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Massara, R., und P. Feschotte. „Le système binaire PtSi“. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 201, Nr. 1-2 (November 1993): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(93)90888-t.
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Durussel, Ph, R. Massara und P. Feschotte. „Le système binaire PtSn“. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 215, Nr. 1-2 (November 1994): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)90837-0.
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Abissy, M., und L. Mandi. „Utilisation des plantes aquatiques enracinées pour le traitement des eaux usées urbaines : cas du roseau“. Revue des sciences de l'eau 12, Nr. 2 (12.04.2005): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705353ar.
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La présente étude consiste à tester les potentialités d'un hélophyte : le roseau (Arundo donax) à épurer une eau usée urbaine sous un climat aride. Le pilote expérimental est constitué de bacs de 115 litres de capacité, remplis sur une épaisseur de 5 cm de gravier et de 30 cm de sol (texture : limono-argilo-sableuse). Deux bacs sont plantés de jeunes tiges de roseaux. Deux autres bacs non plantés sont pris comme témoins. L'alimentation du système se fait exclusivement par des eaux usées urbaines en bâchées de 25 litres/jour et ce avec une fréquence régulière d'une fois par semaine. L'écoulement se fait par translation verticale à travers le substrat. L'eau de percolation est récupérée au moyen d'un drain placé à la base de chaque bac. L'étude du fonctionnement hydrologique des pilotes testés, a montré que le débit moyen à la sortie du lit planté (254 ml/min) est cinq fois plus élevé par rapport au lit non planté (51 ml/min). Ce qui permet soit de traiter un volume d'eau usée plus important ou bien de réduire la superficie nécessaire par équivalent habitant. En plus, il apparaît que la présence du roseau aide d'une part à prévenir le colmatage qui est un problème fréquent dans le sol non planté et d'autre part de maintenir une porosité suffisante pour assurer la percolation des eaux en traitement. Le suivi des performances épuratoires du système à roseau montre que ce dernier assure une élimination importante de la charge organique (MES : 91%, DCO : 72%). Il fournit des eaux épurées claires et limpides. Ces résultats sont comparables à ceux du sol non planté. La réduction de NTK est de l'ordre de 53% pour le lit planté contre 41% pour le sol nu. En général, le lit planté est plus efficace dans l'élimination de l'azote. Concernant l'élimination des ions ammoniums, le taux d'abattement moyen pour le lit planté est de 24%. Le sol non planté présente une surcharge de l'effluent à la sortie en ammonium (-17%). Le phosphore total et les orthophosphates subissent globalement un faible abattement avec des phases de relargage et d'autres d'abattement. L'abattement moyen obtenu par le système planté ne dépasse pas 28% et 10% respectivement pour le PT et les PO4. Dans le système non planté, il se produit un relargage de phosphore qui se maintient sur une longue période durant la 1ère année et qui se répète également en 2ème année de fonctionnement avec une intensité moins importante. L'abattement moyen obtenu est de -8% et -33% respectivement pour le PT et les PO4. En tenant compte des pertes d'eau par évapotranspiration, la correction effectuée a montré une nette amélioration des performances épuratoires surtout pour le sol planté où les pertes de volume sont considérables. Dans ce cas l'abattement moyen obtenu pour le lit planté est de 68%, 48%, 52% et 39% respectivement pour NTK, NH4, PT et PO4. Pour le sol non planté, les abattements sont plus faibles (NTK : 51%, NH4 : 3%, PT : 12%, PO4 : -8%). La présence du roseau dans le système planté assure donc une nette amélioration de l'abattement de la charge organique et des nutriments par rapport au sol nu. Cette amélioration est faible (3 à 7%) pour la DCO et les MES, par contre pour les nutriments, elle est beaucoup plus importante (17 à 48%). Concernant la charge parasitaire, les deux systèmes planté et non planté, assurent une élimination totale des œufs d'helminthes parasites. Pour les kystes de protozoaires, le système planté assure une réduction de 99,8%. Avec l'épaisseur du substrat testée, les risques de détecter des kystes de protozoaires à la sortie des systèmes plantés est à appréhender. Selon la norme de l'OMS, l'effluent de sortie du système est classé en catégorie B. Le roseau produit une biomasse importante qui atteint 176,5 tonnes/ha. La biomasse aérienne facilement éliminée par faucardage est de 85,3 T/ha. Le taux d'azote et de phosphore exporté avec cette biomasse atteint 98,54 et 4,15 g/m2 respectivement. Ces taux retenus au niveau des parties aériennes représentent 12% de la charge reçue par le système en azote et 3% de la charge reçue en phosphore.
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Larnicol, M., C. Rio, Y. Renollet, Y. Pioche und R. Mevrel. „Étude des phénomènes d'interdiffusion dans le système AM1/NiAl(Pt)/ZrO2-Y2O3“. Le Journal de Physique IV 10, PR4 (März 2000): Pr4–161—Pr4–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2000422.
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Català, Dolors, Jorge Baptista und Cristina Palma. „Problèmes formels concernant la traduction des adverbes composés (espagnol/portugais)“. Langues & Parole 5 (30.11.2020): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/languesparole.64.
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L’objectif de cet article est de présenter les difficultés formelles concernant la traduction automatique des adverbes de l’espagnol (ES) vers le portugais (PT). Nous ne nous intéressons pas directement aux questions d’implémentation, notre but étant de trouver les clés qu’il est nécessaire d’inclure dans un module de transfert ES>PT pour qu’un système de traduction automatique ou assisté puisse choisir, parmi les équivalents donnés, la meilleure traduction. Nous prenons appui sur le dictionnaire des adverbes composés de l’espagnol (Català, 2003) et celui de Palma (2009) et aussi sur une base de données relationnelle contenant les équivalences entre les expressions des deux langues. Notre approche consiste à décrire pour chaque adverbe de l’espagnol ses équivalents portugais. Pour la sélection des expressions équivalentes, nous nous sommes efforcés, autant que possible, de maintenir les correspondances lexicales et structurelles, mais en prenant compte aussi d’autres informations (diasystématiques, diachroniques, diafréquentatives oudiastratiques), quand elles sont disponibles. Pour la validation empirique de ces ressources, nous avons utilisé un corpus de textes extraits des éditions web de journaux espagnols.
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Madeira, Rafael Machado, Soraia Marcelino Vieira und Gabriela da Silva Tarouco. „AGENDAS, PREFERÊNCIAS, COMPETIÇÃO: PT e PSDB em disputas presidenciais“. Caderno CRH 30, Nr. 80 (05.12.2017): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v30i80.21753.
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Há um debate na ciência política brasileira sobre a bipolarização do sistema partidário, decorrente da concentração da competição, nas eleições presidenciais, em dois partidos: PT e PSDB. O objetivo do artigo é identificar o conteúdo e os termos da competição entre tais partidos no que se refere às suas ênfases temáticas, através da comparação entre os programas de governo de cada um para as eleições presidenciais de 2006 a 2014. A hipótese, derivada da saliency theory, é de que a competição entre eles se baseia na seleção de temas específicos e agendas alternativas. O método utilizado para mensuração das agendas e preferências é a análise de conteúdo, com aplicação das categorias do Manifest Research Group/MARPOR. Os resultados revelam que as plataformas se aproximam por conterem os temas da agenda pública nacional, mas se distinguem nas prioridades que estabelecem e na direção em que adaptam suas ênfases ao longo do tempo.Palavras-Chave: Manifestos; Análise de conteúdo; Partidos políticos; Eleições presidenciais; Agenda de políticas públicas.AGENDAS, PREFERENCES, COMPETITION: PT and PSDB in presidential disputesABSTRACTIn the Brazilian political science, there is a debate about the bipolarization of the party system resulting from the concentration of the competition in the presidential elections in two parties: PT and PSDB. This article aims to identify the content and the terms of competition among such parties concerning their thematic emphasis by comparing government plans of each party for the presidential elections from 2006 to 2014. The hypothesis, derived from saliency theory, is that the competition between them is based on the selection of specific themes and alternative agendas. The method used to measure agendas and preferences is the content analysis, applying the categories of the Manifest Research Group – MARPOR. The results reveled that platforms come closer to each other due to the inclusion of themes of the national public agenda, but they are distinguished in the priorities that each party establish and in the direction in which they adapt their emphases over time.Key words: Manifests; content analysis; political parties; presidential elections; public policy agendaAGENDAS, PRÉFÉRENCES, COMPÉTITION: PT et PSDB se disputent les présidentiellesABSTRACTAu sein de la science politique brésilienne et en ce qui concerne les élections présidentielles, il existe un débat sur la bipolarisation du système des partis résultant d’une concentration de la compétition autour de deux partis, le PT et le PSDB. Cet article se veut d’identifier le contenu et les termes de la concurrence entre ces partis en fonction de leurs axes thématiques et de comparer leurs programmes gouvernementaux respectifs lors des élections présidentielles de 2006 à 2014. L’hypothèse, dérivée de la saliency theory, est que la compétition qui s’engage entre eux est basée sur la sélection de thèmes spécifiques et de compromis alternatifs. La méthode utilisée pour mesurer les compromis et les préférences est l’analyse de contenu à laquelle on applique les catégories du Manifest Research Group - MARPOR. Les résultats révèlent que les plates-formes se rapprochent par l’inclusion de thèmes des compromis publics nationaux, mais se distinguent au niveau des priorités établies et de la direction prise pour adapter leurs efforts au fil du temps.Key words: Manifestes; Analyse de contenu; Partis politiques; Élections présidentielles; Compromis des politiques publiques
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Dallay, C., F. Chabaud und A. Delbreil. „Insécurité des soignants face à la violence des patients : état des lieux et facteurs prédisposants ; résultats d’une enquête transversale, multicentrique menée en unité psychiatrique fermée et aux urgences“. European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.292.
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La violence constitue une problématique importante dans notre système de soins. Cette violence est un phénomène complexe qui résulte de l’intrication de plusieurs facteurs étiologiques, variant selon le type de violence rencontré. L’objectif de ce travail était d’identifier des facteurs en lien avec la survenue d’évènements violents dans les soins hospitaliers, le vécu des soignants et leurs impacts. La méthode comportait une enquête transversale, multicentrique (CHU de Toulouse et Poitiers), multi-sites (urgences psychiatriques et somatiques, services fermés de psychiatrie) auprès des personnels volontaires infirmiers et aides soignants. L’auto-questionnaire comportait les caractéristiques individuelles des soignants, dont l’échelle MBI (évaluation de l’épuisement professionnel), les variables d’organisation du travail (score de Pression Temporelle, score d’Incertitude validés par Presst-Next), la partie interactionnelle dont l’échelle IRI d’empathie. L’analyse descriptive et comparative des données selon le niveau de violence précédait une régression logistique du risque de violence déclarée en fonction des variables indépendantes retenues. Le taux de réponse était de 58,1 %, 150 questionnaires furent validés et traités. Les résultats révèlent que la fréquence de confrontation à la violence et le sentiment d’insécurité au travail sont élevés chez les soignants interrogés. L’épuisement professionnel, la pression temporelle, les horaires de travail sont associés à une violence élevée. La dimension cognitive PT (Prise de perspective) de l’empathie est associée à une réduction du risque de violence déclarée. Ces résultats révèlent ainsi que l’empathie dans les soins prévient la survenue d’évènements de violence. En revanche, la pression au travail, l’épuisement professionnel et la sympathie semblent constituer des facteurs de risque par l’altération de la relation soignants-soignés.ConclusionCes résultats suggèrent la nécessité d’améliorer les conditions de travail, de prévenir l’apparition d’un épuisement professionnel et de préserver l’empathie clinique chez les soignants. Ces actions pourraient contribuer à prévenir la violence interactionnelle dans les soins par l’amélioration de la relation thérapeutique.
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Durussel, Ph, und P. Feschotte. „Les systèmes binaires PdSb et PtSb“. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 176, Nr. 1 (Oktober 1991): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(91)90023-o.
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Seror, R., L. Chiche, G. Desjeux, J. Zhuo, B. Bregman, V. Vannier-Moreau und V. Devauchelle-Pensec. „POS0024 ESTIMATED PREVALENCE, INCIDENCE AND HEALTHCARE COSTS OF SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME IN FRANCE: A NATIONAL CLAIMS-BASED STUDY“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19.05.2021): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.78.
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Background:Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterised by oral and ocular dryness related to lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands.1–3 Extra-glandular manifestations may include fatigue, musculoskeletal pain and glomerulonephritis.1,3 SS can present as primary SS (pSS) or as SS associated with another autoimmune disorder (SS+AID).1 Reported prevalence of pSS in the French general population is 1.02–1.52 cases/10,000 people.3Objectives:To estimate prevalence, incidence and healthcare costs of SS in France using national health insurance claims data.Methods:Claims from 2011–2018 from the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS), comprised of data from 99% of the French population, were analysed. Patients (pts) with SS were identified using an algorithm.4 Inclusion criteria: International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code M35.0 (Sicca syndrome [Sjögren]) or M35 (other systemic involvement of connective tissue), and ≥2 drug reimbursements for SS-related treatments. Key exclusion criteria: amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, HIV, and head and neck radiotherapy. Denominators for estimated prevalence rates were derived from French population census data. Healthcare costs were based on Assurance Maladie rates.Results:23,152 pts with pSS and 15,462 with SS+AID were identified during the study period. Estimated prevalence of SS (2011–2018) per 100,000 persons ranged from 22–32 (pSS) and 17–22 (SS+AID) and was stable over time; proportion of female pts was 90–91% (pSS) and 92–93% (SS+AID); mean age ranged from 63–66 (pSS) and 58–63 (SS+AID) years. Estimated incidence of SS (2012–2018) per 100,000 persons ranged from 4.1–0.3 (pSS) and 2.1–0.1 (SS+AID); proportion of female pts was 76–87% (pSS) and 74–90% (SS+AID); mean age ranged from 53–64 (pSS) and 50–62 (SS+AID) years. RA was the most frequently associated autoimmune disorder (32%) in pts with SS+AID. In the first year, artificial tears was the most frequently reimbursed drug (66% [pSS], 55% [SS+AID]), followed by hydroxychloroquine (19% [pSS], 35% [SS+AID]). From 2014–2018, ~30% of men and ~22% of women with pSS reported no drug reimbursement; ~20% of men and ~15% of women with SS+AID reported no drug reimbursement during the same time frame. From 2013–2018, ~50% of all pts had consultations with a dentist or an ophthalmologist. Mean healthcare costs increased over the study period: from €5836 to €9618 (pSS) and €8905 to €13,271 (SS+AID). Pt characteristics and healthcare consumption data are presented (Table 1).Conclusion:Prevalence of pSS in this French claims data study was stable over time and consistent with previous reports.3 Based on these results, SS may be considered an orphan disease. Overall costs for pts with SS were higher than previously estimated.5 Results may help inform and optimise specialist care for pts with SS in France.References:[1]Patel R, Shahane A. Clin Epidemiol 2014;6:247–255.[2]Mariette X, Criswell LA. N Engl J Med 2018;378:931–939.[3]Maldini C, et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014;66:454–463.[4]Devauchelle Pensec V, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019;71(suppl 10):abstract 1101.[5]l’Assurance Maladie. Améliorer la qualité du système de santé et maîtriser les dépenses. July 2019.Table 1.Characteristics and healthcare consumption data for pts with SS in the SNDS (2011–2018)pSSSS+AIDAge at disease onset, overall and by sexM (n=2515)F (n=20,637)All (n=23,152)M (n=1350)F (n=14,112)All (n=15,462)Mean (SD)62 (15)60 (15)60 (15)59 (14)56 (15)56 (15)Age, yrs, n (%)<50480 (19)4948 (24)5428 (23)328 (24)4507 (32)4835 (31)50–741471 (59)11,567 (56)13,038 (56)852 (63)7887 (56)8739 (57)≥75564 (22)4122 (20)4686 (20)170 (13)1718 (12)1888 (12)Healthcare consumptionMean (IQR) no. prescriptions for treatment of interest37 (9–58)52 (20–78)≥1 Schirmer’s test, n (%)2409 (10)1303 (8)Reimbursement for antinuclear antibody test, n (%)13,312 (58)9587 (62)Mean no. dental reimbursements/yr21Mean no. ophthalmologist reimbursements/yr11F=female; IQR=interquartile range; M=male; yr=year.Acknowledgements:This study was sponsored by Bristol Myers Squibb. Professional medical writing assistance was provided by Lindsay Craik at Caudex and was funded by Bristol Myers Squibb.Disclosure of Interests:Raphaèle Seror Consultant of: Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Fresenius Kabi, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, Laurent Chiche: None declared, Guillaume Desjeux: None declared, Joe Zhuo Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Bruno Bregman Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Virginie Vannier-Moreau Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Valerie Devauchelle-Pensec Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Roche-Chugai.
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Ei-Boragy, Mohamed, Martin Eliner und Bruno Predel. „Zur Bildung übergangsmetallreicher glasartiger Phasen in den Systemen Ni-Pd-As, Ni-Pt-As, Pt-P und Pd-Pt-P“. International Journal of Materials Research 76, Nr. 1 (01.01.1985): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1985-760112.
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Wijaya, Andre, und Muhammad Adi Pribadi. „Interaksi Simbolik dalam Perencanaan Komunikasi Pemasaran PT. Microad Indonesia (Studi Etnografi: Systema Solution di Media Sosial)“. Prologia 4, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/pr.v4i2.6712.
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Marketing communication activities carried out to be able to increase sales and introduce a brand to the wider community, in the current technological era social media plays an important role in conducting marketing communication. Lots of people use social media, this is an opportunity to do marketing communication through social media. PT. MicroAd Indonesia is an advertising company engaged in digital. PT. MicroAd Indonesia has its own way of marketing communication that is different from other advertising companies. Symbolic interactions also affect the marketing communication of PT. MicroAd Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative methodology with ethnographic methods. Data collection was carried out using participant observation, in-depth interviews with several teams at PT. MicroAd Indonesia, and also document analysis. The conclusion of this study is that there are several stages of marketing communication planning consisting of first meeting with clients, Kick Off, Doing research such as searching for key messages, Content Pillar and Content Mapping and then creating content for on social media such as Instagram, Facebook and Twitter to the final stage that is Monitoring.Kegiatan komunikasi pemasaran dilakukan untuk dapat meningkatkan penjualan dan memperkenalkan sebuah merek kepada masyarakat luas, di era teknologi saat ini media sosial sangat berperan penting dalam melakukan komunikasi pemasaran, Banyak sekali orang-orang yang menggunakan media sosial, ini merupakan suatu kesempatan untuk melakukan komunikasi pemasaran melalui media sosial. PT. MicroAd Indonesia adalah suatu perusahaan periklanan yang bergerak dibidang digital. PT. MicroAd Indonesia memiliki cara tersendiri untuk melakukan komunikasi pemasaran yang berbeda dengan perusahaan periklanan lainnya. Interaksi simbolik juga mempengaruhi komunikasi pemasaran PT. MicroAd Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan metode etnografi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa tim di PT. MicroAd Indonesia, dan juga analisis dokumen. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat beberapa tahapan perencanaan komunikasi pemasaran yang terdiri dari pertemuan pertama dengan klien, Kick Off, Melakukan riset seperti mencari key message, Content Pillar dan Content Mapping lalu pembuatan konten untuk di media sosial seperti Instagram, Facebook dan Twitter hingga ketahap akhir yaitu adalah Monitoring.
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Salman Muhammad Rezab, Ery Sunarya und Nor Norisanti. „Evektivitas Perfomance Management Menggunakan Whistleblowing System Pada PT. Arta Boga Cemerlang Depo Sukabumi“. Jurnal Syntax Transformation 1, Nr. 4 (22.06.2020): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jst.v1i4.46.
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PT.Arta Boga cemerlang depo sukabumi merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang begerak dalam bidang distributor dan merupakan distributor tunggal produk produk PT.Orang tua seperti Tanggo, teh gelas ,kiranti ,sikat gigi formula batu baterai ABC dll. PT.Arta boga mempunyai estimasi karyawan sekitar 200 orang dari berbagai lini dan mayoritas dari karyawan tersebut adalah salesman. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggali mengenai efektivitas perfomance management menggunakan whistleblowing systeme pada PT. Arta Boga Cemerlang Depo Sukabumi, metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan asosiatif. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Dan teknik sampling menggunakan sampling jenuh. Dari hasil wawancara dan pengolahan data pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa whistleblowing system masih efektif untuk performance management perusahaan. Dan whistleshitleblowing system memeberikan pengaruh sebesar 65,3% terhadap keefektifan perfomance manajemen pada PT. Arta Boga Cemerlang Depo Sukabumi.
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SY, Yuliani. „Information System Security Analysis at PT. TELKOM Using KAMI Index“. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, Nr. 02 (12.02.2020): 3121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i2/pr200618.
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Zhai Yuanbo, 翟远博, 李汝江 Li Rujiang und 李鹏飞 Li Pengfei. „分数衍射系统中部分PT对称孤子的对称破缺“. Acta Optica Sinica 44, Nr. 5 (2024): 0519002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos231673.
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Cichocki, Łukasz. „Role of individual psychotherapy of people diagnosed with schizophrenia in the Polish system of psychiatric care“. Psychoterapia 172, Nr. 1 (2015): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pt/31479.
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Jozefczyk, Anna, und Waldemar Świętochowski. „The nuclear family emotional system: the regulatory function of symptoms according to Bowen“. Psychoterapia 204, Nr. 1 (03.08.2023): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pt/163064.
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Założenie o regulacyjnej funkcji objawów psychopatologicznych jest jednym z podstawowych aksjomatów systemowej terapii rodzin. Przyjmuje się, że występujące u niektórych członków rodziny symptomy chorobowe stają się elementem przywrócenia zachwianej równowagi rodzinnej. Amerykański psychiatra Murray Bowen, na podstawie klinicznej obserwacji rodzin, doszedł do wniosku, że ta sama funkcja może być realizowana przez cztery mechanizmy określone jako system emocjonalny rodziny nuklearnej. Zaliczał do nich: 1) tworzenie dystansu emocjonalnego pomiędzy członkami rodziny; 2) konflikty w obrębie diady małżeńskiej; 3) dysfunkcję jednego z małżonków; 4) dysfunkcję dziecka, związaną z nadmierną koncentracją rodziców na jego zachowaniu. Zachowania te podejmowane są intuicyjnie i mają na celu odwrócenie uwagi rodziny od rzeczywistych problemów emocjonalnych w całym systemie. W niniejszym artykule autorzy opisują działanie takich mechanizmów na przykładzie konkretnych przypadków pacjentów klinicznych, wzbogaconych genogramami. Wprawdzie na poziomie behawioralnym wzorce te znacznie różnią się od siebie i przez to mogą ukierunkowywać uwagę terapeuty na problemy indywidualne, w rzeczywistości realizują tę samą funkcję — dążenie do przywrócenia homeostazy w rodzinie. Przyjęcie takiej perspektywy pozwala na nowo rozpoznać cel pracy z pacjentem, otwierając możliwość podejmowania przez specjalistów z zakresu ochrony zdrowia psychicznego interwencji bardziej skutecznych i trwałych.
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Cichocki, Łukasz, Iga Plencler und Bogusław Cegiel. „From isolation to integration. Reflections regarding the recovery process of a patient with schizophrenia treated in the community psychiatry system“. Psychoterapia 190, Nr. 3 (27.12.2019): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pt/111649.
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Shtemenko, N. I., D. E. Kytova, O. V. Berzenina, O. I. Hrabovska und A. V. Shtemenko. „New formulation and activity of rhenium-platinum antitumor system“. Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 94, Nr. 3 (04.10.2022): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.03.092.
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Two-component Rhenium-Platinum system (Re-Pt system) is based on administration of a cluster dirhenium(III) compound and cisplatin to tumor bearing animals followed by a significant antitumor effect and decreased toxic effect of cisplatin on normal cells. The aim of this work was to obtain solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) from surface lipids (waxes) of Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) leaves and to estimate whether capsulation of dirhenium(III) as a component of the Re-Pt system into SLN will affect its antitumor activity and red blood cells (RBC) morphology in a rat model of Guerin’s carcinoma growth. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography, microscopy, light scattering were used in the research. Solid lipid nanoparticles were obtained, characterized, loaded with cluster dirhenium(III) and being introduced together with cisplatin to rats with Guerin’s carcinoma resulted in RBC morphology preservation and a significant decrease in tumor weight. It was concluded that the lipid coating of the rhenium cluster compound did not reduce the antitumor effect of the Re-Pt system and protected RBC from toxic cisplatin influence. A new formulation of the Re-Pt system is proposed. Keywords: carcinoma, rhenium cluster compound, rhenium-platinum antitumor system, solid lipid nanoparticles, surface lipids
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Castellvi, César. „Les Clubs de presse au Japon“. Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 8, Nr. 2 (20.12.2019): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v8.n2.2019.406.
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FR. En partant de l’analyse des clubs de presse japonais, cet article porte sur le rôle joué par les entreprises médiatiques dans les relations des journalistes aux sources institutionnelles. En tant que principale forme d’accès aux sources, les clubs de presse (kisha kurabu) sont des rassemblements de reporters accrédités aux institutions majeures de la société (ministères, administrations, grandes entreprises, commissariats). Ils se distinguent d’autres formes d’associations de journalistes par leur présence systématique à l’ensemble du pays ainsi que par leur modalité d’accès. Seuls les reporters salariés d’une entreprise de la presse quotidienne ou d’une chaîne de télévision peuvent y adhérer. Cela écarte les autres segments de la profession et impose une division du travail où les reporters salariés disposent seuls de l’exclusivité sur la production d’informations institutionnelles. Ce système, souvent critiqué, mais toujours en place, s’explique également par l’organisation des carrières des journalistes. Les parcours des reporters salariés se déroulent en interne des entreprises et sont soumis à une forte mobilité thématique et géographique. Cette mobilité rend difficile l’entretien d’un carnet d’adresses pour beaucoup d’entre eux. L’accréditation aux clubs joue le rôle de facilitateur de mise en relation avec les sources. En contrepartie, il renforce la dépendance des journalistes vis-à-vis des entreprises qui sont les véritables propriétaires de l’accès à la matière première de l’information.
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EN. Based on an analysis of Japanese press clubs, this paper examines the role of media companies in journalists' relations with institutional sources. Press clubs (kisha kurabu) consist of reporters accredited by the major institutions of society (ministries, administrations, large companies, police stations) and are the main avenue of access to these sources. They differ from other journalists' associations in their systematic presence throughout the country and how one becomes a member. Only reporters employed by a daily press company or television channel can join. This bars access by other segments of the profession and imposes a division of labor in which staff reporters have the exclusive right to produce institutional news. This system is often criticized, and yet it persists, at least in part because of the career path of journalists, which takes place within companies and are subject to high thematic and geographical mobility. This mobility makes it difficult for many of them to maintain a roster of sources. Club membership facilitates connection with sources. In return, it reinforces journalists' dependence on companies that are the true gatekeepers of access to the raw material of news.
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PT. Partindo da análise dos clubes de imprensa japoneses, este artigo enfoca o papel desempenhado pelas empresas de mídia nas relações dos jornalistas com as fontes institucionais. Como principal forma de acesso às fontes, os clubes de imprensa (kisha kurabu) são reuniões de repórteres credenciados em grandes instituições da sociedade (ministérios, administrações, grandes empresas, delegacias de polícia). Distinguem-se de outras formas de associação de jornalistas por sua presença sistemática em todo o país e por sua modalidade de acesso. Somente repórteres que são funcionários de uma empresa de jornais diários ou de um canal de televisão podem participar. Isso exclui outros segmentos da profissão e impõe uma divisão do trabalho em que apenas os repórteres assalariados têm direitos exclusivos sobre a produção de informações institucionais. Esse sistema, frequentemente criticado, mas ainda em vigor, também é explicado pela organização de carreiras de jornalistas. As jornadas dos repórteres assalariados são realizadas internamente pelas empresas e estão sujeitas a uma alta mobilidade temática e geográfica. Essa mobilidade dificulta a manutenção de um catálogo de endereços para muitos deles. O credenciamento de clubes atua como um facilitador para o vínculo com as fontes. Em contrapartida, reforça a dependência dos jornalistas de empresas que são os verdadeiros proprietários do acesso à matéria-prima da informação.
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Sultana, Aysha, Fida Hussain, Razia Asif, Amanullah Bhutto, Shabnam ., Azhar Ali, Kiran Aamir und Aamir Ramzan. „To Determine the Effect of Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thrombopalstin Time (APTT), and International Normalized Ratio (INR) Levels on Gender and Age“. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, Nr. 1 (31.01.2023): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023171729.
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Background: Hepatic function, coagulation disorders, and the risk of postoperative bleeding can all be detected with PT assay. When it comes to measuring "extrinsic route" coagulation factors, the PT is the most commonly used test. It is possible to check for a lack of intrinsic or common route factors by measuring the duration to trigger partial thromboplastin (aPTT). A solution to the problem of inconsistent PT measurements among laboratories was the creation of the International Normalized Ratio (INR). Laboratory-specific reference intervals can have a significant impact on the quality of patient treatment by influencing clinical decision-making. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine if gender and age affect PT, International normalised ratio (INR), and aPTT levels in people without known liver disease or anticoagulant therapy. Method: Between July and December of 2021, patients without a past history of bleeding were admitted to the LUMHS Hyderabad civil hospital for minor surgical procedures (inguinal/umbilical hernia repair, caesarean section, rectal polyp excision, and diagnostic cystoscopy). There were 2274 patients in all, with 766 males and 1508 females. According to their chronological age, patients were separated into three groups. The study sampled 268 men and 22 women aged 0-14, 222 men and 1335 women aged 15-50, and 151 women and 276 men in the third age range (over the age of 50 year). Systemex CA-500 auto analyzer was used to conduct the analyses. Results: Males and females have considerably different PT and INR values. Men and women between the ages of 15 and 50 were more likely to have increased PT, INR, and aPTT readings than those between the ages of 0 and 14. Males and females between the ages of zero and fourteen had the lowest aPTT levels. Between the ages of 15 and 50, women and men had higher PT, INR, and aPTT values than women and men over 50. PT, INR, and aPTT reference values based on a 95% confidence interval for men and women, as well as sexes and ages. Conclusion: In this arena, a dearth of study has established that gender and age have little effect on PT, INR, and aPTT levels. Gender and age disparities in clinically used reference ranges for PT, INR, and aPTT must be taken into account. Keywords: Prothrombin Time, INR, APTT, Outcomes
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Funke, Klaus, und Ulf T. Eysel. „Pharmacological inactivation of pretectal nuclei reveals different modulatory effects on retino-geniculate transmission by X and Y cells in the cat“. Visual Neuroscience 12, Nr. 1 (Januar 1995): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800007288.
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AbstractThe modulatory influence of pretectal neurons on retino-geniculate transmission in the cat was studied by cross-correlation analysis of single-unit activity simultaneously recorded from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the pretectum (PT) and with reversible inactivation of the PT by GABA microiontophoresis during simultaneous visual stimulation of PT and dLGN neurons. Visually induced population activity in PT nuclei was achieved by a moving (or counterphasing) grating which was presented in the background of the light spot used to stimulate the dLGN neuron. As a control, the light spot was presented on a stationary grating to avoid stimulation of PT neurons but to yield the same illumination of the background. Extracellularly recorded dLGN relay cells of the X- and Y-type were found to be differentially affected by the PT-dLGN projection. During visual stimulation of PT cells, X cells were strongly inhibited and this effect was significantly reduced during PT inactivation. By contrast, the visual responses of most Y cells were affected neither by PT stimulation nor by PT inactivation. In addition, the temporal structure of spike patterns during the light response was examined with autocorrelograms and spike-interval distributions. X-on cells often exhibited a multimodal interval distribution and oscillatory type of activity. During stimulation of the PT interval distributions changed in a characteristic manner and oscillations disappeared. Both effects could be almost totally cancelled by PT inactivation. By contrast, the temporal structure of Y-cell responses was not affected. Our results demonstrate for the first time a pretectal modulation of retino-geniculate transmission in cat dLGN which is clearly different for X and Y cells. This influence seems to be mediated via (inhibitory) interneurons, since we found no indication for a direct coupling between PT and dLGN units. This projection might contribute to the well-known phenomenon of saccadic suppression.
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Ghanem, Mohamed C., und Thomas M. Chen. „Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Network Penetration Testing“. Information 11, Nr. 1 (20.12.2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11010006.
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Penetration testing (also known as pentesting or PT) is a common practice for actively assessing the defenses of a computer network by planning and executing all possible attacks to discover and exploit existing vulnerabilities. Current penetration testing methods are increasingly becoming non-standard, composite and resource-consuming despite the use of evolving tools. In this paper, we propose and evaluate an AI-based pentesting system which makes use of machine learning techniques, namely reinforcement learning (RL) to learn and reproduce average and complex pentesting activities. The proposed system is named Intelligent Automated Penetration Testing System (IAPTS) consisting of a module that integrates with industrial PT frameworks to enable them to capture information, learn from experience, and reproduce tests in future similar testing cases. IAPTS aims to save human resources while producing much-enhanced results in terms of time consumption, reliability and frequency of testing. IAPTS takes the approach of modeling PT environments and tasks as a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) problem which is solved by POMDP-solver. Although the scope of this paper is limited to network infrastructures PT planning and not the entire practice, the obtained results support the hypothesis that RL can enhance PT beyond the capabilities of any human PT expert in terms of time consumed, covered attacking vectors, accuracy and reliability of the outputs. In addition, this work tackles the complex problem of expertise capturing and re-use by allowing the IAPTS learning module to store and re-use PT policies in the same way that a human PT expert would learn but in a more efficient way.
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Troitzsch, Ulrike, und David J. Ellis. „High-PT study of solid solutions in the system ZrO2-TiO 2: The stability of srilankite“. European Journal of Mineralogy 16, Nr. 4 (15.07.2004): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0577.
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Bensaddik, A., D. Bazin, H. Dexpert, A. Caballero, J. Lynch und B. Didillon. „Etude in situ par EXAFS de la réaction de reformage sur les systèmes Pt/Al2O3 et PtRe/Al2O3 sulfurés“. Le Journal de Physique IV 06, Nr. C4 (Juli 1996): C4–493—C4–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1996447.
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Baranov, I. E., V. I. Porembskii, E. K. Lyutikova, I. I. Nikolaev, V. V. Markelov, O. K. Alekseeva, S. V. Ostrovskii et al. „COMPARATIVE STUDY OF Pt-BASED CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON VARIOUS CARBON SUPPORTS FOR SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS“. Chemical Problems 17, Nr. 4 (2019): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2019-4-489-499.
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Liu, Jiazheng, Junqiang Wang, Mengwei Li und Haikun Zhang. „High Quality Pt–Pt Metal Bonding for High Temperature Packaging“. Micromachines 13, Nr. 9 (17.09.2022): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091543.
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Platinum is an ideal material for high-temperature resistant device packaging due to its higher melting point and good electrical properties. In this paper, the thermocompression bonding of Pt–Pt metal electrodes was successfully realized through process exploration, and the package interconnection that meets the requirements was formed. A square bump with a side length of 160 µm and a sealing ring with a width of 80 µm were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. Different pressure parameters were selected for chip-level bonding; the bonding temperature was 350 °C for about 20 min. Analysis of the interface under a scanning electron microscope found that the metal Cr diffused into Pt. It was found that two chips sputtered with 300 nm metal Pt can achieve shear resistance up to 30 MPa by flip-chip bonding at 350 °C and 100 MPa temperature and pressure, respectively. The leakage rate of the sample is less than 2 × 10–3 Pa·cm3/s, the bonding interface is relatively smooth, and the hot-pressed metal bonding of Pt electrodes with good quality is realized. By comparing the failure rates at different temperatures and pressures, the process parameters for Pt–Pt bonding with higher success rates were obtained. We hope to provide new ideas and methods for the packaging of high-temperature resistant devices.
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Wang, Fengxiang, Zhenyu Lin, Zhijie Zhang, Yanfeng Li, Haoze Chen, Jiaqi Liu und Chao Li. „Fabrication and Calibration of Pt-Rh10/Pt Thin-Film Thermocouple“. Micromachines 14, Nr. 1 (20.12.2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010004.
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Aiming at the dynamic testing of the ignition temperature of micro-initiating explosives, a novel Pt-Rh10/Pt thin-film thermocouple was designed in this paper. The author carried out the preparation of the thermocouple by using a screen printing process on an Al2O3 ceramic substrate. The formed thermocouple was made of Pt-Rh10 wire and Pt wire as compensation wires, with a size of ≤ 1 mm and a thickness of about 6 μm. In the testing process, the static calibration of the thermocouple at 50~600 °C and 650~1500 °C was completed by a portable temperature verification furnace and a horizontal high temperature verification furnace, and the results showed that the Seebeck coefficient of the thermocouple was about 10.70 μV/°C, and its output voltage–temperature curve was similar to that of a standard S-type thermocouple, which achieved the effective temperature measurement up to 1500 °C. The dynamic response of Pt-Rh10/Pt thin-film thermocouple was then tested and studied using the pulsed laser method, and the results show that the time constant of the thermocouple prepared in this paper is about 535 μs, which has the characteristics of fast response and high precision high-temperature testing. Compared with the traditional thin-film thermocouple, the thermocouple has excellent electrical conductivity, more oxidation resistance, the surface layer is not easy to peel off and other advantages.
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Stolichnov, I., A. Tagantsev, N. Setter, J. S. Cross, M. Fujiki und M. Tsukada. „Degradation of asymmetrical Pt/SRO/PLZT/Pt capacitors: Role of Pt and oxide electrodes“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 26, Nr. 1-4 (Oktober 1999): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584589908215631.
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Callejas-Rodríguez, Rodrigo, und Oscar Seguel. „Paquete tecnológico UchileCrea para el control inteligente del riego en sistemas frutícolas“. Aqua-LAC 13, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29104/phi-aqualac/2021-v13-1-09.
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El manejo del riego en la fruticultura es una de las principales labores agrícolas que deben ejecutar los productores en sus predios. A pesar de existir, teóricamente, un sinnúmero de alternativas para su control, ellas no son necesariamente eficientes en determinar en forma clara el tiempo y la frecuencia de riego durante la temporada de producción. Por esta razón, el equipo UchileCrea de la Universidad de Chile ha trabajado por más 20 años para definir y validar un paquete tecnológico (PT) para el control del riego, enmarcado en la integración de nuevas tecnologías (sondas de capacitancia, IoT, manejo de precisión, NDVI, etc.) y que en la actualidad se hace más necesario, por el recurrente incremento de la escasez hídrica que vive el país producto del cambio climático, lo que obliga a aumentar la eficiencia de uso del agua de riego (EUAr). De acuerdo a la metodología internacional establecida para la generación de paquetes tecnológicos, se definieron 4 etapas que se debían cumplir. Etapa 1: selección de tecnologías y conformación de sub-paquetes. Etapa 2: propuesta de paquete tecnológico. Etapa 3: validación y retroalimentación. Etapa 4: promoción y adopción del PT. Se pudo verificar que es posible definir el tiempo y frecuencia de riego en forma óptima, mejorando los rendimientos, ahorrando entre 20 a 40% del recurso hídrico utilizado, aumentando la EUAr y disminuyendo el consumo de energía eléctrica. Adicionalmente, este PT permite tener una nueva herramienta probada para enfrentar la escasez hídrica que vive el país y, a través de la promoción permanente, seguir incorporándolo en el sistema frutícola nacional.
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XIE, DAN, ZHIGANG ZHANG, TIANLING REN, CHAOGANG WEI und LITIAN LIU. „IMPRINT RELATED FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/Pt CAPACITORS“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 73, Nr. 1 (September 2005): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580500413814.
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Stolichnov, I., A. Tagantsev, M. Doebeli und P. Schmuki. „Pt-ion-implantation-induced suppression of leakage conduction in Pt/Pb)(ZrxTi1−x)O3/Pt capacitors“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 23, Nr. 1-4 (Juli 1999): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584589908210149.
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Zhou, Le, Yi Wei, Hongwen Zhang, Zhulin Huang, Shuyi Zhu, Zhipeng Zhao, Yujing Guo, Hao Fu, Qian Zhao und Weiping Cai. „Surface Roughening of Pt-Polystyrene Spherical Janus Micromotors for Enhanced Motion Speed“. Micromachines 13, Nr. 4 (31.03.2022): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040555.
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Spherical Janus micromotors (SJMs) have attracted much attention, and their high-speed motion is highly desired due to their various potential applications. However, the conventional template-deposition method often leads to an active Pt coating with a smooth surface, which is unbeneficial to speed enhancement in terms of catalytic reaction. Here, a facile surface roughening method is presented to fabricate the Pt-polystyrene (PS) SJMs with rough Pt surface (or Ptr-PS SJMs) by plasma-etching the PS colloidal monolayer and then depositing Pt. The Ptr-PS SJMs can exhibit directional motion pushed by the Pt in the various H2O2 solutions, and they show much higher motion speeds than the Pt-PS SJMs with smooth Pt surfaces at the same H2O2 concentration. The Pt-pushed motion is related to the locally asymmetric catalytic reaction of the Pt coating on PS. The speed is also associated with the surface roughness of the Pt coating. The Pt film with a rough surface causes enhanced motion speed due to the improvement of reaction catalytic activity. This work presents a new route to enhancing the motor motion speed, which is of significance in designing micromotors with high-speed motion.
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FU, CHUNLIN, FUSHENG PAN und WEI CAI. „LEAKAGE CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS OF Pt/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Pt THIN-FILM CAPACITORS“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 91, Nr. 1 (14.05.2007): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580701320404.
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Park, Youngsoo, June Key Lee, Ilsub Jung und Jai-Young Lee. „Effect of annealing atmosphere on the delamination of Pt layer in SiO2/Pt/PZT/Pt ferroelectric capacitor“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 25, Nr. 1-4 (September 1999): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584589908210183.
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Pacholek, X., Renaud Lancelot, Matthieu Lesnoff und Samir Messad. „Performances de croissance des chamelons élevés dans la zone pastorale nigérienne“. Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 53, Nr. 2 (01.02.2000): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9751.
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De 1992 à 1996, un suivi zootechnique individuel a été réalisé sur les chameIons de moins d'un an élevés traditionnellement dans 20 troupeaux de la zone pastorale nigérienne. L'étude visait à établir une formule barymétrique simple d'estimation du poids des chamelons et à modéliser leur croissance pondérale en tenant compte d'éventuels facteurs de variation. Les données allométriques (poids vif, hauteur au garrot, périmètre thoracique) ont été analysées selon la méthodologie des modèles linéaires mixtes. Une formule barymétrique a été établie à partir de la mesure des périmètres thoraciques (PT) compris entre 0,7 et 1,5 m. Le sexe est apparu comme un facteur de variation significatif (p < 0,01) : à périmètre thoracique égal, les femelles sont nées plus lourdes, puis le phénomène s'est inversé à partir de PT = 0,9 m. Les poids vifs prédits ont varié entre 30,56 ± 3,71 et 174,02 ± 3,01 kg pour les mâles et 32,37 ± 3,67 et 168,80 ± 2,90 kg pour les femelles. Un modèle de croissance a été calculé pour les chamelons âgés de 15 à 180 jours. Aucun effet du sexe ou de la vermifugation de la mère dans les 500 jours précédant la mise bas (indicateur de l'état sanitaire et nutritionnel) n'a été mis en évidence. En revanche, les chamelons nés en saison des pluies et en début de saison sèche étaient 10 p. 100 plus lourds et croissaient 10 p. 100 plus vite que les chameIons nés en saison sèche chaude (p < 0,01). Les gains moyens quotidiens ont été faibles, respectivement 318 et 289 g/j en saisons favorable et défavorable, et caractéristiques des systèmes d'élevage extensifs.
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Choi, Kim, Chu, Noh, Lee, Kwon, Oh und Kim. „Enhanced Photon Emission Efficiency Using Surface Plasmon Effect of Pt Nanoparticles in Ultra-Violet Emitter“. Micromachines 10, Nr. 8 (09.08.2019): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10080528.
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We demonstrate the surface plasmon (SP)-enhanced ultraviolet (UV) emitter using Pt nanoparticles (NPs). The UV emitter is hole-patterned on the p-AlGaN layer to consider the penetration depth of Pt NPs. The Pt NPs with sizes under 50 nm are required to realize the plasmonic absorption in UV wavelength. In this study, we confirm the average Pt NP sizes of 10 nm, 20 nm, and 25 nm, respectively, at an annealing temperature of 600 °C. The absorption of annealed Pt NPs is covered with the 365-nm wavelength. The electroluminescence intensity of SP-UV is 70% higher than that of reference UV emitter without hole-patterns and Pt NPs. This improvement can be attributed to the increase of spontaneous emission rate through resonance coupling between the excitons in multiple quantum wells and Pt NPs deposited on the p-AlGaN layer.
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Chakraborty, Surajit, und Tae-Woo Kim. „Comprehensive Schottky Barrier Height Behavior and Reliability Instability with Ni/Au and Pt/Ti/Pt/Au on AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors“. Micromachines 13, Nr. 1 (04.01.2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010084.
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The reliability instability of inhomogeneous Schottky contact behaviors of Ni/Au and Pt/Ti/Pt/Au gate contacts on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) was investigated via off-state stress and temperature. Under the off-state stress condition, Pt/Ti/Pt/Au HEMT showed abruptly reduced reverse leakage current, which improved the Schottky barrier height (SBH) from 0.46 to 0.69 eV by suppression of the interfacial donor state. As the temperature increased, the reverse leakage current of the Pt/Ti/Pt/Au AlGaN/GaN HEMT at 308 K showed more reduction under the same off-state stress condition while that of the Ni/Au AlGaN/GaN HEMT increased. However, with temperatures exceeding 308 K under the same off-state stress conditions, the reverse leakage current of the Pt/Ti/Pt/Au AlGaN/GaN HEMT increases, which can be intensified using the inverse piezoelectric effect. Based on this phenomenon, the present work reveals the necessity for analyzing the concurrent SBH and reliability instability due to the interfacial trap states of the MS contacts.
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WANG, LONGHAI, JUN YU, WEIMING YANG, YUNBO WANG und JUNXIONG GAO. „EFFECT OF EXCESS Pb IN PT LAYERS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND DIELECTRIC CHARACTERISTIC OF PT/PZT/PT THIN FILMS“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 75, Nr. 1 (Oktober 2005): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580500414333.
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Wang, Ruoping, und Kristen A. Fichthorn. „An Investigation of Adsorption-Induced Smoothing Mechanisms in Pt/Pt(111) Homoepitaxy“. Molecular Simulation 11, Nr. 2-4 (Oktober 1993): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927029308022503.
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Kim, Nam Kyeong, Woo Seok Yang, Seung Jin Yeom, Soon Yong Kweon, Eun Seok Choi und Jae Sung Roh. „Stacked Pt/BLT/Pt/IrOx/Ir capacitor for high density feram“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 39, Nr. 1-4 (Januar 2001): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580108011930.
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JIA, ZE, TIAN-ZHI LIU, HONG HU, TIAN-LING REN, ZHI-GANG ZHANG, DAN XIE und LI-TIAN LIU. „IMPRINT AND FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF Pt/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3/Pt CAPACITOR“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 85, Nr. 1 (November 2006): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580601085677.
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Xia, Yuzhen, Hangwei Lei, Chuanfu Sun, Xiaohao Wen, Zichen Wang, Guilin Hu und Baizeng Fang. „Enhanced Ageing Performance of Sulfonic Acid-Grafted Pt/C Catalysts“. Micromachines 13, Nr. 11 (26.10.2022): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111825.
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Chemical functionalization of carbon support for Pt catalysts is a promising way to enhance the performance of catalysts. In this study, Pt/C catalysts grafted with various amounts of phenylsulfonic acid groups were prepared under mild conditions. The influence of sulfonic acid groups on the physiochemical characteristics and electrochemical activities of the modified catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a transmission electron microscope, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The presence of the chemical groups enhanced the hydrogen adsorption onto/desorption off the Pt surface during the CV cycling. In contrast, the hydrogen peaks of the grafted catalysts increased after 500 CV cycles, especially for Pt (111) facets. The highest electrochemical surface area (ECSA) after the aging test was obtained for the catalyst with 18.0 wt.% graft, which was ca. 87.3% higher than that of the non-functionalized Pt catalyst. In the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, it was proven that SO3H adsorption on the crystalline was beneficial for Pt stability. The adsorption energy and bond distance of the adsorbed SO3H on Pt (110), (100), and (111) surfaces were calculated. All the stable configurations were obtained when O from S-O single bond or S was bound to the Pt surface, with the adsorption energy following the trend of (111)F > (100)H > (110)H. This result was consistent with the ECSA experiment, which explained the high electrochemical stability of the sulfonic acid groups-grafted Pt/C catalyst.
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Zhong, Chaorong, Ruijuan Qi, Yonghui Zheng, Yan Cheng, Wenxiong Song und Rong Huang. „The Relationships of Microscopic Evolution to Resistivity Variation of a FIB-Deposited Platinum Interconnector“. Micromachines 11, Nr. 6 (12.06.2020): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060588.
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Depositing platinum (Pt) interconnectors during the sample preparation process via a focused ion beam (FIB) system is an inescapable procedure for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. To achieve good electrical contact and avoid irreversible damage in practical samples, the microscopic evolution mechanism of FIB-deposited Pt interconnectors need a more comprehensive understanding, though it is known that its resistivity could be affected by thermal annealing. In this work, an electron-beam FIB-deposited Pt interconnector was studied by advanced spherical aberration (Cs)-corrected TEM combined with an in situ heating and biasing system to clarify the relationship of microscopic evolution to resistivity variation. During the heating process, the Pt interconnector underwent crystallization, organic matter decomposition, Pt nanocrystal growth, grain connection, and conductive path formation, which are combined actions to cause several orders of magnitude of resistivity reduction. The comprehensive understanding of the microscopic evolution of FIB-deposited Pt material is beneficial, not only for optimizing the resistance performance of Pt as an interconnector, but also for understanding the role of C impurities with metal materials. For the purpose of wiring, annealed electron-beam (EB)-deposited Pt material can be recommended for use as an interconnector in devices for research purposes.
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Wang, Yongjie, Yang Li, Xinli Xiong, Jingye Zhang, Qian Yao und Chuanxin Shen. „DQfD-AIPT: An Intelligent Penetration Testing Framework Incorporating Expert Demonstration Data“. Security and Communication Networks 2023 (04.05.2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5834434.
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The application of reinforcement learning (RL) methods of artificial intelligence for penetration testing (PT) provides a solution to the current problems of high labour costs and high reliance on expert knowledge for manual PT. In order to improve the efficiency of RL algorithms for PT, existing research has considered bringing in the knowledge of PT experts and combining it with the use of imitative learning methods to guide the agent in its decision-making. However, the disadvantage of using imitation learning is also obvious; that is, the performance of the strategies learned by the agent hardly exceeds the demonstrated behaviour of the expert and it can also cause expert knowledge overfitting. At the same time, the expert knowledge in the currently proposed method is poorly interpretable and highly scenario-dependent. The expert knowledge used in these methods is not universal. To address these issues, we propose an intelligent PT framework named DQfD-AIPT. The framework encompasses the process of collecting and using expert knowledge and provides a rational definition of the structure of expert knowledge. To solve the overfitting problem, we perform PT path planning based on the deep Q-learning from demonstrations (DQfD) algorithm. DQfD combines the benefits of RL and imitation learning to effectively improve the PT strategy and performance of agents while avoiding overfitting. Finally, we conducted experiments in a simulated network scenario containing honeypots. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of expert knowledge incorporation. In addition, the DQfD algorithm can improve the efficiency of penetration testing more effectively than that by the classical deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method and can obtain a higher cumulative reward. Not only that, due to the incorporation of expert knowledge, in scenarios with honeypots, the DQfD method can effectively reduce the probability of interacting with honeypots compared to the classical DRL method.
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Sun, Fei, Tingfeng Ma, Pengfei Kang, Yuming Yao, Ning Gan, Lili Yuan, Wenhui Hu, Iren Kuznetsova und Ilya Nedospasov. „Pure- and Pseudo-Lateral-Field-Excitation Characteristics of Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystal PMN-PT“. Micromachines 14, Nr. 6 (28.05.2023): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061136.
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The relaxor ferroelectric single crystal (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) has high piezoelectric constants, and thus has a good application prospect in the field of highly sensitive piezoelectric sensors. In this paper, for relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT, the bulk acoustic wave characteristics on pure- and pseudo-lateral-field-excitation (pure- and pseudo-LFE) modes are investigated. LFE piezoelectric coupling coefficients and acoustic wave phase velocities for PMN-PT crystals in different cuts and electric field directions are calculated. On this basis, the optimal cuts of pure-LFE and pseudo-LFE modes of relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT are obtained, namely, (zxt)45° and (zxtl)90°/90°, respectively. Finally, finite element simulations are carried out to verify the cuts of pure-LFE and pseudo-LFE modes. The simulation results show that the PMN-PT acoustic wave devices in pure-LFE mode have good energy-trapping effects. For PMN-PT acoustic wave devices in pseudo-LFE mode, when the device is in air, no obvious energy-trapping emerges; when the water (as a virtual electrode) is added to the surface of the crystal plate, an obvious resonance peak and the energy-trapping effect appears. Therefore, the PMN-PT pure-LFE device is suitable for gas-phase detections. While the PMN-PT pseudo-LFE device is suitable for liquid-phase detections. The above results verify the correctness of the cuts of the two modes. The research results provide an important basis for the development of highly sensitive LFE piezoelectric sensors based on relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT.
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Żbikowska, Małgorzata. „A few reflections on the book: Position of an expert in the Polish legal system, Ed . B. Lewandowski, Warsaw 2016“. Acta Iuris Stetinensis 20 (2017): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ais.2017.20-09.
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M.S, Susmitha, Veena S. und Ramesh Babu K. „Comparative Evaluation of Three Cytological Grading Systems for Carcinoma Breast“. Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 6, Nr. 2 (Part-2) (2017): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.62(pt-ii)17.20.
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Panier, Wisnique. „Réception et participation des auditeurs haïtiens à l’ère du numérique“. Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 9, Nr. 1 (15.06.2020): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v9.n1.2020.422.
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FR. Cette étude analyse les changements dans les relations entre les publics des radios et des journalistes haïtiens sous l’influence des technologies numériques. Ces dernières donnent-elles une plus grande place au public dans le système radiophonique ? Changent-elles certaines clauses du contrat de communication qui lie les journalistes ou les animateurs et les publics des radios haïtiennes ? Cette étude s’inscrit dans une perspective systémique et fondée sur une analyse qualitative des données d’entretien et d’observation. Les résultats de cette étude relèvent que le numérique favorise de nouvelles formes de réception des informations et de participation des membres de l’auditoire dans les émissions radiophoniques de débat. Néanmoins, les changements observés ne conduisent pas à une transformation du contrat de communication publique qui relie les différents partenaires d’échange. Les clauses fondamentales du contrat ou les paramètres fondamentaux des émissions sont inchangés. Certes, il y a un élargissement des modalités de participation aux émissions radiophoniques de débats, mais cette participation reste et demeure l’apanage des auditeurs lettrés. Donc, le numérique ne permet pas de révolutionner cet état de fait. Les nouvelles formes de participation comme les formes traditionnelles sont toujours profitables à une élite, particulièrement politique, mais qui est plus élargie. Les principaux changements se produisent en dehors des ondes, c’est-à-dire, avec les nouvelles formes de participation qui se tiennent via les réseaux sociaux. Sur le plan de la réception, le numérique permet à une grande partie du public d’écouter les émissions où il veut, quand il veut et sur le support désiré. Il n’est plus question d’attendre la reprise d’une émission ratée. Elles sont en grande partie disponibles en baladodiffusion.
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EN. This study analyzes the changes in the relationships between radio audiences and Haitian journalists in the age of digital technology. Do these technologies offer the public a more substantial place in the radio system? Do they change clauses of the communication contract that bind journalists or broadcasters and audiences of Haitian radio stations? This study deploys a systemic perspective and is based on a qualitative analysis of interviews and observation data. The results of this study demonstrate that digital technology is fostering new forms of news reception and audience participation in radio talk shows. However, the changes observed do not lead to a transformation of the public communication contract which links the different partners. The fundamental clauses of the contract and the fundamental parameters of the issues are unchanged. Admittedly, there is a widening of the methods of participation in the radio broadcasts of debates, but this participation remains the prerogative of literate listeners, so digitization does not revolutionize this state of affairs. New forms of participation, like traditional forms, are profitable for an elite, particularly political, only broader. The main changes are happening off-air, that is, with new forms of participation that take place via social media. In terms of reception, digital technology allows audiences to listen to programs where they want, when they want and on the desired medium. There is no longer a need to wait for a rerun of a show as they are largely available as podcasts.
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PT. Este estudo analisa as mudanças na relação entre o público de rádio e os jornalistas haitianos sob a influência das tecnologias digitais. As tecnologias digitais estariam abrindo mais espaço ao público na rádio? Estariam elas alterando certas cláusulas do contrato de comunicação entre jornalistas ou apresentadores e o público das rádios haitianas? Esse estudo parte de uma perspectiva sistêmica baseada em uma análise qualitativa dos dados colhidos em entrevistas e observação. Os resultados revelam que a tecnologia digital está promovendo novas formas de recepção das informações e de participação da audiência em programas de debate radiofônicos. No entanto, as mudanças observadas não acarretam uma transformação do contrato de comunicação pública entre os diferentes parceiros da troca. As cláusulas fundamentais do contrato e os parâmetros básicos dos programas permanecem inalterados. Há certamente uma ampliação das modalidades de participação em programas de debate radiofônicos, mas essa participação continua sendo majoritariamente de ouvintes alfabetizados. Portanto, a tecnologia digital não torna possível revolucionar esse estado de coisa. As novas formas de participação, bem como as formas tradicionais, sempre beneficiam uma elite, particularmente a política, ainda que essa seja ampliada. As principais mudanças vêm ocorrendo fora das ondas, ou seja, com as novas formas de participação promovidas pelas redes sociais. Em termos de recepção, a tecnologia digital permite que grande parte do público ouça os programas onde quiser, quando quiser e na mídia que quiser. Não é mais preciso esperar a retransmissão de um programa perdido, a maioria estando disponível nos podcasts.
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Suenaga, Kazufumi, Kiyoshi Ogata, Hiromichi Waki und Mitsuhiro Mori. „Degradation of Pt/PLZT/Pt capacitors caused by hydrogen in interlayer dielectrics“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 31, Nr. 1-4 (November 2000): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580008215665.
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Kołodziejczak, Anna. „Wprowadzenie“. Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna 15, Nr. 61 (14.12.2022): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rrpr.2022.61.01.
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Przedstawiamy Państwu nr 61 czasopisma „Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna” przygotowywanego przez Wydział Geografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Tom stanowi zbiór ośmiu artykułów opracowanych przez autorów z ośrodków naukowych z całej Polski. Cztery z nich zostały napisane przez uczestników seminarium pt. „Zielona i niebieska infrastruktura na obszarach wiejskich”, które odbyło się w Muzeum Narodowym Rolnictwa i Przemysłu Rolno-Spożywczego w Szreniawie w dniu 20 października 2021 r. i było XV edycją z cyklu „Rozwójobszarów wiejskich”. Zostało zorganizowane przez Zakłady Geografii Rolnictwa i Wsi oraz Geografii Kompleksowej, Stację Ekologiczną UAM oraz Stowarzyszenie Geodetów Polskich Oddział Wielkopolski w Poznaniu. Cztery pozostałe artykuły są opracowane w formie variów. W tomie tym autorzy poruszają problematykę zielonej infrastruktury, wyzwań związanych z analizą suburbanizacji mieszkaniowej na obszarach podmiejskich, możliwości powiatu, które mogłyby wpłynąć na poprawę jakości planowania przestrzennego, kierunków naukowej debaty nad systemem planowania przestrzennego w okresie PRL oraz aktualnych zagadnień dotyczących polityki w zakresie usług edukacyjnych.