Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Taxtation“

This research aims to give an overview about administrative reform taxation, taxtation knowledge and compliance taxable enterpreneur for VAT purposes (PKP) descriptively, and whether there is or not an influence of administrative reform taxation and taxtation knowledge towards compliance taxable enterpreneur for VAT Purposes on KPP Pratama Cibeunying Kaler. Data used in this research was primer data collected by using questionnaire which was distributed to respondents. Respondent in this research is PKP listed on KPP Pratama Cibeunying Kaler. Amount of samples obtained as many as 49 PKP taken by method Simple Random Sampling from 96 PKP as a population. As for the research method used was descriptive method and associative. While the data analysis method is in this research is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The result of this research shows that tax administrative reform taxtation and taxtation knowledge both partially and simultaneously positive and significant effect to compliance Taxable Enterpreneur for VAT Purposes on KPP Pratama Cibeunying Kaler.

Tax is the most source of financing for development in Indonesia. The tax reformation make policy and administration more comphrehensive by Directorate General of Taxes. The expectation of The tax reformation could be increase compliance of taxpayer. The rise of UMKM almost five years in District Way Kanan make Way Kanan has good potential in taxtation. In 2018 The governance has realeased regulation, it is PP No. 23 Th. 2018. The regulation about tariff reduction for UMKM, the rate reduction of 0,5%. Aim of this regulation is taxpayers get easier for do some taxation include to report tax return every year, to encourage taxpayers get into formal economics, and to give taxpayers a sense of justice. The research aim get to know how much tariff reduction influence toward to increase compliance of taxpayer about report the tax return in every year in District Way Kanan. The research applies quantitative approach and descriptive method. The research applies data collection technique by questionnaire, document, and observation. The data analysis technique by simple analysis tabulation, validy test, reliability test, normalitiy test, correlation test, determinasi coefficient test, simple linear regression test, and hypotheses test. The result of this study is that hypotheses of this study is accepted and be found how much influence tariff reduction influence toward to increase compliance of taxpayer about report the tax return in every year in District Way Kanan is 18,2%.

The research is about the spell of Ende Language in Uzuzoza village of Ende Regency based on two main problems, that was finding and describing spell’sform and it’s function. For gathering the data, the research used was an interview and listen tomethod with see, and capable techniques. Formal technique analysis is usedas data analysis of this research. The old theory of literature is used of this research with the concideration that the spell developed in the traditional era in animism and dynamism by using oral languageas the main medium of its delivery. After the data were analysis, the result found that, the spell of Ende language in Uzuzoza village of Ende Regency is generally in the form of poetry because taxtation patters were a-a-a-a, have taxtation (rhymes), expecially intonation, that is the persuasion of vowels at the and of word in lines and the linesof that spells is contentsor messages. Lingustically, the spells using personal pronouns, expecially the use of second personal pronouns and third personal pronouns using repetation, and it consistof statement which has adverb of time, adverb of place, and indicating of prohibition. Funcionality, the spell of Ende language in Uzuzoza village of Ende Regency serves as the tribute the “highest” subject which makes them exist and as the symbol of their trus to the ancestors.

A matéria tributária nunca esteve tão em evidência como nos dias presentes. No Brasil, a carga tributária cresceu significativamente nos últimos anos, atingindo atualmente cerca de 36% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB). A nível internacional, há uma constante discussão quanto ao balanceamento entre tributos diretos e indiretos. Refira-se, também, problemas relativos à evasão tributária, ao planejamento tributário e à preocupação dos governos de inúmeros países com a proliferação de paraísos fiscais e o efeito disso sobre a economia doméstica, o que acaba desaguando na questão da competição tributária internacional. Esse breve cenário dá bem a noção da importância e relevância da temática tributária, nas suas mais diversas dimensões e aspectos. O presente trabalho analisa o impacto da tributação na estrutura de capital das empresas no Brasil, sendo que duas hipóteses de pesquisa foram colocadas a prova: a primeira, seguindo os passos de estudos anteriores, buscou pura e simplesmente verificar a existência de impacto do fator tributação do lucro no endividamento das firmas, e qual o sentido dessa influência. A segunda hipótese, por sua vez, propôs-se a verificar se essa relação se dá da mesma forma para o caso de firmas com alto endividamento e que apresentam baixo nível de tributação, as quais se convencionou, para os fins do presente trabalho, chamar de firmas descapitalizadas com alto endividamento. A pesquisa tomou por base dados dos anos de 2001 a 2003 das 500 maiores empresas operando no Brasil segundo a Revista Exame, implicando em uma amostra final de 214 firmas. A hipótese central da pesquisa restou confirmada: o nível de tributação do lucro da firma afeta sua decisão quanto à estrutura de capital, e a relação se dá no mesmo sentido, ou seja, quanto maior a incidência tributária, maior será o endividamento. Contrariamente ao esperado, essa relação foi verificada também para as firmas descapitalizadas com alto endividamento. Os resultados confirmaram as expectativas da teoria do tradeoff em relação aos fatores tributação e estrutura de ativos, enquanto que, com relação à lucratividade, foi confirmada a teoria do pecking order. Outras variáveis de controle foram consideradas, tendo o tamanho da firma e o setor mostrado algum poder explicativo. Uma contribuição adicional do trabalho consiste em uma espécie de análise epistemológica da pesquisa tributária, onde se busca fomentar a perspectiva interdisciplinar no trato da matéria, tendo em vista a importância e complexidade do tema, caracterizado por problemas que requerem muitas vezes uma visão multifacetada do profissional ou pesquisador, constatando-se a carência de uma abordagem interdisciplinar no trato das questões. Percebe-se que o paradigma disciplinar reinante limita a análise das questões e impede a evolução do conhecimento sobre a matéria tributária. Nesse aspecto, foi proposta uma classificação da pesquisa tributária dentro de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar. Para isso, partiu-se da identificação de estudos anteriores imbuídos do mesmo escopo, analisando-os criticamente, acrescentando novas contribuições e sintetizando com uma classificação que se julga suficientemente completa para abranger todo e qualquer estudo relacionado à matéria tributária. A classificação almejada levou em conta mais a temática central de estudo do que propriamente a disciplina que se debruça sobre ela ou a formação do pesquisador que conduz normalmente determinado tipo de estudo. Chegou-se ao seguinte quadro de classificação da pesquisa tributária: (1) obediência tributária; (2) auditoria e gestão tributária pública; (3) impacto dos tributos nas decisões dos contribuintes; (4) tributação ótima e eficiência econômica dos tributos; (5) aspectos macroeconômicos da tributação; e (6) pesquisa legal, subdividida em jurídico-tributária, contabilidade e auditoria tributária e planejamento tributário.
The tax matter was never so in evidence as in the present days. In Brazil, the tax burden grew significantly in the last years, reaching now about 36% of the gross domestic product (GDP). At international level, there is a constant discussion with relationship to the swinging among direct and indirect taxes. Refer, also, relative problems to the tax evasion, to the tax planning and the governments of countless countries concern with the proliferation of tax heavens and the effect of that on the domestic economy, what finishes draining on the subject of the international tax competition. That brief scenery gives the notion of the importance and relevance of the tax thematic, on its several dimensions and aspects. The present work analyzes the impact of the taxation in the capital structure of the companies in Brazil, and two research hypotheses were placed to prove: the first, following the steps of previous studies, it looked for a pure and simple way to verify the existence of impact of the profits factor taxation in the debt of the firms, and which is the sense of that influence. The second hypothesis, intended to verify if that relationship feels in the same way for the case of firms with high debt and that they present low taxation level, which was stipulated, for the meanings of the present work, to name it firms decapitalized with high debt \". The research took for database the years from 2001 to 2003 of the 500 larger companies operating in Brazil according to the Revista Exame, implicating in a final sample of 214 firms. The central hypothesis of the research remained confirmed: the level of profits taxation of the firm affects its decision with relationship to the capital structure, and the relationship feels in the same sense, in other words, as larger the tax incidence, higher will be the debt. Contrarily to the expected, that relationship was also verified for the firms decapitalized with high debt. The results confirmed the expectations of the tradeoff theory in relation to the factors taxation and asset structure, while, with relationship to the profitability, the pecking order theory was confirmed. Another variations of control were considered, showing that the firm\' size and industry have some explanatory power. An additional contribution of the work consists in a type of epistemological analysis of the tax research, where it tried to foment the interdisciplinary approach in the treatment of the matter, viewing the importance and complexity of the theme, characterized by problems that request, many times, a multifaceted vision of the professional or researcher, being verified the lack of an interdisciplinary approach in the treatment of subjects. It is noticed that the paradigm to discipline that reigns limits the analysis of the subjects and hinders the evolution of the knowledge on the tax matter. In that aspect, a classification of the tax research was proposed inside of an interdisciplinary perspective. For that, started from an identification of dipped previous studies of the same mark, analyzing them critically, increasing new contributions and synthesizing with a classification that feels sufficiently completes to embrace all and any study related to the tax matter. The classification took more in account the thematic study headquarters than properly the discipline that leans over it or the researcher\'s formation that usually leads certain study type. It was founded the following picture of classification of the tax research: (1) tax compliance; (2) public tax auditing and management; (3) the effect of tax on the taxpayers decisions; (4) optimal taxation and economic efficiency of the rate; (5) macroeconomic aspects of taxation; and (6) legal research, subdivided in tax law, tax accounting and auditing and tax planning.