Dissertationen zum Thema „Système multi-piles à combustible“
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Tekin, Mestan. „Contribution à l'optimisation énergétique d'un système pile à combustible embarqué“. Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with fuel cell (FC) generator developments for transportation applications. FC main advantages are essentially their low level of pollution and their potential of higher fuel efficiency. So, FC technology is being developed as a potential alternative to the conventional internal combustion engine vehicle and proposes a real opportunity to build a clean vehicle. However, before seeing FC vehicles on the market, many technological bolts must be removed. Among them, energy optimization of the complete FC system still remains to be improved. Indeed, ancillary circuits of FC generator, necessary to its correct operation, put a great strain on overall system efficiency. Among these ancillaries, air supply circuit based on motor-compressor group is the most power-hungry. Consequently, in order to reduce motor-compressor group energy consumption and by this fact to increase the overall system efficiency, three action levels were considered on air supply circuit. The first one is the choice of compressor and driven motors technologies suitable for fuel cell transportation applications. To reach this aim, a non-lubricated rotary vane compressor and a brushless machine were chosen to supply with air a proton exchange membrane type FC. The second one is the elaboration of an air flow controller which allows supplying just the required air quantity to FC. A non-linear type regulator was therefore developed using fuzzy logic. Finally, the last action was carried on motor-compressor management and on its air flow solicitation evaluation for an embedded FC system. This energy management of the motor-compressor was optimized thanks to particle swarm optimization method
Zuo, Jian. „Développement de stratégies de gestion conjointe de la détérioration et de de l'énergie pour un système multi-piles à combustible PEM“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALT077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuel cell systems offer a sustainable solution to electrical power generation in the transportation sector, even if they still encounter reliability and durability issues. Resorting to Multi-stack Fuel Cells systems (MFC) instead of single fuel cells is a promising solution to overcome these limitations by optimally distributing the power demand among the different stacks while taking into account their state of health, by means of an efficient Energy Management Strategy (EMS). In this work, different strategies have been developed for vehicle applications, with the objective of optimizing the fuel cell system lifetime.The first challenge is to develop a model linking the deterioration trend of each stack with the power delivered by the stack, so as to predict the effect of a load allocation on each stack deterioration, and thus make a relevant post-prognostics decision. Several stochastic deterioration models, from the classical Gamma process model to more complex models with random effects are developed and tailored to the fuel cell specificities. Based on these models, several post-prognostics decision-making strategies for an MFC are proposed and, for each of them, the associated optimization problem is formulated.First, under a constant load profile, taking into consideration both the expected whole fuel consumption and the expected deterioration in the decision-making process, a deterioration-aware energy management strategy is proposed for a three-stack fuel cell system. The multi-objective optimization problem associated to this strategy is solved using an evolutionary algorithm, giving the optimized load allocations among stacks. The average lifetime obtained under the proposed strategy is demonstrated to be larger than those resulting from the classical Average Load and Daisy Chain strategies.Furthermore, under a random dynamic load profile, taking into consideration the deterioration phenomena due to both the load magnitude and the load variations, an event-based decision-making strategy is built for a two-stack fuel cell system. The optimal load allocations are obtained by minimizing the objective function which is estimated based on the prevision of the future system deterioration. An investigation on the influence of the random dynamic loads on the proposed strategy performance shows that the average lifetime obtained with unknown event duration is close to that with known event duration, which proves the robustness of the proposed strategy. Moreover, it is shown that the average system lifetime is increased when compared to the case with an Average Load strategy, on several different stochastic deterioration models.Lastly, a more exploratory study opening research perspectives in the case where the multi-stack system is composed of three stacks, only two of which are operating at the same time. To optimize the lifetime of the stacks, while meeting the load demand, the EMS must also optimize the start and stop of the different stacks. In fact, the optimization of stack replacement is also required for a long-term operation task. Therefore, this study opens the way to maintenance approaches to multi-stack systems
Le, Thi Chi. „Production d’hydrogène par un système de reformage de bioéthanol en vue de l’alimentation d’une pile à combustible PEM“. Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENMP1559.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions context, the use of hydrogen is a promising solution since it is a clean source of energy. Therefore, PEM fuel cells that convert hydrogen into electricity by an electrochemical way, appear to be a future alternative for automotive, portable or stationary applications. Because the storage and distribution of hydrogen actually still show difficulties, the on-board hydrogen production from bio-ethanol reforming – an environmentally friendly fuel – is an alternative solution. Therefore, a new kind of power plant has been designed in this work. It is mainly made up of a bio-ethanol steam reforming unit, a reformate purification system based on a hydrogen permeating membrane, a PEM fuel cell and a burner fed by the non-permeated gases. The benefit of using a membrane instead of a classical chemical purification way is that it considerably reduces the volume of the system. In this work, theoretical simulations of different architectures of power plants have shown the interest of using a membrane power plant instead of a chemical purification power plant in terms of global energetic yield and dimensions. Furthermore, an experimental setup made of reforming and membrane purification units has been designed and built, and experiments have been carried out to develop a kinetic model of the bio-ethanol steam reforming and a permeance model, in order to design these units. Based on these models, two membrane power plants are proposed: the first one is optimized for automotive application; the second one is optimized for stationary or small portable power use, with the best compromise between performance and dimensions
Massonnat, Pierre. „Développement d'un modèle multi physique multidimensionnel de pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de proton en temps réel pour système embarqué“. Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0268/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fuel cell is an electric generator which uses an electrochemical effect discovered in 18 century by ChristianSchönbein. This technology has gotten successively periods of development and periods of void in the pastdecades. After the petrol barrel price rising and the people¿s awareness of environmental problem such asgreenhouse effect, the research in fuel cell field has been increasing constantly. Its higher efficiency compared tothermal technology to produce electricity, the possibility to use no fossil fuel and no pollution final products make thefuel cell an attractive substitution candidate for energy production. However, its cost, life time, power density andother problems related to the fuel storage do not allow it to replace immediately the actual technology which is elderand benefit about scale economy effect. Thus, the fuel cell technology must be improved to become economicallyviable.One of the ways to do it, is to model the fuel cell in order to reflect, analyze and better understand its behavior with aminimal cost. Unfortunately, the fuel cell is a complex system which combines fluidic, thermic and electrochemicaleffects. In literature, many one dimensional real time models have been developed. But to analyze and predict localphenomena, a 2 dimensional model is needed. However, the general two dimensional models use finite elementcalculation methods that cannot be done in real time due to their complex mathematical calculation. In spirit toovercome this calculation complexity problem, the challenge of this thesis is defined: develop a 2 dimensional modelwho are able to be executed in real time on an ordinary computer or an embedded system.In order to achieve the desired real time performance, the physical, mathematical and computer concepts of realtime 2D fuel cell model are developed, combined and integrated with specific organization methods in a C languageprogram which does not requires an important calculation power or memory to run. All the modeling assumptionsand the modified mathematic methods are implanted following an innovative modeling approach.Finally, a 2D, multiphysique, multidimensional real time fuel cell model is developed and its parameters are adjustedwith a real fuel cell stack from different experiments. The results are then analyzed with a structured observationmethod with conclusions given at last
Silva, Sanchez Rosa Elvira. „Contribution au pronostic de durée de vie des systèmes piles à combustible PEMFC“. Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work aims to provide solutions for the limited lifetime of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems (PEM-FCS) based on two complementary disciplines:A first approach consists in increasing the lifetime of the PEM-FCS by designing and implementing a Prognostics & Health Management (PHM) architecture. The PEM-FCS are essentially multi-physical systems (electrical, fluid, electrochemical, thermal, mechanical, etc.) and multi-scale (time and space), thus its behaviors are hardly understandable. The nonlinear nature of phenomena, the reversibility or not of degradations and the interactions between components makes it quite difficult to have a failure modeling stage. Moreover, the lack of homogeneity (actual) in the manufacturing process makes it difficult for statistical characterization of their behavior. The deployment of a PHM solution would indeed anticipate and avoid failures, assess the state of health, estimate the Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) of the system and finally consider control actions (control and/or maintenance) to ensure operation continuity.A second approach proposes to use a passive hybridization of the PEMFC with Ultra Capacitors (UC) to operate the fuel cell closer to its optimum operating conditions and thereby minimize the impact of aging. The UC appear as an additional source to the PEMFC due to their high power density, their capacity to charge/discharge rapidly, their reversibility and their long life. If we take the example of fuel cell hybrid electrical vehicles, the association between a PEMFC and UC can be performed using a hybrid of active or passive type system. The overall behavior of the system depends on both, the choice of the architecture and the positioning of these elements in connection with the electric charge. Today, research in this area focuses mainly on energy management between the sources and embedded storage and the definition and optimization of a power electronic interface designated to adjust the flow of energy between them. However, the presence of power converters increases the source of faults and failures (failure of the switches of the power converter and the impact of high frequency current oscillations on the aging of the PEMFC), and also increases the energy losses of the entire system (even if the performance of the power converter is high, it nevertheless degrades the overall system)
Talj, Reine. „Modélisation et commandes non linéaires du système d’air des piles à combustible type PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane)“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the air supply system of PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cells. The first part treats modelling, and consist on the reduction of the 4th order dynamical model into a simpler 3rd order one. The latter has been validated experimentally with a relative error less than 5%. The reduced model has been decomposed into the interconnection of 3 subsystems, with one of them being output strictly passive; and a cascaded control structure has been designed. A passivity based stability study results in a general methodology for tuning any controller, with guaranteed stability of the closed-loop system. Moreover, another stability study, based on the monotonicity characteristics of the system, shows that the system is locally asymptotically stabilisable around any equilibrium point, with a simple proportional or proportional-integral controller, if the feedback variable is well chosen. Many control laws have been designed to regulate the compressor air flow and the oxygen stoechiometry. The used controllers are higher order sliding mode, rst, ip, backstepping, and ors (output regulation subspaces). Experimental validation proves the performance of the second order sliding mode control, precisely, the super-twisting algoritm with variable gains
Marsala, Giuseppe. „Modélisation et réalisation d'un émulateur de système de piles à combustibles : développement des stratégies et des lois de commande“. Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with modelling of a PEM-Fuel Cell System (FCS) for power generation in an electrical vehicle. The goal of the research is the construction of an emulator of the PEM Fuel Cell stack, that of a device having the same behaviour as the real system, and the development of command strategies for the FCS. After a bibliographical study of the models of Fuel Cell stack, a buck converter structure has been chosen and then implemented to build the emulator. The novelty of this thesis is that all the auxiliary components of a FCS have been considered in a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) fashion by using a DSPACE development platform. Several command strategies have been implemented and assessed by using the emulator, which has been designed with a high bandwidth. The voltage control of the emulator has been accomplished by using the “State Variable Feedback”, which is a pole-placement technique for achieving the desired bandwidth and dynamical and steady-state performance. The particular case of control of the air-management system has been considered and used to asses the emulator. Actually several control strategies (static feedforward, PI) have been studied and their results compared also by using a novel neural network based command strategy. This neural network implements the inversion of the relationship between the compressor speed and the “oxygen excess ratio”, whose regulation is a key issue for preventing the oxygen starvation of the membrane
Suárez, Santiago Hernán. „Gestion de l'énergie d'un système de piles à combustible alimenté par un réservoir d'hydrogène à hydrure métallique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCA019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work is part of the contribution to the scientific and technological advancement of the use of renewable energies based on a PEMFC fuel cell system powered by hydrogen from a metal hydride tank. The first part of the work was devoted to the characterisation of two commercial tanks of this technology with emphasis on their performance degradation. Stochastic methods were used to study the impact of cycling (charge/discharge) on the variation of the tanks' intrinsic parameters. In a second part, the results of this study were implemented through an energy model of the tank developed under the MATLAB /Simulink environment. The model was validated experimentally on a specially designed test bench. The ageing phenomenon was highlighted, providing a significant advance, particularly with a view to the industrialisation of this type of solution. Finally, the thermo-fluidic coupling between the fuel cell and the hydride tank was experimented, modelled and numerically simulated
Wahdame, Bouchra. „Analyse et optimisation du fonctionnement de piles à combustible par la méthode des plans d'expériences“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163317.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe mémoire est divisé en six chapitres. Après un bref aperçu du fonctionnement d'une PàC et de ses contraintes (premier chapitre), l'auteur donne les éléments essentiels de la méthodologie des PE nécessaires à la compréhension de la suite du travail (deuxième chapitre). Un plan destiné à étudier l'influence des débits et des pressions, côté hydrogène et côté air, sur la puissance maximale de la pile a été réalisé sur une pile PEM 500W utilisée en mode régulation de pression (troisième chapitre). Le plan complet comporte seize essais. Les analyses de la variance pour le plan complet et pour le plan fractionnaire (huit expériences choisies judicieusement parmi les seize réalisées) ont conduit à des résultats sensiblement identiques, à savoir une influence majeure du facteur débit d'air sur le niveau de puissance maximal atteint par la pile étudiée. Les plans et les outils logiciels mis au point ont ensuite été développés et utilisés pour analyser des résultats expérimentaux collectés sur une pile PEM 5kW (chapitre quatre). Les analyses réalisées permettent de cerner clairement et d'exprimer quantitativement, pour différents niveaux de courant de charge, les incidences des paramètres température de stack, pressions et surstoechiométries des gaz réactifs sur les performances de la PàC. Une modélisation statistique de la tension de pile en fonction des paramètres étudiés est mise en œuvre pour optimiser les conditions de fonctionnement de la pile. Le cinquième chapitre est consacré à l'analyse par la Méthode des Surfaces de Réponse (MSR) de résultats expérimentaux issus d'un essai d'endurance d'une PàC 100W ayant fonctionné en régime stationnaire pendant 1000 heures. Cette étude a notamment permis de montrer l'intérêt d'adopter des surstoechiométries variables au cours du temps pour aboutir d'une part à des performances élevées en terme de tension de pile et d'autre part à une diminution de la variabilité des tensions de cellules. Le dernier chapitre montre comment les PE peuvent contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes physiques intervenant dans les PàC. Trois domaines sont considérés : les pertes de charge dans les plaques bipolaires distributrices des gaz réactifs, l'impact de l'humidification sur la variation de la résistance interne de la pile et le vieillissement à une température de fonctionnement supérieure à la valeur nominale.
L'ensemble des travaux réalisés montre comment la méthode des plans d'expériences peut être un moyen approprié pour caractériser, analyser et améliorer le système complexe que représente un générateur PàC.
Ketep, Françoise. „Piles à combustible microbiennes pour la production d'électricité couplée au traitement des eaux de l'industrie papetière“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis was to assess the feasibility of the microbial fuel cell technology for the production of electrical energy coupled with the treatment of pulp and paper effluents. The first part of work showed that various pulp and paper effluents are suitable to form efficient anodic biofilms. When the effluent was supplemented with acetate and the anode polarized between at -0.3 V/SCE, current densities of 12 A/m² and Coulombic efficiencies up to 90% were obtained. When effluents were provided as the sole substrate, current densities reached 6 A/m² and Coulombic efficiencies 30%, with COD removal around 50%. The optimal anodic biofilms were associated with associated with abiotic air cathodes to design complete microbial fuel cells. Power densities from 294 mW/m² to 596 mW/m² were obtained with two different effluents
Dalet, Corinne. „Gestion de l'eau dans un système pile à combustible pour traction automobile : transferts couplés dans un humidificateur membranaire“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10136/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis report presents a synthesis of works carried out in order to solve the water management problematic in a PEM fuel cell system. An analysis of the different components of the system air line, and more specifically the membrane humidifier, is realized in order to determine the architecture allowing the optimal moisture content of air upstream the fuel cell whatever the operating conditions. This study involves the description and the understanding of coupled heat and mass transfers within the humidifier, through numerical and experimental approaches. The numerical section contains a model of coupled transfer through a Nafion membrane. Associated with a thermodynamic analysis of the humidifier, it allows to define two parameters characterizing respectively the mass exchanges and the heat transfers, according to the inlet conditions of the fluids or as well as to the exchanger geometry. These parameters turn out to be useful design tools. The experimental section allows to estimate the interactions between a fuel cell, the humidifier and the other air line components. Besides the analysis of components response to a current intensity variation, the investigations allowed to demonstrate that the operating conditions of the system is compatible with the chosen humidification technology
Siangsanoh, Apinya. „Conception et contrôle d'un système de gestion de piles à combustible avec des éléments de stockage distribués à supercondensateurs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA fuel cell is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel (H₂) to electricity through two electrochemical reactions. It consists of two electrodes (anode and cathode), two bipolar plates, gas diffusion layers, and an electrolyte. For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), the electrolyte is a polymer membrane allowing protons transport from the anode to the cathode. It is sandwiched between two catalyst layers to form the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). Gas diffusion layers (GDL) allow the diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen from the channels machined in the bipolar plates to the catalyst layers. At the anode side, hydrogen splits into protons and electrons (hydrogen oxidation). Protons cross the membrane, and the electrons go from the anode to the cathode through the GDL and through an external circuit connected to the load. At the cathode, oxygen molecules react with electrons and protons to produce water (oxygen reduction reaction). Many factors affect the fuel cell performances such as materials, design, and operating conditions. Gas supply to the electrodes is one of the main operating parameters and it is strongly linked to water and thermal managements. Due to its high time response, gas flow also has a major influence on the fuel cell behavior during high frequency power variations, and gas starvation is one of the main mechanisms related to fuel cell degradations.As durability of PEMFC has a key role in the acceptance of it as a feasible power source, the objective of the thesis is to develop a fuel cell power source in order to reach better performances and to decrease the degradations related to the dynamic operations. The new power electronic architecture is based on a modular configuration in which the global fuel cell source is separated into several stacks each being composed with few cells.Each stack is connected to its own converter to form a modular system, and the output of several modular systems is connected in series to supply energy to the load. This configuration is expected to give better reliability and durability performance compared with the configurations involving a single converter. Since the power dynamics of the fuel cell is low, hybridization with a rapid power response storage device, such as supercapacitor (SC) is necessary for the high bandwidth load. In order to increase the efficiency of the global system and to allow an optimal utilization of SC, a serial topology for hybridization is proposed in this study, where isolated converter is placed in series between the fuel cell and SC. This hybridization is applied at the modular level, the SC being distributed into all modular hybrid system. The voltage across the series converter has to be controlled so that the energy transfer from the fuel cell to supercapacitor occurs smoothly. All the SC will supply energy to the load through an adapted DC/DC converter specially design to own power flow freedom degree which is a requirement for implementing a Fuel Cell Management system. The proposed system is validated through the simulation and experimental results
Ketep, Francoise. „Piles à combustible microbiennes pour la production d'électricité couplée au traitement des eaux de l'industrie papetière“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenbouzid, Salim. „Synthèse d'un contrôleur multivariable pour un système de traction pile à combustible“. Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECLI0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew scientific and technical breakthroughs as global energetic constraints show the way for fuel cells (fc) as a potential candidate for on-board electric generators supplying energy for automotive traction. Fc appear as a fine system with high theoretical efficiency as well as a direct electricity power production from hydrogen with zero local emission (water production only). Nevertheless, ancillaries’ components have to be added and controlled in order to follow the fc to work properly, thus reducing the overall system efficiency. Hence, this thesis proposes a control approach to optimize the fc system efficiency for vehicle traction ensuring system and environment safety. The first step addresses dynamical modelling of the fc itself governed by coupled nonlinear physical laws and the ancillaries’ components in order to build a representative model for the system. Multi domain bond graph is used for this purpose. Secondly, a hierarchical control approach is proposed. The high level consists in optimizing the system efficiency and giving references for the low level (component). At this low level, several sliding modes controls are synthesised to regulate the fc operative conditions despite model uncertainties. The interest of this work is then shown by simulation tests using the overall system model
Sandoval, torres Cinda Luz. „Contrôle d’une source d’énergie hybride : Pile à combustible-Supercondensateur“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEnergy generation from fossil fuels combustion is predicted to have severe future impacts in the world’s economy and ecology. Fuel cells and supercapacitors are an alternative power source, environmentally friendly.This dissertation presents a regulation architecture developed to coordinate a hybrid renewable source for typical solicitations of electric vehicles in a scaled operating range of 1 kW. The hybrid system is composed of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell module, a supercapacitors bank and their respective power conditioning units. In order to optimize the overall operation, the proposed strategy is organized into three hierarchical levels, and the power demand for each energy source is determined in real time with a basis on a frequency distribution and a cutoff frequency, defined in accordance with the dynamical capabilities of the sources.Even if numerous researches have been reported on the subject, few studies have taken into account the proper dynamics of each source in order to optimize the global performance of the hybrid power supply.The goal of this work is to implement a complete simulator integrating not only dynamical models of each energy source, but also dynamical models of the power conditioning units. The control strategy consists of nested loops, arranged in three functional levels of hierarchy. The central idea is to find the optimal set point for each energy source, according to their own physical properties. Contrary to the existing control strategies, this strategy dynamically calculates the appropriate power demand for each energy source. Due to the complexity of the system, cascade control loops are proposed, organized into blocks, according to the system functionality and dynamics.A functional simulation is obtained, where the system ensures the adequate supercapacitor state of charge and soft current demands to keep the fuel cell working in its safe operating region. Thus, lower fuel consumption and rapid response to load demands are guaranteed to improve efficiency.Results demonstrate that the control strategy allows the regulation of the DC bus voltage under UDDS and ECE-15 driving cycles as load profiles. The fuel cell works within its maximum efficiency region, without falling in the degradation zone. In addition, the supercapacitor state of charge remains within the recommended range
Payman, Alireza. „Contribution à la gestion d'énergie dans les systèmes hybrides multi-sources multi-charges“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL038N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with a nonlinear control strategy of an electrical hybrid system which is composed of a fuel cell as the main source and a supercapacitor bank as the auxiliary source. Any algorithm commutation is not used in the proposed control strategy whereas the system works in different operating modes. After a review of various structures of the electrical hybrid systems and different control methods of these systems, two new approaches are developed. The first one is flatness-based method to ensure the energy management in the proposed hybrid systems and generally in a multi source / multi loads system. The proposed strategy is based on generation of a reduced-order model of the system. The energy management is carried out through the reference trajectories of the stored electrostatic energy of the system. The effect of the proposed control method on design of the system components (inductors and capacitors) is explained. In the second approach, the total energy stored in the choppers is taken into account to control the load converters of a multi-source/multi load system by use of the input/output linearization method. A nonlinear observer is proposed to estimate the variation of voltage-power output characteristic of the fuel cell which leads to an optimal performance of the hybrid system. The simulation and experimental results prove validity of the proposed control strategy
Maker, Hattab. „Optimisation et gestion d'énergie pour un système hybride : association pile à combustible et supercondensateurs“. Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with contribution to problem solving of power management in fuel cell vehicle. This vehicle is equipped with a fuel cell PEMFC, used as the main source and a supercapacitors module as an auxiliary source. The adaptation levels of the voltage between sources and load in the vehicle requires two DC-DC converters, the first is a Boost, the second is a Buck / Boost, to regulate the DC link voltage and to impose the power required by the load. With an aim of establishing an optimal control of the power management in fuel cell vehicle. It is to calculate the reference power of the supercapacitors which minimizes energy provided by the fuel cell, starting from the power demanded from the load (motorization and auxiliaries). This control law must take into account the constraints imposed on the system. These constraints relate to the limitation of the power of the fuel cell and its dynamic response. The power management in fuel cell vehicle allow to determine the reference supercapacitors pack current trajectory which is regulated by sliding mode control via the bidirectional DC-DC converter. The dc link voltage is regulated also by sliding mode control via the unidirectional DC-DC converter
Romdhane, Jaouher. „Optimisation énergétique d'un système de micro-trigénération à pile à combustible“. Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC242.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is the energy optimization of the micro-cogeneration and micro-tri-generation fuel cell system. First, a mathematical modeling of all the components of the fuel cell cogeneration system was conducted. The influence of several parameters such as pressure and current density on micro-CHP system performance is examined. The energy and environmental relevance of the system for the French context is studied. Then, a numerical study of a tri-generation system consisting of a fuel cell and a single-acting H2O / Li-Br absorption machine was conducted. The micro-tri-generation unit is coupled to a single-family house and the energy performance of the system is evaluated. Finally, in order to evaluate the potential of coupling the tri-generation system with renewable energies, a hydrogen production system with photovoltaic panels «PV-H2» has been studied. A modeling of the various components of the "PV-H2" system has been carried out. The simulation results of the coupling of the «PV-H2» system with an individual house in the eco-district of La Glacerie are presented
Payman, Alireza. „Contribution à la gestion d'énergie dans les systèmes hybrides multi-sources multi-charges“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL038N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with a nonlinear control strategy of an electrical hybrid system which is composed of a fuel cell as the main source and a supercapacitor bank as the auxiliary source. Any algorithm commutation is not used in the proposed control strategy whereas the system works in different operating modes. After a review of various structures of the electrical hybrid systems and different control methods of these systems, two new approaches are developed. The first one is flatness-based method to ensure the energy management in the proposed hybrid systems and generally in a multi source / multi loads system. The proposed strategy is based on generation of a reduced-order model of the system. The energy management is carried out through the reference trajectories of the stored electrostatic energy of the system. The effect of the proposed control method on design of the system components (inductors and capacitors) is explained. In the second approach, the total energy stored in the choppers is taken into account to control the load converters of a multi-source/multi load system by use of the input/output linearization method. A nonlinear observer is proposed to estimate the variation of voltage-power output characteristic of the fuel cell which leads to an optimal performance of the hybrid system. The simulation and experimental results prove validity of the proposed control strategy
Rodosik, Sandrine. „Etude de l'impact d'architectures fluidiques innovantes sur la gestion, la performance et la durabilité de systèmes de pile à combustible PEMFC pour les transports“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough hydrogen is booming, fuel cell electric vehicles are still rare on the market. Their high volume and complexity are still major hurdles to the development of PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) systems for transport applications. This PhD. work aimed at studying two new fluidic circuits that can both simplify and reduce the system volume. Namely, the cathodic recirculation, and the Ping-Pong, which is a new fluidic architecture that alternate the fuel feed locations during operation. The performances of both architectures have been studied experimentally in automotive conditions on a 5 kW system. A multiscale analysis was conducted to compare, with other known architectures, the performances of the system, the stack and the homogeneity of the cell voltages inside the stack. The study was completed with a Ping-Pong durability test to evaluate the impact of this new operation on the fuel cell stack. The experimental data have been analyzed at different scales up to the post-mortem expertise of membrane-electrode assemblies
Hubert, Charles-Emile. „Etude du fonctionnement et optimisation de la conception d’un système de pile à combustible PEM exploité en cogénération dans le bâtiment“. Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1349.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRomani, Nicolas. „Modélisation et commande du système d'alimentation en air pour le module de puissance d'un véhicule à pile à combustible avec reformeur embarqué“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112186.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis issues explained in this report concern physical modelling and multivariable control of a complex thermo-pneumatic system in an automotive context. Work has been led within the framework of an industrial collaboration between the Automatic Control Department of Supelec and the Research Department of Renault, and has for main application the air supply system of a fuel cell vehicle with on-board fuel reformer. It is necessary to state that design and control development of such a system determine in a significant way the characteristics and the performances of an electrical fuel cell vehicle, and that the complexity increases when the storage of high-pressure compressed hydrogen is substituted in the vehicle by the on-board production of reformed hydrogen. The various steps of the thesis have first permitted to develop representative and dynamic models of inherent nonlinearities and couplings of acoustic phenomena in the compressible fluids, and to identify the models of the various actuators and sensors specified for this application. A reduced model has been deduced from the global nonlinear model of the air system, and thus used as support of the analysis and the multivariable strategies synthesis. An important part of the work has consisted in setting up a test bench - representative of considered air supply system and well-adapted to future demands linked to vehicle integration. Thanks to this experimental means, the various components that should be integrated in the fuel cell system of the RESPIRE project have been evaluated, and the air system models and control laws developed during the thesis have been validated
Ramirez, Rivera Victor Manuel. „Energy management of lossy multi-port to fuel cell-based systems“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112087/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEfficient regulation of the energy transfer between generating, storage and load subsystems is a topic of current practical interest. A new strategy to achieve this objective, together with its corresponding power electronics implementation, was recently proposed in this thesis work. The device is called dynamic energy router (DER) because, in contrast with current practice, the regulation of the direction and rate of change of the power flow is done without relying on steady–state considerations. A key assumption for the correct operation of the DER is that dissipation in the system is negligible. Unfortunately, in the presence of dissipation the original DER ceases to be operational. In this thesis a new DER that takes into account the presence of losses is proposed. Simulation and experimental evidence of the performance improvement with the new DER are presented. As a complement of this work a global convergent estimator of parameters of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) was designing by using the principles or “Immersion and Invariance” recently reported in control theory
Baudoin, Sylvain. „Étude d’un système hybride pile à combustible / microturbine dans un contexte microréseau rural isolé“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0440/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRural areas, often far away from the main electric grid, are particularly suitablefor the deployment of microgrids (MG). This type of grid allows a restructuring oftoday's power grid in order to integrate more efficiently renewable power sources.Biogas, produced by anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes, is a renewable energyresource available in rural areas. This resource, easily stored in large quantities, isparticularly interesting for weak grids like a MG. Energy sources using biogas are morereliable and less dependent on stochastic phenomena such as wind or solarillumination.After a state of the art on the different technologies enhancing biogas, it is clearthat a hybrid system consisting of a SOFC type fuel cell and a microturbine (MT)achieves the best electric efficiency with low environmental impact.The overall objective of the thesis is to study the SOFC / MT system as themain power source in an isolated rural MG context. For this purpose, a model of thesystem was carried out by focusing on the elements that affect the dynamics of thesystem's electrical signals. The hybrid system was then sized in order to maintainoptimal electrical performance, and a unique 3LNPC multilevel converter is used tointegrate the hybrid system to the MG. As a fuel cell is sensitive to load changes(affecting its performance and lifespan), the first objective of the control strategyapplied to the 3LNPC converter is to regulate the power of the SOFC at its nominalvalue. The MG must be able to operate autonomously when islanded, thus the secondobjective of this strategy is to set the grid voltage and frequency.The controllers of the control strategy are designed paying particular attention tothe robustness. The operation of the SOFC / MT hybrid system, driven by a single3LNPC type converter equipped with an innovative control strategy, has been testedand validated in simulation and experimentally in the MG platform of ESTIAResearch
Attemene, N'guessan Stéphane. „Optimisation temps réel des flux énergétiques au sein d'un système multi-sources multi-charges basé sur les énergies d'origine renouvelable“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is focused on the real-time optimal control of a stand-alone system consisting of a photovoltaic generator, a PEM fuel cell, an alkaline electrolyzer, a battery and supercapacitor pack for a stationary application. The coupling of these different sources aims to improve performance, the availability of the resulting electrical grid, the supply of electricity over much longer periods, and especially the satisfaction of the load by using each source in a controlled way.First, a thorough study of the feasibility of the system from a technical, energetic, economic and environmental point of view is carried out. As a result, an optimal sizing method is proposed. A sensitivity analysis to evaluate the influence of subsystems cost and the size respectively on the overall energy cost and the equivalent CO2 emitted by the system is also discussed. Then, a model enabling easy scaling of components to achieve the capacity required for the system is developped. The global model of the system is obtained by exploiting the modularity of the formalism used for modeling (the Energetic Macroscopic Representation). Finally, an energy management method based on Energy consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is proposed. A comparative study of the results obtained by the ECMS and those obtained by dynamic programming has enabled the validation of the optimal control strategy developed
Collong, Sophie. „Conception des systèmes mécaniques complexes en comportement dynamique. Contribution à une démarche physico-fiabiliste à partir d'un système à pile à combustible pour véhicule électrique à hydrogène“. Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0283/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe integration of complex mechanical systems subject to stringent vibration environments requiresconsideration of the real conditions of use from the beginning of the design phase.The thesis shows that the vibration environment and the duration of exposure to this environmentdepend on the use of the system throughout its life cycle. The evaluation of its use is based on thejoint evolution of both the user behavior and the system technology development.The dependability analysis of a complex mechanical system leads to consider the system as a wholeand thus to investigate in depth the dynamic behavior of critical components. A basic modeling ofthe mechanical system allows to qualitatively and quantitatively identify key dynamic behaviors anddetermines the vibration loads to which selected critical components are subjected. On this basis,modeling the behavior of a mechanical component leads to assess its fatigue damage. This indicatorhelps the designer in his choice of component geometry.Finally, the climatic environment as well as effects related to the internal functioning of the system,have been taken into account by performing vibro-climatic tests of on an operating systems, i.e. a fuelcell system integrated into a hydrogen electric vehicle. This helped to develop a procedure to supportthe design of complex mechanical systems
Marx, Neigel. „Gestion énergétique et dimensionnement des systèmes hybrides multi-pile à combustible et batterie pour application au transport automobile“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD053/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe electrification of the transportation industry is on the rise. This rise drives the development of new technologies. Although the fuel cell is not a recently developed technology, it benefits from it. However, it is still too expensive and not durable enough compared to the market's expectations. Scientific research has been focused primarily on their management and its ancillaries. Nevertheless, the interest in multistack fuel cell systems has been rising in the community.The energy management and the sizing of multistack system hybrized with a battery is the focus of this thesis. First, the performances of such systems is compared to that of single stack systems. To that end, a study based on the determination of the optimal management strategy depending on the sizing has been completed. The main tool used in this study was optimization through dynamic programming. Results show a significant increase in performance in favor of multistack systems. Then, an online energy management strategy is designed based on Bayesian decision theory. Its goal is to optimize consumption and lifetime by using driver behavior knowledge. This approach has been compared to other energy management strategies and enables performances gains in consumption and lifetime for the multistack system
Pietrelli, Andrea. „Electrical valorization of MFC : application to monitoring“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, the extensive use of fossil fuels has triggered into a global crisis due to high pollution and stock reduction, because of its nature of non-renewable source of energy. Because the wide use of fossil fuels has led to the production of high amounts of CO2, as a result is a trigger of the global warming issue. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is an energy harvesting technique that converts chemical energy from organic compounds to electrical energy through catalytic actions of microorganisms. MFC can be considered as archetypical microbial Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs), that exploit the bio-electrocatalytic activity of living microorganisms for the generation of electric current. In the past decade, the evolution of low power electronics has made MFCs technology more attractive, because it has begun to be able to power low-power devices forming complete systems, such as the nodes of a wireless sensor network (WSN). Moreover, MFCs gained more interest because they can generate electric power while treating wastes. Unlike other fuel cells, MFCs can continuously generate clean energy at normal temperature, atmospheric pressure, and neutral pH value without any supplementary maintenance. The only by-products are CO2 and H2O, which do not require additional handling. The production of CO2 is part of a short duration carbon cycle. The CO2 produced is biogenic, which is included in the biogeochemical carbon cycle, avoiding net carbon emission into atmosphere. This manuscript examines many aspects related to microbial fuel cell technology from chemical reactions inside the cells to the energy management systems required to exploit energy delivered from MFCs for practical usage in autonomous sensors. Experimental campaign was performed on MFCs regarding electrical characterization, multiple connections of MFCs and influence of main parameters that affect energy conversion performances. The experimental tests were performed on two different lab-scale reactor typologies: terrestrial microbial fuel cell and waste water microbial fuel cell. A survey is presented about different proposed energy management systems and other devices able to build a node of a WSN powered by MFCs
Bendjedia, Bachir. „Gestion et optimisation d’énergie électrique avec tolérance aux défauts d’un système hybride PàC/ batterie“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS229.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of this thesis is part of a theme that concerns the optimal sizing and energy management resilient to the faults of a multi-source system (hybrid) for the power supply of an electric vehicle. In our case, the storage system consists of a fuel cell as the main source and a secondary source based on a Li-ion battery. The study carried out on the sizing shows the interest of the hybridization compared to a mono-source single battery or fuel cell only system. The interest of this hybridization in terms of weight, volume and cost becomes more and more important by increasing the autonomy of the vehicle. After scaling the hybrid source for a 700 km drive range, we investigated the influence of battery technology and management methods on the performance of the source (volume, mass, cost, electrical stress applied to the components and the hydrogen consumption of the Fuel Cell / Battery system).The sizing part is followed by the development of an original energy management strategy based on the state of charge of the battery (SOC) to adapt the operating limits of the fuel cell. The results obtained with this method are compared with two other online energy management strategies namely, the frequency division method and the use of a fuzzy supervisor. The strategy developed gave good experimental results in terms of constraints seen by cells and hydrogen consumption. Despite a good sizing of the on-board source and a good optimization of the energy management method, the system is not immune from the fault and can be the seat of several faults that can appear at voltage sensors. and current. In order to ensure the service continuity of the hybrid system in the presence of these faults, a fault-tolerant control strategy has been developed in order to guarantee the stability of the hybrid Fuel Cell/ Battery system and to ensure acceptable performance in degraded mode
Agbli, Kréhi Serge. „Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d’un couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM-pile à combustible PEM en vue d’une application stationnaire“. Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA stand alone multi-source system based on the coupling of photovoltaic energy and both a PEM electrolyser and a PEMFC for stationary application is studied. The system gathers photovoltaic array as main energy source, ultracapacitors and batteries packs in order to smooth respectively fast and medium dynamic by supplying the load or by absorbing photovoltaic source overproduction. Because of the necessity of fuel availability, especially for islanding application like this one, a PEM electrolyser is integrated to the system for in situ hydrogen production.The main purpose being modeling and management of the power flows in order to meet the energy requirement without power cut, a graphical modeling tool namely Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) is used because of its analysis and control strengths. Thanks to the modular feature of the EMR, the different models of each energetic entity of the system are performed before their assembling.By using scale effect, the energetic system sizing is performed according to a household power profile. Then, by the help of the multi-level representation, the maximal control structure (MCS) is deduced from the system EMR model. The electrical reference values of the MCS are generated by applying the power balancing method involving the own dynamic of each source into the energy management strategy. Different behavior modes are taken into account. By considering an irradiance profile for one day, the system is simulated highlighting its suitable behaviour. Moreover, the relevance of the introduced coupling between fuzzy logic controller and the power balancing method is pointed out
Chaabna, Solène Houria. „Passivity-based modeling and power routing of a multi-source power cell for hydrogen production“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGreen hydrogen is emerging as a powerful solution for the storage of surplus electricity which is generated through renewable energy sources. However, a green hydrogen power cell involves multiphysics phenomena as electrical, fluidic, thermal, etc. and the representation of dynamical power flows therein is quite complex. Furthermore, the power exchange between the different components of the cell (Fuel cell, Electrolyzer, storage units, renewable sources) needs to be thought in terms of global performance while taking care of the energy reserves.This thesis proposes a Bond Graph derived port-Hamiltonian representation of all the components of a green hydrogen power cell. From this representation, it is possible to design passivity-based control algorithms. The notion of passivity margin is introduced to account for the robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties or known disturbances. For each component, the excess or shortage of power feeds an Energy Tank, which behaves as a virtual storage unit. Hence, the set of Energy Tanks is an image of the power reserves in the power cell. Instead of using conventional power routing between each component, we propose to manage power flows between the Energy Tanks, which allows us to control not only the power intensity, but also the level of energy within the tanks. Hence, the methodology enables to control both power and energy at the same time, paving the way to Operating Mode Management triggered by energy levels. An application is given on a platform including a fuel call, renewable energy sources, and a conventional storage unit
Cherragui, Mohamed. „Développement d'un simulateur Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) d'un système pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de proton“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fuel cell is a source of energy that generates electricity from hydrogen and oxygen.They are very promising candidates for the production of electric power.Nevertheless, the fuel cell still suffers from imperfections limiting its commercialization on a full scale, in particular for transport applications.This is the reason why, hybridization of different energy sources has become a reality for non-stationary applications such as all-electric vehicles.However, these applications require reliable energy management solutions that take into account all the constraints of the hybrid electrical system.Therefore, the development of validation platform is necessary.In this context, the Hardware In the Loop (HIL) is a very promising technique, where part of a real system can be replaced by a virtual system while respecting the communication between these physical and virtual subsystems.This document details the dynamic models of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) associated with supercapacitors.Furthermore, the energy management between these two sources and the prognostic of the fuel cell composed of a extenced Kalman Filter filter (EKF) for the estimation of the real state of health (SoH) of the stack and, on the other hand, of the Inverse First Order Reliability Method (IFORM) in order to estimate the remaining useful life of the stack, all implemented in an FPGA control board in a Hardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) context
Yin, Liangzhen. „Intelligent control for performance optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system has been considered as the new power generation technology as it has the advantage of high power density, zero emission, high efficiency, and fast start-up characteristics. Therefore, this thesis is devoted to researching system integration, system parameter trcking control, and system performance optimization for open-cathode and closed-cathode PEMFC systems. For open-cathode PEMFC system, the stack temperature is the key factor sffecting the output performance of the system. In order to improve the dynamic temperature tracking performance under load changing conditions, adaptive inverse control and grey prediction based model free adaptive control is proposed for optimal temperature control of system. Further, in order to enhance the system efficiency of system, a maximum efficiency control strategy based on maximum efficiency optimization and constraint generalized predictive control is proposed in this thesis. For closed-cathode PEMFC system, considering the existed nonlinearity and strong coupling between operating parameters such as stack temperature and oxygen excess ratio (OER), a dual loop multivariable control strategy based on MIMO model free adaptive sliding mode control is proposed for stack temperature and air flow rate regulation of closed-cathode PEMFC system. Moreover, a 300 W open-cathode PEMFC system test bench and a 5-kW closed-cathode PEMFC system tests bench are established. All the control strategies and the performance optimization strategies are verified on the established test bench of open-cathode and closed-cathode PEMFC systems
Said, Mohamed Mariama. „Architecture et étude d’un système électrique hybride destine à l’autonomie d’une zone rurale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presented work focuses on the study of the architecture of a hybrid electric system (HES) made of different sources. First, we studied a configuration consisting of photovoltaic, wind, PEM fuel cell as sources and batteries, electrolyser and hydrogen tank as storage elements. Then in a second phase, only hydrogen storage is considered to ensure the electrical autonomy of a rural area in Comoros. The coupling of these different sources aims to improve the performance, the availability of the resulting electrical network, the supply of electricity over much longer periods and, above all, the satisfaction of the uses by operating each source in a reasoned way. First, we have analysed the main components of our system. Then, we established the mathematical models that describe the behaviour of the different parts of our hybrid energy system which is here the formalism used for the modelling. The modelling and simulation of the PV and wind systems use a MPPT control to maximize the delivered power. In the first configuration, the battery charge/discharge process is controlled to stabilize the DC bus voltage. The fuel cell makes the system more durable. It also helps to stabilize the DC bus voltage, in case of too much battery discharge. Thus, the use of a harmonic filter reduces the rate of harmonic distortion. Harmonics are compensated as well than the reactive current component in normal or unbalanced operating conditions. The presented simulation results have illustrated the behaviour of the different components of the HES in transient and steady states. Finally, the proposed system, analysed with the help of HOMER, would be able to provide a solution to the demand of a rural area in the Comoros or in any place suffering of a weak grid by using only hydrogen storage
Robin, Christophe. „Développement d'un modèle prédictif de durée de vie d'une pile PEMFC pour une application aéronautique : étude des interactions entre le cœur de pile et les conditions d'opération du système“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI057/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a global context of greenhouse gases emissions reduction, solutions need to be found to limit the pollution from transportation. In the aeronautics, the energy efficiency of planes can be improved by using alternative energy sources, such as fuel cells. This technology is an electrochemical device that converts hydrogen into electricity, water and heat. Nevertheless, cost and lifetime of fuel cells are weaknesses of this technology and need to be improved.As part of the use onboard commercial airplanes, analysis of a PEM fuel cell system durability is conducted, in collaboration with Zodiac Aerospace. Taking the fuel cell aging into account in the fuel cell system management is essential to limit the impact of inappropriate fuel cell core local conditions, which decrease the fuel cell lifetime. In this work, a complete study is proposed to correlate the fuel cell internal aging mechanisms (membrane degradation, catalyst dissolution) to the fuel cell local conditions which are defined partly by the system ancillaries’ performances, the power profile and the system environmental conditions. The objective is to be able to predict the fuel cell operation and its durability in order to suggest optimization strategies for the targeted application. The proposed approach is based on modeling and validated by experimental durability tests.A multi-physical model existing at the CEA is developed in this PhD to correlate the uses to the degradation mechanisms. The physical description of the fuel cell is done in this model, where electrochemical reactions, fuel cell water and gas diffusion mechanisms at micro scale and heat transfers are taken into account. Improvements are added, in order to better model the geometry of the gases distributing plates used in the tests. Besides, a work on the cooling circuit enables to refine the temperature distribution at the cell surface. Finally, degradation mechanisms are added to model the fuel cell aging. Two different approaches are used, one based on physical electrochemical equations (“Bottom-Up”) and the other one based on semi-empirical laws (“Top-Down”).Results from the modeling part are compared with dedicated tests. In particular, two tests of 2,000 hours each in aeronautical conditions are performed, with two different operating modes (stabilized and dynamic). Usual methods of electrochemical characterization (impedance spectroscopy, voltammetries), post-mortem analyses along with in-situ measurements of the current density and temperature performed during the tests help validating the model.In particular, the measures show that the developed model is able to simulate the heterogeneous distribution of the local conditions inside the fuel cell in function of the operating conditions (dry, wet, etc.). It gives the possibility to monitor the behavior of fuel cell internal parameters which are not reachable by the tests (relative humidity, molar fractions, etc.). Moreover, the model enables to find back the impact of several operating regimes on the aging, giving as well information about the degradation mechanisms acting on the materials. Last but not least, strategies are proposed to improve the fuel cell durability, based on the real cycle considered by Zodiac Aerospace for the use of the fuel cell system onboard a commercial airplane (apart from the propulsion)
Reguillet, Vincent. „Caractérisation d’un système pile à combustible en vue de garantir son démarrage et fonctionnement à température ambiante négative“. Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuel cells are electric generators on the way to achieve technological and commercial maturity. Nevertheless, to compete with similar energy generating systems such as batteries and engines generators, fuel cells must overcome several obstacles. Among them, the ability to start at negative ambient temperatures is decisive. In order to study the behaviour of a PEMFC system in cold weather, we propose different exergetic criteria adapted to the working conditions of each module. Thanks to dedicated test benches, the modules are then characterized at negative ambient temperature. From experimental results, empirical or semi-analytical models are introduced for the battery, the compressor and the humidifier. On the other hand, a thermal analytical model at the stacks scale is developed. It enables to reproduce the fuel cell temperature rise during a cold start up. Eventually, at the end of the analysis of experimental results and models, recommendations are given to favour the cold start of the system. By following these recommendations, the fuel cell cold start at -10 °C is ensured
Agbli, Kréhi Serge. „Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d'un couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM-pile à combustible PEM en vue d'une application stationnaire“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767882.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJullian, Gauthier. „Diagnostic robuste de pile à combustible PEM par modélisation physique et mesures d’impédance : prise en compte de conditions dynamiques et du vieillissement“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe PEMFC fuel cell is an electrochemical generator that has interesting potential for automotive applications and which use could help to meet pollution challenges. Poor management of system auxiliaries or malfunctions can place the fuel cell under operating conditions that accelerate degradation processes and shorten its useful life. The- operating conditions of the fuel cell core (temperature, humidity and partial pressures) must be monitored to identify as soon as possible and without any error abnormal situations, which is particularly difficult in dynamic operating conditions and during ageing.The aim of this thesis is to provide solutions to this problem. To that end, a robust diagnostic approach of operating conditions without direct measurement, in a dynamic environment and taking ageing into account has been developed.In order to characterize the fuel cell, a campaign of experimental tests on a test bench was carried out during 1000 hours of operation, with and without faults. This test campaign also allowed to verify to what extent the easily accessible polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy depend on the internal operating conditions.The approach developed is based on one hand on the use of a physical fuel cell model that capture its behaviour for given operating conditions and on the other hand on easy-access current, voltage and impedance measurements. Thus, this allows the development of an embedded solution that minimizes the number of sensors required.The differences between the experimental measurements and the outputs computed by the physical fuel cell model – called residuals – are indicators which are sensitive to faults in operating conditions, and insensitive to usual operating dynamic conditions. Two residuals, generated from fuel cell output voltage and high frequency impedance, are used to detect abnormal operating conditions thanks to threshold detection. The choice of the detection threshold levels allows to set the detection performance in terms of good detection and false alarm probabilities.In order to take ageing into account, a degradation module computes the decrease of fuel cell voltage with time so that ageing is taken explicitly into account by residuals.Going beyond detection alone, a method to class the operating conditions faults has also been proposed. It uses a database of residuals from various known faults to train a K-nearest-neighbour classifier, so that faults can be identified and classified.The model developed in the CEA was compared with experiments carried out on the test bench. An experimental determination of the model constants was carried out using electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry...) and numerical ones (linear regression). It appears that the model correctly computes voltage and high-frequency impedance, confirming the possible use of this specific model for diagnostic purpose. The method has been tested with optimal thresholds that have been empirically determined. The detection score obtained is 80%. The false alarm rate is less than 5% during the test.The K-NN classifier was then validated on experimental data. The classification score during the 1000h test is around 60% with large disparities depending on the faults. This score is more than 99% for two of the studied faults (high pressures and low humidity), 63% for low pressures but only 20% for a temperature drop or humidity increase.This work concluded that the approach using a physical model diagnosed most faults with a low level of false alarms during 1000 hours of ageing. The search of new measurements to increase the score of poorly diagnosed faults thus improving diagnostic performance is a main perspective
Neffati, Ahmed. „Stratégies de gestion de l'énergie électrique d'un système multi-source : décision floue optimisée pour véhicule électrique hybride“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2015/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe energy management of hybrid electric vehicles (VHE) has been a major scientific effort in recent years. In addition, the power required in a (VHE) must be managed online within the constraints of charge and available energy. We are particularly interested in our work to the energy management of a hybrid vehicle, the problem is the instantaneous distribution of the electric power required through the two energy sources as much as possible by optimizing the overall consumption hydrogen on a given mission profile. We start in the first phase of study the characterization of mission profiles with the aim to find characterization tools that will help us to choose the laws of commands that are part of a process of energy management online. In the second study phase, energy strategies that rely on frequency management management techniques have been developed. Then we present a method for power management in line based on fuzzy rules, this method has been improved by the application of a method of fuzzy switching. This strategy leads the fuel cell to operate at best efficiency point. It has been verified that if this method is applied to an unknown online profile, the consumption obtained is near optimal
Payman, Alireza Meibody-Tabar Farid Pierfederici Serge. „Contribution à la gestion d'énergie dans les systèmes hybrides multi-sources multi-charges“. S. l. : S. n, 2009. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2009_PAYMAN_A.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGailly, Frédéric. „Alimentation électrique d'un site isolé à partir d'un générateur photovoltaïque associé à un tandem électrolyseur/pile à combustible (batterie H2/O2)“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11527/1/Gailly_Frederic.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBahrami, Milad. „Contribution to the development of a fuel cell management system“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe essential challenge in using renewable energy-based electricity generation is the intermittency of resources. Therefore, new ways to store electricity is inevitable. Hydrogen as an energy carrier can deal with this issue. Hydrogen can be produced by using the excess energy of renewable energy sources. Therefore, a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as a device that can directly convert hydrogen energy to electricity is an important part of this solution. The cost and durability are the major challenges to enable the diffusion of this technology in the mass market. In the frame of a multi-vectors microgrid, a Fuel Cell Management System (FCMS) is proposed and designed in this thesis that allows optimizing the reliability and life of PEMFCs through controlling the operating condition of cells to avoid electrochemical instabilities. A proposed diagnostic method along with a new hybrid power electronics architecture is the core of this FCMS. The diagnostic method can detect most of the FCMS instabilities by a new comprehensive real-time model. This model can simulate a cell in its stack environment. A hybrid power electronics architecture is developed for this FCMS that guarantees better aging of the system by separately manipulating the supplied power of cells. The proposed power electronics architecture is hybridized by a Supercapacitor (SC) that can compensate for the low dynamic of PEMFCs in supplying the fast dynamic load profiles. A Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) method is developed as a part of the FCMS to change the reference power of the cell groups based on the model data. The proposed system and its different parts are validated through the simulation and experimental results
Zhou, Tao. „Commande et supervision énergétique d’un générateur hybride actif éolien incluant du stockage sous forme d’hydrogène et des super-condensateurs pour l’intégration dans le système électrique d’un micro réseau“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA hybrid power system is studied in this thesis for the distributed generation based on renewable energy resources and energy storage systems in microgrid applications. It consists of a wind generator as primary energy source, super-capacitors as fast-dynamic storage system, fuel cells and electrolyzers as long-term storage system in hydrogen. They are all connected to a common DC bus and an inverter is used for the connection of the whole system to the grid. In this thesis, we have presented the system modeling, the control design including the power balancing and energy management strategies. This hybrid power system can finally supply controllable smooth powers as most conventional power plants. The performances have been tested in numerical simulations and also on an experimental test bench. As result, it is able to provide ancillary services to the microgrid. The main scientific contributions of this thesis are: the use and the adaptation of the graphical tools for the modeling of complex systems and their design; the design and the experimental implementation of real-time emulators in order to reduce the time and the cost of an experimental platform; the proposition and the validation of two power balancing strategies for the DC-bus voltage regulation and the grid power control and finally the proposition of energy management strategies for the active wind generator to ensure the energy availability
Iosub, Vasile. „Développement et optimisation d'une unité de stockage de l'ydrogène sur hydrures métalliques utilisée dans les systèmes stationnaires de pile à combustible“. Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002109170204611&vid=upec.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work bas started with a thorough study of tbe bibliography on the metal hydrides application as hydrogen storage materials in solid gas process. This study has made possible to determine two familles of intermetallic compounds able to reach the needs of the specific application: the AB5-type compounds with MmNi5-xSnx compositions (Mm stands for mischmetal, a mixture of La, Ce, Nd and Pr as well as tbe AB2-type compounds with Zr-pTipMn2-r-sNirVs compositions. In a second time we have tried to optimise hydrogen absorption properties by modifying the alloy composition and structure. Moreover, a study of the kinetics and ageing during cycling was made. From the experimental results, new relations composition - structure - thermodvnamic properties bave been determined in order to adapt other types of hvdrogen storage materials to the specifications
Al, Moussawi Houssein. „Efficacité énergétique dans le bâtiment: gestion optimale pour les systèmes de micro-trigénération“. Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrigeneration or combined cooling, heating, and power technologies are a key solution to solve global energy related problems, for they enhance energy performance, reduce economic cost, and decrease environmental damage. Such systems are particularly interesting at micro-scales due to their ability to cover residential energy demands with high supply security and no distribution losses. Regarding their heart of operation, internal combustion engines and solid oxide fuel cells are mainly attractive prime movers due to their high thermal recovery potential, and the combination of both in one hybrid system is worth investigation. In order to realize a trigeneration project, it is vital to properly design and select the components, model the system, validate the model, choose an operating strategy, size the equipment, evaluate the performance using 4-E assessments, optimize the parameters accordingly, and finally make a decision. At all, when compared to conventional energy production, trigeneration concept is technically, economically, and environmentally superior
Kong, Suyao. „Advanced passivity-based control for hybrid power systems : application to hybrid electric vehicles and microgrids“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a01b06c5-fb6c-452d-bd16-02b269cd0bb9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA Fuel cell (FC) hybrid power system is a promising solution to deal with the atmospheric pollution and fossil fuels shortage problems. This thesis focuses on the controller design for FC hybrid power systems, towards two applications: the hybrid electrical vehicle and the microgrid-powered datacenter.Firstly, this thesis proposes an advanced passivity-based control for a FC/super-capacitors (SCs) hybrid system. In order to solve the converters coordination problem, a controller designed using the design method Interconnection and Damping Assignment - Passivity-Based Control (IDA-PBC) is applied, which considers the state-of-charge of the SCs as well as voltage and current limitations. The proposed controller is validated on a Power Hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) platform. Then an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is applied to forecast the State-of-Health (SoH) of the fuel cell and is combined with the proposed controller. Finally, a Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform based on an INTEL/ALTERA FPGA is designed in order to validate the real-time operation of the algorithms for a specific case study with a commercial vehicle.For microgrid applications, a passivity-based controller for a hybrid power supply system for a green datacenter is proposed, including photovoltaic panels, a fuel cell, SCs and an electrolyzer. The feasibility of this non-linear controller is proven by the simulation results and experimental validation on a PHIL test bench. This work is integrated into the ANR DATAZERO project.The main novelty of the proposed controller is that it integrates some component constraints directly into the controller equations, while the locally asymptotic stability of the whole closed-loop system is preserved
Radulescu, Mihai Nicolae. „Systèmes à cogénération d'électricité et de chaleur avec piles à combustible de type PEMFC ou SOFC et vaporeformage externe“. Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0095_RADULESCU.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objectives of this PhD work concern the energy management in combined heat and power (CHP or cogeneration) systems using fuel cells and fed by natural gas. Firstly, we define the theoretical and effective efficiencies of such systems. Secondly, we study in a detailed way the operation of H-Power CHP units with a low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and steam reformer. We develop a model able to simulate the operation of the units in different conditions. We propose improvements that could lead to an electric efficiency increase by 3 to 10 percentage points. Finally, we compare these units with CHP systems using solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fed by natural gas. The high temperature fuel cell generates enough heat to ensure both the thermal conditioning of gases and the reforming of natural gas. We propose and study five hybrid system designs in order to value the thermal and chemical residual energies and to convert them mostly in supplementary electric energy
Tabanjat, Abdulkader. „Modélisation, commande et supervision d'un système multi-sources connecté au réseau avec stockage tampon de l'énergie électrique via le vecteur hydrogène“. Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0266/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe limited reserves of fossil fuel and the pollution gases produced pave the way to promising alternativeRenewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as Solar Energy Sources (SESs) and Wind Energy Sources (WESs).SESs and WESs are freely available and environmentally friendly. However, RESs are intermittent in nature.Therefore, the smoothing of power fluctuations by storing the energy during periods of oversupply and restore it tothe grid when demand becomes necessary. Accordingly, Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) can be appropriatelyused for this purpose.Using several energy sources for constructing HPSs alongside with ESS will require an energy managementstrategy to achieve minimum HPS cost and optimal balance between energy generation and energy consumption.This energy management method is a mechanism to achieve an ideal energy production and to conveniently satisfythe load demand at relatively high efficiency.In this thesis, a Hybrid Power System (HPS) including Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as main sourcescombined with Gas Micro-Turbine (GMT) and hydrogen storage system such as Back-up Sources (BKUSs) hasbeen presented. The aim of this hybridization is to build a reliable system, which is able to supply the load andhaving the ability to store the excess energy in hydrogen form and reuse it later when demanded. Consequently, thestored energy at the end of each cycle will be zero and a minimum generated power cost is achieved. In addition,partial shading problem of Photovoltaic (PV) panels is comprehensively studied and a new solution based on simpleswitches and Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) integrated into dSPACE electronic card is created. Consequently, a realtime PV panels reconfiguration and disconnecting shaded ones is performed and minimum power losses isachieved. Then, the PV panels are connected to a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser (PEM ELS). Theemitted temperature by the PV panels is transferred to the endothermic element PEM ELS. Consequently, anefficiency enhancement of the hybrid system PVPEM ELS is realized
Zhang, Zhiming. „Modélisation mécanique des interfaces multi-contacts dans une pile à combustible“. Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fuel cell transforms chemical energy to electrical power sources through a stack of different planar structures. Mechanical phenomena presented on the multi-contact interface acts more or less the fuel cell's performance and lifetime. We have shown that the pre-load by stacking bolts, the deformation of the gas diffusion layer (GDL), the contact and the configuration of the bipolar plate (BPP) had influences on the contact resistance, the porosity and the permeability of the fuel cell. The contact resistance is determined by the contact area and contact pressure. The porosity and permeability are related to the interfacial deformation. The contact between the different structures has a major role in the fuel cell operation. This problem is solved by the finite element method. Various parameters of the fuel cell as the pre-load, the geometric structure of teeth of BPP as well as the porosity of the GDL were studied and allowed to know the contact behavior and the deformation. The influence of some parameters on the mechanical results of fuel cell stack was then tackled. The purpose of this study is to provide optimum values of these parameters to obtain the best performance of fuel cells
Salah, Abdelkrim. „Simulation et contrôle de l'aspect thermique d'une pile à combustible PEMFC“. Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with contribution to thermal problems of PEM Fuel Cell. In fact, since the chemical conversion of energy stored within the fuel cell is accompanied by the production of an important thermal energy (50 %), it is most important to understand the thermal behavior of fuel cell. Majority of models involves complex systems of heat differential equations. In addition, PEMFC presents a heterogeneous system and thermal coupling of conduction-convection involves complex differential equations, and their solution can not be done within a reasonable amount of time by sequential program. In the first part of this work, seeking reliable and simple method for study of thermal behavior phenomena, we have developed the nodal approach that result from a formal analogy between analogical circuits and their counterpart’s phenomena. In this approach, we can represent the two phenomena of conduction-convection without any coupling of with another approach of representation. It will be shown in this thesis that this model presents high scalability and parallel processing characteristics that make it suitable for simulation on parallel machines or a network of workstations. In the second part of this work, we have interested to the control of the temperature of fuel cell. The model inspired by the nodal approach that we have developed is in the bilinear form. We propose a result on feedback stabilization of thermal behavior of PEM Fuel Cell