Dissertationen zum Thema „Taille de particules abrasives“
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Trevisiol, Céline. „Effet de la microstructure et de la rugosité sur le comportement au frottement et à l’usure d’aciers faiblement alliés“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2430.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is an experimental work highlighting the effects of microstructure and roughness on friction and wear behavior of low alloy steels. That's why, low alloyed steels are carrefully selected in order to generate precise microstructures. Thus, different samples characterized by a chemical composition, a microstructure and a macro-hardness are generated and characterized tribojogically by performing friction tests. An original reflection was conducted to study the tribological behavior of the same steel with different microstructures for the same level of macrohardness. In addition, the effect of normal load on the contribution of microstructure and roughness on tribological behavior is investigated. This characterization is carried out by measurements of friction coefficient, wear rate, roughness parameters, micro-hardness and nanoindentation tests, energy dispersive analyzes, observatibns by using scanning electron microscopy and analysis of wear mechanisms. Finally, 273 configurations are studied and different trends are identified, Moreover, a comparison between the results from an experimental approach and a modeling approach of the tribological behavior of dual-phase microstructures was carried out. From this study, reflections are performed as regards the modes of the applied pressure pressure between the phases as function of roughness and normal load during the experimental friction tests
Arsenault, Benoît. „Obésité viscérale, taille des particules LDL et profil inflammatoire athérogène“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24090/24090.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCOSTE, JEAN PAUL. „Depot de particules minerales de taille colloidale en milieu poreux“. Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066287.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArsenault, Benoit. „Obésité viscérale, taille des particules LDL et profil inflammatoire athérogène“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18830.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Mouakibi Abderrahim. „Elaboration de particules submicroniques de taille et forme contrôlées d'hydroxyde d'aluminium“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13202.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrändle, de Motta Jorge César. „Simulation des écoulements turbulents avec des particules de taille finie en régime dense“. Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany applications and natural environment flows make use of particles (sedimentation, fluidized bed,sprays...). Particle laden flows are described correctly by numerical methods when the particles are smaller than all other spatial scales of the flow. This thesis involves the numerical simulation of a particle laden sustained homogeneous isotropic turbulence whose particle's size is larger than the Kolmogovov spatial scale. A numerical method has been developed and validated in the numerical code Thetis. The novelty of this method is the viscosity penalization approach. The particles are tracked by a Lagrangian way. The main results obtained are related to three simulations where the density ratio between the solid and the fluid varies. Each simulation reproduces the movement of 512particles whose diameter is 22 times the Kolmogorov spatial scale (3% volumetric solid fraction).The dispersion of particles is studied and has similar behavior than those observed with point particles simulations. The collision regime is also investigated. It is shown that he number of frontal collision is lower than its estimate for kinetic theory of gazes because there is a correlation between the particles velocity and the surrounding fluid. The modification of the collision regime when the lubrication film between particles at collision is taken into account is studied. Finally, the averaged flow around particles is analyzed and shows that there is a dissipation layer around particles
Rousselet, Juliette. „Migration sans force macroscopique de particules browniennes : application à la séparation en taille“. Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10531.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBellino, Isabelle (1973. „Caractérisation de la taille et de la concentration volumique de particules en suspension“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMacsiniuc, Adrian. „Effet de la taille des particules sur la régénération des poudrettes de caoutchouc vulcanisé“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30249/30249.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElzo, Dominique. „Étude théorique et expérimentale de l'adhésion de particules de taille micronique sur une surface plane“. Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT097H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJarjayes, Olivier. „Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères conducteurs électroniques incluant des particules d'oxyde magnétique de taille nanométrique“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBel, Hadj Imen. „Caractérisation de la taille des particules et de leur vitesse de chute en décantation primaire“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24329.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe primary clarifier is an important element of primary treatment of wastewater. It is based on the principle of gravity settling to remove suspended solids. The evaluation of the performance of primary clarifiers has been the subject of many theoretical and experimental studies. Primary clarifier performance depends on both the physical properties of the clarifier (hydraulic retention time, etc.), and characteristics of the suspended particles (size, density and settling velocity). Determining the velocity of particles is a key element to improve the performance of primary clarifiers. Indeed, the physical characterization of TSS by experimental study remains necessary and is the subject of this thesis. Two main aspects were considered: the applicability of the ViCAs protocol for the determination of the distribution of the particle settling velocity at the influent and effluent of the primary clarifier and the possibility to develop a protocol for measuring the size distribution of these particles. The results were used to determine the median settling rate of wastewater particles V50. In dry weather, V50 does not vary from one station to another. It fluctuated between 0.75 and 0.9 m /h. On the other side, V50 is proportional to the TSS concentration of the wastewater, which reflects the conditions in the sewer, ranging from 0.65 to 4.5 m / h. To determine the size distribution of the particles in the wastewater at the inlet and at the outlet of the primary clarifier, the FBRM technique (Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement) was used. The work was carried out in two steps: the first step was devoted to develop a protocol for measuring the particle size distribution. This protocol should be appropriate to both the technique used and the nature of the sample. The representativeness of the particle size depends on the cycle time and the repeatability of measurement depends on the mixing rate of the sample and the scanning speed of the laser beam. Also, the concentration of the sample influences the results and the performance of the FBRM technique. So, the protocol must take in account all these parameters when selecting the suitable measurement conditions. The second step consisted in applying the two protocols to the same samples, the settling velocity of particles with ViCAs and the particle size distribution with FBRM. The particle size distribution varies greatly from one wastewater treatment plant to another. It also depends on weather conditions such as rain. For effluent, the distribution of size of the particles varies depending on the hydraulic load of the primary clarifier. The results confirm the interest of using FBRM and ViCAs tests to interpret particle settling velocity distributions from one site to another. The results show the existence of a relationship between the settling velocity and particle size.
TONEGUZZO, PHILIPPE. „Preparation de particules ferromagnetiques de taille controlee dans le domaine submicronique. Influence de la taille et de la composition sur leurs proprietes magnetiques dynamiques“. Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077304.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJumelet, Julien. „Etude des particules stratosphériques par couplage entre mesures Lidar et modélisation microphysique“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066449.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMondiot, Frédéric. „Comportement de particules colloïdales dans des solvants nématiques : influence de la forme et de la taille“. Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657747.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMuller, Stéphane. „Approximations de l'optique physique en diffusion de lumière : application a des particules ellipsoïdales de grande taille“. Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTazibt, Abou-el-Foutouh. „Étude théorique et expérimentale du processus d'accélération de particules abrasives dans un jet d'eau sous très haute pression : interaction avec le matériau à découper“. Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLongaretti, Pierre-Yves. „Dynamique des anneaux de Saturne : ondes de densité et distribution en taille des particules dans les anneaux“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumont, Geneviève. „Étude de la composition des particules des lipoprotéines de faible densité et des déterminants de leur taille“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25376/25376.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLongaretti, Pierre-Yves. „Dynamique des anneaux de Saturne ondes de densité et distributions en taille des particules dans les anneaux /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607426v.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDa, Silva Bruno. „Contribution au contrôle de la distribution de la taille des particules lors d'un procédé de polymérisation en émulsion“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347760.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouchard-Mercier, Annie. „L'effet de l'alimentation et de polymorphismes des gènes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors sur la taille des particules LDL“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28333/28333.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDa, Silva Bruno Othman Sami Sheibat-Othman Nida Dufour Pascal. „Contribution au contrôle de la distribution de la taille des particules lors d'un procédé de polymérisation en émulsion“. Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard de Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/40/61/62/PDF/PhDThesis-da-silva-lagep-lyon-2008-12-05-memoire-final-FR.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKarouia, Fouad. „Traitement thermique de boehmite de taille et forme de particules contrôlées : vers l'optimisation des propriétés de l'alumine gamma“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2673/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransition aluminas, and especially gamma-alumina, are widely used as catalyst supports. Their synthesis requires a thermal activation step. This transformation is a key industrial process since it will determine the structural, textural and surface properties of these materials. Thus the development of innovative catalyst supports implies that this thermal activation process should be understood and mastered. The goal of this study was to understand and control the physicochemical processes involved during the thermal activation of boehmite. First, we studied the impact of boehmite crystallite morphology on the dehydration temperature. We showed that the dehydration temperature was strongly dependent on the size and shape of the boehmite crystallites. A thermodynamic model, taking into account the surface energy contribution, allowed to fully accounting for these experimental findings. For instance, the transformation temperature increases from 260 to 360°C when diamond shaped (50/50 basal/lateral) crystallite grew up from 3 to 10 nm. Furthermore we studied the effect of steam on the kinetics of the transformation. The reaction order with respect to water was negative which was expected because steam is a product of the reaction, and it changed with the extent of reaction. Finally we applied these results to the optimization of the thermal activation step for hydrotreating catalyst supports, which enabled to lower the activation temperature from 540 to 450°C. These results were validated by catalytic tests showing that only catalysts supported on boehmite heated at 450°C had similar activities as the reference catalyst evincing the thermal activation control benefit
Bijeon, Jean-Louis. „Etude théorique et expérimentale de l'effet Raman augmenté sur des substrats constitués de particules métalliques de taille submicronique“. Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlaisot, Jean-Bernard. „Développement d'une méthode de mesure simultanée de la taille et de la position de particules dans un écoulement turbulent“. Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBemer, Denis. „Exploitation des propriétés physiques d'un aérosol pour la mesure de la taille des particules et de leur concentration : applications“. Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCasset, Anne. „Etude de l'influence de facteurs physiques (taille des particules) et chimiques (formaldéhyde) sur la réponse bronchique aux allergènes d'acariens“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR14966.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince Tiffeneau's work in the forties, only few researchers had been interested in particle sizes and their importance on bronchial response. Aerodynamic characteristics of particles carrying the allergens could explain differences between doses inducing symptoms at home or during bronchial challenge test (BCT). However several other factors such as concomitant exposure to chemical or biological pollutants could also be involved. We studied the influence of sizes of the particles carrying the allergen Der p 1 on bronchial response of asthmatic subjects during BCTs. We used aerosols of particles with a mean aerodynamic diameter of 1. 1, 5. 6 and 9. 7µm. Our results showed that immediate symptoms appeared with an 8-9 fold lower dose of allergen carried on the large particles (9. 7µm), primarily deposited on proximal airways, than on the small ones (1. 1µm) with peripheral deposition. Secondarily we observed the aggravating effect of a 30min inhalation of formaldehyde at a concentration close to 100µg m-3 (safe levels as per WHO guidelines) on the immediate and late bronchial response to mite allergen in asthmatics sensitised to mite. Our study thus indicates that the immediate bronchial response originates in the proximal airways and indicates a need to reconsider the choice of particle sizes used during allergen BCT and in inhaled medications. Our results obtained with formaldehyde exposure before the allergen BCT indicate that formaldehyde levels encountered in some households might enhance the response to allergens. This chemical pollutant could contribute, as other non allergenic factors (such as endotoxins or the biological effects of allergens) to the development of the inflammatory bronchial response. Therefore, emissions of formaldehyde should be limited in order to improve indoor air quality
Leclerc, Myriam. „Étude comparative des déterminants métaboliques de la taille et du nombre de particules LDL chez l’homme et la femme“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26689.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the leading mortality causes in the world. Reduction of the concentration of cholesterol in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) is currently the privileged CVD prevention method. However, others markers such as apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and LDL size might be more accurate in CVD risk prediction because they reflect additional features of cardiometabolic risk that are not provided by the traditional LDL-C measures in clinic. It is therefore of great interest to better understand the metabolic factors responsible for increased LDL particle number and decreased LDL particle size, in the optics of establishing an efficient prevention strategy. This thesis presents the results of an observational study, which has the objective of comparing the metabolic origins of high levels of apo-B100 and of small LDL particle size. Results suggest that both features are the result of distinct metabolic pathways.
Dzene, Liva. „Influence de la taille des particules et de la cristallochimie sur les propriétés d'échange cationique des minéraux argileux gonflants“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe swelling clay minerals are ubiquitous in all areas of the surface of the Earth, particularly in soils. The lamellar structure of these minerals and their small size are at the origin of their high reactivity in particular with respect to pollutants and nutrients that are present in soil pore water. In this context, our work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between swelling clay minerals and cations of nutritive (calcium) and/or environmental interest (cesium, strontium). In soils, swelling clay minerals have broad size distribution and can have a varied crystal chemistry. Therefore, to better understand the role of each of these parameters on the reactivity of the natural particles, we worked with "model systems", which are yet representative of the swelling clay particles encountered in soil environment. Different particle size fractions of vermiculite and different synthetic saponites characterised by well-controlled layer charge were used as "model systems". Results concerning ion-exchange isotherms for Cs and Sr, in competition with major cations of natural waters (Na, Ca), were obtained by combining chemical analyses and 00ℓ reflection modelling of X-ray diffractograms in order to assess the cation distribution between the different adsorption sites (interlayer vs external) located on swelling clay minerals. Such approach and the use of ‘model systems’ have allowed us to obtain quantitative parameters describing the reactivity of soil swelling clay mineral particles, and should be considered in reactive transport codes devoted to predict the migration of nutritive and polluted cations in soil environments
Trescos, Eric. „Contribution à l'étude des effets de taille quantique de particules d'alcalins dans des cavités de zéolithes : études RPE et RMN“. Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAhfir, Nasre-dine. „Étude des mécanismes de transport et la cinétique de dépôt des particules en suspension dans un milieu poreux saturé“. Le Havre, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEHA0017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work is devoted to the experimental study of the transport and deposition of suspended particles in saturated porous media. Suspended particles are involved in various problems related to the hydraulics works, the exploitation of the natural resources such as water supply and oil production. Owing to their fast transport in subsurface water, suspended particles serve as carrier for contaminants or clog the porous medium by their deposition. Two types of suspended particles were used in this study: natural particles (silt) and artificial particles characterised by a density closer to that of water (polyamide). Mixtures of suspended particles/dissolved conservative tracer (fluorescein) pulse injections were performed in laboratory columns in-filled with gravel or glass beads. The breakthrough curves were well described by the analytical solution of the advection–dispersion equation with a first-order deposition rate and then the hydro-dispersive parameters were deduced. The flow rate, the internal structure and the length of the porous media (scale effect), the size and the density of the suspended particles are among the studied factors. The size exclusion effect was highlighted. The longitudinal dispersion increases with the mean pore velocity and is described with a nonlinear relationship. Also, dispersivity increases with the column length. The recovery rate of the suspended particles is higher in the glass beads medium, even if its porosity is lower than that of gravel medium; and depends on the flow rate, the suspended particles size and density. The deposition rate showed an unexpected behaviour; it increases with the flow rate until a critical velocity then decreases. This critical velocity changes with the porous media length and the suspended particles density. Geometrical and hydrodynamic effects influence the transport and the deposition behaviour of the suspended particles
ZUQUETE, DUTSCHMANN DE JESUS DA SILVA PEDRO. „Influence de la taille des particules de mos 2 supportees sur alumine sur l'activite et la selectivite des reactions de l'hydrotraitement“. Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066649.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Thierry. „Elaboration et caractérisation de particules de magnétite de taille et de morphologie contrôlées : application à la catalyse de déshydrogénation de l'éthylbenzène“. Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10596.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBalcon, Stéphane. „Préparation, caractérisation et activité en décomposition de l'hydrazine de catalyseurs supportés Ir/Al2 O3: contrôle de la taille des particules métalliques“. Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2338.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQureshi, Muhammad Nauman. „Etude Expérimentale de la Dynamique de Particules Inertielles dans une Turbulence de Grille en Soufflerie : Effets de Densité et de Taille Finie“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391843.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmiel, Olivier. „Mécanismes de formation par voie aérosol de particules sphériques de taille contrôlée : application à la préparation d'oxydes, caractérisation et comportement au frittage“. Bordeaux 1, 1992. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01229453.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChemical reactions between an aerosol and a vapor used to prepare particle size and morphology controlled. Particles of tantalum oxide Ta2O5 spherical, hollow, non-agglomerated and typically in the range 0. 5-2 microns in size (standard deviation σ g = 1. 5) have been developed
Amirpour, Harehdasht Samaneh. „Influence de la taille et de la gradation des particules sur la résistance au cisaillement et le comportement dilatant des matériaux granulaires“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9797.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract : The present study examines more closely the potential impact of particle size and gradation on the most famous existing theoretical and empirical correlations between the shear strength and the dilation behavior of granular materials in plane strain and drained triaxial compression conditions. For this purpose, 276 symmetrical direct shear and 35 drained triaxial compression tests have been carried out on samples made up of basalt beads (rounded particles), and sands consisting of angular particles (Péribonka sand and Eastmain sand) in the range of 63 µm to 2000 µm to evaluate their shear resistance and dilation behavior over a wide range of normal pressures and initial relative densities. First, the reliability and applicability of boundary measurements in physical symmetrical direct shear tests to interpret the plane strain frictional shearing resistance of granular material have been discussed and confirmed using DEM computer code SiGran. Particular emphasis is placed on the validation of the DEM model by comparing the results of DEM simulations with their physical counterparts at the macro-scale. The virtual DSA results are discussed in terms of the coaxiality between the principal stresses and the principal strains increments directions as well as the deviation of the zero extension direction from the horizontal direction. The numerical results also provide quantitative data on different forms of energy consumed during shearing confirming other published physical and numerical results found in the literature. Following the assumptions above, a close scrutiny of symmetrical direct shear test results and strength and dilation data from the literature have been done to evaluate the reliability of well-known empirical Bolton’s and Collins et al.’s formulations with their commonly used constants in plane strain condition. The study shows that an application of empirical shear strength-dilation relationships with the constants proposed by Bolton (1986) and Collins et al. (1992) to sands with different particle-size distribution may strongly over-predict their shear strength values. In this study, the coefficients of Bolton’s and Collins et al.’s equations have been, therefore, adjusted to account for particle characteristics, in particular for D50. Similarly, the microstructural effects imposed by internal particle geometry (e.g. particle-size, particle shape, and particle gradation) on most popular stress-dilatancy relationship of Rowe (1962), and its empirical adjustment in drained triaxial condition have been investigated in this study. A comparison of the predictions by the proposed formulas with shear strength data from the literature provides evidences in support of the implemented constraints into existing shear strength-dilation relations in plane strain and drained triaxial conditions. These comparisons also proves that accounting for the grain size yields more authentic results than when particle size is not considered. The adjusted strength-dilation formulas may be beneficial for independently assessing the consistency of the experimentally-determined shear strengths, and introducing more refined flow rules into analytical and numerical geotechnical analyses.
Gu, Bang. „Design of metal catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation with high activity, selectivity and stability“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is one of the most practicable routes to convert non-petroleum carbon resources, such as coal, biomass, natural gas and shale gas, via syngas into valuable fuels and chemicals. This reaction follows surface polymerization mechanism and the primary products follows the Ander-Schulz-Flory (ASF) distribution. It’s a big challenge to improve the target products selectivity. Apart from the selectivity, catalyst deactivation also restricts the wide application in FT synthesis. The effect of the promotion with bismuth and lead on direct synthesis of light olefins from syngas over carbon nanotube supported iron catalysts was investigated in Chapter 3. Compared to the un-promoted iron catalysts, a twice higher Fischer-Tropsch reaction rate and higher selectivity to light olefins were obtained. This promotion effect is more significant under atmospheric pressure with 2-4 times higher activity while the selectivity of light olefins reaches as high as ~60 %. Remarkable migration of promoters during the catalyst activation and decoration of the iron carbide nanoparticles were uncovered by characterization. Moreover, in Chapter 4 we uncovered using a wide range of ex-situ and in-situ techniques several major synergetic effects arising from the iron nanoconfinement and promotion with bismuth and lead on catalytic performance of FT synthesis resulting in light olefins. Iron nanoconfinement inside carbon nanotubes combined with the promotion with Bi or Pb result in a 10-fold higher yield of light olefins. Nanoconfinement in carbon nanotubes mostly leads to better iron dispersion and stability, while intrinsic activity is only slightly affected. Promotion with Bi and Pb results in a major increase in the site intrinsic activity (TOF) in both confined and non-confined catalysts. Over the optimized promoted and confined catalysts, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis occurs under atmospheric pressure with high conversion and enhanced selectivity to light olefins with lower degree of sintering.Apart from the confinement effect, we also study the particle size effect in the confined system for syngas conversion to light olefins over both promoted and unpromoted iron catalysts in Chapter 5. The TOF increases with increasing in the iron nanoparticles sizes from 2.5 to 12 nm over the carbon nanotubes containing encapsulated monometallic or Bi- or Pb-promoted iron nanoparticles. The iron particles size of unpromoted catalysts encapsulated in carbon nanotubes does not show any noticeable effect on the light olefin selectivity, while in the Bi- and Pb-promoted catalysts, the light olefin selectivity was higher over smaller encapsulated iron nanoparticles and decreased with the increase in the nanoparticle size.In Chapter 6, we introduced a new approach for the synthesis of linear α-olefins during low temperature FT synthesis over the Co based catalysts. We found that the co-feeding carboxylic acids leads to a shift of selectivity from paraffins to α-olefins which has been assigned to stabilization of olefins by intermediate formation of esters. The α-olefins selectivity is as high as 39 % in the presence of acids.In the end, we propose a new strategy, which substantially improves the stability of Co and Ni catalysts for CO hydrogenation via their promotion with bismuth. The promoted catalysts demonstrated exceptionally stable performance. The conducted experiments uncovered continuous catalyst self-regeneration during the reaction via oxidation of deposed carbon by oxygen scavenged after CO dissociation at the interface of metal nanoparticles and bismuth promoter. Formation of the bismuth-protecting layer over metal nanoparticles protects them against sintering
Rochefort, Alain. „Interaction de l'hydrogene avec le platine supporte : effets de la taille des particules, de la resence d'additifs et de la nature du support“. Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066311.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhang, Cheng. „Développement d'une méthode microfluidique pour la préparation de microparticules mimes de globules rouges avec une taille et des propriétés mécaniques contrôlables“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on a droplet-based microfluidic method without the addition of surfactants to prepare RBC-like microparticles. The microparticles are obtained by ionic gelation of a natural polymer, sodium alginate (Na-alginate), with calcium chloride to form a gel of calcium alginate (Ca-alginate). Gelation is studied in situ in the microfluidic system or ex situ after the collection of Na-alginate microparticles. The size, the structure and the alginate concentration of the final microparticles are studied according to the operating parameters of the microfluidic system. The microfluidic method developed throughout this thesis allows to control the size and mechanical properties of Ca-alginate microparticles while avoiding their coalescence, despite the absence of surfactants. Thus, monodispersed Ca-alginate microparticles with a Young’s modulus close to that of RBCs are obtained and the feasibility of their use for ultrasonic measurements is also shown. In addition, alternative methods explored in parallel are presented at the end of the thesis
Es-Satte, Mohamed. „Etude et realisation de systeme optique de mesure simultanee de la vitesse et de la taille de particules. Application a la caracterisation d'ecoulements diphasiques“. Toulon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUL0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePAGES, THIERRY. „Application de la chimie colloidale en phase aqueuse a la preparation des catalyseurs metalliques supportees : controle de la taille et de l'agregation des particules“. Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066584.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBai, Xiaofei. „Effet de taille et du dopage sur la structure, les transitions et les propriétés optiques de particules du multiferroïque BiFeO₃ pour des applications photocatalytiques“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis experimental PhD work has been dedicated to the synthesis, by wet chemistry methods, and characterization of nanoparticles based on multiferroic BiFeO3, with the aim of using them for photocatalytic applications. This material presents a bandgap of 2.6eV, which allows the charge carrier photoexcitation in the visible range, making BiFeO3 a very interesting system for photoinduced processes. This thesis has been particularly focused on characterizing the properties of BiFeO3 nanoparticles in view of understanding the relationship of their properties on their potential use for photocatalytic applications. First of all, the topic of the size effect on the structural properties, phase transitions, and physics and chemistry of the particles has been developed, keeping as first aim to separate the properties related to the surface from those arising from the bulk/core of the particle. To do so, the mastering and optimization of the synthesis processes of BiFeO3 particles at the nano and microscale were needed, to finally obtain different size compounds with high crystalline quality. Despite the size reduction of the particles, we notice that, thanks to the control of the synthesis process, our BiFeO3 nanoparticles present properties very close to those of the bulk BiFeO3 material, keeping the rhombohedral structure R3c with weak strain effects. In order to indirectly tune the optical properties exploiting the doping, we have succeeded in realizing a homogenous La3+ doping, and a partial Ca2+ doping, on the Bi3+ site. The optical properties of the nanoparticles and their use on the first photocatalytic experiments for degrading rhodamine B dye have shown the complexity of the physics and chemistry phenomena at their surface and of the light-particle processes. After analyzing optical absorbance data as a function of the particle size, we observe that the deduced bandgap for different particles is not the main parameter directing the photocatalytic performances. Other factors have been identified to be at the origin of the localization of the photoexcited charges, as the surface states linked to the skin layer of the nanoparticles, depicting structural defects, a reduction of the oxidation state of Fe3+ towards Fe2+ and the stabilization of other adsorbates, such as FeOOH; all these parameters may contribute to the change on the photocatalytic performances. The photocatalytic results are very encouraging, motivating to continue the study of BiFeO3 based nanoparticles, though depicting a 50% rhodamine B degradation after 4h of photocatalytic reaction using some of the present nanoparticles
Fournel, Thierry. „Contribution à la mesure de taille, de positions et de vitesses de particules dans des écoulements à partir d'images obtenues par tomographie et par microholographie“. Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET4002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoyer, Pascal. „Etude théorique de l'excitation des plasmons de surface sur des particules d'argent ellipsoïdales de taille submicroscopique : effets du substrat, mise en évidence expérimentale par spectroscopie photoacoustique“. Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLapointe-Garant, Pierre-Philippe. „Développement d'une méthode PAT basée sur la technique NIR pour le suivi de l'uniformité d'un mélange particulaire pharmaceutique et l'évaluation de la taille moyenne des particules“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1493.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMauguet, Marie-Céline. „Hydrodynamique et transferts dans des colonnes garnies de particules présentant une distribution de taille : application aux procédés de dépollution par adsorption de composés organiques en lit fixe“. Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work is to characterise the hydrodynamic and the external mass transfer within granular activated carbon fixed beds to model the adsorption kinetic in dynamics. In the first part of this work, the determination of characteristic structural parameters of particles or of fixed beds formed by these particles such as the surface area of the fixed bed particles really offered by the flow, was made. The second part of this study is devoted to the evaluation of the liquid-solid mass transfer coefficient according to the fluid flow rate through the studied fixed beds. The last part of this study presents an experimental and an numerical approach of the continuous adsorption process of a standard pollutant on extruded activated carbon fixed beds. A predictive model of breakthrough curve applied to the cylindrical geometry of activated carbon particles and taking into account the external mass transfer and the surface porous diffusion inside the grain was proposed
Delhaye, David. „Détermination expérimentale des caractéristiques physiques et chimiques de particules de suie émises par des turboréacteurs d'avion“. Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00261972.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelletraînées de condensation qui peuvent évoluer en nuage de type cirrus. Par ailleurs, ces particules de taille submicrométrique, dont l'impact sur la qualité de l'air est avéré, sont également source de questionnement quant à leur(s) effet(s) sur la santé publique.
La présente étude a pour objet la détermination expérimentale des caractéristiques physiques et chimiques des particules de suie émises par des turboréacteurs d'avions commerciaux. Les prélèvements sont effectués sur un banc d'essai de la société SNECMA
(groupe SAFRAN) par un dispositif mis au point au cours de ce travail et localisé derrière des turboréacteurs CFM56-5C et CFM56-5B qui équipent respectivement des avions long-courriers et moyen-courriers.
Diverses techniques expérimentales telles que la microscopie électronique en transmission (MET), la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), la spectrométrie dispersive d'énergie de rayons X (XREDS), et la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRTF) sont mises en oeuvre pour étudier la morphologie, la structure, la distribution en taille, la composition chimique élémentaire des particules primaires de suie, et la nature des groupes fonctionnels présents à leur surface. La dimension fractale ( Df ) des agrégats de suie et leur diamètre de giration ( d g ) sont également établis.
Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que les suies émises par les deux turboréacteurs
étudiés présentent :
- des valeurs similaires de la dimension fractale des agrégats
- des distributions en taille log-normales pour les particules primaires et les agrégats
- des compositions chimiques élémentaires et des groupes fonctionnels très similaires
- des diamètres de giration des agrégats qui diffèrent
Par ailleurs, nous montrons que la phase de préparation des échantillons, préalable aux observations en MEB, a une influence importante sur la valeur déterminée de la moyenne géométrique de la distribution en taille des particules primaires. Par conséquent, nous préconisons de réaliser l'étude des caractéristiques physiques des particules primaires de suie aéronautique par MET plutôt que par MEB.
Kibelolaud, Aimé Robert. „Incidence du traitement thermique et de la taille des particules sur la digestion des protéines des graines du lupin : Lupinus albus : étude in situ chez la vache laitière“. Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT025A.
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