo esta sido substituída por uma função comercial ou turística. - Perante os impactos negativos do arrendamento de curta duração, alguns governos locais (e.g. Barcelona, Paris, Berlim) têm procurado regulamentar este mercado. - Em Portugal, o arrendamento de curta duração é enquadrado, desde 2008, na figura jurídica do Alojamento Local (AL), cuja atividade é regulamentada por um regime jurídico próprio (Decreto-Lei nº 128/2014). - Em Lisboa, o número de AL tem vindo a aumentar exponencialmente, passando de 46 unidades em 2009, para 19.300 em 2021. A concentração de AL é particularmente significativa nas freguesias do centro (Arroios, Misericórdia, Santa Maria Maior, Santo António, São Vicente), onde se localiza 71% da oferta e onde em 50% dos edifícios existe uma ou mais unidade de AL. - A alta concentração de AL tem contribuído para o surgimento de externalidades negativas. Assistiu-se ao aumento dos valores da habitação, tanto para venda (+118,5% em Lisboa e +169,5% nas freguesias do centro, entre 2014 e 2020), como para arrendamento (+77,4% em Lisboa e +86,4% nas freguesias do centro, entre 2010 e 2020). - Perante o aumento das dificuldades de acesso à habitação por parte da população local, em 2019 a Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (CML) criou o Regulamento Municipal de Alojamento Local (RMAL), limitando, assim, a abertura de novas unidades de AL em algumas áreas da cidade. - Em última instância, a valorização do sector do turismo tem criado dificuldades de acesso à habitação. O aumento exponencial do número de AL tem contribuído para a criação de desigualdades sócio-espaciais e sentimentos de injustiça social, com destaque para as áreas centrais da cidade.
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Araujo, Erika Amorim, Salvador Teixeira Werneck Vianna und José Roberto Afonso. Carga tributária indireta no Brasil: Análise da incidência efetiva sobre as famílias. Inter-American Development Bank, Februar 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010356.

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Este trabalho tem por objetivo aplicar uma metodologia para a mensuração de efeitos distributivos relacionados à incidência de impostos indiretos sobre as despesas de consumo das famílias brasileiras. A metodologia consiste basicamente de duas etapas. Na primeira, as alíquotas efetivas dos principais impostos e contribuições que compõem a carga tributária indireta brasileira são estimadas a partir dos coeficientes técnicos da Matriz Insumo-Produto de 1996 do IBGE e dos valores arrecadados dos impostos informados nas Contas Nacionais de 2002 do IBGE. Na segunda etapa as alíquotas efetivas são aplicadas sobre as despesas com uma cesta de consumo; despesas essas informadas pelas famílias ao IBGE e que constam dos microdados da última Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (1995-96). Os resultados finais consistirão portanto de estimativas do peso da carga tributária indireta incidente sobre uma cesta de consumo bastante representativa no orçamento das famílias de baixa renda. Essas estimativas serão apresentadas como proporção da renda média de cada décimo populacional (indicador de regressividade) e das despesas de consumo (alíquotas efetivas)
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Needham, Glenn R., Uri Gerson, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, D. Samatero, J. Yoder und William Bruce. Integrated Management of Tracheal Mite, Acarapis woodi, and of Varroa Mite, Varroa jacobsoni, Major Pests of Honey Bees. United States Department of Agriculture, März 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573068.bard.

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Objectives: The Israeli work plan regarding HBTM included: (a) producing a better diagnostic method; (b) following infestations during the season and evaluating damage to resistant bees and, (c) controlling HBTM by conventional means under local conditions. For varroa our plans to try novel control (e.g. oil novel control (e.g. oil patties & essential oils) were initially delayed by very low pest populations, then disrupted by the emergence of fluvalinate resistance. We monitored the spread of resistance to understand it better, and analyzed an underlying biochemical resistance mechanism in varroa. The US work plan focused on novel management methods for both mites with an emphasis on reducing use of traditional insecticides due to resistance and contamination issues. Objectives were: (a) evaluating plant essential oils for varroa control; (b) exploring the vulnerability of varroa to desiccation for their management; and (c) looking for biological variation in HBTM that could explain virulence variability between colonies. Although the initial PI at the USDA Beltsville Bee Lab, W.A. Bruce, retired during the project we made significant strides especially on varroa water balance. Subcontracts were performed by Yoder (Illinois College) on varroa water balance and DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA) who evaluated plant essential oils for their potential to control varroa. We devised an IPM strategy for mite control i the U.S. Background: Mites that parasitize honey bees are a global problem. They are threatening the survival of managed and feral bees, the well-being of commercial/hobby beekeeping, and due to pollination, the future of some agricultural commodities is threatened. Specific economic consequences of these mites are that: (a) apiculture/breeder business are failing; (b) fewer colonies exist; (c) demand and cost for hive leasing are growing; (d) incidences of bee pathogens are increasing; and, (e) there are ore problems with commercial-reared bees. As a reflection of the continued significance f bee mites, a mite book is now in press (Webster & delaplane, 2000); and the 2nd International Conference on Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites is scheduled (April, 2000, Arizona). The first such conference was at OSU (1987, GRN was co-organizer). The major challenge is controlling two very different mites within a colony while not adversely impacting the hive. Colony management practices vary, as do the laws dictating acaricide use. Our basic postulates were that: (a) both mites are of economic importance with moderate to high infestations but not at low rates and, (b) once established they will not be eradicated. A novel strategy was devised that deals with the pests concomitantly by maintaining populations at low levels, without unnecessary recourse to synthetic acaricides. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements: A major recent revelation is that there are several species of "Varroa jacobsoni" (Anderson & Trueman 1999). Work on control, resistance, population dynamics, and virulence awaits knowing whether this is a problem. In the U.S. there was no difference between varroa from three locales in terms of water balance parameters (AZ, MN & PA), which bodes well for our work to date. Winter varroa (U.S.) were more prone to desiccation than during other seasons. Varroa sensitivity to desiccation has important implications for improving IPM. Several botanicals showed some promise for varroa control (thymol & origanum). Unfortunately there is varroa resistance to Apistan in Israel but a resistance mechanism was detected for the first time. The Israel team also has a new method for HBTM diagnosis. Annual tracheal mite population trends in Israel were characterized, which will help in targeting treatment. Effects of HBTM on honey yields were shown. HBTM control by Amitraz was demonstrated for at least 6 months. Showing partial resistance by Buckfast bees to HBTM will be an important IPM tactic in Israel and U.S.
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Gershberg, Alec, und Deborah Spindelman. Politics, Accountability, and Learning: Insights from the RISE Programme’s Political Economy Case Studies. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2023/pe14.

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The RISE (Research on Improving Systems of Education) Programme political economy team focused on “adoption” (PET-A) examines the political conditions required to put learning at the center of an education system. This work stream has produced 12 historical case studies and three synthesis papers which draw on this rich material. This paper is part of the latter effort and offers a comparative analysis across five of the countries with RISE Country Research Teams (Ethiopia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam), as well as additional case studies focusing on Chile and Peru. Building on the RISE systems framework (Pritchett, 2015), our political economy analysis incorporates issues of competing interests, power, and political strategy. We focus on the promoters and blockers of learning-oriented education reform and their respective powers and strategies to parse out the political contestations that are endemic to the reform processes that impact system coherence around learning. In this paper, we present a binding constraints framework to explore what a politics for learning might look like and examine areas of intervention that present critical bottlenecks impeding a country’s ability to deliver learning outcomes which, if addressed, pose the potential for large impact relative to other constraints. We draw upon the PET-A country case studies to include analysis of different factions and reform champions within government, including but not limited to the executive office (president/prime minister), Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, competing ministries, decentralized government levels, and local leaders. In doing, we elucidate how politics permeate nearly all accountability relationships in education systems and the likelihood that any given program will positively impact learning.
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Aubry, Philippe, Nicolas Boileau, Marie Briandy, Marie-Christine Chauvat, Sandrine Conin und Éric Min-Tung. Rapport sur le chantier IdRef en Normandie. Normandie Université, Dezember 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51203/rapport.nu.000003.

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Suivant le développement des systèmes d’information et des plateformes, ouverts ou fermés, les identifiants pour la recherche se sont multipliés. Leur usage ainsi que leur amélioration est un enjeu pour le développement de l’écosystème de la science ouverte, comme l’indique la note d’orientation du Comité pour la science ouverte de 2019. Qu’ils concernent les structures de recherche, les auteurs ou les objets de la recherche, ils sont indispensables pour identifier et être facilement retrouvés sur internet, répondant ainsi au F des principes FAIR. Ces identifiants, nationaux et internationaux, ont été développés pour les besoins d’outils (ex. IdHAL, IdRef), de gestion de la recherche (RNSR) ou pour l’édition scientifique (ex. ORCID, ROR). Certains de ces identifiants sont des prérequis nécessaires pour activer des fonctionnalités associées (création de CV avec HAL et ORCID). Ce foisonnement d’identifiants peut être difficile à suivre et la réalisation d’alignements devient un véritable enjeu pour faire concorder tel auteur ou telle structure à travers plateformes et outils. En Normandie, ces enjeux sont centraux dans les activités liées à la documentation mais aussi à la science ouverte. Ce présent rapport fait état du travail mené par les équipes des services documentaires sur un chantier de nettoyage, d’enrichissement et d’alignements des structures et chercheurs des établissements membres de Normandie Université.
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Araujo, G. A., T. A. Quintero, Andrés Miguel Quintero Gutiérrez und Medardo José Rodríguez Polo. Medición de la condición corporal del ganado Cebú. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecapma.3672.

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Contextualización del Tema: Se define la condición corporal como la cantidad de grasa que cubre la vaca, que indica las reservas de energía útil que dispone para hacer frente a las altas demandas que impone la producción de leche y se puntualizan las ventajas que tiene este indicador sobre el peso vivo, el perímetro torácico y otros estimadores de las reservas corporales. Vacío de Investigación: En la ganadería de ganado Cebú del trópico colombiano especialmente en la región caribe, se ha arraigado la técnica de la observación visual, sin tener conocimiento de los indicadores de la condición corporal, y por lo tanto se requiere promover el uso de la calificación de la condición corporal como herramienta de campo en la toma de decisiones en el manejo nutricional de la vaca. Propósito de Working paper: Es socializar el conocimiento que viene realizando el semillero de investigación acordes con las salidas de campo, aludiendo al tipo de estrategias didácticas que implican la aplicación de conceptos, teorías y postulados para construcción de nuevo conocimiento. Metodología seguida en el estudio: Se brinda una metodología para ganado cebú con 5 categorías de puntaje, aplicando la guía para la evaluación de la condición corporal de vacas en sistemas doble propósito, con la siguiente escala: 1 muy pobre, 2 pobre, 3 regular, 4 buena, 5 muy buena y 6 obesa. Resultados Obtenidos Evidenciamos que la gran mayoría de la vacas presentan una condición corporal entre 3 y 4, la cual se puede considerar de regular a buena, reflejando que tienen poca producción de leche, presentan un gran número de días abiertos y una baja condición corporal al final de la lactancia. Conclusiones: Se evidencio la estrecha relación entre valores de la condición corporal con el plano nutricional, la incorporación a la producción, valores de condición corporal de 2.5 a 3.5 si se desean alcanzar niveles productivos y reproductivos adecuados.
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Levy, Brian. How ‘Soft Governance’ Can Help Improve Learning Outcomes. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), Februar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/053.

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On the surface, global gains in educating children have been remarkable. Access has expanded enormously. So, too, has knowledge about ‘best practices’—both education-sector-specific knowledge about how students learn and successful teachers teach, and knowledge about ‘best practice’ arrangements for governing education systems. Yet the combination of access and knowledge has not translated into broad-based gains in learning outcomes. Why? In seeking to address this question, a useful point of departure is the 2018 Learning World Development Report’s distinction between proximate and underlying causes of learning shortfalls. Proximate causes include the skills and motivations of teachers, the quality of school management, the available of other inputs used in schools, and the extent to which learners come to school prepared to learn. Underlying these are the governance arrangements through which these inputs are deployed. Specialist knowledge on the proximate drivers of learning outcomes can straightforwardly be applied in countries where governance works well. However, in countries where the broader governance context is less supportive, specialist sector-specific interventions to support learning are less likely to add value. In these messy governance contexts, knowledge about the governance and political drivers of policymaking and implementation can be an important complement to sector-specific expertise. To help uncover new ways of improving learning outcomes (including in messy governance contexts), the Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Programme has championed a broad-ranging, interdisciplinary agenda of research. RISE was organised around a variety of thematic and country-focused research teams that probed both proximate and underlying determinants of learning. As part of the RISE work programme, a political economy team commissioned studies on the politics of education policy adoption (the PET-A studies) for twelve countries (Chile, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, Tanzania and Vietnam). A December 2022 RISE synthesis of the individual country studies1 laid out and applied a framework for systematically assessing how political and institutional context influences learning outcomes—and used the results to suggest some ‘good fit’ soft governance entry points for improving learning outcomes across a variety of different contexts. This insight note elaborates on the synthesis paper’s argument and its practical implications.
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