Dissertationen zum Thema „Tarification et réseaux“
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Diallo, Madiagne. „Réseaux de flots : flots paramétrés et tarification“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa thèse se focalise sur des applications des problèmes de flots dans des réseaux modélisant, d'une part des réseaux de distribution de fluide ou d'énergie et d'autre part des réseaux de télécommunication. Nous nous sommes intéressés à deux aspects :Le premier aspect consiste en une analyse de sensibilité des flots sur les réseaux de distribution, c'est à dire, l'étude de l'impact de la variation de la capacité d'une ou de plusieurs arêtes sur l'ensemble des valeurs de flot maximum entre toutes les paires de sommets du réseau. En outre, nous nous sommes intéressés à la rentabilité d'une arête donnée dans un réseau. Nous avons d'abord apporté des corrections à l'unique méthode qui existait dans le cas d'une capacité d'arête qui varie et nous avons proposé des algorithmes simples et efficaces pour résoudre le cas de plusieurs capacités qui varient. Nos méthodes sont basées sur les arbres de coupes de Gomory et Hu. 'Etant donné un réseau non orienté ayant capacités qui peuvent varier avec des paramètres lambda_1,\lambda_2, \lambda_3, \ldots \lambda_k, nous avons montré que 2^k calculs d'un arbre de coupes de Gomory et Hu étaient suffisants pour déterminer les valeurs de flot maximum entre toutes les paires de sommets dans le réseau. En ce qui concerne le problème de la rentabilité d'un lien, nous avons montré que juste 2 calculs d'un arbre de coupes de Gomory et Hu suffisaient pour déterminer l'ensemble des paires de sommets pour lesquelles tout flot maximum sature le lien cible. Le second aspect concerne l'allocation de ressources dans un réseau de télécommunication pour la satisfaction de requêtes d'utilisateurs. Pour ce faire, nous avons étudié ce problème par le biais de la tarification pour gérer la congestion tout en tenant compte du comportement des utilisateurs et de la volonté de profit del'opérateur. Nous avons utilisé une approche bi-niveaux pour résoudre le problème. Avec la méthode du Lagragien augmenté, nous résolvons le problème d'allocation de ressources en associant les multiplicateurs de Lagrange aux prix sur les liens du réseaux. Nous utilisons ensuite les conditions d'optimalité de Karush-Kuhn-Tucker pour vérifier si les ultiplicateurs (prix) sont uniques ou pas. Au cas de non unicité nous montrons comment on peut résoudre un deuxième problème d'optimisation sur ces multiplicateurs (prix) afin d'améliorer le revenu sur le réseau
Hinard, Yoann. „Sécurisation et tarification de la diffusion de contenu en multicast“. Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1766.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIP multicast is an effective way to distribute vidéo content to large group of receivers. This technology is now widely used in the closed and private networks of the telecoms operators. However, IP multicast is not widely deployed over the Internet which is by nature an open network. In this thesis, we deal with two issues preventing wide deployment of IP multicast : ability to perform accounting and access control, and ability to secure the content distributed to large groups. We define a generic Authentication, Authorization and Accounting architecture for multicast content distribution which is based on the Diameter base protocol standardized by the IETF. We also define a new hash-code chaining scheme which allow to amortize the overhead of a digital signature on many other packets. This scheme allows data origin authentication and non-repudiation even with high packet loss ratio
Baranès, Edmond. „Tarification, différenciation et concurrence dans les réseaux : une application au cas des télécommunications“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we study the competition between telecommunications networks in a normative and positive views. We analyse more precisely firm's strategies. The first part of this thesis studies the liberalization in telecommunications (chapter 1). We present a survey of network economy (chapter 2). The second part of this thesis analyses the network interconnection in the case of one way access. We present a model of vertical differentiation in which the incumbent is vertically integrated. We study the strategy of the incumbent when he is faced with competitor in dowstream market (chapter 3). The chapter 4 present a model in wich we examine the strategic aspect of qualities choices. The next part of this thesis studies the network structure in dowstream. We examine network interconnection in a two way access with network externalities (chapter 5). The chapter 6 analyses the effects of congestion on network competition
Medori, Jean-Robin. „Gestion du revenu et tarification dynamique pour les réseaux mobiles : modèles non linéaires mixtes, résolution exacte et approchée“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066355.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRevenue management for mobile voice telecommunications has not attended much attention up to now. Among the few existing works, most have focused on solving the network congestion issue and on controlling traffic. However, for mobile telecommunications operators, even if congestion control is a good reason for considering a revenue management system, it also represents a good tool for increasing carrier revenue. Therefore, in this thesis we investigate dynamic pricing strategies for voice telecommunication industry with economical perspectives considering network resource control as a second priority. The challenge is to propose efficient tools and methods to optimize pricing of the new commercial service. The offer systematically sets a dynamic pricing in real time, depending on time, space and network load. The price offered to the customers typically changes every 30 minutes and differs from an antenna to another one. A simple daily rule is used to compute prices, setting a same price at two different times instants when their network loads are at a same level. The challenge is to optimize pricing for this new offer using an estimation of the traffic and its price sensitivity day by day to accurately compute the prices in a timely fashion. A deterministic approach has been adopted to estimate demand and load, to formulate the revenue maximization problem and to solve the dynamic pricing problem. Load and demand are modeled as functions of time, cells, and price. Using these models several mixed integer quadratic programs (MIQP) have been proposed
Echabbi, Loubna. „Algorithmique pour l'allocation et la tarification des ressources dans les réseaux télécoms avec garanties de service“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe emergent services based on real-time applications becomes more and more popular. The nature of these services requires efficient ressource management in order to satisfy their needs in term of quality of service. Furthermore, the quality of service has its price and then pricing should be used in order to give " the right services to the right requests ". Ln this context, a service provider should propose pricing schemes that include some incentives to efficcient usage of ressources. Our contribution in this field concern allocation and pricing problems to which a service provider is faced. We consider first a centralised approach in order to analyse the complexity of the global allocation problem in which requests are accepted according to their willingness to pay. We identify some partieular polynomial instances and give some resolution methods. Our results are based on some properties of unimodulary matrices. We then present our DiMA model that enables a distributed decision making about on-line requests admission. This decision is based on second price auctions and thus provides an economically efficient service differentiation. We analyse the complexity of this model and evaluate its efficiency trough simulation scenarios. The last part consists on a macroscopic vision of problems due to interconnection between different operators. We foeus on incentives that can influence the interdomain routing decisions. We present a model where each operater fixes its transit prices to its neighbours and foeus on partieular strategies that can be adopted by these opeators. The analyse of the impact of these strategies on the system stability shows the importance of the economic dimension on the interconnection service management
Erbs, Guillaume. „Optimisation du revenu, tarification et allocation de ressources dans les réseaux de télécommunications en contexte concurrentiel“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRebenaque, Olivier. „L’impact de la tarification des réseaux et des politiques de soutien sur le développement de l’autoconsommation photovoltaïque“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALE003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the past ten years, the public authorities have supported the photovoltaic industry to meet greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. The support policies have resulted in unprecedented development of this sector, leading to a significant reduction in production costs. This trend combined with the increase of the retail rates enabled to reach the grid parity in some European countries. Households are now encouraged to invest in a photovoltaic power plant in order to consume a part of their consumption. These households are called prosumers. The photovoltaic investment depends mainly on the grid pricing. This tariff is based mainly on the energy withdrawal from the grid. However, this kind of tariff does not reflect the costs of the electricity grid operators, which are mainly fixed in the short and medium term. The drop in revenue due to self-consumption leads to a deficit for the grid operators, which must be covered by an increase in the grid tariff. This situation leads to cross-subsidies from standard consumers to self-consumers.The objective of this thesis is to answer this problem and it consists of 4 chapters. In the first chapter, an analysis of policies supporting self-consumption was carried out for the following countries: Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Spain and France. This study is based on bibliographical and documentary research to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these policies. In the second chapter, we study the indirect costs of the self-consumption development for the consumers. For this purpose, an estimate of cross-subsidies in France between 2017 and 2021 is proposed. This estimate is based on the calculation of the volumes of self-consumption aggregated at the national level by modelling the load curves of different consumers and company profiles. In Chapter 3, the current support mechanism is evaluated according to two criteria, namely the revenue generated by self-consumption and the support costs for the ratepayers. A simulation model has been developed to determine the profitability of a photovoltaic installation coupled with a battery under different grid tariffs. In chapter 4, an estimation of the profits related to the self-supply is made. A battery charge optimisation model has been developed with the objective of maximising the revenue from the consumption savings for the prosumer.The thesis shows that self-consumption support policies have neglected the indirect costs related to network pricing. It is necessary to modify the grid pricing in order, on the one hand, to limit cross-subsidies and, on the other hand, to take advantage of the benefits that self-consumption can bring to the network. Signals need to be sent in order to increase the value of self-consumption. Nevertheless, this is only possible by changing the current subsidy scheme, which does not encourage battery adoption. The results show that a premium for battery investment would limit the cross-subsidies but would limit the development of self-consumption
Atangana, Pierre Rolland. „Privatisation, tarification et équité dans les industries de réseaux électriques des pays en développement : cas des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne“. Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVon, Niederhäusern Léonard. „Conception et tarification de nouveaux services en énergie dans un environnement compétitif“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is to develop and study mathematical models of economical exchanges between energy suppliers and consumers, using demand-side management. On one hand, the suppliers offer time-of-use electricity prices. On the other hand, energy consumers decide on their energy demand schedule, minimizing their electricity bill and the inconvenience due to schedule changes. This problem structure gives rise to bilevel optimization problems.Three kinds of models are studied. First, single-leader single-follower problems modeling the interaction between an energy supplier and a smart grid operator. In this first approach, the level of details is very high on the follower’s side, and notably includes a stochastic treatment of distributed generation. Second, a multi-leader multi-follower problem is studied from the point of view of the best response of one of the suppliers. Aggregators are included in the lower level. Two new resolution methods based on a selection of Nash equilibriums at the lower level are proposed. In the third and final part, the focus is on the evaluation of noncooperative equilibriums for this multi-leader multi-follower problem.All the problems have been studied both from a theoretical and numerical point of view
Coutard, Olivier. „UNE ANALYSE ÉCONOMIQUE DE L'ACCÈS AUX RÉSEAUX ÉLECTRIQUES D'INTERCONNEXION“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345062.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellerécentes dans le secteur électrique, leurs modalités et leurs enjeux. La seconde traite des questions d'efficacité tarifaire des prix d'accès. La troisième enfin aborde la question de la réglementation et, plus généralement, de la régulation d'un système électrique ouvert.
Le premier chapitre vise à décortiquer in concreto les relations de dépendance mutuelle, d'interpénétration entre les considérations économiques et les considérations extra économiques (i.e. réglementaires au sens large ou même politiques) dans l'organisation industrielle traditionnelle (on peut parler de modèle) du secteur électrique dans les sociétés développées.
Nous analysons le rôle essentiel du couple interconnexion/ intégration dans cette organisation.
C'est cet équilibre complexe qui est globalement remis en cause par les évolutions réglementaires récentes, auxquelles est consacré le deuxième
chapitre. La perspective adoptée dans l'analyse nous permet d'expliciter les principaux enjeux de ces évolutions : promotion de l'efficacité économique
(au sens large) ; préservation des conditions d'exercice de différentes missions 'de service public' (ou 'd'intérêt économique général'). Nous tentons de
préciser le plus finement possible les termes économiques dans lesquels ces enjeux se présentent aux réglementeurs du secteur électrique.
Le troisième chapitre débute l'étude plus normative du problème des prix d'accès. La notion de coût marginal de court terme de transport, qui
soulève ici des problèmes conceptuels inusités, y est présentée et discutée. Nous étudions en particulier les limitations à l'efficacité de ces coûts
marginaux qui résultent de la présence d'externalités, de problèmes informationnels et de l'existence de coûts de transaction.
Nous poursuivons cette démarche dans le quatrième chapitre, en étudiant d'une part les conséquences pratiques en termes d'efficacité des indivisibilités dans les fonctions de coût de réseau, et d'autre part celles de la variabilité-imprévisibilité des coûts marginaux de court terme de transport.
Nous proposons différents critères et principes pour limiter en pratique les inefficacités induites.
Dans le cinquième chapitre, nous abordons le problème de la réglementation sous un angle plus concret que ne le font les modèles théoriques, et en tenant compte des principales interdépendances entre les coûts de production et les coûts de réseau. Nous insistons sur les aspects du problème spécifiques à l'électricité (par rapport aux modèles théoriques généraux).
Le sixième chapitre est consacré à une discussion moins formalisée de l'équilibre réglementaire à long terme nécessaire à la régulation d'un système
électrique ouvert. Il met en perspective certaines pratiques réglementaires observées. Il pose la question essentielle de l'arbitrage entre consommateurs 'domestiques' et industriels.
Enfin la conclusion récapitule l'essentiel des résultats de l'étude, en évalue la portée et propose des voies de recherche
Allouche, Jean David. „Les enjeux stratégiques et réglementaires de l'interconnexion des réseaux en concurrence régulée : bilan pour les télécommunications françaises de 1998 à 2001 et perspectives d'évolution“. Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENST0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDalmas, Laurent. „Rôle de la tarification dans une gestion efficace des ressources en eau : application à la demande résidentielle en eau potable des réseaux publics slovaques“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJouve, Bernard. „Coopération transfrontalière et services urbains en réseaux dans la région de Genève“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519680.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouteiller, Catherine. „Différenciation tarifaire dans les réseaux de transports urbains et interurbains de voyageurs : quels apports pour les services publics de transport et l’aménagement ?“ Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is to define and identify the effects of price discrimination policies on the use and organization of urban public transports. Price discrimination is the possibility to price a service with different level of tariff. At first, we will define the issues around public transport fares, whose complexity is now mitigated by existing smart cards and other payment tools. Then, the spatial dimension of the fare will be given special attention through the study of the relationships between fee structure and spatial morphology of 10 cities around the world. The relationships between urban morphology and pricing will be confirmed. Knowing that usage of public transport are diverse, it is essential to have a good knowledge of users habits. Smard Card data reconstruction provides geographical and statistical information that can be re used for urban planning and for pricing policy. How ?Grand Paris orbital line 15, will be launched in 2020. It is an example of introducing a new metro line inducing significant time savings for commuters. Passengers will be given a real alternative between their usual route and the new one. The new route can offer several advantages: gain of time spent during the trip, gain in terms of number of transfers, comfort gain, security gain, price advantages. This could be an opportunity for an agency to review its fare policy. Our model is based on existing travel flows derived from the itinerary reconstruction from Navigo Smart Card pass. It establishes the principles of a fare grid based on travelers’ preferences and current travel patterns. For this research, we used data from public transport pass users in the Paris’ Metropolitan area, for one month. Finally, we show that price discrimination is related to "mobility" and not to “public transport”. If we consider the mobility needs of the user, pricing is no longer that of “transportation” but a package of services enabling access to different forms of mobility. Therefore it is transport governance that can be a problem. How to federate all mobility stakeholders in France? This dimension is essential for public transport authorities. It is a key success factor for achieving ambitious and sustainable urban planning policies
Sinsin, Léonide Michael. „Economie de l'énergie et accès à l'électricité : trois essais sur le Bénin“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur research objectives are multiple. Front of all, we cover literature review in the fields of energy and economics. Specifically, we revisit regulation, pricing and well-being theories in sub-Saharan context where electricity sector is in crisis for a while. Subsequently, our results open up a deeper reflexion spectrum concerning sustainable development, mobile banking and innovation through access for all to clean energy. Finally, this thesis is articulated at the crossraods of theorical and applied research based on real study cases in Benin. Consequently, there is a strong need to expand applied research in African, and in Benin specifically because it constitutes a large scope of challenges and opportunities path beyond this work
Meddeb, Moncef. „Equilibre général et ensembles de production non convexes : tarification non linéaire, infinité de biens et externalité de réseau“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWaserhole, Ariel. „Optimisation des systèmes de véhicules en libre service par la tarification“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM049/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne way Vehicle Sharing Systems (VSS), in which users pick-up and return a vehicle in different places is a new type of transportation system that presents many advantages. However, even if advertising promotes an image of flexibility and price accessibility, in reality customers might not find a vehicle at the original station (which may be considered as an infinite price), or worse, a parking spot at destination. Since the first Bike Sharing Systems (BSS), problems of vehicles and parking spots availability have appeared crucial. We define the system performance as the number of trips sold (to be maximized). BSS performance is currently improved by vehicle relocation with trucks. Our scope is to focus on self regulating systems through pricing incentives, avoiding physical station balancing. The question we are investigating in this thesis is the following: Can a management of the incentives increases significantly the performance of the vehicle sharing systems?
Heilporn, Géraldine. „Network pricing problems : complexity, polyhedral study and solution approaches“. Thèse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6451.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoistard, Pascal. „Qualité et prix des services publics de distribution d'eau potable. Approche d'un prix de la qualité de l'eau et de la desserte“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGilbert, François. „Tarification logit dans un réseau“. Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7114.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe network pricing problem consists in finding tolls to set on a subset of a network's arcs, so to maximize a revenue expression. A fixed demand of commuters, going from their origins to their destinations, is assumed. Each commuter chooses a path of minimal "disutility", a measure of discomfort associated with the use of a path and which takes into account fixed costs and tolls. A deterministic modelling of commuter behaviour is mostly found in the literature, according to which positive flow is only assigned to \og shortest\fg\: paths. Even though the determinist pricing model is amenable to global optimization by the use of enumeration techniques, it has often been criticized for its lack of realism. In this thesis, we consider a probabilistic extension of this model involving a logit dicrete choice model. This more realistic model is non-linear and non-concave, but still possesses strong combinatorial features. Our analysis spans three separate articles. In the first we tackle the problem from a theoretical perspective for the case of a single origin-destination pair and develop a first order analysis that exploits the logit assignment analytical properties. We show the validity of simplification rules to the network topology which yield a reduction in the problem dimensionality. This enables us to establish the problem's unimodality for a wide class of topologies. We also establish a parallel with the product-line pricing problem, for which we generalize some of our results. In our second article, we address the problem from a numerical point of view for the case where multiple origin-destination pairs are present. We work out algorithms that exploit both local information and the pricing problem specific combinatorial features. We provide theoretical results which put in perspective the deterministic and probabilistic models, as well as numerical evidence according to which a very simple combinatorial approximation can lead to the best solutions. Also, our experiments clearly indicate that under any reasonable setting, the logit pricing problem is much smoother, and admits less optima then its deterministic counterpart. The third article is concerned with an extension to an heterogeneous demand resulting from a mixed-logit discrete choice model. Commuter price sensitivity is assumed random and the corresponding revenue expression admits no closed form expression. We devise nonlinear and combinatorial approximation schemes for its evaluation and optimization, which allow us to obtain quasi-optimal solutions. Numerical experiments here indicate that the most realistic model yields the best solution, independently of how well the model can actually be solved. We finally illustrate how the output of the model can be used for economic purposes by evaluating the contributions to the revenue of various commuter groups.