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Pietrusewicz, Krzysztof, Michał Bonisławski und Rafał Pajdzik. „Open architecture digital servodrive for PMSM/PMLM-based machine-tool table feed-drives“. Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, Nr. 2 (01.06.2013): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0023.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of research work on the development of a rapidprototyping test stand for testing: servo control algorithms, trajectory generation, algorithms for increasing overall quality of the feed-drive modules within two axis (X-Y) table of the milling machine. Open architecture interface of the prepared control system lets the potential user test functionality of integration of diagnostic tools within the motion controller - directly, without taking into account communication with top-level CNC system.
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Kolitz, Sarah, Jason Kim, Jenny Zhang, Yoonjeong Cha, Sailaja Battula, Rebecca Kusko, Rajaraman Krishnan, Benjamin Zeskind und Howard Kaufman. „477 Deep learning to drive COVID-19 rapid drug repurposing“. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0477.
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BackgroundCOVID-19 is a global public health crisis with no effective therapeutic strategies or vaccines available. The disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a novel coronavirus that enters cells through the ACE2 receptor. To rapidly identify existing drugs that might preferentially bind to the ACE2 receptor we sought to use an artificial intelligence platform to evaluate ~3,000 known drugs in the FDA approved drug library (Selleckchem).MethodsFluency is a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) deep learning-based platform that evaluates small molecule drug binding to protein targets. All drug structures from the FDA approved library were evaluated for binding to the ACE2 receptor and re-filtered for preferential ACE2 vs. ACE1 receptor binding. Top hits were evaluated for specificity by predicting binding across the human proteome and filtered by evaluating rankings from each of two models along with average ranks and combined scores from both models. The drugs were then evaluated for classification, potential availability and prioritized for in vitro validation. Selected compounds were screened using a high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 cell-based assay as described previously (Jonsson et al. J Biomol Screen 2007 12: 33. DOI: 10.1177/1087057106296688). Plates are quality-controlled in each run using Z score and CV statistics. Positive controls consisting of cells only and negative controls consisting of virus were used to normalize the data. Individual drugs are added to each plate at a single dose with at least four doses tested. For titer reduction assays, VeroE6 cells are infected with virus at MOI of 0.1 for one hour to promote adsorption. After two days, the supernatant is harvested and the amount of virus in each well is measured using TCID50 or plaque assay.ResultsWe identified 25 top drugs that were predicted to bind to ACE2 receptors and could theoretically block SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Of these drugs, we prioritized 12 drugs for validation covering multiple pharmacologic classes and after assessing drug availability (table 1). They included an ALK/EGFR inhibitor, JAK inhibitor, two electrolyte channel inhibitors, \an antibiotic, and several anti-viral drugs, ACE inhibitors and anticoagulants. Validation studies are in progress and viral inhibition and titer reduction data will be presented.ConclusionsOur data show that machine learning platforms can be used to rapidly identify existing drugs that may have activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. This hybrid computational and experimental approach enables rapid discovery of drugs for clinical testing against COVID-19 and other emerging human diseases.AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Dr. Colleen Jonsson and Dr. Jeremy Smith at Oak Ridge National Laboratories and the University of Tennessee Regional Biocontainment Laboratory for assistance with in vitro validation studies.Trial RegistrationN/AEthics ApprovalN/AConsentN.A
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Nowrot, Andrzej, und Barbara Solecka. „Application of Arduino Module to Research in Surface Physics“. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 1, Nr. 1 (01.09.2018): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2018-0037.
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Abstract During the semiconductor or graphene wafers surface were investigated, the Arduino module was applied to control the impact point of the laser beam. While the pulse signal of laser beam impacts to surface selected material and the material is exposed to enough strong magnetic field, the photomagnetoelectric effect takes place. This causes the electrical signal in the measurement coil, which is connected to amplifiers. The paper presents application of Arduino UNO module to control the position in two dimensions (in the XY plane) of investigated silicon or graphene wafers while the photomagnetoelectric effect is measuring. The Arduino drive (through the integrated circuit with power transistors) the steps and shift of a dedicated table with a sample situated at the top of the table. Constructed equipment, based on Arduino board, allows for one step size of 1.25 μm in X-axis and Y-axis, and in effect, the each square millimeter contains 640000 measurement points. We are able also to modify the Arduino program for motors controller any moment. Moreover, it is also possible to apply the obtain method to investigate another semiconductor materials. The commercially available similar devices don’t have all need functions and they are incomparably more expensive.
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Hammo, Falah. „A comparative study of some (kinematics) variables between the loope drive of top spin style by forehand and backhand of the racket in the table tennis“. Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences 21, Nr. 67 (06.09.2019): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rajsport.2019.162987.
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Li, Nanxi, Chong Pei Ho, I.-Ting Wang, Prakash Pitchappa, Yuan Hsing Fu, Yao Zhu und Lennon Yao Ting Lee. „Spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems: moving toward compact nanophotonics-based sensing“. Nanophotonics 10, Nr. 5 (12.02.2021): 1437–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0625.
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AbstractWith the emerging trend of big data and internet-of-things, sensors with compact size, low cost and robust performance are highly desirable. Spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems enable measurement of spectral and 3D information of the ambient environment. These systems have been widely applied in different areas including environmental monitoring, autonomous driving, biomedical imaging, biometric identification, archaeology and art conservation. In this review, modern applications of state-of-the-art spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems in the past decade have been summarized and presented. Furthermore, the progress in the development of compact spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing systems has also been reviewed. These systems are based on the nanophotonics technology. The most updated research works on subwavelength scale nanostructure-based functional devices for spectral imaging and optical frequency comb-based LIDAR sensing works have been reviewed. These compact systems will drive the translation of spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing from table-top toward portable solutions for consumer electronics applications. In addition, the future perspectives on nanophotonics-based spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing are also presented.
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Lehmann, Alexandre, Manuel Vidal und Heinrich H. Bülthoff. „A High-End Virtual Reality Setup for the Study of Mental Rotations“. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 17, Nr. 4 (01.08.2008): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.17.4.365.
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Mental rotation is the capacity to predict the orientation of an object or the layout of a scene after a change in viewpoint. Previous studies have shown that the cognitive cost of mental rotations is reduced when the viewpoint change results from the observer's motion rather than the object or spatial layout's rotation. The classical interpretation for these findings involves the use of automatic updating mechanisms triggered during self-motion. Nevertheless, little is known about how this process is triggered and particularly how sensory cues combine in order to facilitate mental rotations. The previously existing setups, either real or virtual, did not allow disentangling the different sensory contributions, which motivated the development of a new high-end virtual reality platform overcoming these technical limitations. In the present paper we will start by a didactic review of the literature on mental rotations and expose the current technical limitations. Then we will fully describe the experimental platform that was developed at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen. The setup consisted of a cabin mounted on the top of a six degree-of-freedom Stewart platform inside of which was an adjustable seat, a physical table with a screen embedded, and a large projection screen. A 5-PC cluster running Virtools was used to drive the platform and render the two passive stereovision scenes that were displayed on the table and background screens. Finally, we will present the experiment using this setup that allowed replicating the classical advantage found for a moving observer, which validates our setup. We will conclude by discussing the experimental validation and the advantages of such a setup.
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Barysauskas, Constance, Gina Hudgins, Katie Kupferberg Gill, Kristen Camuso, Janet Bagley, Sheila Rozanski und Sarah Kadish. „Measuring chemotherapy appointment duration and variation utilizing real-time location systems (RTLS).“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, Nr. 30_suppl (20.10.2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.154.
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154 Background: Clinical schedules drive resource utilization, cost, and patient wait time. Accurate appointment durations ensure appropriate staffing ratios to the daily caseload and maximizes scarce resources. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) adjusts infusion appointment durations for each chemotherapy regimen using a consensus method of experts including pharmacists, nurses, and administrators. Utilizing RTLS, we examined the accuracy of appointment duration compared to suggested duration. Methods: Appointment duration was calculated using RTLS in three disease centers at DFCI between August 1st and September 30th, 2013. Duration was defined as the amount of time a patient occupied an infusion chair. The top 10 administered infusion regimens were statistically investigated (n=805). Results: All median observed appointment durations were statistically different than the suggested durations. Appointment duration was shorter than scheduled 98% [C], 95% [I], and 75% [F] of the time and longer than scheduled 77% [A] and 76% [G] of the time. Almost all C and I appointments were more than 30 minutes shorter than scheduled. Among A appointments longer than scheduled, 56% were more than 30 minutes longer than scheduled. Conclusions: RTLS provides reliable and unbiased data to improve schedule accuracy. Replacing consensus with system-based data may improve clinic flow, relieve staff stress, and increase patient satisfaction. Further investigations should elucidate factors that cause variation in appointment duration. [Table: see text]
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BLEICHER, Friedrich, Christoph REICHL, Felix LINHARDT, Peter WIMBERGER, Christoph HABERSOHN und Stephan KRALL. „INVESTIGATION OF NOISE TRANSMISSION OF A MACHINE TOOL ENCLOSURE“. Journal of Machine Engineering 19, Nr. 3 (15.09.2019): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4076.
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Machine tools are highly integrated mechatronic systems consisting of dedicated mechanic design and integrated electrical equipment - in particular drive systems and the CNC-control - to realize the complex relative motion of tool towards work piece. Beside the process related capabilities, like static and dynamic stiffness as well as accuracy behavior and deviation resistance against thermal influence, safety aspects are of major interest. The machine tool enclosure must fulfill multiple requirements like retention capabilities against the moving parts of broken tools, lose work pieces or clamping components. In regular use, the noise emission have to be inhibited at the greatest possible extent by the machine tool enclosure. Nevertheless, the loading door and the moving parts of the workspace envelope are interfaces where noise transmission is harder to be avoided and therefore local noise emissions increase. The aim of the objective investigation is to analyse the noise emission of machine tools to determine the local noise transmission of a machine tool enclosure by using arrays of microphones. By the use of this measuring method, outer surfaces at the front, the side and on the top of the enclosure have been scanned. The local transient acoustic pressures have been recorded using a standard noise source placed on the machine table. In addition, an exemplary manufacturing process has been performed to analyse the frequency dependent location resolved sound emissions.
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Ho, Lee Lee, Puong Ling Law und Soh Fong Lim. „Implementing Environmental Management Systems (EMS) In Sarawak: Adoption Factors“. International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 2, Nr. 1 (30.06.2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v2i1.88.
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In most organizations, Environmental Management Systems (EMS) adoption is based on voluntary basis; in which the adoption depends on the organization’s aspirations for better environmental performance. Organizations are attracted by very practical benefits through implementation of EMS in their organizations. The primary purpose of an EMS implementation is to improve environmental performance continually in an organization. This research investigates the factors that drive the adoption of EMS by organizations in Sarawak. Empirical findings of a survey on the above in Sarawak organizations are presented. About 112 survey questionnaires invitations were forwarded to various organizations in Sarawak and a total of 47 responses (about 42.0%) were received, Walford (1995) in his assertion said that sampling techniques require 10 percent or more of observations or sampling fractions so that they are to be considered as a representative of the total population. From this research, organizations which have implemented an EMS are mostly from larger organizations in Sarawak which have been established for more than 15 years with over 251 employees and more than one operating location. The results showed that ISO 14001 is the most common EMS frameworks adopted by organizations in Sarawak; followed by Round-table on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Among the EMS adoption factors in Sarawak, EMS implementation motivation and the role of top management are the most critical factors in EMS adoption in Sarawak. Besides, management support is also another essential factor for EMS adoption among Sarawak organizations; followed by current market orientation factor..
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Passias, Peter G., Haddy Alas, Shay Bess, Breton G. Line, Virginie Lafage, Renaud Lafage, Christopher P. Ames et al. „Patient-related and radiographic predictors of inferior health-related quality-of-life measures in adult patients with nonoperative spinal deformity“. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 34, Nr. 6 (Juni 2021): 907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.9.spine20519.
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OBJECTIVE Patients with nonoperative (N-Op) adult spinal deformity (ASD) have inferior long-term spinopelvic alignment and clinical outcomes. Predictors of lower quality-of-life measures in N-Op populations have yet to be sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to identify patient-related factors and radiographic parameters associated with inferior health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) scores in N-Op ASD patients. METHODS N-Op ASD patients with complete radiographic and outcome data at baseline and 2 years were included. N-Op patients and operative (Op) patients were propensity score matched for baseline disability and deformity. Patient-related factors and radiographic alignment parameters (pelvic tilt [PT], sagittal vertical axis [SVA], pelvic incidence [PI]–lumbar lordosis [LL] mismatch, mismatch between cervical lordosis and T1 segment slope [TS-CL], cervical-thoracic pelvic angle [PA], and others) at baseline and 2 years were analyzed as predictors for moderate to severe 2-year Oswestry Disability Index (ODI > 20) and failing to meet the minimal clinically importance difference (MCID) for 2-year Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Questionnaire (SRS) scores (< 0.4 increase from baseline). Conditional inference decision trees identified predictors of each HRQOL measure and established cutoffs at which factors have a global effect. Random forest analysis (RFA) generated 5000 conditional inference trees to compute a variable importance table for top predictors of inferior HRQOL. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Six hundred sixty-two patients with ASD (331 Op patients and 331 N-Op patients) with complete radiographic and HRQOL data at their 2-year follow-up were included. There were no differences in demographics, ODI, and Schwab deformity modifiers between groups at baseline (all p > 0.05). N-Op patients had higher 2-year ODI scores (27.9 vs 20.3, p < 0.001), higher rates of moderate to severe disability (29.3% vs 22.4%, p = 0.05), lower SRS total scores (3.47 vs 3.91, p < 0.001), and higher rates of failure to reach SRS MCID (35.3% vs 15.7%, p < 0.001) than Op patients at 2 years. RFA ranked the top overall predictors for moderate to severe ODI at 2 years for N-Op patients as follows: 1) frailty index > 2.8, 2) BMI > 35 kg/m2, T4PA > 28°, and 4) Charlson Comorbidity Index > 1. Top radiographic predictors were T4PA > 28° and C2–S1 SVA > 93 mm. RFA also ranked the top overall predictors for failure to reach 2-year SRS MCID for N-Op patients, as follows: 1) T12–S1 lordosis > 53°, 2) cervical SVA (cSVA) > 28 mm, 3) C2–S1 angle > 14.5°, 4) TS-CL > 12°, and 5) PT > 23°. The top radiographic predictors were T12–S1 Cobb angle, cSVA, C2–S1 angle, and TS-CL. CONCLUSIONS When controlling for baseline deformity in N-Op versus Op patients, subsequent deterioration in frailty, BMI, and radiographic progression over a 2-year follow-up were found to drive suboptimal patient-reported outcome measures in N-Op cohorts as measured by validated ODI and SRS clinical instruments.
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Saliba, Jason, Nikki Ann Evensen, Julia Meyer, Igor Dolgalev, Daniel Newman, Ashfiyah Chowdhury, Jacob Nersting, Jinhua Wang, Kjeld Schmiegelow und William L. Carroll. „Using Whole Exome Sequencing in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Germline, Diagnosis, and Relapse Trios to Discover Novel Relapse Enriched Mutations for Clonal Backtracking By Ddpcr“. Blood 128, Nr. 22 (02.12.2016): 4085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4085.4085.
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Abstract While the outcome for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved dramatically over the last four decades, the prognosis for those who relapse remains dismal, especially for those who relapse while on therapy. In fact, relapsed disease remains a leading cause of cancer related mortality in children. To date, various studies have discovered a number of somatic alterations that contribute to driving relapse and have provided profound insight into the selective forces that lead to clonal outgrowth of drug resistant populations, however these lists are not yet comprehensive. We analyzed 13 pediatric ALL patients treated according to Nordic NOPHO ALL protocols and explored a comprehensive collection of germline, diagnosis, relapse, and maintenance samples. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on all available germline, diagnosis, and relapse samples to find somatic missense mutations enriched in the relapse samples versus the diagnosis and/or germline samples. Sequencing reads were aligned to the human genome (build hg19/GRCh37) using the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA) and single-nucleotide somatic variants were generated with MuTect. ANNOVAR was used to annotate variants with functional consequences and identify if the variant was contained in dbSNP, ExAC, 1000 Genomes project, and COSMIC databases. Nine of the NOPHO patients were analyzed as trios (WES of germline, diagnosis, and relapse), three of the patients as Diagnosis-Relapse duos and one as a Germline-Relapse duo. Candidate relapse driving mutations were identified as present at high levels in the relapse sample, but were undetectable in germline or low to absent in the diagnosis sample. Missense mutations had to be enriched by ≥5% in the relapse sample versus diagnosis/germline to be included for further consideration. Relapse specific candidates were further prioritized based on tumor percentage (≥ 20%), bioinformatic tools predicting a missense change being deleterious or damaging to protein function, and literature reviews for insight into the biological pathway potentially affected.Eight of the thirteen patients contained mutations in genes previously reported to be enriched and are involved in nucleoside metabolism/synthesis, histone acetylation, transcription regulation, or cell signaling/growth through the Ras pathway. Interestingly, a majority of the patients contained novel relapse specific genes in a major clone that met the criteria for drivers (Table 1). These novel candidates are involved in a wide array of cellular processes such as cell adhesion/migration, RNA polymerase II/transcription, circadian rhythm, the unfolded protein response, RNA transport, epigenetic regulation, DNA methylation, and kinases. Knowing the exact relapse specific mutations for each patient allows use of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to track the emergence of specific candidate mutations from peripheral blood samples (range of 2-68 per patient, Table 1) collected from these patients prior to relapse. Thus far, we have successfully backtracked the emergence of the NT5C2 p.R367Q mutation (.2% Minor Allele Frequency (MAF)) just over a month before frank relapse in patient 8142, using ddPCR. Tracking these mutations offers insight into which mutations drive relapse and the speed at which the relapse clones emerge. Probes for ddPCR to detect our top candidates have been developed and are currently being applied. Ultimately, candidate mutations emerging with the major clone will undergo functional testing to understand the mechanism by which the mutation drives relapse. Through these approaches, we will be able to pinpoint what mutation(s) and combinations thereof drive relapse through clonal survival during maintenance therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Courtney, Michael W., und Amy C. Courtney. „Note: A table-top blast driven shock tube“. Review of Scientific Instruments 81, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2010): 126103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3518970.
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Fakoya, Adegbenro Omotuyi John, David Adeiza Otohinoyi und Joshua Yusuf. „Current Trends in Biomaterial Utilization for Cardiopulmonary System Regeneration“. Stem Cells International 2018 (2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3123961.
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The cardiopulmonary system is made up of the heart and the lungs, with the core function of one complementing the other. The unimpeded and optimal cycling of blood between these two systems is pivotal to the overall function of the entire human body. Although the function of the cardiopulmonary system appears uncomplicated, the tissues that make up this system are undoubtedly complex. Hence, damage to this system is undesirable as its capacity to self-regenerate is quite limited. The surge in the incidence and prevalence of cardiopulmonary diseases has reached a critical state for a top-notch response as it currently tops the mortality table. Several therapies currently being utilized can only sustain chronically ailing patients for a short period while they are awaiting a possible transplant, which is also not devoid of complications. Regenerative therapeutic techniques now appear to be a potential approach to solve this conundrum posed by these poorly self-regenerating tissues. Stem cell therapy alone appears not to be sufficient to provide the desired tissue regeneration and hence the drive for biomaterials that can support its transplantation and translation, providing not only physical support to seeded cells but also chemical and physiological cues to the cells to facilitate tissue regeneration. The cardiac and pulmonary systems, although literarily seen as just being functionally and spatially cooperative, as shown by their diverse and dissimilar adult cellular and tissue composition has been proven to share some common embryological codevelopment. However, necessitating their consideration for separate review is the immense adult architectural difference in these systems. This review also looks at details on new biological and synthetic biomaterials, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and organ decellularization for cardiopulmonary regenerative therapies.
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Finayanti, Juwita, Nur Hidayah und Adi Atmoko. „Teknik Ngudari Reribed untuk Mengarahkan Meaning of life“. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan 4, Nr. 3 (30.03.2019): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v4i3.12041.
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<div align="center"><table width="645" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="439"><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This research was aimed to explore <em>ngudari reribed</em> techniques that have been used to guide students' meaning of life. This study uses the Borg & Gall approach as a method. The technique of reribed itself is a mental counseling technique that aims to release all the problems of one's life. Through stages such as <em>kandha-takon</em>, <em>weruh-ngerti-krasa-dewe</em>, and <em>saiki-kene-ngene-gnawing</em>. If someone has been able to drive reribed, then his life will be doomed from envy and pride. In the end it will feel a happy life, and happiness itself is a factor in achieving someone's meaning of life.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi teknik <em>ngudari reribed</em> untuk mengarahkan <em>meaning of life</em> siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Borg & Gall sebagai metode. Teknik <em>ngudari reribed</em> sendiri merupakan salah satu teknik konseling <em>kawruh jiwa</em> yang tujuannya untuk melepas segala problema hidup seseorang. Melalui tahapan-tahapan seperti <em>kandha-takon,</em> <em>weruh-ngerti-krasa-dewe</em>, dan <em>saiki-kene-ngene-gelem</em>. Apabila seseorang telah mampu <em>ngudari reribed</em>, maka hidupnya akan terbebaas dari rasa iri dan sombong. Pada akhirnya akan merasakan hidup bahagia, dan bahagia itu sendiri adalah faktor tercapainya <em>meaning of life</em> seseorang.</p></td><td width="0" height="65"> </td></tr><tr><td width="0" height="99"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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MORI, YOSHITAKA, SHYUJI FUKUMOCHI, YOSHIKAZU HAMA, KIMINORI KONDO, YASUHIKO SENTOKU und YONEYOSHI KITAGAWA. „PRESENT STATUS OF TABLE-TOP SHORT-PULSE BEAT WAVE ELECTRON ACCELERATION LASER SYSTEM“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, Nr. 03n04 (10.02.2007): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207042379.
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Development status of a double-line table top beat wave electron laser acceleration system is discussed. The advantage of beat wave driven laser accelerator is described here using 1D-PIC simulation comparing with a single laser wake-field acceleration concerning an electric field excitation. As for experimental status, double line different color pulses (central wavelength with 795 nm and 805 nm, respectively) were successfully amplified to 30 mJ as a single overlapping beam with a hybrid chirped pulse amplification system, Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) and Ti -Sap multi-pass amplifier pumped by YAG lasers, and then compressed into ps time duration. Amplified double-color pulse drove beating pulse bunches of 300 fs time duration which was identified by an autocorrelation trace. In order to investigate plasma sustainment in cm order, amplified beam illuminated a 2 cm in-length glass capillary and then the laser penetration in the capillary was confirmed.
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Zhong, J. Y., Y. T. Li, X. G. Wang, J. Q. Wang, Q. L. Dong, X. Liu, X. X. Lin et al. „Table-top solar flares produced with laser driven magnetic reconnections“. EPJ Web of Conferences 59 (2013): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20135901010.
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Last, Isidore, Shlomo Ron, Andreas Heidenreich und Joshua Jortner. „Coulomb explosion of nanodroplets drives the conversion of laser energy to nuclear energy“. High Power Laser Science and Engineering 1, Nr. 2 (20.06.2013): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2013.10.
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AbstractTheoretical–computational studies of table-top laser-driven nuclear fusion of high-energy (up to 15 MeV) deuterons with ${}^{7} \mathrm{Li} $, ${}^{6} \mathrm{Li} $, and D nuclei demonstrate the attainment of high fusion yields within a source–target reaction design. This constitutes a source of Coulomb-exploding deuterium nanodroplets driven by an ultraintense femtosecond near-infrared laser and a solid hollow cylindrical target containing the second element. The source–target reaction design attains the highest table-top fusion efficiencies (up to $4\times 1{0}^{9} ~{\mathrm{J} }^{- 1} $ per laser pulse) obtained to date. The highest conversion efficiency of laser energy to nuclear energy ($1{0}^{- 2} $–$1{0}^{- 3} )$ for table-top DD fusion attained in the source–target design is comparable to that for DT fusion currently accomplished for ‘big science’ inertial fusion setups.
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Gruber, Fred, Jonathan J. Keats, Kyle McBride, Karl Runge, Diane Wuest, Tiffany Hadzi, Mary Derome et al. „Bayesian Network Models of Multiple Myeloma: Drivers of High Risk and Durable Response“. Blood 128, Nr. 22 (02.12.2016): 4406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4406.4406.
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Abstract Introduction Multiple Myeloma (MM)is characterizedby heterogeneous clinical outcomes to existing therapies, which reflects the diverse genetic and molecular properties of tumor clones among patients. This intra-clonal heterogeneity may affect distinct molecular pathways within individual patients, contributing to reduced treatment efficacy over time and eventual relapse. In this work we investigate this problem by applying Bayesian network inference to develop high-dimensional network models of MM based on the Interim Analysis 9 (IA9) CoMMpass trial dataset (NCT0145429), an effort by the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) to collect longitudinal data of newly-diagnosed patients from the United States, Canada and Europe. We demonstrate that our approach finds a number of known drug targets and identifies potentially novel ones. These targets, in our simulations, affect a number of treatment efficacy outcomes. Methods The IA9 dataset encompasses 645 patients with complete clinical and molecular data. We created an integrated table of clinical and genomic data including RNAseqmeasurements, somatic copy numbers, single nucleotide variants, and structural variants, for a combined input table of 30426 variables by 645 patients. We performed causal modeling using REFS™ Bayesian causal inference engine, constrained only by a minimal set of biological considerations but otherwise entirely de novo. The objective of modeling is to discover the causal mechanisms among variables and, in particular, with respect to the outcomes, by means of a set of Bayesian network models that are consistent with the observed disease biology. Such a model ensemble captures uncertainty in inference and highlights similarities among the models, allowing us to distinguish confident predictions from incidental ones. We investigated our model ensemble by means of systematic perturbations to model variables while observing effects upon treatment outcomes within specific patient backgrounds. Results Drivers of High Risk High riskwas definedas having disease progression before 18 months. The model uncovered a pathway involved in cell cycle regulation that leads to high risk when overexpressed. Specifically, the model identified CDK1, PKMY1, MELK, and NEK2 as the top drivers of the probability of high risk. These genes are "actionable", having drugsbeing investigatedclinically in the context of MM or in other cancers. Drivers of Durable Response Durable responsewas definedas a treatment response that lasts over a year before disease progression. The model was able to identify several novel pathways that appear to drive the probability of a durable response: a pathway of ribosomal genes (RPL6, RPL23, RPL12), a pathway of translation elongation factor EEF1A1 and associated pseudogenes, and a pathway of regulatory noncoding genes MIR1302-9, RP11-946L20.4, RP11-346D14.1, and RP11-506N2.1. Not much is known regarding the connection of these genes to MM. However, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which is central to ribosomal biogenesis, is a major drug target in MM. Conclusions In this work we have developed a causal model of MM. In-silico perturbations of the model uncovered known and novel causal mechanisms for relevant endpoints, including a pathway involved in cell cycle that leads to high risk when dysregulated; a pathway involving ribosomal proteins and translation elongation factors that drives durable response; and several novel noncoding regulatory genes that are relevant to various measures of response. Beyond generating novel targets of immediate biological interest, our work demonstrates the promise of large-scale de novo network inference to this and similar problems in the future. Disclosures Gruber: GNS Healthcare: Employment. McBride:Instat: Employment. Runge:GNS Healthcare: Employment. Wuest:GNS Healthcare: Employment. Hadzi:GNS Healthcare: Employment. Lonial:BMS: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Millenium: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy. Khalil:GNS Healthcare: Employment. Hayete:GNS Healthcare: Employment.
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Lee, Yoonjin, Christian D. Kummerow und Milija Zupanski. „A simplified method for the detection of convection using high-resolution imagery from GOES-16“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, Nr. 5 (25.05.2021): 3755–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3755-2021.
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Abstract. The ability to detect convective regions and to add latent heating to drive convection is one of the most important additions to short-term forecast models such as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model. Since radars are most directly related to precipitation and are available in high temporal resolution, their data are often used for both detecting convection and estimating latent heating. However, radar data are limited to land areas, largely in developed nations, and early convection is not detectable from radars until drops become large enough to produce significant echoes. Visible and infrared sensors on a geostationary satellite can provide data that are more sensitive to small droplets, but they also have shortcomings: their information is almost exclusively from the cloud top. Relatively new geostationary satellites, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 and Satellite-17 (GOES-16 and GOES-17), along with Himawari-8, can make up for this lack of vertical information through the use of very high spatial and temporal resolutions, allowing better observation of bubbling features on convective cloud tops. This study develops two algorithms to detect convection at vertically growing clouds and mature convective clouds using 1 min GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) data. Two case studies are used to explain the two methods, followed by results applied to 1 month of data over the contiguous United States. Vertically growing clouds in early stages are detected using decreases in brightness temperatures over 10 min. For mature convective clouds which no longer show much of a decrease in brightness temperature, the lumpy texture from rapid development can be observed using 1 min high spatial resolution reflectance data. The detection skills of the two methods are validated against Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor System (MRMS), a ground-based radar product. With the contingency table, results applying both methods to 1-month data show a relatively low false alarm rate of 14.4 % but missed 54.7 % of convective clouds detected by the radar product. These convective clouds were missed largely due to less lumpy texture, which is mostly caused by optically thick cloud shields above.
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Bokhove, Onno, A. J. Van der Horn, Devaraj Van der Meer, Anthony R. Thornton und Wout Zweers. „ON WAVE-DRIVEN “SHINGLE” BEACH DYNAMICS IN A TABLE-TOP HELE-SHAW CELL“. Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, Nr. 34 (28.10.2014): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v34.sediment.41.
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DeVito, Nicholas, Michael Sturdivant, Luke Wachsmuth, John Strickler, Georgia Beasley, Rami Al-Rohil, April Salama und Brent Hanks. „425 Investigation of Wnt ligand signaling regulators as a predictor of Anti-PD-1 response in metastatic melanoma“. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0425.
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BackgroundResponses to anti-PD-1 antibodies (aPD1) have changed the therapeutic landscape of metastatic melanoma, however predictive biomarkers of resistance are lacking. Beta-catenin pathway activation has been inversely correlated with tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes in melanoma as well as several other solid tumors.1 However, activating mutations involving this pathway are rare, implying that the modulation of upstream Wnt ligand/Fzd receptor (Wnt/Fzd) signaling could be a critical regulator of anti-tumor immunity. Indeed, expression of certain Wnt ligands has been associated with inferior responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma patients.2 In addition, we have further found tumor-derived paracrine and autocrine Wnt ligand signaling to drive dendritic cell tolerization and to be associated with escape from aPD1 therapy in transgenic mouse models.3 4 No studies to date have focused on the impact of the various regulators and components of proximal Wnt/Fzd receptor signaling on resistance to aPD1 therapy in melanoma patients. We therefore developed a unique Wnt/Fzd pathway panel using Nanostring technology to examine alterations in Wnt ligands, their receptors, and regulators as a predictor of aPD1 resistance.MethodsTo test whether this panel could identify aPD1 resistant patients, Nanostring analysis was performed on archival FFPE tissue specimens of 12 responding (R) and 12 nonresponding (NR) metastatic melanoma patients (pts) taken prior to aPD1 monotherapy. Response was assessed radiographically by week 12 RECIST criteria.ResultsSeveral components of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt ligand signaling, including regulators of autocrine/paracrine signaling, were upregulated in aPD1 NR pts compared to R pts (figure 1, table 1). GZMB, CD8, and IFNG were among cytotoxic T cell related genes upregulated in Rs. Upregulation of SFRP2 and DKK2 in NR pts, classically negative feedback regulators of Wnt ligands, are a reflection of enhanced Wnt ligand signaling activity.Abstract 425 Table 1Most significantly upregulated Wnt ligands, receptors, and pathway components in patients that do not respond to aPD1Abstract 425 Figure 1Volcano plot of the top 30 genes from the nanostring panel comparing responders (red) and nonresponders (blue)ConclusionsThis study supports the importance of paracrine and autocrine Wnt ligand signaling in the regulation of effector T cell responses and aPD1 resistance in cancer. In addition to predicting response to aPD1 checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, these findings further suggest that this Wnt signaling panel could serve as a predictive marker of immunologic response to Wnt ligand inhibitors, such as the PORCN inhibitors, which are currently under development. We continue to accrue additional pts to further validate these findings. Future studies will include a comparison of pre-treatment and on-treatment biopsies to evaluate these markers as predictors of adaptive aPD1 resistance.AcknowledgementsHolly Dressman, PhD of the Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology for her assistance with the Nanostring samples; Jenna Goodwin, Carol Ann Wiggs, and Jennifer Nixon of the Duke Clinical Melanoma Research Team for their assistance with the melanoma tissue acquisition protocol; Tadas Rimkus of Nanostring for his assistance with analysisTrial RegistrationNCT02694965Ethics ApprovalThis study was approved by Duke University’s Institutional Review Board, protocol number Pro00059349ConsentNot applicableReferencesLuke JJ, B.R., Spranger S, Sweis RF, Lingen MW, Lengyel E, Zha Y, Gajewski TF. Wnt/Beta-catenin pathway activation correlates with immune exclusion across most human cancers. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016;34(15).Hugo W, et al. Genomic and transcriptomic features of response to anti-pd-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma. Cell 2016;165(1): p. 35–44.DeVito NC, X.C., Zhao F, Evans KS, Theivanthiran B, Lewicki J, Hoey T, Hurwitz H, Strickler JH, Hanks BA. Paracrine wnt-β-catenin signaling inhibition as a strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody (Ab) therapy in a transgenic model of melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2017. 35(no. 15_suppl).Zhao F, et al. Paracrine Wnt5a-beta-Catenin signaling triggers a metabolic program that drives dendritic cell tolerization. Immunity 2018;48(1): p. 147–160 e7.
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Beg, F. N., T. Zhang, D. Fedin, B. Beagen, E. Chua, J. Y. Lee, R. S. Rawat und P. Lee. „Study of energy transfer in table-top X-pinch driven by a water line“. Physica Scripta 76, Nr. 2 (28.06.2007): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/76/2/005.
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Tian, Yan Ling, Da Wei Zhang und Bing Yan. „Performance Investigation of a Micropositioning Table“. Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (März 2007): 1285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1285.
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In order to compensate the force induced deformation of the precision grinding, a piezoelectrically driven micropositioning table is developed to actuate the workpiece for error compensation. To better understand the performance of the micropositioning table, the deformation patterns and stiffness distribution of the micropositioning table under normal grinding force are investigated by computational finite element analysis method. It is noted that the moving part of the micropositioning table can be considered as rigid body and the maximum static stiffness is located at the center of the top surface. The experimental tests are carried out to verify the analysis.
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Schick, D., A. Bojahr, M. Herzog, C. von Korff Schmising, R. Shayduk, W. Leitenberger, P. Gaal und M. Bargheer. „Normalization schemes for ultrafast x-ray diffraction using a table-top laser-driven plasma source“. Review of Scientific Instruments 83, Nr. 2 (Februar 2012): 025104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681254.
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Girardeau-Montaut, Jean-Pierre, Bélà Kiraly, Claire Girardeau-Montaut und Hubert Leboutet. „Table-top laser-driven ultrashort electron and X-ray source: the CIBER-X source project“. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 452, Nr. 1-2 (September 2000): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00419-8.
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Stanislauskas, Tomas, Rimantas Budriūnas, Roman Antipenkov, Audrius Zaukevičius, Jonas Adamonis, Andrejus Michailovas, Linas Giniūnas, Romualdas Danielius, Algis Piskarskas und Arūnas Varanavičius. „Table top TW-class OPCPA system driven by tandem femtosecond Yb:KGW and picosecond Nd:YAG lasers“. Optics Express 22, Nr. 2 (21.01.2014): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.001865.
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Weisshaupt, Jannick, Vincent Juvé, Marcel Holtz, ShinAn Ku, Michael Woerner, Thomas Elsaesser, Skirmantas Ališauskas, Audrius Pugžlys und Andrius Baltuška. „High-brightness table-top hard X-ray source driven by sub-100-femtosecond mid-infrared pulses“. Nature Photonics 8, Nr. 12 (10.11.2014): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.256.
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Swietek, Bogumila, Maciej Skotak, Namas Chandra und Bryan J. Pfister. „Characterization of a controlled shock wave delivered by a pneumatic table-top gas driven shock tube“. Review of Scientific Instruments 90, Nr. 7 (Juli 2019): 075116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5099633.
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Bleiner, Davide, Sergiy Yulin, Julia Martynczuk, Mabel Ruiz-Lopez, Yunieski Arbelo, Jürg E. Balmer und Detlef Günther. „Actinic damage of Y/Mo multilayer optics in a table-top plasma-driven x-ray laser“. Applied Optics 53, Nr. 22 (23.07.2014): 4894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.004894.
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Combs, Patricia R., Cassie B. Ford, Maryalice Nocera, Kody R. Campbell, Stephen W. Marshall, Jason Mihalik, Johna Register-Mihalik und Kevin M. Guskiewicz. „BIOMECHANIC DATA-DRIVEN BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION TO REDUCE CONCUSSION RISK IN HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL ATHLETES“. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, Nr. 3_suppl (01.03.2019): 2325967119S0010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00105.
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Background: Each year, between 1.1 and 1.9 million sports and recreation-related concussions occur annually in US children aged =18 years. Football has a high concussion incidence relative to other youth sports. This is particularly concerning given recent evidence suggesting sport-related concussions are associated with late-life cognitive and psychological dysfunction in former athletes. Unfortunately, there are currently few proven interventions to prevent concussion in football. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a mentored intervention program designed to teach safe play techniques and thereby reduce head impact frequency and severity in high school football players. Methods: In a clustered quasi-experimental study design, the player education intervention program was provided to two out of three teams in year one, two out of four teams in year two, and all four teams in year three. Head impacts were measured using in-helmet accelerometers worn by all players. Head impact data and game video were used to identify “high risk” players on intervention teams to receive individualized mentoring. Players were identified as candidates for intervention based on three criteria: 1) greater than 20% of head impacts sustained to the top of the head, 2) greater than 7% of impacts exceeded 60 g in peak linear acceleration, and 3) player sustained a concussion. High-risk players attended 3 individual or small-group education sessions over 3 weeks with a mentor who analyzed game film to teach safer playing techniques. Intervention effects were evaluated by comparing post-intervention to pre-intervention head impact data. Coach and player satisfaction were assessed to evaluate the program’s acceptability and impact. Results: 220 athletes (143 intervention; 77 control) participated. Of these, 32 (14%) were classified “high risk” with playing techniques amenable to intervention. Overall, 21 (66%) of mentored athletes demonstrated a reduction in top-of-head impacts (considered a high-risk impact zone) and 17 (53%) of mentored athletes demonstrated a reduction in high magnitude (>60 g) hits. On average, the proportion of top-of-head impacts dropped 2.75% in mentored players, and 2.04% in non-mentored players. The proportion of head impacts classified as high-magnitude (>60 g) dropped 1.07% from pre- to post-intervention in mentored players. There was minimal (<1%) change in high magnitude impacts in non-mentored players. In post-season exit surveys, most mentored players “agreed” (n=18, 69%) that his playing behaviors improved because of the study. Most intervention team coaches thought the study was “effective” (n=31, 97%). Conclusions/Significance: Mentoring effects were modest; however, athletes and coaches viewed the program as effective. Behavioral interventions have potential to reduce head impact frequency and severity in football but may require more intensive mentoring than the 3-session model tested in this study. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text][Table: see text]
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Caruso, Raul, Francesco Addesa und Marco Di Domizio. „The Determinants of the TV Demand for Soccer: Empirical Evidence on Italian Serie A for the Period 2008-2015“. Journal of Sports Economics 20, Nr. 1 (12.07.2017): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002517717298.
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This article investigates the determinants of the TV audience for Italian soccer in seven Serie A seasons (2008-2009 to 2014-2015). Italian viewers have committed behavior and that outcome uncertainty does not have an impact on the TV audience. When choosing whether to watch a match involving teams other than their favorite team, Italian consumers are attracted by both the aggregate quantity of talent and the matches involving teams at the top of the table. An increase in the TV demand is driven by an enhancement in the performance of the top clubs and in the quality of the entertainment.
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Ahmad, Rabia, M. Shahid Rafique, M. Bilal Tahir und Huma Malik. „Implantation of various energy metallic ions on aluminium substrate using a table top laser driven ion source“. Laser and Particle Beams 32, Nr. 2 (26.02.2014): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000081.
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AbstractParticle acceleration is an important tool in material modification and several other applications. There are multiple techniques to generate and accelerate ion beams. In the current research work, ions emitted from laser induced plasma were accelerated by employing a DC high voltage extraction assembly. The Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) with 10 mJ energy and 12 ns pulse width was irradiated on Aluminum target. Thomson parabola technique using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (CR-39) was employed for measurement of ions energy generated from laser induced plasma. In response to a stepwise increase in acceleration potential from 0–10 kV, an evident increase in energy, in the range 627–730 keV, was observed. In order to utilize this facility as an ion source, Aluminum was exposed to these ions. The Optical and AFM micrographs revealed that the damage produced by the ions on Al surfaces, become more prominent with the increase in ion energy. TRIM simulations were performed for the analysis of the damage at the irradiated samples. Changes in the total displacements, target vacancies and replacement collisions, calculated by TRIM simulation, were analyzed for ion irradiations with increasing ion energies.
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Nie, Zhonghui, Ion Cristian Edmond Turcu, Yao Li, Xiaoqian Zhang, Liang He, Jian Tu, Zhiqiang Ni et al. „Spin-ARPES EUV Beamline for Ultrafast Materials Research and Development“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 3 (22.01.2019): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030370.
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A new femtosecond, Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV), Time Resolved Spin-Angle Resolved Photo-Emission Spectroscopy (TR-Spin-ARPES) beamline was developed for ultrafast materials research and development. This 50-fs laser-driven, table-top beamline is an integral part of the “Ultrafast Spintronic Materials Facility”, dedicated to engineering ultrafast materials. This facility provides a fast and in-situ analysis and development of new materials. The EUV source based on high harmonic generation process emits 2.3 × 1011 photons/second (2.3 × 108 photons/pulse) at H23 (35.7 eV) and its photon energy ranges from 10 eV to 75 eV, which enables surface sensitive studies of the electronic structure dynamics. The EUV monochromator provides the narrow bandwidth of the EUV beamline while preserving its pulse duration in an energy range of 10–100 eV. Ultrafast surface photovoltaic effect with ~650 fs rise-time was observed in p-GaAs (100) from time-resolved ARPES spectra. The data acquisition time could be reduced by over two orders of magnitude by scaling the laser driver from 1 KHz, 4W to MHz, KW average power.
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MORI, M., M. KANDO, I. DAITO, H. KOTAKI, Y. HAYASHI, K. OGURA, A. SAGISAKA et al. „20 MeV QUASI-MONOENERGETIC ELECTRON BEAM PRODUCTION BY USING JLITE-X LASER SYSTEM AT JAEA-APRC“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, Nr. 03n04 (10.02.2007): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207042185.
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We have developed a multi-terawatt Ti :Sapphire laser system to study on the laser driven particle accelerators. We have also developed a relevant instruments that contains a pointing stabilizer and single-shot selector to perform a lot of experimental studies. After development, we are studying on the electron acceleration. A quasi-monoenergetic electron beam is observed in the forward direction. The peak energy of a quasi-monoenergetic component of the electron beam is 20 MeV with a energy spread of 20% at the plasma density of 4.7 × 1019cm-3. The table-top laser driven fs quasi-monoenergetic electron beam which is applicable to variety of fields is described.
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Zheltikov, A. M., und R. D. Nevels. „Intensity and wavelength scaling of laser-driven electron transition radiation: toward a table-top source of electromagnetic pulses“. Laser Physics Letters 16, Nr. 1 (20.11.2018): 015401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/aae788.
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Takagi, Motoki, Jumpei Arata, Akihito Sano und Hideo Fujimoto. „A new desk-top encounter-type haptic device with an actively driven pen-tablet LCD panel“. Advanced Robotics 27, Nr. 6 (April 2013): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01691864.2013.756384.
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Zapolnova, E., R. Pan, T. Golz, M. Sindik, M. Nikolic, M. Temme, M. Rabasovic et al. „XUV-driven plasma switch for THz: new spatio-temporal overlap tool for XUV–THz pump–probe experiments at FELs“. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519014164.
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A simple and robust tool for spatio-temporal overlap of THz and XUV pulses in in-vacuum pump–probe experiments is presented. The technique exploits ultrafast changes of the optical properties in semiconductors (i.e. silicon) driven by ultrashort XUV pulses that are probed by THz pulses. This work demonstrates that this tool can be used for a large range of XUV fluences that are significantly lower than when probing by visible and near-infrared pulses. This tool is mainly targeted at emerging X-ray free-electron laser facilities, but can be utilized also at table-top high-harmonics sources.
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Zhang, Y., J. L. Jiao, B. Zhang, Z. M. Zhang und Y. Q. Gu. „GV/cm scale laser-magnetic resonant acceleration in vacuum“. Laser and Particle Beams 35, Nr. 3 (08.08.2017): 520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034617000507.
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AbstractResonant acceleration of electrons by a laser in the background of an extra longitudinal magnetic field is investigated analytically and numerically. The resonant condition is independent of laser intensity, and when satisfied, the energy gain is proportional to $a_0^2 $ and the square of phase difference. This process is mainly limited by the magnitude and spatial size of the extra magnetic field. Under the laboratory conditions, simulation results show that a monoenergetic and collimated electron bunch can still be obtained in ~ GV/cm scale, which sheds a light on the vacuum table-top laser-driven electron accelerators.
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HACKEL, L. A., C. B. DANE, L. E. ZAPATA und M. R. HERMANN. „PHASE CONJUGATED LASERS APPLIED TO X-RAY GENERATION“. Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 03, Nr. 02 (April 1994): 137–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199194000134.
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Three laser systems that are being developed for use in X-ray generation which incorporate SBS phase conjugate mirrors are described. A 25 J/pulse Nd:glass laser is being developed for commercial proximity print X-ray lithography; a 0.5 J/pulse, 1.3 kHz pulse repetition frequency laser is being built for soft X-ray projection lithography; and a 1 kJ/pulse laser driver for a table top X-ray laser has been designed. The results of prototypical experimental investigations are presented and the basic design principles for high average power phase conjugated laser systems shared by each of these lasers are discussed.
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Mohanty, Alok Kumar, und K. B. Yadav. „Estimation of excitation capacitance requirement of an isolated multi-phase induction generator for power generation“. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, Nr. 2 (01.06.2016): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i2.pp561-567.
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<table width="593" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="387"><p> </p><p>Self Excited induction generators are used in remote places for electrical power generation from both conventional as well as non-conventional sources. An Induction generator can operate as a capacitor excited machine provided the machine is driven beyond synchronous speed and a suitable capacitor is connected across its terminals. In this paper a technique has been proposed to estimate the values of excitation capacitances to maintain desired terminal voltages in a multi-phase induction generator. A mathematical model using nodal admittance technique of a six-phase induction generator has been analyzed. Genetic algorithm technique is applied here to obtain the unknown parameters and the capacitance requirements to obtain desired terminal voltages under various operating conditions.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
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Bayer, Armin, Frank Barkusky, Stefan Döring, Peter Großmann und Klaus Mann. „Applications of Compact Laser-Driven EUV/XUV Plasma Sources“. X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation 2010 (19.12.2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/687496.
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We present an overview on the EUV/XUV activities of the Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen based on table-top laser-produced plasma (LPP) sources. As target materials, gaseous jets of noble gases or solid Gold are employed. In order to obtain high EUV fluence, a Schwarzschild objective consisting of two spherical mirrors with Mo/Si multilayer coatings is adapted to the source. By demagnified (10x) imaging of the Au plasma, an EUV spot with a maximum energy density of ∼1.3 J/cm2 is generated (3 μm diameter, pulse duration 8.8 ns). First applications of this system reveal its potential for high-resolution modification and direct structuring of solid surfaces. Additionally, an EUV/XUV setup for structural analysis was developed. Using a gas puff target combined with a grazing incidence optics (Kirkpatrick-Baez arrangement), it offers the possibility to perform angular resolved reflectivity, diffraction, and scattering experiments. For chemical analysis of various samples, an NEXAFS setup was built, based on gaseous Krypton as a broadband emitter in the water-window range around the carbon K-edge (4.4 nm). Here, proof-of-principle for NEXAFS with lab-scaled XUV sources is given on polyimide as a reference.
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Doglioni, Angelo, und Vincenzo Simeone. „Data-Driven Modelling of Water Table Oscillations for a Porous Aquifer Occasionally Flowing under Pressure“. Geosciences 11, Nr. 7 (07.07.2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070282.
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Modelling of shallow porous aquifers in scenarios where boundary conditions change over time can be a difficult task. In particular, this is true when data modelling is pursued, i.e., models are directly constructed by measured data. In fact, data contain not only the information related to the physical phenomenon under investigation, but also the effects of time-varying boundary conditions, which work as a disturbance. This undesired component conditions the training of data-driven models, as they are fitted by models, which can produce predictions diverging from measured data. Here, a very shallow porous aquifer is modelled in terms of its response to water table to precipitation. The aquifer is characterized by the presence of a low permeability silty top layer covering the lower sandy strata, where the aquifer normally flows. Therefore, when the piezometric level increases up to the low permeability layer, the aquifer changes its behavior from phreatic to confined. This determines the changing boundary condition, which makes the response of the aquifer to rain precipitations complex, as it is related to a two-fold condition: confined or phreatic. The aquifer here is investigated by two machine learning approaches, the earlier based on an evolutionary modeling, and the latter based on artificial neural networks. Evolutionary modeling returned explicit equations with a fitness efficiency up to 0.8 for 1 month for predictions and 0.48 for simulations, while neural networks arrived at 0.85 and 0.28, respectively. The aim of this study is to get an explicit model of the response of the piezometric heights of the aquifer to the precipitations, which is useful for planning the use of groundwater resources.
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O'Keefe, Ryan M., Caitlin E. Keaveny, Alicia M. Vesey, Mackenzie R. Jordan, Grace A. Hamilton, Nicole B. Letendre, Simonai E. Santiago und Christine E. Hill-Kayser. „An analysis of characteristics and content of highly used books for the general population in the cancer space on Amazon.com.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2021): e24034-e24034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e24034.
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e24034 Background: Cancer patients and supporters frequently turn to written resources for assistance and empowerment in decision-making. Previous work has analyzed misinformation available on search and social media platforms; however, little attention has been paid to amazon.com (AMZ) despite 37% of cancer patients seeking information from books. Previous work also suggests there is a preponderance of vaccine-hesitant books on AMZ. Here, we report the first analysis of the characteristics and content of books, excluding medical textbooks, in the cancer space. Methods: On 11/25/20, the top 100 books were pulled from the “Best Sellers in Cancer” (BS) page on AMZ. Queries were also performed using keywords “cancer treatment” (CT), and “natural cancer treatment” (NCT), filtering for books. Non-sponsored results from the first 5 pages per search were pulled. 2 coders were trained to manually collect variables on genre, advice, terminology (TN) in the description, author, and publisher; disagreement was settled by a third coder. Books were excluded if they were not in English, duplicates within the same query, did not focus on human cancer, or were medical textbooks. Chi square testing was used to compare results of CT v. NCT. Analysis was performed using R software. Results: 56, 60, and 70 books were included for BS, CT, and NCT, respectively. For BS, 15 (26.8%) were memoirs, 12 (21.4%) dietary guides, 11 (19.6%) treatment guides, 6 (10.7%) self-help, and 4 (7.1%) cookbooks. 16 (28.6%) focused on one tumor subtype; breast was the most common (9, 56.3%). Many appeared to offer non data-driven advice (Table). Many BS books employed “war” TN (ex: fight, battle), “hype” TN (ex: game-changing), spiritual TN (ex: faith, God, prayer), and CAM TN (ex: supplement, herb) (Table). Many also insinuated offering a cure, or a novel therapy (Table). Compared with CT books, NCT books were more likely to offer non-data driven advice and be published independently, and less likely to have an MD/DO author (Table). Conclusions: Nonscientific advice is present in many non-medical text cancer books available on AMZ, including BS books. Patients seeking information on AMZ about NCT are likely to find books offering non-data driven advice or that insinuate a cure or new/novel information. Future work should investigate opportunities to regulate such content or to direct patients towards high-quality resources on platforms like AMZ.[Table: see text]
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Ghotra, Harjit Singh, Dino Jaroszynski, Bernhard Ersfeld, Nareshpal Singh Saini, Samuel Yoffe und Niti Kant. „Transverse electromagnetic Hermite–Gaussian mode-driven direct laser acceleration of electron under the influence of axial magnetic field“. Laser and Particle Beams 36, Nr. 1 (März 2018): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034618000083.
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AbstractHermite–Gaussian (HG) laser beam with transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode indices (m, n) of distinct values (0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), and (0, 4) has been analyzed theoretically for direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electron under the influence of an externally applied axial magnetic field. The propagation characteristics of a TEM HG beam in vacuum control the dynamics of electron during laser–electron interaction. The applied magnetic field strengthens the $\vec v \times \vec B$ force component of the fields acting on electron for the occurrence of strong betatron resonance. An axially confined enhanced acceleration is observed due to axial magnetic field. The electron energy gain is sensitive not only to mode indices of TEM HG laser beam but also to applied magnetic field. Higher energy gain in GeV range is seen with higher mode indices in the presence of applied magnetic field. The obtained results with distinct TEM modes would be helpful in the development of better table top accelerators of diverse needs.
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Panattoni, Laura Elizabeth, Catherine R. Fedorenko, Mikael Anne Greenwood-Hickman, Qin Sun, Julia Rose Walker, Karma L. Kreizenbeck, Cara L. McDermott et al. „How do clinics perform across multiple end of life metrics?“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, Nr. 31_suppl (01.11.2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.31_suppl.86.
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86 Background: National bodies have proposed a number of metrics to measure quality of care at the end of life (EOL). MACRA legislation allows clinics to select the metrics they report to CMS. The self-selection of reported metrics leaves open questions about how representative certain measures, particularly in isolation, may be of overall EOL care in community settings. We examined the consistency of clinical-level performance across three common EOL metrics. Methods: We linked cancer registry records for solid tumor cancer patients diagnosed in Washington State from 2013-2016 with claims from two regional commercial insurers. Representing national recommendations, we compiled 3 EOL quality metrics for each clinic: 1) Chemotherapy in last 14 days of life (DoL); 2) More than 1 ED visit in last 30 DoL; and 3) Admission to ICU in last 30 DoL. Consistency was measured by comparing performance in the top and bottom 3rd across metrics. We compared consistency based on unadjusted rates and risk-standardized rates calculated following CMS methods. Results: The study included 1,535 patients across 12 clinics (median 110 [IQR: 54 – 199] patients/clinic). The clinic rates are below. (See Table.) According to both unadjusted and adjusted rankings, no clinics ranked in the top 3rd across all metrics. Half of clinics (6 of 12) simultaneously ranked in the top 3rd and bottom 3rd of a metric, i.e. high/low performers. The number of high/low performers varied when examining discrete pairs of metrics. The overall pattern was mainly driven by inconsistency between performance in the chemotherapy and ED metrics. Of the other discrete pairs, ICU/Chemo and ICU/ED, clinics were more consistent in performance. Conclusions: We found that clinic performance was not consistently in the highest or lowest tertile across common EOL metrics, suggesting that requiring clinics to report a standard set of metrics may provide a more accurate indication of quality. Furthermore, different population management strategies may be required to improve care targeted by each measure. Future work should focus on the development of multi-dimensional EOL quality performance measures. [Table: see text]
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Cousin, S. L., F. Silva, S. Teichmann, M. Hemmer, B. Buades und J. Biegert. „High-flux table-top soft x-ray source driven by sub-2-cycle, CEP stable, 185-μm 1-kHz pulses for carbon K-edge spectroscopy“. Optics Letters 39, Nr. 18 (11.09.2014): 5383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.005383.
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Vinayak, Pragun, Zeina Wafa, Conan Cheung, Stephen Tu, Anurag Komanduri, Jon Overman und Doug Goodwin. „Using Smart Farecard Data to Support Transit Network Restructuring: Findings from Los Angeles“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 6 (12.05.2019): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119845661.
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Recent technological innovations have changed why, when, where, and how people travel. This, along with other changes in the economy, has resulted in declining transit ridership in many U.S. metropolitan regions, including Los Angeles. It is important that transit agencies become data savvy to better align their services with customer demand in an effort to redesign a bus network that is more relevant and reflective of customer needs. This paper outlines a new data intelligence program within the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) that will allow for data-driven decision-making in a nimble and flexible fashion. One resource available to LA Metro is their smart farecard data. The analysis of 4 months of data revealed that the top 5% of riders accounted for over 60% of daily trips. By building heuristics to identify transfers, and by tracking riders through space and time to systematically identify home and work locations, transit trip tables by time of day and purpose were extracted. The transit trip tables were juxtaposed against trip tables generated using disaggregate anonymized cell phone data to measure transit market shares and to evaluate transit competitiveness across several measures such as trip length, travel times relative to auto, trip purpose, and time of day. Relying on observed trips as opposed to simulated model results, this paper outlines the potential of using Big Data in transit planning. This research can be replicated by agencies across the U.S. as they reverse declining ridership while competing with data-savvy technology-driven competitors.
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Irie, Yuuka, Shinnosuke Hirata, Chisato Kanamori und Hisayuki Aoyama. „Impact Piezo-Driven Micro Dispenser and Precise MiniatureXYStage“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 27, Nr. 3 (20.06.2015): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2015.p0259.
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<div class=""abs_img""> <img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270003/05.jpg"" width=""340"" />Micro dispense mechanism</div> Recently, micro-droplet dispensation has been required in printed-electronics (PE) technology. Devices with micro dispensing mechanism are of key importance in achieving a higher performance with these products. In fact, it is very difficult for the conventional dispenser to squeeze highly viscous liquid with picoliter resolution. This paper describes the development of a dispensing mechanism comprising a dispensing device andXYstage, both driven by the piezo impulsive force. The dispensing device is mainly composed of a pipette and a taper needle that is driven by a piezoelectric element. When the needle passes through the pipette, a droplet of the liquid adheres to the needle-tip end. A micro droplet can be transcribed to a target surface by bringing the droplet at the needle-tip end in contact with the target surface. On the contrary, in theXYstage, the small tables on the V-shaped grooves can be driven by the impulsive force generated by the mass connected to the piezoelectric element. TheXstage is stacked on theYstage, which allows fine positioning in the plane. In the experiment, an array of a small amount of 0.2-picoliter droplets was successfully developed on the glass plate.
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Zymaková, Anna, Krishna Khakurel, Alessandra Picchiotti, Wojciech Błachucki, Jakub Szlachetko, Mateusz Rebarz, Jens Uhlig und Jakob Andreasson. „Implementation of a crossed-slit system for fast alignment of sealed polycapillary X-ray optics“. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, Nr. 6 (26.10.2020): 1730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520012217.
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A new modification of a table-top laser-driven water-jet plasma X-ray source has been successfully implemented and commissioned at the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) Beamlines user facility. In order to preserve the broadband nature of the source for spectroscopic experiments, a polycapillary lens was initially chosen as the focusing element. Generally, polycapillary X-ray optics have a narrow photon acceptance angle and small field of view, making alignment complicated and time-consuming. This contribution demonstrates a straightforward, reliable and reproducible procedure for aligning polycapillary focusing optics with broadband X-rays. The method involves a pre-alignment step where two X-ray slits are mounted orthogonally on opposite sides of a 3D-printed cylindrical polycapillary holder. This helps to precisely determine the optical axis of the X-ray beam. Subsequent mounting of the polycapillary in the pre-aligned holder with the slits removed allowed for immediate transmission of the X-ray photons through the optics and has provided a good starting point for fine alignment.
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Zhang, Hongbin, Yuan Wang, Qiaoxia Ji, Hongmei Cai, Xiangcun Liang, Jiong Xie, Hua Li et al. „Comprehensive next-generation sequencing to portray distinctive molecular characteristics of hypermutant lung cancer.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2020): e15255-e15255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15255.
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e15255 Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been confirmed to predict the sensitivity to immunotherapy across multiple tumor types. Multiple genetic factors have been confirmed to increase the level of TMB, such as mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, POLE/POLD1, and high microsatellite instability (MSI). However, the extent that these factors contribute to hypermutation in lung cancer has not been fully investigated. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the genetic profiles of 1000 lung cancer patients (pts) who underwent 1021-panel matched tumor-normal next-generation sequencing using tumor tissue samples and peripheral blood. Their TMB status were analyzed to determine the threshold of hypermutation. The clinicopathological characteristics, genetic profiles and genetic factors related to hypermutation were investigated for the pts in hypermutant cohort. Results: The threshold of hypermutation was determined as 19 muts/MB (top 5% in 1000 pts). As a result, 53 pts were included in the hypermutant cohort. A total of 1725 nonsynonymous somatic variants in 506 genes were identified. The most frequently mutated genes included TP53 (88.7%), LRP1B (71.7%), MLL2 (35.8%), EPHA5 (34.0%), and FAT1 (34.0%). KRAS was mutated in 17% pts, whereas mutations in EGFR, BRAF, ERBB2, MET were identified less commonly. MSI-high was observed in 5 cases. A germline mutation in BRCA1 gene was identified in an adenocarcinoma patient. Compared to genetic profiles of non-small cell lung cancer from TCGA database, mutations in multiple DDR genes were enriched in the hypermutant cohort (Table). No known driver mutation in POLE/POLD1 was identified. Conclusions: MSI-high and mutations in DDR genes may be associated with high level of TMB, whereas POLE/POLD1 driver mutations may not be related to hypermutant lung cancer. Hypermutant lung cancer displays distinctive molecular features that may be used as complementary indicators to screening pts sensitive to immunotherapy. [Table: see text]