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Raj, Abhay, Sharad Kumar, Izharul Haq und Mahadeo Kumar. „Detection of Tannery Effluents Induced DNA Damage in Mung Bean by Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers“. ISRN Biotechnology 2014 (11.03.2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/727623.
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Common effluent treatment plant (CETP) is employed for treatment of tannery effluent. However, the performance of CETP for reducing the genotoxic substances from the raw effluent is not known. In this study, phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tannery effluents were investigated in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). For this purpose, untreated and treated tannery effluents were collected from CETP Unnao (UP), India. Seeds of mung bean were grown in soil irrigated with various concentrations of tannery effluents (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for 15 days. Inhibition of seed germination was 90% by 25% untreated effluent and 75% treated effluent, compared to the control. Plant growth was inhibited by 51% and 41% when irrigated with untreated and treated effluents at 25% concentration. RAPD technique was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of tannery effluents (untreated and treated) irrigation on the mung bean. The RAPD profiles obtained showed that both untreated and treated were having genotoxic effects on mung bean plants. This was discernible with appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared with control plants. A total of 87 RAPD bands were obtained using eight primers and 42 (48%) of these showed polymorphism. Irrigating plants with untreated effluent caused 12 new bands to appear and 18 to disappear. Treated effluent caused 8 new bands and the loss of 15 bands. The genetic distances shown on the dendrogram revealed that control plants and those irrigated with treated effluent were clustered in one group (joined at distance of 0.28), whereas those irrigated with untreated effluent were separated in another cluster at larger distance (joined at distance of 0.42). This indicates that treated effluent is less genotoxic than the untreated. Nei’s genetic similarity indices calculated between the treatments and the control plants showed that the control and the plants irrigated with treated tannery effluent had a similarity index of 0.75, the control and plants irrigated with untreated 0.65, and between the treatments 0.68. We conclude that both untreated and treated effluents contain genotoxic substances that caused DNA damage to mung beans. CETP Unnao removes some, but not all, genotoxic substances from tannery effluent. Consequently, use of both untreated and treated wastewater for irrigation poses health hazard to human and the environment.
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Gupta, Poonam, Monika Asthana, Avnish Kumar und Siddhartha Barun. „Physicochemical Analysis and Microbial Diversity of Yamuna Water and Industrial Effluents“. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, Nr. 2 (25.06.2014): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10352.
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Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrialization of human societies. It has severely affected our air, soil and water sources. Looking to its global, national, regional and local dimensions, it is now imperative to check it at each and every level. In the present study, 8 samples (3 Yamuna water samples, 3 tannery effluent samples and 2 textile effluent samples), were collected from different sites of Yamuna and exit points of textile and tannery Industries. Water and effluent samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, hardness, chloride and BOD) using conventional methods. Afterwards these samples were utilized for isolation of the native bacterial species. All the samples were showing higher than the standard values for TDS (500mg/l), hardness (80-100 mg/l), chloride (250mg/l) and BOD (30mg/l). It was observed that the tannery effluents were showing maximum TDS values(1190-1240mg/l), followed by textile effluents (1190 and 1210mg/l) and Yamuna water (530-1180mg/l).Similarly, in case of chloride content, highest concentration range(828.8-1598mg/l)was shown by tannery effluents. pH value was nearly neutral for Yamuna water, slightly acidic in case of textile effluents and more acidic for tannery samples. Highest range of hardness values were observed for the tannery effluents (860-880mg/l) followed by textile effluents (760 and 860mg/l). The BOD values were nearly similar for all the samples with maximum values being observed for tannery effluents (42-48 mg/l). Thus it can be inferred that all the samples were highly polluted and need to be treated by suitable methods. There were 11 cultures purified, that could be employed in bioremediation purposes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10352Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 199-205
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Kohli, Richa, und Piyush Malaviya. „Impact of tannery effluent on germination of various varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 5, Nr. 2 (01.12.2013): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i2.321.
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The present study has been focused on the impact of tannery effluent on germination pattern of ten varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum).The physico-chemical analysis of the tannery effluents showed that it had high salinity (45.97 ppt) and an acidic pH (3.61). For screening test, a setup with various concentrations of tannery effluent (4.5%, 9%, 13.5%and 18%) was prepared in petri plates to check the impact of tannery effluent on various varieties of wheat. Among ten varieties, PBW-343 and HS-365 showed better performance at 4.5% tannery effluentand considered to be more tolerant, whereas HS -295 was the most sensitive to tannery effluent treatment.
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Rahman, Hafizur, Nabila Hoque, Palash Kumar Sarker und Ashrafus Safa. „Assessment of Hexavalent Chromium Pollution in Buriganga and Dhaleshwari River Waterbodies Adjacent to Tannery Estates in Bangladesh“. MIST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 8 (21.07.2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47981/j.mijst.08(01)2020.160(11-15).
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Recently, in Bangladesh, all tannery industries have been relocated to a new location exclusively established for leather processing industries with modern manufacturing facilities and effluent treatment plants with standard probations. Effluents generated from the tannery industries are now being disposed of into the surrounding river water bodies. In this study, our goal was to investigate the presence of chemical contaminants like hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in the water bodies surrounding tannery industries and to understand the possible role played by the tannery effluents in contaminating the river water bodies with Cr6+. Result analysis revealed the presence of an amount of Cr6+ (ranging from 0.01 mg/L to 3.54 mg/L) in the surrounding water bodies, which was far above the maximum permissible limit of Cr6+ (0.05 mg/L for surface water), set by the Environmental Protection Agency. It is, therefore, plausible to assume that effluents from the tanneries play an important role in hexavalent chromium contamination of water bodies surrounding tannery industries.
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Mottalib, Md Abdul, Tasmima Khan und Md Nurul Abser. „A simple effective treatment of tannery effluents“. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 38, Nr. 2 (28.12.2014): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i2.21348.
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Tannery effluents are one of the major sources of environmental pollution with various toxic parameters and the effluent generated during liming and pickling operations of leather processing are even more dangerous due to their high and low pH range, respectively. In the present work, liming and pickling streams generated during the production of chrome tanned cow hide shoe upper was treated at different ratios and optimized the pH range 6.5 - 7.5. The effluents were mixed at different ratios without adding any foreign chemicals and obtained the results 88% reduction of COD, 94% reduction of BOD and 97% removal of total solids. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i2.21348 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 2, 235-239, 2014
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Ashraf, Sobia, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Afzal, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Nasser A. Al-Suhaibani, Zahir A. Zahir, Adnan Mustafa et al. „Unveiling the Potential of Novel Macrophytes for the Treatment of Tannery Effluent in Vertical Flow Pilot Constructed Wetlands“. Water 12, Nr. 2 (15.02.2020): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020549.
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The phytoremediation potential of macrophytic species has made them an inevitable component of constructed wetlands (CWs) for the treatment of industrial effluents. The macrophytes must have tolerance for the harsh conditions imposed by effluents for an effective establishment of the CW system. In this context, the basic purpose of this work was to investigate the efficacy of five indigenous emergent macrophytes (Brachiaria mutica, Canna indica, Cyperus laevigatus, Leptochloa fusca, and Typha domingensis) for the remediation of tannery effluent in vertical subsurface flow CWs. The ability of each macrophytic species to tolerate pollution load and to remove pollutants from the effluent was assessed. The effect of tannery effluent on the survival and growth of macrophytes was also studied. The treated tannery effluent samples were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chlorides (Cl−), sulphates (SO42−), oil and grease, and Cr levels. All of the studied macrophytes significantly decreased the pollution load of tannery effluent, and the higher nutrient content of effluent stimulated their growth without any signs of negative health effects. Leptochloa fusca and T. domingensis performed better in removing pollutants and showed higher growth rates and biomass than other tested macrophytes and can be considered preferred species for use in CWs treating tannery effluent. Brachiaria mutica showed morphologically better results than C. indica and C. laevigatus.
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Ahmed, Fitsum Etefa, Awoke Fenta Wodag, Gemeda Gebino Gelebo und Belay Meles Gebre. „Ethiopian Water Hyacinth Leaf Extract as a Potential Tannery Effluent Treatment Material“. Journal of Engineering 2022 (23.04.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8783255.
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Industrial effluents have a serious problem on our ecosystem. Tannery effluent contains a huge amount of pollutant compounds such as toxic substances which need to be treated using either synthetic or natural products. The present study focussed on the treatment of tannery effluents using water hyacinth plant leaf extract. Though some researchers have tried to use this extract for the same, the researchers have experimented only to treat that of Cr3+ and there are a bit of difference in the methodology they followed. In addition, the scope of this research was wider. In this study, fresh raw WH leaves were collected from around Lake Tana, Ethiopia, cleaned and made to powder and then extraction was performed using different solvents. The solvent effects were examined using the ANOVA test. The tannery wastewater was treated with the extracts and parts of the effluents were kept as a control for comparison. Treated and untreated tannery effluents were compared using standard methods such as SLC 22, SLC 8, APHA 2540C, APHA 2540D, and Hack LCK 139 to determine Cr6+, Cr3+, TDS, TSS, and TKN, respectively. The highest amount of Cr6+, Cr3+, and TKN were removed at 30% water hyacinth leaves extracted by distilled water solvent and that of the least was found at hyacinth leaves extract by ethanol solvent but by acetone in BOD and COD treatment. In addition, though it was out of the permissible limit, by using the same amount of the material extracted by distilled water solvent some amounts of BOD and TDS were removed from the wastes compared to that of untreated tannery effluents. Generally, water hyacinth leaf extract is found effective material for the treatment of tannery effluents and can be used in the sector industries. Future studies may be required for setting the most optimum extract concentration for better results.
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A. M. Saeed, Adel, Nasser M. N. Masood und Ali N. A. Al-Kumi. „Estimation of Some Physico-Chemical Parameters of Tannery Effluents to Surrounding Environment (A Yemeni Case Study)“. Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 3, Nr. 30 (05.10.2021): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2021.306.
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Water pollution caused by leather industrial effluent discharges has become a troublesome phenomenon due to its negative impact on environmental health and safety. In this paper, the wastewater in the vicinity of Lawdar tannery areas was assessed in two years from October 2019 to June 2021 to determine physico-chemical parameters of industrial effluents of Lawdar tannery at four different area points. Tannery effluents were collected and all samples were analyzed in the laboratory and rated as no freshwater with parameters such as acidity and basicity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, color, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, and several positive and negative ions. The investigation showed that all physico-chemical parameters were higher than the standard disposal limits of discharged water quality. The findings of this research will assist the government and tanneries in the treatment of wastewater before discharging to the environment and monitoring the dump sites with regards to disposal arrangement of the tannery effluents and environmental assessment.
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Nabila, T. I., und S. Ibrahim. „Physico-chemical properties of tannery effluents from Challawa industrial area in Kano and evaluation of bioremediation potentials of Spirogyra porticalis and Chlorella vulgaris on the effluents“. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 1 (15.04.2020): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.26s.
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Discharge of industrial effluent in aquatic environment is a serious threat to life due to toxic heavy metals. Algae can be used as cheap bioremediation agents in comparison to conventional technologies. The present study was conducted to evaluate the bioremediation potential of two algal species (Spirogyra porticalis and Chlorella vulgaris) for the removal of Lead from two tannery industries (M Tannery and G Tannery), located in Challawa Industrial Area. Temperature, EC, TDS, DO and BOD were measured. In G Tannery, Spirogyra porticalis had the highest affinity for Lead which was 51%, 55% and 51% at 3, 6 and 9 weeks interval respectively while Chlorella vulgaris affinity for Lead was 40% 45% and 45%. In M tannery, Chlorella vulgaris had the highest potential to remove Lead from the effluent, which was 90%, 86% an 90% while Spirogyra porticalis affinity for Lead was 10%, 41% and 10%. Temperature ranged from 30-31˚C which might be as a result of ambient temperature. The pH of both tannery effluents did not differ significantly (p=<0.5) and it was not within the maximum permissible limit of 6.5-8.5. EC of M Tannery was a little higher than that of G Tannery (8.417±0.26, 6.920±0.050) which were below the permissible limit. TDS of M tannery was higher than that of G Tannery 1919.0±68.46mg/L, 1916.0±61.94mg/l which were not within the permissible limit. DO content were within the permissible limits of 6.4mg/L. BOD of both effluent samples were below the permissible limit of 4mg/L. This research shows that both species are suitable for bioremediation and are also tannery specific.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Effluent, Tannery, Spirogyra porticalis, Chlorella vulgaris
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Ramees Raja Hussain A und Aneez Mohamed M. „A study on the physico-chemical characteristics of Tannery Waste Water at Tiruchirappalli district“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, Nr. 3 (16.07.2019): 2417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1489.
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The waste water generated by the tanning industry are the potential sources of pollution in Tiruchirappalli district. The tannery effluent can cause serious impact to water and soil. This study evaluates the physico-chemical characteristics of tannery effluent and soil. The chemical and physical parameters and water quality index of tannery wastewater were observed to be toxic as it contains large values of organic and inorganic chemical elements. The tannery effluent contains large values of TDS, EC, anions and cations. The major pollutants in tannery effluents are high chlorides, sulphide and total dissolved solids (TDS). The organic impurities in tannery wastewater are the cause for its bad odour. Tannery wastewater polluted soil was analysed and found to have high values of PH, ESP(Exchangeable sodium percentage), EC, sodium, chloride, sodium adsorption ratio, micronutrients and macronutrients and low values of organic matter, moisture content, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, than the garden soil Unpolluted soil.
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Kamalakkannan, P., Mohd Younis, Sevgi Gezici, Som Kailash und Javaid Iqbal. „Characterization and Impact of Physicochemical Parameters of Tannery Effluent on the Aquatic Environment“. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 21, Nr. 1 (30.03.2024): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3215.
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ABSTRACT: One of India's oldest and fastest-growing sectors is tannery production. The tanneries produce various types of pollutants in the environment depending upon the procedure that has been used. The present study investigated the physicochemical parameters of tannery effluents and its impact on the aquatic environment. Tannery effluent contains a variety of hazardous compounds, including chromium, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate, electrical conductivity, colour, odour, pH, temperature, TSS and TDS. All physicochemical parameters was found higher [chromium 1.17-1.52 (1.327±0.132), calcium 800 (713.83±50.33), sodium 1805 (1634.83±75.06), potassium 38-112 (78.44±9.05), chloride 2330-4210 (3334.22±241.92), sulphate 830-1008 (952.17±15.06), EC 1148-2905 (2378.61±124.27), temperature 29.3-38.0 (31.21±1.45), TSS 710-1623, (1199.39±137.99), TDS 7049-8500 (7669.17±141.99), BOD 1060–1664 (1347.17±73.68), COD 3025-4982 (4029.83±163.56), TH 2200-3417 (2794.50±136.49) and only pH levels were lower 4.4-8.8 (7.01±0.491) in tannery effluent]. The high levels of heavy metals were analyzed that might become a major source of pollution which affect the aquatic environment. The management of tannery effluent's physicochemical parameters and its impact on the aquatic environment involves a combination of regulatory, technological, and educational approaches. It requires a multi-faceted effort to mitigate environmental harm while supporting the tanning industry's sustainable development.
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Adamu, Nuru, und Faggo Abdullahi Adamu. „Screening of Chromium-reducing Bacteria from Tannery Effluents“. Bulletin of Environmental Science and Sustainable Management (e-ISSN 2716-5353) 6, Nr. 2 (31.12.2022): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/bessm.v6i2.746.
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Tannery effluent has remained one of the major sources of chromium pollution in the environment. Although conventional methods have been widely used, they are inefficient and costly. Bacterial remediation is one of the best alternatives being proposed. Therefore, the aim of this research was to isolate bacteria from tannery effluents and screen them for chromium-reduction potentials. Three different tannery effluents were collected and used for the isolation of chromium-reducing bacteria. The organisms were identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics and screened on 1% (v/v) Cr (VI). The results revealed the presence of three bacterial species, namely: Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. The screening results revealed that out of the three bacterial isolates, Bacillus subtilis had the highest reduction potential (86.23%), while equal reduction capacity was recorded in both E. coli and Pseudomonas sp. (84.03%). Therefore, these three isolates can be used as a consortium to improve biological remediation of Cr (VI) effluents.
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Ashraf, Sobia, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Afzal, Sana Ashraf, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Khadeeja Rehman, Zahir Ahmad Zahir und Avelino Núñez-Delgado. „Evaluation of Toxicity on Ctenopharyngodon idella Due to Tannery Effluent Remediated by Constructed Wetland Technology“. Processes 8, Nr. 5 (20.05.2020): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050612.
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Aquatic pollution caused by industrial effluents is an environmental issue, imposing deleterious impacts on the overall environment, specifically, on humans, by disrupting the balance of the ecosystem. Among all the industries, tanneries are considered some of the most polluting due to heavy use of toxic organic and inorganic compounds during leather processing, most of which find their way into rivers, lakes, and streams, thus exerting adverse effects on aquatic life, particularly on fish. Considering the huge concentrations of pollutants present in tannery effluents, toxicity evaluation is of prime importance. Therefore, bioassays are usually employed to assess the acute toxicity of industrial effluents and efficiency of effluent clean-up technologies as they provide a thorough response of test species to the substances present in the tested media. In the present study, the toxic effects of tannery effluent on common grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were studied for 96 h in laboratory conditions. The effluent was added at different concentrations, before and after treatment by constructed wetlands (CWs). During this period, mortality data was collected to calculate the 96 h-LC50 (lethal concentration inducing 50% mortality) and acute toxicity of C. idella. In addition to this, observations on change in morphological, physiological, and behavioural patterns were also made every 24 h. The present toxicity assay revealed that the raw tannery effluent changed the morphology, physiology, and behavioural response of fish. Moreover, fish exposure to raw/untreated effluent caused high acute toxicity and 100% mortality, due to the presence of high concentrations of salts and chromium (Cr) metal. While treatment of tannery effluent by CWs vegetated with different plants (B. mutica, L. fusca, and T. domingensis) significantly reduced its toxicity and fish mortality as well, and inoculation of salt and Cr-tolerant endophytic bacteria (Enterobacter sp. HU38, Microbacterium arborescens HU33, and Pantoea stewartii ASI11) further reduced (up to 90%) its toxicity level. Hence, the use of CWs for tannery effluent treatment can be recommended to favour public health and promote the overall safety of the environment.
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Mendes, Bruna De Oliveira, Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães, Joyce Moreira de Souza, Raíssa De Oliveira Ferreira, Wellington Alves Mizael da Silva, Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues und Guilherme Malafaia. „Short-term dermal exposure to tannery effluent does not cause behavioral changes in male Swiss mice“. Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, Nr. 1 (16.02.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2143.
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Tannery is a highly polluting activity due to the waste generated by bovine skin processing. Although there are several studies highlighting the health issues faced by workers exposed to tannery effluent, there are no records of experiments testing the neurobehavioral effects resulting from direct contact with this pollutant. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess the possible neurobehavioral effects of dermal exposure to tannery effluent on male Swiss mice. Animals were divided in three groups, which were subjected to the same experimental time period and conditions: effluent group - animals in direct contact with tannery effluent (for 20 days); control group - animals in contact with pure water; and dry-control group - animals not exposed to water or to tannery effluent. Neurobehavioral tests started on the 17th experimental day. Results of the elevated plus-maze test (anxiety prediction) showed no anxiogenic or anxiolytic effects, memory deficit or depressive symptoms on animals exposed to tannery effluent. Thus, the current results do not support the hypothesis that male Swiss mice dermal exposure to tannery effluents for the same time period and experimental conditions leads to neurobehavioral changes. Therefore, the herein adopted exposure protocol was not good to study the effects of dermal exposure to tannery effluent on the chosen experimental model.
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Zakmout, Asmaa, Fatma Sadi, Svetlozar Velizarov, João G. Crespo und Carla A. M. Portugal. „Recovery of Cr(III) from Tannery Effluents by Diafiltration Using Chitosan Modified Membranes“. Water 13, Nr. 18 (21.09.2021): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182598.
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The selective recovery of chromium remaining in tannery effluents after the leather tanning process is highly desirable to potentiate its reuse, simultaneously minimizing the ecotoxicity of these effluents. To the best of our knowledge, this work evaluates for the first time the ability of a chitosan-based membrane for selective recovery of chromium from a tannery wastewater by subsequent diafiltration and selective chromium desorption, envisaging their integration after tannery wastewater treatment by reverse osmosis (RO). A polyethersulfone (PES) microfiltration membrane top-coated with a chitosan layer (cs-PES MF022) was used for selective recovery of Cr(III), from concentrate streams obtained by treatment of synthetic and real tannery effluents through reverse osmosis (RO), through a diafiltration process. The diafiltration of the RO concentrates was conducted by an intermittent addition of water acidified to pH 3.6. The prepared cs-PES MF022 membranes were able to retain 97% of the total mass of Cr(III) present in the RO concentrates, from a real tannery effluent, with a selectivity of 4.2 and 5 in reference to NH4+ and Cl−, respectively, 12.9 and 14.6 in reference to K and Na, and >45 in reference to Mg, Ca, and S. Such a high selectivity is explained by the preferential adsorption of Cr(III) onto chitosan, and by the relatively high permeability of cs-PES MF022 membranes to the other ionic species. Proof of concept studies were performed to investigate the desorption of Cr(III) at pH 2 and 5.8. A higher Cr(III) desorption degree was obtained at pH 2, leading to a final solution enriched in Cr(III), which may be re-used in tannery operations, thus improving the process economy and reducing the hazardous impact of the effluents discharged by this industry.
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Islam, Laila N., Adua Rahman, Zimam Mahmud, A. H. M. Nurun Nabi, Mahmud Hossain und M. Mohasin. „Assessment of Physicochemical and Biochemical Qualities of Tannery Effluents of Hazaribagh, Dhaka, and Comparison with Non-Tannery Water Samples“. International Journal of Environment 4, Nr. 1 (22.02.2015): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12179.
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NOTE: on 21st May 2015, the authors Mahmud Hossain and M Mohasin were added to the online information about the article. The PDF remains correct.In this study the physicochemical and biochemical qualities of the tannery effluents were analyzed to determine the pollution load of the openly released wastewaters in the environment and the findings were compared with the non-tannery waters. Fourteen samples of factory effluents were collected from the leather tanning industrial zone of Hazaribagh, Dhaka, and 13 non-tannery water samples were collected from different parts of Dhaka city. The effluents were mostly colored; their pH varied from highly acidic to basic values while densities were not much different from the non-tannery waters. The chromium contents of the effluents varied from less than 0.002 to 18.97 mg/L and the chemical oxygen demands (COD) varied from 90 to 6500 mg/L, which were significantly higher than those of non-tannery waters. There was a strong direct correlation between chromium content and COD (p<0.01) indicating that chromium was hugely responsible for pollution caused by tannery effluents. The tannery wastewaters were highly toxic to brine shrimp nauplii (lethality: about 82%), and chromium was responsible for biotoxicity of the effluents since a direct significant correlation (p<0.021) was found between chromium content and lethality. Storage of the wastewater samples for 2 to 8 months at room temperature showed rise in the pH values possibly due to microbial action that resulted in decrease of dissolved chromium content from a mean value of 7.94 to 5.09 mg/L. These findings demonstrated that the presence of high concentrations of chromium and other chemicals in the untreated tannery effluents were contributing adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12179International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page: 68-81
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Ondiba, Jared O., Christopher L. Kanali, Benson B. Gathitu und Stephen N. Ondimu. „Biological treatment of agro-processing industrial effluents from tannery, coffee and dairy plants using green algae (<i>Chlorella Ssp</i>.) cultured in a photo bioreactor“. Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology 23, Nr. 1 (30.10.2023): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jagst.v23i1.2.
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Due to increased environmental pollution as a result of high emission rates from agro-processing industries, the effluents must be cleaned up before being released into the environment. This study outlines the use of green algae for nutrient removal from agro-processing effluents discharged from three agro-industries (namely coffee, dairy, and tannery) in Kenya and how they can be used for the propagation of microalgae for biofuel production. Green algae were grown inside a photobioreactor containing the three agro-industrial effluents as nutrient media for 21 days. Thereafter, the algae were harvested and evaluated for biofuel production. The effectiveness of green algae (chlorella ssp) to extract the cations from the various agro-processing effluents was used to gauge how well they performed. Additionally, the algae growth rate, quantity of lipids, and biomass generated were used to evaluate the strains' effectiveness in producing biofuel. The results indicate that the highest maximum algae growth rate of 14.528 mg/mL occurred in the dairy effluent. The corresponding values for the coffee and tannery effluents were 13.016 mg/mL and 10.866 mg/mL, respectively. Biochemical analysis was done to establish the amount of biomass in the algae. The results showed that there was higher biomass productivity per day of 293.944, 124.849, and 91.997 μg/mL for the dairy, coffee, and tannery effluents, respectively. The contents of linolenic acid in the chlorella strain in the dairy, coffee, and tannery effluents were 13.21, 12.86, and 15.98%, respectively. The values obtained were slightly above the recommended lower limit value of 12% (EN 14214, 2004) for the production of quality biofuels. The results further show that high chemical oxygen demand removal (maximum of 47.7–67.8%) and total phosphorus removal (maximum of 95%) were achieved in all three effluents. Finally, the fatty acid methyl ester profiles produced indicated that the lipid content of the cultivated green algae was appropriate for the production of biofuel.
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De Almeida, Sabrina Ferreira, Letícia Martins Rabelo, Joyce Moreira de Souza, Raíssa De Oliveira Ferreira, Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães, Caio César Oliveira Pereira, Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues und Guilherme Malafaia. „Behavioral changes in female Swiss mice exposed to tannery effluents“. Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 11, Nr. 3 (23.06.2016): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1852.
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Among the anthropic activities generating potentially toxic residues are those involved with bovine hide processing (tannery industries). However, knowledge is scant regarding the damage caused to the health of various organisms by tannery waste and studies are rare, especially in mammalian experimental models. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the physical and behavioral effects of the exposure of female Swiss mice to tannery effluent. To accomplish this, for a period of 15 days the animals were fed tannery effluent diluted with water in the following concentrations: 0% (control group, received only potable water), 5% and 10%. The body mass of the animals was evaluated at the beginning and end of the experiment, as well as the daily consumption of water and food. After 15 days of exposure to the effluent, the animals were submitted to the elevated plus maze (predictive of anxiety) and the forced swim test (predictive of depression). The treatments did not affect the animals’ body mass, either in eating behavior or in consumption of water. However, it was found that the animals that ingested tannery effluent concentrations of 5% and 10% exhibited an anxiolytic (lower level of anxiety, greater percentage of time in the open arms, longer time and frequency in the diving behavior, less time of lurks and less frequency of freezing) and an antidepressant effect (more time in climbing behavior and less time of immobility) when compared to the control group. It was concluded that the exposure of female Swiss mice to tannery effluents (5% and 10% diluted with water) causes behavioral changes, possibly related to the neurotoxicity of this waste, without causing physical changes in the animals.
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Jaeger, N., J. P. Moraes, C. R. Klauck, G. Gehlen, M. A. S. Rodrigues und A. L. Ziulkoski. „Cytotoxicity assays to evaluate tannery effluents treated by photoelectrooxidation“. Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, Nr. 4 suppl 2 (27.11.2015): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.01713suppl.
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The advanced oxidation process (AOP) is used to increase the treatment efficiency of effluents however, it is necessary to compare the toxicity of treated and untreated effluents to evaluate if the decontamination process does not cause any biological harm. Cultured cells have been previously used to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of various compounds. Hence, the aim of this work was to assess the applicability of cytotoxicity assays to evaluate the toxicity related to the AOP treatment. Samples of an industrial effluent were collected after their treatment by a conventional method. Cytotoxicity of standard and AOP treated effluents was assessed in CRIB and HEp-2 cell line using the MTT and neutral red assays. We observed decrease at cell viability in the both assays (50% MTT and 13% NRU) when cells were exposed to the AOP treatment in the highest concentration. Thus, cytotoxic assays in cultured cells can be explored as an useful method to evaluate toxicity as well as to optimize effluents treatment process.
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Kumar Mishra, Anoop, und Siddhartha Shukla. „Removal and recovery of hexavalent chromium from tannery effluent using low-cost adsorbents“. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, Nr. 02 (2023): 734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.031.
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The tannery industry effluents are the major source for the Cr(VI) production in wastewater streams. The present work deals with the determination of Cr(VI) removal capacity from synthetically prepared industrial effluent of and tannery industries using sawdust which is a low -cost adsorbent. In the present study, batch experiments were carried out for an initial Cr(VI) concentration ranging from 10 – 50 mg/l. Experimental results demonstrated that the sawdust adsorbent has a significant capacity for adsorption of Cr(VI) from tannery effluent. The effect of various parameters such as pH, temperature, adsorbent concentration, adsorbate concentration and retention time was investigated. The maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) on sawdust is obtained at pH 6 and 27 0 C. In the present study it was also clear that the higher absorbance was recorded in 50 ppm concentration of tannery effluent at 50g of saw dust.
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K, Roselin, und J. Caroline Rose. „Biodegradation of Tannic Acid, Chromium and Cadmium Present in Leather Industrial Effluents Using Microorganisms Isolated from Leather Industrial Sludge“. International Journal of Research and Review 8, Nr. 12 (22.12.2021): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211262.
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The present work was aimed to isolate indigenous predominant adapted Bacterial strains from tannery waste which possess the ability to detoxify and degrade Tannic acid, Chromium and Cadmium from tannery effluent. Fifteen bacterial strains were isolated from tannery sludge samples out of which Paracoccus pantotrophus (Tannery Waste 15) and Bacillus velezensis (Tannery Waste 17) were found to be the most efficient isolates. Degradation of Tannic acid, Cadmium and Chromium were evaluated for the two selected isolates. Better degradation of heavy metals was recorded in co-cultured media on day 7. From the study, it is evident that both P. pantotrophus and B. velezensis have has the ability to degrade tannic acid with maximum degradation on day 7 and absorbance was found to be 0.915 and 0.383 respectively. The strain P. pantotrophus showed better tannic acid degradation than B. velezensis. Better degradation was observed with co-culturing of both the strains with absorbance of 0.274. Optimal cadmium degradation was observed on day 7 with OD 2.013 and 1.709 for B. velezensis and P. pantotrophus respectively. P. pantotrophus showed better cadmium degradation when compared to B. velezensis. Chromium degradation was maximum on day 7 and absorbance was 2.096 for P. pantotrophus and 0.560 for B. velezensis. The isolates recorded an acceptable reduction in the concentration of Tannin, Chromium and Cadmium in tannery effluent. The results of this showed that the isolates reduced the concentration of Tannin, Chromium and Cadmium present in the raw tannery effluent and suggest that the organisms can be used as a possible treatment of tannery effluents. Keywords: Bio-degradation, Bacillus velezensis, Paracoccuspantotrophus, Chromium, Cadmium, Tannic acid, Tannery effluent.
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Sivakumar, Jenny, und Malliga Perumal. „Biodegradation of tannery effluent and its impact on seed germination of Oryza sativa“. Holistic approach to environment 10, Nr. 3 (10.07.2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.10.3.2.
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Environmental pollution, especially of water bodies, is one of the major problems and it is increased day by day. The contamination of environment with various toxic metals is a serious threat for ecosystem and human health. Industrial effluents may contain toxic metals, harmful volatile compounds and several organic and inorganic compounds such as chromium, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and lead which are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment without adequate treatment. However, tannery industries are the major source of chromium contamination into the environment. Tanneries are typically characterized as pollution intensive industrial complexes which generate widely varying, high-strength wastewaters. The discharge of these toxic effluents has been a major loss from the ecological, social and economic perspective. There are many conventional physiochemical methods available for the removal of heavy metals from the tannery effluents that are highly expensive and require skilled techniques. However, microbial reduction of toxic chromium to non-toxic chromium by chromium resistance microorganism is the most pragmatic approach that offers an economical as well as eco-friendly process. Hence, this study examines the biodegradation of tannery effluent and its impacts on the germination of Oryza sativa seeds.
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R, Mathivanan, und Chandirasekar R. „Study on the comet assay and micronucleus test in eudrilus eugeniae earthworms’ coelomocytes exposed with tannery industrial effluents“. Kongunadu Research Journal 7, Nr. 2 (05.10.2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj.2020.24.
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Tannery effluents having the different kind’s chemical compounds are extensively used to the production of leather industries and it’s considered as rich potential of environmental pollutant.Earthworms are easily affecting the toxic chemical in environmentally and in this organism is good experimental animal for monitoring the soil pollution and terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, we taken from the industrial raw tannery effluents and the experimental animal in earthworm species of Eudrilus eugeniae (10 for each group) were introduced to 48 hrs for tannery effluent in five different concentrations like 10 ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40 ml, and 50 ml and to find out LC50 level. The LC50 was found at 35 ml concentration. The study was used to the LC50/2, LC50, 2XLC50 for 48 hrs. Then the genotoxicity level was evaluated in Eudrilus eugeniae species. After that we collect earthworm’s coelomocytes by using the micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay (CA) test. Result of the study, MN and CA level was significantly increased in both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays and the high concentration of effluent to promote the increased level of DNA damage and micronucleus in Eudrilus eugenie species.
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Islam, M. Rafiqul, Md Shajedul Islam, Jesmin Akter und Tanzina Sultana. „The Studies of Environmental Load and Consequences of Leather Industrial Effluents in Bangladesh“. Dec 2022 - Jan 2023, Nr. 31 (02.01.2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jeimp.31.1.14.
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Leather industrial effluent is restrained as one of the most ecologically uncomplimentary industrial processes. The study aims to review leather effluents in the industrial processes and their involvement in environmental contamination in Bangladesh. The article was organized to compile all present data from different journals, books, reports, and web sources on tannery effluents characterization in the country. A wide variability of synthetic dyes, dyestuffs, and toxic chemicals is used in the leather and tannery industrial sector. The result revealed that some physicochemical water parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), etc. and one heavy metal, Cr of the leather industrial effluents of the country exceeded their standard limits. The effluents and solid wastes are affecting the soil systems, agriculture, aquatic environment, and public health since the development of the leather industries in the country. Now a day, its proper management and curative measures like the removal system have become the furthermost considerate responsibilities of Bangladesh. It is imperious to take instantaneous steps to diminish environmental contamination owing to discharge the of untreated leather industrial effluents.
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Abioye, O. P., O. A. Oyewole, S. B. Oyeleke, M. O. Adeyemi und A. A. Orukotan. „Biosorption of lead, chromium and cadmium in tannery effluent using indigenous microorganisms“. Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, Nr. 9 (2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.050903.
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This study investigated the biosorption of lead, chromium and cadmium in tannery effluent using indigenous microorganisms. Bacteria isolated from the tannery effluent were Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium while fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. The microorganisms were tested for their ability to reduce the concentration of the heavy metals in the tannery effluent using conventional methods. B. megaterium recorded the highest lead reduction (2.13 to 0.03 mg/L), followed by B. subtilis (2.13-0.04 mg/L). A. niger recorded the highest ability to reduce the concentration of chromium (1.38-0.08 mg/L) followed by Penicillium sp. (1.38 0.13 mg/L) while B. subtilis exhibited the highest ability to reduce the concentration of cadmium (0.4-0.03 mg/L) followed by B. megaterium (0.04-0.06 mg/L) after 20 days. When these values were compared to standard limits of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), World Health Organization (WHO), National Environmental Standard and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the isolates recorded an acceptable reduction in the concentration of lead, chromium and cadmium in sterile and unsterile tannery effluent. The results of this showed that the isolates reduced the concentration of lead, chromium and cadmium present in the sterile and raw tannery effluent and suggest that the organisms can be used as a possible treatment of tannery effluents.
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Monira, U., G. S. Sattar und M. G. Mostafa. „Characterization and Removal Efficiency of Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)“. Journal of Sustainability and Environmental Management 2, Nr. 1 (10.03.2023): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/josem.v2i1.53116.
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Tannery industries are one of the most pollution-generating industries in the world. Tannery wastewater is usually characterized by high BOD, COD, TDS, and TSS and a high percentage of dissolved organic and inorganic matter. The central effluent treatment plant (CETP) of industry plays a vital role in sustainable industrial waste management and saves different lives from harmful effects. The study aimed to analyze various physicochemical parameters of the composite tannery influent and effluent as well as the removal efficiency of the CETP of the Savar Tannery Industrial Zone in Bangladesh. It was carried out at Savar Upazila, situated in the northwest part of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The samples were collected three times (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) in a year, from monsoon 2021 to pre-monsoon 2022. The major water quality parameters for the influents and effluents included pH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, NO3-, SO42-, HCO3-, PO43-, Cl-, Na, Ca, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Most of the parameters, especially BOD, COD, TDS, and TSS after treatment, exceeded the standard permissible limits of effluent discharge prescribed by the ISW-BDS-ECR (1997), DoE-BD, and NEQS (2000), and these values were two times higher than the permissible limit. The DO value was four times lower than the permissible limit, indicating heavily polluted water. The concentration of the cations in the tannery effluents was in the following order: Na>Ca>Cr>Fe>Cu>Zn>Pb. The analysis results illustrated that the overall removal efficiency of the CETP was about 47%. The study observed that the performance of the CETP was not satisfactory, and hence it needs further improvement in the treating capacity for sustainable industrial wastewater management.
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Sasivarman, B., M. Rajeshkannan, V. Sowmiya, E. Subashchandrabose und R. Swetha. „Evaluation of Anaerobic Digester for Treating Tannery Effluent by Water Displacement Method“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 4.2 (22.09.2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.2.26328.
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At hand, be a lot of process to production of leather, such as soaking, liming, degreasing, pickling and tanning process. This makes huge quantity of waste water manufacture from tannery industry. Tannery effluents are additional cause to the environment. An Indian tannery industry generates the tannery effluent regarding 50,000 m3/ day. As a result, treating tannery effluent is the majority chief assignment to save the adjacent area and to get better fresh water. In this exploration the sample from the tanning industry waste water undergo Biological behavior development, typically tanning industry waste water is an effectual within the organichealingprogression. In this learningalongsideby means of the waste matter, the activated slush from Sewage Treatment Plant is additional as a seeding material in the proportion of 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, replacein the 500ml serum bottle in addition to closed tightly to keep up Anaerobic situation and evaluate their biogas production day by day. The 60% activated sludge and the 40% tannery waste waters Mixture gave the high yield of biogas and degraded the macrobiotic contaminants efficiently. From this study, it is observed that activated Sludge is use as seeding materials to biodegrade the natural pollutant at hand in the tannery waste water.
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Parvin, A., und S. Hoque. „Removal of Pb and Zn from industrial effluent using humic acid“. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 51, Nr. 4 (10.12.2016): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v51i4.30447.
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The present work was conducted to remove Pb and Zn from industrial effluents by coagulating the ions with humic acids. Seven types of effluents were collected from textile, tannery and pharmaceutical industries. Two commercially available humic acids one in a liquid state and another one in a semi-solid state, humic acid extracted from peat were used to remove Pb and Zn from industrial effluents as well as synthetic waste water. Optical property, carbon concentration and coagulation threshold of humic acids were studied. Same carbon concentration (1 x 10-5 g L-1) of all the sources was maintained at neutral pH. The values of water soluble Pb and Zn in effluents were 0.000 - 0.0711 ?g/mL and 0.002 - 0.024 ?g/mL, respectively. Results indicated that liquid humic acid having E4: E6 ratio of 1.2 removed 100% Pb and Zn only from pharmaceutical effluent whereas humic acid extracted from peat having E4: E6 ratio of 3.18 completely (100%) removed these metals from pharmaceutical and tannery effluents. Semi-solid humic acid having the lowest E4: E6 ratio of 1.07 did not form coagulation with the metals. The performance of humic acid extracted from peat was better than that of commercially available humic acids. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(4), 279-284, 2016
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Panneerselvam, V. Pon. „Reduction of Toxic Parameters in Effluents Through Coagulation and Flocculation Using Natural Plant Fibers“. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, Nr. 1 (2016): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.411607.
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The present study deals with the determination of physical and chemical parameters inthe treatment process of waste water by flocculation and coagulation processes using natural coagulants and assessing their feasibility for water treatment by comparing the performance with each other and with a synthetic coagulant. Initial studies were done on the synthetic waste water to determine the optimal pH and dosage, the activity of natural coagulant, followed by the real effluent from tannery waste. The raw tannery effluent was bluish-black in colour, mildly basic in nature, with high COD 4000mg/l and turbidity in the range 700NTU, was diluted and dosed with organic coagulants, AloeVera, MoringaOleifera and Cactus (O.ficus-indica).. The study observed that coagulant Moringa Oleifera of 15 mg/L dose at 6 pH gave the best reduction efficiencies for major physicochemical parameters followed by Aloe Vera and Cactus under identical conditions. The study reveals that the untreated tannery effluents can be treated with environmental confirmative naturally occurring coagulants.
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Ibrahim, S. S., und T. S. Imam. „Acute toxicity analysis of effluent from tannery industry in Kano metropolis“. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 1 (15.04.2020): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.17s.
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The acute toxicity of tannery effluents collected from Challawa industrial estate Kano, Nigeria was assessed using Artemia salina and Clarias gariepinus. The test was done after the evaluation of range finding test before a definitive test with 3 replication of each treatment. The varying concentrations were prepared by diluting crude effluent with borehole water on V/V% in a completely randomized design. The experiment showed C. gariepinus fingerling to exhibit abnormal behavior such as initial erratic movement, skin discolouration and loss of reflex. Recorded mortality and behavioral abnormalities in both species observed were dose-time-dependent. The 96 hours LC50 estimated for C. gariepinus was 9.95% while that of A. salina after 24 hours and 48 hours were 4.63%, 0.73% respectively. Thus, the information from the study demonstrates the toxic effect of tannery effluent which requires proper management before its discharge into environment.
Keywords: Acute toxicity, Artemia salina, Clarias gariepinus, Effluent, Tannery
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Admas, Tayachew, und Bizuayehu Kerisew. „Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Potential of Effluents from Bahir Dar Tannery Using Allium cepa“. Advances in Public Health 2022 (15.02.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5519304.
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Tannery effluent plays a significant role in increasing pollution in the environment; in particular, it contains toxic heavy metals which cause toxic effects on plant genetic materials. Among tannery effluent chemicals, chromium and lead have cytotoxicity and genotoxicity potentials on Allium cepa. This investigation was undertaken to assess the physicochemical properties of tannery wastewater and their effect on the genetic materials of A. cepa. Effluent’s physicochemical characteristics were investigated using digital instruments for direct measurement and standard methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometer colorimetric analysis. A series of six onion bulbs were grown in 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% concentrations of wastewater (v/v) ratio, and root tips from each onion bulb were cut and processed for analysis by aceto-orcein squash technique. Most of effluent components were above the discharge limit standards set by Federal Environmental Protection Agency and Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority. The cytotoxicity effect on the root growth showed a significant reduction at high concentration. Simple regression analysis showed that the results of mitotic index were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in different concentrations. A decrease in mitotic index with increasing concentration of the effluent was observed. The effluent had induced chromosomal abnormalities such as laggard, fragmentation, stickiness, bridge, micronucleus, and binucleated and morphologically changed nuclei in A. cepa root cells among others. The results showed that cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and chromosomal aberrations were induced by the tannery effluent. Industries shall think of biological waste treatment methods.
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Abdullateef, B., T. G. Shuaibu, K. ,. Babagana, H. B. Suleman und B. Dauda. „Biodegradation potential of immobilized bacteria in the treatment of Tannery Industrial effluents from industrial estates in Kano State, Nigeria“. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 2 (14.12.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v13i2.1.
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Industrial Effluents Samples from Gashash Tanneries (TAN1) in Bompai Industrial estate, Larabee Tannery Industry (TAN2) in Sharada Industrial estate and Z Tannery Industries (TAN3) in Challawa Industrial estate, Kano State, Nigeria were collected over a period of six months (August 2017 to January 2018) for assessing the biodegradation potentials of bacteria in the treatment of organic pollutants within the effluents. Bacteria were isolated from the effluents and immobilized on agar-agar. Different masses (5 g, 10 g, 15g, 20 g, and 25 g) of the bacteria were used in the treatment of 250 ml of the effluents for ten days in a shaker incubator (Gallenkamp-OC-4364-L) at the temperature 30 °C and speed of 60 rpm. Pre-treatment analysis of the effluents for Temperature, pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solid (SS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) gives the following results; temperature (ºC) ranged (26.38±3.81-30.33±3.79); pH (5.35±1.57-9.00±0.78); BOD (13.85±6.42-38.75±16.20); COD (1406±208-3532±1373); SS (208±235-780±739) and TDS (266±253-5276±2971). No statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) was observed for all the results among the different industries. The bacterial isolates were identified as Neisseria spp, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus, in TAN1, TAN2, and TAN3, respectively. After treatment of the effluent with the different masses of the isolated bacteria, the mean level of BOD was found to range as (0.55±0.36-6.92±5.49); COD (ND-3134±1595); SS (18±022-898±672) and TDS (4±002-83±078). The results of Post-treatment analysis showed that there is overall decrease in the levels of the parameters determined when compared with that of the pre-treatment. The overall percentage reduction of the immobilised bacteria in the treatment of the respective effluents was in the order TAN2 (72%)>TAN1 (70%)>TAN3 (62%). Hence, the immobilized bacteria are having higher biodegradation potential for the treatment of the tannery effluents.
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Rose, P. D., B. A. Maart, K. M. Dunn, R. A. Rowswell und P. Britz. „High rate algal oxidation ponding for the treatment of tannery effluents“. Water Science and Technology 33, Nr. 7 (01.03.1996): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0141.
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The growth of Spirulina sp has been observed in tannery effluent stabilization ponds. The development of a Spirulina-based High Rate Oxidation Pond was undertaken and both substantial remediation and odour reduction were achieved. Accumulating alkalinity associated with algal growth in the pond cascade was successfully used to reduce the ammonia toxicity effects on Spirulina productivity. Evaluation of the feed value of harvested biomass was undertaken in Artemia salina, chickens, abalone and rainbow trout. A Spirulina-based High Rate Algal Oxidation Ponding process has been shown to present a potential opportunity factor in the form of value-added biomass providing a novel dimension to the treatment of tannery effluents.
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Shaibu, A. N., und A. A. Audu. „Evaluation of Physiochemical Parameters and Some Heavy Metals from Tannery Effluents of Sharada and Challawa Industrial Areas of Kano State, Nigeria“. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 27, Nr. 2 (27.05.2020): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v27i2.22.
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The evaluation of physicochemical parameters and some heavy metals was carried out from six different tannery companies at the industrial areas of Challawa and Sharada, using standard procedures. Temperature, pH, conductivity and total dissolved solids(TDS) were determined using portable digital hand logging meter. The sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, arsenic contents were determined using UV Spectrophotometer, while chloride, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) contents were determined using titrimetric method, and the heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean temperature of the water ranged from 36.00 – 39.670C, pH: 2.63 – 9.33, conductivity: 336.33 – 12351.67μS/cm, TDS: 166.73 – 6017.67mg/L, sulphate: 114.00 – 466.67mg/L, phosphate: 0.29 – 12.80mg/L, chloride: 58.66 – 1577.87mg/L, nitrate: 6.03 - 33.43mg/L, DO: 2.60 – 21.27mg/L and BOD: 0.77 – 12.33mg//L. Water samples from the tannery effluents contained higher levels for both physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in untreated than treated. Cadmium and nickel were within the WHO limit for both treated and untreated while arsenic was within the limit for only treated effluent. Chromium and lead were above the WHO limit for both treated and untreated effluent. The parameters studied showed variations within the tannery companies and this may affect the Challawariver where this effluent is discharged which can have long term health effect on the aquatic animals and humans that depend on the river water for their daily activities.
Keywords: Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolve Oxygen, Heavy Metals and Effluents
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ALSAS, SALISU ALIYU, Zaharaddeen N. Garba und M. S. Sallau. „NICKEL ADSORPTION ONTO SWEET DATTOCK SHELL: STATISTICAL ERROR FUNCTION MODELS AS PARAMETRIC ISOTHERM PREDICTORS“. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, Nr. 2 (20.06.2022): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0602-962.
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The speedy increase in the pollution of water bodies due to heavy metals discharged from tannery effluents is becoming a serious issue, calling for important measures to be taken to order to curtail water contamination. In this study, a low-cost adsorbent was prepared by carbonizing sweet dattock shell (Sd) for the removal of nickel (Ni) from tannery effluent. The two (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin) and three (Redlich Peterson, Sips, Toths) parameter isotherm models were used to fit the equilibrium data using linear regression methods by applying error functions in determine the best adsorption isotherm model. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to characterize the adsorbents. Sips and Langmuir were the best-fitted isotherm models for the process based on error functions. Chi-square error function predicted well for two-and three-parameter isotherm study having the lowest errors values. The FTIR showed a shift functional groups present at certain vibrations. The SEM affirmed irregular surface texture for the Sd with pore openings and whitish spots on the adsorbent. Also, Sd shell adsorption capacity proved efficient as an adsorbent for Ni removal from tannery effluents.
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ALSAS, SALISU ALIYU, Z. N. Garba und M. S. Sallau. „NICKEL ADSORPTION ONTO SWEET DATTOCK SHELL: STATISTICAL ERROR FUNCTION MODELS AS PARAMETRIC ISOTHERM PREDICTORS“. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, Nr. 3 (07.07.2022): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0603-969.
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The speedy increase in the pollution of water bodies due to heavy metals discharged from tannery effluents is becoming a serious issue, calling for important measures to be taken to order to curtail water contamination. In this study, a low-cost adsorbent was prepared by carbonizing sweet dattock shell (Sd) for the removal of nickel (Ni) from tannery effluent. The two (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin) and three (Redlich Peterson, Sips, Toths) parameter isotherm models were used to fit the equilibrium data using linear regression methods by applying error functions in determine the best adsorption isotherm model. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier ransform infrared (FTIR) were used to characterize the adsorbents. Sips and Langmuir were the best-fitted isotherm models for the process based on error functions. Chi-square error function predicted well for two-and three-parameter isotherm study having the lowest errors values. The FTIR showed a shift functional groups present at certain vibrations. The SEM affirmed irregular surface texture for the Sd with pore openings and whitish spots on the adsorbent. Also, Sd shell adsorption capacity proved efficient as an adsorbent for Ni removal from tannery effluents.
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Irfan, Muhammad, Yulong Chen, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Abrar, Ahmed Qadri und Osama Bhutta. „Geotechnical Properties of Effluent-Contaminated Cohesive Soils and Their Stabilization Using Industrial By-Products“. Processes 6, Nr. 10 (22.10.2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6100203.
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The unchecked and unnoticed disposal of industrial leachates is a common malpractice in developing countries. Untreated effluents from industries drastically deteriorate the soil, altering nearly all of its characteristics. An increase in urbanization has led to construction on these deteriorated lands. In this study, the chemical impact of two industrial effluents, dyeing (acidic) and tannery (basic), is studied on two cohesive soils, i.e., high plastic clay (CH) and low plastic clay (CL). Properties such as liquid limit, plasticity index, specific gravity, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, swell potential, swell pressure, and compression indices decrease with effluent contamination, with the exception of the basic effluent, for which the trend changes after a certain percentage. This study also examines the time variation of properties at different effluent percentages, finding that unconfined compressive strength of both soils increases with time upon dyeing (acidic) contamination and decreases with tannery (basic). The stabilizing effect of two industrial by-products, i.e., marble dust and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) have been evaluated. Unlike their proven positive effect on uncontaminated soils, these industrial by-products did not show any significant stabilization effect on leachate-contaminated cohesive soils, thereby emphasizing the need to utilize special remediation measures for effluent treated soils.
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Ramteke, Pramod W., S. Awasthi, T. Srinath und Babu Joseph. „Efficiency assessment of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) treating tannery effluents“. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 169, Nr. 1-4 (03.09.2009): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1156-6.
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Paltahe, Abba, Tsamo Cornelius, Balkissou Sambo, Djaoyang Christian, Téri Téri, Danga Rallet und Abdoul Wahabou. „Physico-Chemical Characterization of Local Tannery Waste Water Before and After Flocculation Treatment“. International Journal of Chemistry 11, Nr. 2 (22.07.2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v11n2p77.
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This paper presents the variation in physico-chemical properties of a local Maroua tannery effluent before and after a flocculation treatment. Tanning is a process that consists of the transformation of the animal skin into leather by using different baths which contain many chemical reagents and produces high quantity of liquid and solid waste. The used water of traditional tannery of Maroua is directly thrown in nature without any pre-treatment posing a potential risk to the environment and human health. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH and conductivity, Total suspended solids, Total hardness, chlorides, sulfides, nitrates,COD, BOD5 , ammonium ion, dissolve oxygen, turbidity, colour and odour were determined before and after aluminum sulfate powder flocculation treatment for effluents collected from soaking, liming, deliming and vegetable tanning stages of the tannery process. The results obtained showed that most of the physico-chemical parameters are higher than the international standard. The results obtained made it possible to classify these four effluents in order of toxicity as follows: Liming water > vegetable tanning water > deliming water > soaking water. The treatment of these waste waters by flocculation reduces the concentrations of certain pollutant loads such as TSS, turbidity, hardness, COD, BOD5, sulfate; but remains less effective on others such as nitrate, chloride and ammonium ion (8%). There is also a decrease in pH, an increase in dissolved oxygen and conductivity. The flocculation treatment thus considerably reduced the toxicity of these effluents, especially its organic load.
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Khan, H., RS Akter und SA Lipi. „Strategies for the Remediation of Cadmium and Chromium From Industrial Effluents in Response to Amaranthus Cruentus, Spinacia Oleracea And Amaranthus Viridis of Bangladesh“. Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 8, Nr. 2 (16.01.2023): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v8i2.63822.
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Discharge of industrial effluents and their remediation in relation to crop production are the major concerns. Accordingly, the color, pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness, chloride, CO3, HCO3, alkalinity, Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, and Cr contents in the effluents discharged from Hazaribagh tannery and Tejgaon textile industries in Dhaka were determined. These effluents had no significant (p≤0.05) effects on soil pH but exerted significant positive effects on the CEC of the soil. The TDS of the effluents were also high but it decreased by alum [K2SO4 Al2 (SO4)3 24 H2O] treatment (0.1%). The DO of the effluents was low and the COD was high leading to a serious threat for aquatic lives. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr were high. Filtration through natural sand-gravity-filter acts like Effluent Treatment Plant-ETP and coagulation of effluents by alum decreased the concentrations of Cd and Cr below the permissible limits. The treated effluents were used for the production of vegetables of red amaranth (Amarunthus cruentus), green spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and green amaranth (Amarunthus viridis) grown in a non-polluted soil under pot experiments. Application of treated effluents was found to have significant (p≤0.05) positive effects on the biomass production of the vegetables. The highest amounts of assimilation of Cd in plants were recorded for the Green spinach followed by Green amaranth and for Cr, the order was green spinach followed by red amaranth and green amaranth vegetables grown under the treated effluents of tannery and textile industries. The present study revealed that the natural sand-gravity-filter (i.e., Economic ETP) and alum treatments were found to be effective not only for the remediation of polluted effluents but also improved the growth of vegetables. The use of natural filter and/or alum treatment can be practiced for the remediation of pollution of industrial effluents before discharging from industries. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(2): 109-118
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Kistan, A., V. Kanchana und N. K. Geetha. „Seasonable Variation on Trace Metals Statistical Values of Groundwater in and Around Tannery Areas of Vellore District“. Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, Nr. 3 (30.06.2021): 735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/37033110.13005/ojc/370331.
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This paper investigates the determination of seasonable variation of trace metals named Copper, Zinc, Iron, Cadmium, Chromium and Lead set down in the groundwater in and around area of tannery areas of Vellore district. The tanneries discharge untreated tannery effluents, which get mixed with the soil, water of the Palar River, and underground in this area. The determination of metals was performed for the groundwater samples which are collected from adjacent to tannery localities, which bears untreated tannery effluents at pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The metals might be deposited into the plants and vegetables grown on that agricultural soil, which disturb human health. Somewhat risky amount of trace metals were found in some groundwater samples, especially in the case of in pre-monsoon. All these trace metals were analysed by the Atomic adsorption spectroscopy technique (AAS). These metals contamination in the groundwater is answerable for the support of harmfulness in farming crops and underground water.
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Žgajnar Gotvajn, A., und J. Zagorc-Končan. „Identification of inhibitory effects of industrial effluents on nitrification“. Water Science and Technology 59, Nr. 4 (01.02.2009): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.060.
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The aim of our work was to determine the extent of inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium oxidation (ISO 8192 2007) for various wastewaters. We have selected several types of wastewaters different in their origin and composition: pharmaceutical wastewater, tannery wastewater and municipal landfill leachate. To confirm results of toxicity testing, additional ready biodegradability assessment test with measurement of oxygen consumption was accomplished to indicate the impact of effluents to nitrification process. Pharmaceutical wastewater was toxic to activated sludge, but it inhibited heterotrophic microorganisms much more than nitrifying ones. Biodegradability testing confirmed low impact to nitrification by high, non-suppressed oxygen consumption for nitrification process. Tannery effluent inhibited nitrification significantly (180 min EC50 was 57 vol.%), but it did not affect heterotrophic microorganisms. Landfill leachate was very toxic to heterotrophic microorganisms (180 min EC50 was 3 vol.%), while it inhibited nitrification less (180 min EC50 was 24 vol.%). Presented research confirmed that the investigated experimental method is a reliable one for detection of occurrence of substances inhibiting nitrification in different industrial effluents. With regular monitoring of inhibitory impact biological treatment process upsets could be avoided and treatment optimised.
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Wang, Lawrence K., Douglas B. Dahm, Robert E. Baier und Robert C. Ziegler. „Treatment of tannery effluents by surface adsorption“. Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 25, Nr. 6 (25.04.2007): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5020250610.
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Dabai, Aminu Isiya, und Kasim Mohammed. „CHROMIUM REMOVAL FROM TANNERY WASTEWATER: A REVIEW“. Platform : A Journal of Science and Technology 3, Nr. 1 (30.07.2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/pjstvol3iss1art8483.
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Tanning process generates high strength wastewater containing heavy metals, nutrients, organic and inorganic contaminants, which may adversely affect public health and the environment. The wastewater contains considerable amounts of heavy metals including Cr(VI) which is carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic, and persistent in the environment. Several physico-chemical treatment approaches were employed in tannery wastewater treatment and proved to considerably reduce the level of toxic Cr and other pollutants to low concentrations. Despite the capabilities of physico-chemical treatment methods in treating high concentrations of toxic effluents, they are associated with setbacks including low removal efficiencies, high cost of chemicals, high energy requirement as well as low nutrients removal from the wastewater stream. Microalgal wastewater treatment systems can play an important role in bioremediation of tannery effluent and are considered as low-cost, efficient treatment alternatives that can potentially remove organic and inorganic contaminants, heavy metals, and possibly reduce the toxic Cr (VI) to a much less toxic Cr (III), especially when coupled with activated carbon.Keywords: microalgae, effluent, chromium, activated sludge, absorption, heavy metals
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Islam, M. Rafiqul, GKM Mustafizur Rahman, M. Abu Saleque und MJ Uddin. „Effect of industrial effluents on seed germination and seedling growth of rice“. Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 26, Nr. 1 (20.01.2017): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v26i1.46350.
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An experiment was conducted during T. Aman 2010 and Boro 2010-11 seasons to determine the effect of industrial effluents on seed germination and seedling growth of rice. In both the seasons, all the effluents and city waste water (CWW) had no effect on rice seed germination except pharmaceutical effluent. Pharmaceutical effluent showed the lowest seed germination. City waste water gave the highest shoot length (8.40 and 5.38 cm) and root length (8.06 and 6.35 cm) in the T. Aman and Boro seasons, respectively. Pharmaceutical effluent gave the highest shoot-root ratio of 10.49 while tannery effluent gave lowest ratio of 0.91. In both T. Aman and Boro seasons, seedling weight with and without endosperm, seedlings dry weight, seedling strength were found higher with CWW. During T. Aman and Boro seasons, relative germination ratio showed higher with a beverage effluent but relative shoot and root elongation ratio were found higher with CWW managed treatment.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 59-68, 2017 (January)
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Hossain, M. Iqbal, und M. Nural Anwar. „Isolation and Identification of Heavy Metal Tolerant Bacteria from Tannery Effluents“. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 29, Nr. 1 (25.06.2016): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v29i1.28430.
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The aim and objective of the study was to isolate and characterize heavy metal tolerant microorganisms from tannery effluents. Six effluent samples were collected aseptically and their physical and chemical parameters were determined. A total of 40 bacterial colonies were isolated from these effluent samples. Among them, six bacterial isolates were characterized provisionally as Alcaligenes aquamarinus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus firmus, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas alcaligens and Pseudomonas mendocina based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The survibality and tolerance to heavy metals (Cr and Cu) of these isolates were examined. All the isolates were found to grow at high concentration of CuSO4 (95ppm/ml) and varying degrees of chromium (K2Cr2O7). The highest tolerance was shown by Alcaligenes aquamarinus. These heavy metal tolerant organisms could be potential agents for bioremediation of heavy metals polluted environment.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 23-26
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Sangeetha, V., und P. S. Sharavanan. „Use of tannery effluent for irrigation: an evaluative study on the response of Sorghum plants its growth and biochemical characteristics“. Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 3, Nr. 5 (11.09.2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i5.225.
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The present study deals with the impact of various dilutions of tannery effluents on Sorghum bicolor seed germination with its growth and biochemical characteristics grown for a period of 11 days. Sorghum plant grown with different effluent concentrations i.e, 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% shows effects on plant growth parameters and biochemical parameters such as; germination percentage, shoot and root length, and chlorophyll. The result clearly shows that the concentrations of effluents straight influence on the growth and biochemical constituents. The heavy metal accretion found at the higher level in root when compared with control. Accumulation of heavy metals creates chronic health problems for human and cattle through the food chain in long run.
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Mohamed Farhaan, Makba, und Rajesh C. Patil. „Tannase Enzyme for Microbial Degradation of Industrial Effluents: A Review“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 12 (10.12.2022): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1112.022.
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Pollution is a pervasive phenomenon and inconvenient truth. Effluents from domestic and industrial sources are being released into the water bodies. They not only pollute the water bodies but also disturb the normal biological cycles of associated organisms. Industrial effluents are more polluting in nature as compared to domestic effluents. Industries utilize humongous quantities of water for cooling, cleaning, transportation and other tasks. In the process the water interacts with different chemicals, some are toxic while some may be neutral. It forms a harmful effluent and when it is disposed of in water bodies, causes water pollution. Wastewater from the brewery, tannery, paper pulp industries, food industries and textile industries are rich in organic contaminants. Removal of degradation of these contaminants is quite important before their disposal into water bodies. Various methods are available for effective removal of these contaminants from the effluents namely physical, chemical & biological. Biological treatment involves both aerobic & anaerobic treatment as well as degradation with microbes. Microbes contain several enzymes that can effectively degrade different organic compounds. Tannase isolated from some fungal and bacterial strains is effective in the degradation of tannin present in the effluent from the leather industry.
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Boujelben, Raouia, Mariem Ellouze und Sami Sayadi. „Detoxification Assays of Tunisian Tannery Wastewater under Nonsterile Conditions Using the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger“. BioMed Research International 2019 (03.06.2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9020178.
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The ability of Aspergillus niger strain to reduce organic and mineral pollution as well as the toxicity of two tannery wastewaters, the unhairing effluent (UE) and the final effluent (FE), taken from a local Tunisian tannery and under nonsterile conditions, was studied. Raw effluents show alkaline pH ≥11; thus experiments were carried out at initial pH values and at pH adjusted to 6. Characterization of effluents also revealed high salt levels (EC > 17 mS/cm) and high organic matter content (25 g/L for the UE and 7.2 g/L for the FE) but a low biodegradability since BOD5 did not exceed 2.5 and 1.25 g/L for the UE and the FE, respectively. The results of the biological treatment showed that A. niger was able not only to grow at high pH and salinity values, but also to reduce organic and mineral pollutant load. After treatment, the COD reduction for the UE reached 90% and 70% at pH=6 and at initial pH (12.13), respectively. For the FE, the decrease of COD values reached 75% at pH=6 and 64% at initial pH (11.64). Monitoring of mineral pollution levels showed a reduction in chromium (Cr) concentrations reaching 70% for the FE. This was reflected by an increase of the biomass of A. niger from 9.25 g/L (control) to 9.84 g/L for the FE. To confirm the efficiency of the biological treatment using A. niger, phytotoxicity (tomato seeds) and microtoxicity (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) tests were carried out. Results of this monitoring showed an important decrease in the toxicity levels for both effluents.
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Al Mamun, Md Abdulla, und Quazi Farjana Lamia. „Hybrid Treatment of Tannery Effluent by Natural Coagulants for Vegetative Seed Germination“. Journal of Engineering Science 13, Nr. 1 (05.07.2022): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jes.v13i1.60564.
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Treatment of the tannery wastewater by mixing the effluents in desired ratio, with natural coagulants prepared by using natural elements and small quantity of chemicals is a cost-effective method. Here, indigenous naturalcoagulant named chitosan extracted from shrimp-shell and Morinaga Oleifera seed as a bio-absorbent was used. To the best of knowledge, this comprehensive hybrid method not been investigated yet for tannery effluent treatment. Chitosan can also be used in water processing engineering as a part of a filtration process. Chitosan causes the fine sediment particles to bind together and is subsequently removed with the sediment during sand filtration. The Chitosan and Morinaga seeds extraction works on wastewater treatment in an excellent way. The reduction of BOD, COD, Salinity proves the effectively of these prepared coagulants from natural elements. Resultant coagulant treated wastewater significantly reduced the pollutants were 97% TDS, 46% COD, 10% Salinity and 43% BOD respectively and removal proves the effectivity of these prepared coagulants. Moreover, it will help on the designing a low-cost chemical free treatment technology of the tannery effluent as for attracting the tannery-owner to set up a treatment plant. At the same time, the effect of the treated water to the vegetative seed germination and growth was also examined. That can be identified the impact of application of the treated wastewater for irrigation. Journal of Engineering Science 13(1), 2022, 73-79