Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „T-FLEX CAD“

Three-dimensional models of the body parts were developed using the basic 3D modeling operations (rotation, extrusion, threading, etc.) of the T-FLEX CAD 3D CAD system, which made it possible to significantly simplify the work with assembly 3D models representing a complex structure consisting of a large number of parts. During the trial operation, the advantages of using the T-FLEX CAD 3D CAD system have been proven when working with complex 3D models. The advantages of using the program in the machine-building cluster are shown.

The article presents the experience of using the Russian computer-aided design program T-FLEX CAD to study 3D modeling and prototyping in pre-professional engineering classes as a course of choice for students. The advantages and limitations of the educational version of T-FLEX CAD are considered, a brief overview of the tasks for which the professional T-FLEX CAD program can be used is given.A practical work for beginners is proposed, in which the creation of a manual citrus juicer is described step by step. At the end of the practical work, tasks for independent work are provided, during which students receive their own simulation result, which can be used to create a prototype of the product.The material will be useful for teachers of informatics and technology working in engineering or information and technology classes, when teaching an advanced course in informatics or a course in 3D modeling and prototyping.

В данной статье рассматриваются легкие, средние и тяжѐлые уровни CAD систем. Каждый уровень отличается функциональностью и сложностью решений поставленных задач. Представлено краткое описание и отличительные черты таких CAD-систем, как AutoCAD, КОМПАС, NanoCAD, T-FLEX CAD, SolidWorks, CATIA. Рассмотрены отличия программ по основным функциям. Выяснено, что в наше время рынок полон различных программ, и существует возможность выбрать программу, подходящую по необходимым критериям.

The article discusses the possibility of developing of a set of electronic laboratory routines based on CAD-systems. The authors show the possibility of application of T-FLEX CAD to develop a set of laboratory studies on the theory of metal forming.

Object of research. The article presents a variant of improving the design of the working body of the tunneling shield, namely, its cutting part. Research aims to confirm the performance of the proposed design using the method of solid 3D modeling in T-Flex CAD. Methodology. The working body of the tunneling shield has been improved by making changes to the design of the working surface of the rotor. Theoretical studies have been carried out to determine the strength characteristics of the proposed rotor design. The proposed rotor model was visualized using the T-Flex CAD software product. The advantages of the solid-state method of 3D modeling are that the mathematical model is endowed with the real physical properties of the object (weight, volume, material, surface area, etc.), and the technology of rapid prototyping allows you to get layouts of photorealistic images in the shortest possible time. Results and discussion. Based on the results of the data obtained in the course of theoretical studies, a comparative analysis of the strength characteristics of the basic and modernized models of the tunneling shield cutting working body was carried out. The studies carried out in T-Flex CAD have confirmed the functionality of the modernized design of the tunneling shield working body. An algorithm for calculating the strength characteristics of the proposed rotor design is presented. The algorithm is universal and can be used to calculate other designs of the tunneling shield working body. Conclusions. As a result of the research carried out, the strength characteristics of the rotor have been determined. Maximum values: displacement modulus – 2.875 · 10–5 m, equivalent stresses – 29.47 MPa, and safety factor for an equivalent stress is 9.446 · 106.

The article expounds the design technique of parametrical three-dimension model of the mixer which is a part of the automated power generating complex, used for coal-water fuel preparation. The possibility of the kinematic characteristics analysis of the mixer on the basis of engineering calculations in T-Flex CAD is shown.

The article presents a variant for improving the design of a working body of a tunneling shield, its cutting part to be more precise. The working body of the tunneling shield has been improved with the changes in the design of a rotor working surface. The theoretical studies aimed at determining the strength characteristics of the proposed rotor design have been carried out. The proposed rotor model has been visualized with the use of the T-Flex CAD software. On the basis of the results obtained in the course of the theoretical research, a comparative analysis of the strength characteristics of the main and improved model of the cutting working body of the tunneling shield have been made. The studies carried out at T-Flex CAD confirmed the working capacity of the improved design of the tunneling shield working body. The strength of the rotor has been determined as a result of the studies carried out. The maximum values of the displacement module is 2.875E-05 m, the equivalent stresses are 29.47 MPa, a reserve coefficient on equivalent stresses is 9.446E 06.

The article continues the consideration of using the Russian computer-aided design program T-FLEX CAD to study 3D modeling and prototyping in pre-professional engineering classes, which began in the journal "Informatics at School" No 5-2022. The use of this program when performing an individual project is presented.Practical works are offered that are aimed at creating a model and prototype of a respirator mask. The result of the works is the technical part of an individual project, which can be realized as an educational startup. When realizing the project as an educational startup, legal regulations, financing opportunities and other features of implementing such a project for continuing education are considered.The material will be useful for teachers of informatics and technology working in engineering or information and technology classes, when teaching an advanced course in informatics or a special course in 3D modeling and prototyping.

Les comportements non verbaux relèvent de la communication, concept partagé par plusieurs disciplines scientifiques, notamment la linguistique, la sociolinguistique, la psycholinguistique, la didactique des langues…Dans cet article, nous développons beaucoup plus l’aspect non verbal de la communication en classe de FLE et cherchons à identifier et classer les actes non verbaux employés par les enseignants du FLE en vue d’optimiser l’apprentissage chez leurs apprenants. Reposant sur la théorie de la communication sociale, l’étude a été guidée par l’approche descriptive pour recueillir les données sur les actes non verbaux employés par 7 enseignants de FLE à la deuxième année du niveau secondaire dans les écoles qui offrent le français dans le comté de Kakamega. Les leçons de lecture, compréhension des textes écrits et grammaire française ont été enregistrées par caméra, puis annotées à l’aide du logiciel ELAN (SLOETJES & WITTENBURG, (2008)). Les résultats ont montré que les enseignants ont recouru beaucoup plus aux expressions faciales, au déplacement et au silence. De ces actes non verbaux, seuls le regard, le déplacement et le silence ont constitué les actes les plus fréquemment employés par les enseignants. Le reste d’actes non verbaux a été employé au hasard, ce qui exige une formation sur l’emploi des actes non verbaux de la part des enseignants pour enseigner.

A system for semi-automatic design of 3D models of machine-building parts of the "body of revolution" type - multi-stage shafts, made on the basis of the domestic software complex of threedimensional solid modeling T-Flex CAD 3D, is being considered. Such systems can be classified as mini-CAD. This mini CAD provides automatic formation of 3D models of multi-stage shafts, the design of which can include up to seven stages, grooves for the exit of the grinding wheel, chamfers and key grooves. The principles of forming a 3D model of a complex multi-stage part, its system of parameters, and features of geometric constructions are described. This model includes the entire possible set of structural elements, while the 3D model of a specific design of the shaft is implemented by excluding unnecessary steps and structural elements from this model and assigning specific dimensional parameters to the remaining elements. To simplify the process of entering a description of a specific version of the shaft, a user interface is introduced in the mini-CAD.

We are considering the development of highly specialized 3D modeling mini-CAD 3D system based on the domestic software complex of three-dimensional solid modeling T-Flex CAD 3D. Parametric CAD systems create libraries of standard parts, particularly fastening parts, based on a single base 3D model of such a part. However, the issues of using such systems to form 3D models of complex parts that provide semi-automatic formation of parametric 3D models of specific versions for groups of structurally similar parts have not been worked out. You will learn how to create complex parts, how to formalize them in the form of a tuple system of the features that make up the part, how to create 3D models of complex parts using the tools provided by T-Flex CAD 3D, and the interface that allows you to easily enter the configuration of a specific part and set numerical values for its design parameters.

The article considers traditional and modern approaches to the content of the academic discipline "Engineering Geometry and Computer Graphics". The need for such changes is dictated by the increased demand (including the development program "Advanced Engineering Schools") for the training of highly qualified engineering personnel. The organization of educational process for teaching the disciplines of engineering-graphic training requires appropriate software. In modern conditions, the possibility of using CAD in educational classes is determined by the condition of domestic product development. It is also proposed to introduce an applied component based on virtual reality technology into the teaching methodology. The choice of software - T-flex CAD together with T-flex VR, which will allow the student to design his or her own models for further work in the virtual environment, is substantiated. The arguments in favor of this software complex, based on the prospects and relevance of design solutions for modern engineering education, are given. A list of topics and types of classes that are appropriate to implement in the development of the mentioned discipline is formulated. As a practical example, the problem of constructing projections of a segment in electronic format for demonstration in the VR-environment is described. Conclusions are made about the prospects of implementing T-flex CAD and VR to provide the training discipline "Engineering Geometry and Computer Graphics" for students of the Aerospace Department of Perm Polytechnic University.

The article discusses an add-on (addon) for Blender 3D 2.9x, written in Python 3.9.2, using the Pandas, Jinja2, math and other libraries, which allows you to automate operations for creating animation of bolts, washers, nuts. Allows you to insert additional tools from external files (screwdrivers, keys, arrows, etc.) that are involved in the animation process. Apply materials from an external library, which is a * .blend file with a set of materials based on the names of objects in the scene. Export the resulting scene to WebGL 2.0, using the Babylon.js framework, with the ability to play the resulting animation, which includes traditional animation control buttons, setting the playback speed, the ability to move through animation frames, as well as access to the view from the Blender 3D camera, there where its animation takes place. An interactive list of scene objects is created in the html page, which was automatically generated from the names of Blender 3D scene objects using Jinja2, when you click on the checkbox of the list items, the object is hidden / displayed. Mechanical gear assemblies imported from T-FLEX CAD 3D 17 in * .stl format were used as examples of evaluating the addon's performance. Some features of creating add-ons for Blender 3D are discussed. A comparison of the Three.js library and the Babylon.js framework is given in order to use them to create interactive engineering applications. The add-on for Blender 3D considered in the work can be used not only in the development of educational engineering applications, but also as an element of preparation when creating, for example, IETM.

Obtaining precise motion control of a compliant mechanism is often hindered by competing kinematic, mechanic and dynamic requirements. Resonances limit the control bandwidth while compliance requirements limit the mechanism’s directional stiffness. This paper investigates the improvements possible for three-axis Z, θX and θY diaphragm flexure stages through the use of a design (T-Flex) with members complaint in bending and torsion. According to analytical modeling and FEA, the T-Flex is capable of removing problematic resonant modes of vibration without significantly increasing the axial or tilt stiffness. Bench-level experimentation was conducted on various configurations of compliant mechanisms to determine their effects on the motion characteristics for precision engineering applications. The results indicate that by pairing the T-Flex with a radially stiff compliant mechanism, gimbaled motion can be achieved, providing 7.0 nm/μm lateral cross-axis (parasitic) motions. The mechanism exhibits linear axial and tilt stiffness of 0.195 N/μm and 5.37×10−6 N-m/μrad, respectively. Dynamic testing agreed with the FEA prediction of the first natural frequency to within 10%. The T-Flex coupled with the stiff radial flexure has the potential to provide a precise three-axis configuration with a fundamental resonant frequency of 600 Hz.

One of the more computationally demanding tasks in a process of synthesizing “from scratch” origami crease patterns designed for a given purpose involve a simulation capability to track the progression of the folding process as the pattern folds. This work presents an approach to simulate origami folding based on bar frameworks. The work is related to joint frameworks and projected polyhedral, as they apply to folding. The analysis starts from a representation of a crease pattern as an undirected graph G(E,V) formed by edges E and vertices V. A framework G(p) is an instance of G where the vertex locations are assigned positions according to a vector valued function p(t), where t marks the folding progression and t=0 represents the initial, flat configuration. The strategy presented is based on finding a sequence of instances {p(1), p(2), …} corresponding to an analytic flex p, i.e., functions such that edges in all G(p(t)) have the same length. The method is based on using a finite element description of a bar framework corresponding to a truss-like structure congruent with G(p). Solutions to an eigenvalue problem associated with this structure provide the means to update from p(t) to p(t+1). Two simple (purely geometric) optimization problems adjust the update to compensate for higher order effects, guaranteeing that the length of the edges remain constant. The methodology can be used to achieve configurations close to “flat folding”, provided that no interference of the faces occurs along the way. We expected that physically-motivated constraints (stresses, deformations, etc.) and sensitivity analysis computations will be more easily represented in this framework and therefore this formulation will have an advantage over more standard “origami mathematics” approaches. The approach is illustrated with an example of folding a simple 10-crease pattern.

Svensk grisproduktion har genomgått stora förändringar och omstruktureringar under de senaste decennierna, vilket resulterat i allt färre företag. I dagsläget finns det drygt 1100 aktiva grisföretagare, spridda över landet. Trots strukturomvandlingen med allt fler stora specialiserade grisföretag finns det även en hel del företag med ett mindre antal djur. Föreliggande rapport med fokus på erfarenheter gällande arbetsförhållanden inom grisproduktionen baseras på svar från 288 företagare av totalt 814 (35%) möjliga och relevanta med angiven epostadress i SCB.s lantbruksregister. Av dessa var närmare 25% kvinnor och hälften av grisföretagarna hade varit verksamma mer än 20 år. Smågrisproduktion bedrevs av 20%, slaktsvinsproduktion 40% och integrerad produktion stod för 40% av svaren. Ca 90% av företagen bedrevs konventionellt, medan drygt 10% hade någon form av ekologisk produktion. Vidare framkom att mer än hälften av företagen hade anställd personal. En stor del av frågeställningarna i studien var inriktade på skador och hälsobesvär, goda exempel, problem samt lösningar och åtgärder vid olika arbetsmoment. Vad gäller utfodringsarbetet var det inte så vanligt med skador och hälsobesvär, men incidenter med galtar och sinsuggor, andningsbesvär och besvär i rörelseorganen rapporterades. Fördelar med automatisk utfodring och blötutfodring framhölls i en hel del svar. Problem vid utfodring gällde t ex: larm under nattetid, ständig jour och ensamarbete. Manuell utfodring där man bar spannar och utfodrade smågrisar framhölls som fysiskt påfrestande. De som hade utegrisar berättade att dåligt väder under höst och vinter kunde göra utfodringsarbetet tungt och besvärligt. Andra risker gällde bl.a. dammig miljö samt stress och skaderisker vid krånglande utfodringssystem. Vad gäller behov av åtgärder var det främst tekniska lösningar som önskades för att förbättra arbetsmiljön vid utfodringsarbetet. Vid utgödsling, rengöring/tvätt samt halmhantering framkom främst besvär gällande luftmiljöns påverkan på andningsorganen, oron för gödselgaser samt det påfrestande arbetet med maunell högtrycksrengöring. Vad gäller goda exempel framhöll man främst tvättroboten som ett hjälpmedel som verkligen förbättrade arbetsmiljön. Ett annat exempel var automatisk halmspridning och transport av halm på räls. Problem och förbättringsförslag gällde främst manuell högtrycksvätt och svårigheter med användning av andningsskydd vid detta arbete. Andra förbättringsbehov framkom gällande krånglande utgödslingsanläggningar och den slitsamma manuella skrapningen av boxar. Rapporter gällande skador och hälsobesvär vid skötsel av djur gällde bl.a. aggressiva suggor och incidenter vid vaccinationer. Kläm- och trampskador och handledsproblem vid arbete med smågrisar var också vanligt förekommande. Lugna djur och lugna djurskötare togs upp som goda exempel tillsammans med slopande av konventionell grisvägning. Problem som upplevdes var främst stora, tunga och ibland aggressiva djur, seminering och vaccinationer samt stämpling av djur och vägning. Behov av tekniska lösningar, t.ex. gällande vägning samt bättre avelsarbete framfördes. Andra arbetsuppgifter gällde djurhantering och djurförflyttning, där det främst rapporterades kläm-, halk- och bitskador. Kadavervagn, stora utlastningsrum och drivgångar var bland de goda exempel som framkom. Rapporter gällande problem handlade om avlivning av stora suggor och svårigheten att flytta stora tunga kroppar som låg illa till. Andra problem som förekom var flyttning av grisar vid dåligt väder och med okunnig personal samt urskiljning av slaktfärdiga grisar i boxarna. Tekniklösningar var det man främst tänkte sig för att förbättra arbetsmiljön, men mer personal underlättade också arbetet. Användning av personlig skyddsutrustning var ganska vanligt förekommande vid stallarbetet, främst stålhätta/skyddsskor, hörselskydd och andningsskydd, ca 60-80% använde detta, beroende på arbetsuppgift. Gaslarm användes på tre av de 34 arbetsplatser med vaccumutgödslingssystem, men flera skrev att de borde skaffa gaslarm. Andra viktiga faktorer i grisföretagarnas arbetsmiljö gällde personal och psykosociala aspekter. Svårigheter att hitta personal med lämplig kompetens var problematiskt, där man påpekade att språk och kommunikation var viktigt. När det gällde orosfaktorer var det främst ekonomin, djurrättsaktivister samt administrativa krav som upplevdes som påfrestande. Bland de faktorer som skapar arbetsglädje var välmående djur, välfungerande personal och goda produktionsresultat det som flest uppskattade. Studiens resultat har visat att det fortfarande finns arbetsmiljöproblem inom svensk grisproduktion, men att det i många fall även finns goda exempel på tekniska och organisatoriska lösningar. Ett bra exempel är arbetet med tvätt av stallar som upplevs som väldigt påfrestande vid manuell högtryckstvätt, medan tvättrobotar upplevs som en stor förbättring. Andra tekniska lösningar med stor potential att förbättra arbetsmiljön är automatiska halmfördelningssystem , automatiserad vägning och kvalitetsförbättrade utgödslingssystem. Även bättre design och ergonomi för handhållna hjälpmedel för vaccinationer, tandslipning och märkning hade varit till stor nytta. Luftmiljön i grisstall behöver fortsatt utveckling och förbättring och så länge det inte finns optimala lösningar är det viktigt med bra andningsskydd som är enkla och bekväma att använda. Användningen av tillförlitliga gaslarm i alla stallar med vaccumutgödsling borde vara självklart och obligatoriskt. Det är viktigt att inte glömma vikten av att grisnäringen har tillgång till kompetent och motiverad stallpersonal, vilket kan vara ett problem för en del av de medverkande företagarna. Att ha goda ekonomiska förutsättningar, uppleva trygghet mot att drabbas av aktivism, friska djur och en minskad byråkrati hade gjort livet ännu bättre för Sveriges grisproducenter!