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Sarma, A. D. N. „A Generic Functional Architecture for Operational BI System“. International Journal of Business Intelligence Research 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 2018): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbir.2018010105.
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In recent years, Operational Business Intelligence has emerged as an important trend in the Business Intelligence (BI) market. Majority of BI application architectures are bespoke in nature which have several architectural limitations like tightly coupled, static, historic, subjective, no performance measurement of business processes, limited user access, limited analytical processing, querying and reporting features. In this article, a generic functional architecture for Operational BI systems based on software architecture principles is presented. All functional modules of the system are derived from the key features of the system and by using top down approach of software design principles. The similar functional modules are grouped into sub-systems and a set of these sub-systems constitutes overall functional architecture. The proposed architecture overcomes the limitations of traditional BI architectures.
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Carson, Ronald S. „Differentiating System Architectures: Applying Architecture Measures“. INCOSE International Symposium 25, Nr. 1 (Oktober 2015): 891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2015.00103.x.
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Amelia Wulan Sari Sapitri. „Perancangan Enterprise Architecture HMI Sampit Menggunakan TOGAF“. Kompak :Jurnal Ilmiah Komputerisasi Akuntansi 16, Nr. 1 (01.07.2023): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/kompak.v16i1.1080.
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The Islamic Student Association (HMI) is an umbrella organization with a clear model of being Indonesian and Islamic, providing a platform to train and develop leaders with honesty and quality determination, faith and responsibility. The factors that provide direction within the organization to adopt an Enterprise Architecture (EA) system are aimed at enhancing what the organization needs. Enterprise architecture or what can be called Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a description of the task in question consisting of knowledge, actions, direction from the organization and architectural performance parameters in the description of the design or plan and development of an integrated system. TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) is a framework that is widely used in creating enterprise or organizational architectures. TOGAF offers methods and tools for creating, running, implementing, and maintaining enterprise architectures in existing systems. The results of this study are in the form of a blueprint that is expected to be useful for organizations as material to assist IT development in HMI.
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Anyanhun, Awele, Clarissa Fleming und Whit Matteson. „A Systematic and Traceable MOSA Evaluation Process for Systems Architectures: A Digital Engineering Tool“. INCOSE International Symposium 33, Nr. 1 (Juli 2023): 1075–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13071.
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AbstractA process for evaluating the degree to which an architecture embraces Modular Open Systems Approaches (MOSA) is germane to ensuring that MOSA principles are actually used in the development of defense systems architectures. Furthermore, such a process provides artifacts that can be used by program offices to justify their key architectural decisions and prove they embrace MOSA as required. Therefore, an approach which facilitates the assessment of architecture requirements for MOSA compliance—rather than system designs or products—provides the added benefit of ensuring applicable MOSA quality attributes are incorporated into architectures during the requirements development phase. To this end, a systematic and traceable MOSA evaluation process which uses derived sets of evaluable criteria to evaluate architecture requirements is developed. The process utilizes a digital engineering approach to establish, within the authoritative source of truth (model), traceability relationships that can be queried, analyzed, and used to validate whether the architecture and resultant system will exhibit modularity and openness characteristics.
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Su, Hong Zhi. „Systems Scientific Analysis of Architecture Adaptability Design“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (März 2015): 2165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2165.
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Architecture is the arena on which man's life unfolds, due to the constant changes taking place in life, deformability is demanded to increase the adaptability of modern Architecture. Thus, to achieve such deformability, research on the systematic hierarchy of architectures is carried out; indicating that the hierarchies are the intermediary of the inner transformation of the architecture and the formation process of architecture system is a process of gradual differentiation. With the development of the gradual differentiation process, the flexibility of architecture begins to fail while increasing its determinacy. The key point determining the adaptability of architectures lies in the inter-transformation between the various levels of sub-hierarchy systems. According to the complexity and hierarchy of the transformation, categorization and analysis with future study on the performance manifestation of architectural adaptability design are implemented.
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Chen, Hualong, Yuanqiao Wen, Man Zhu, Yamin Huang, Changshi Xiao, Tao Wei und Axel Hahn. „From Automation System to Autonomous System: An Architecture Perspective“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, Nr. 6 (10.06.2021): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060645.
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Autonomy is the core capability of future systems, and architecture design is one of the critical issues in system development and implementation. To discuss the architecture of autonomous systems in the future, this paper reviews the developing progress of architectures from automation systems to autonomous systems. Firstly, the autonomy and autonomous systems in different fields are summarized. The article classifies and summarizes the architecture of typical automated systems and infer three suggestions for building an autonomous system architecture: extensibility, evolvability, and collaborability. Accordingly, this paper builds an autonomous waterborne transportation system, and the architecture is composed of the object layer, cyberspace layer, cognition layer, and application layer, the proposed suggestions made in the construction of the architecture are reflected in the inter-relationships at all layers. Through the cooperation of four layers, the autonomous waterborne transportation system can autonomously complete the system functions, such as system control and transportation service. In the end, the characteristics of autonomous systems are concluded, from which the future primary research directions and the challenges of autonomous systems are provided.
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Rodríguez, Daniel A., und Joseph M. Sussman. „Framework for Developing a Regional System Architecture for Intelligent Transportation Systems“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1588, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1588-10.
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Defining an architecture for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) at the regional level, where most ITS deployment occurs, is constrained by jurisdictional, institutional, financial, political, and regulatory factors. These constraints provide opportunities for the architecture that go beyond its traditional role as a guiding tool for technology implementation to a newer role of reorienting institutional relationships. An architecture development approach is proposed that considers regional transportation needs and characteristics so as to increase the benefits from implementing ITS locally. It also provides a new way of thinking about the importance of the National ITS System Architecture in the context of regional ITS deployments. The development approach was tested by considering how regional architectures in New York, Boston, and Houston address regional needs. Findings and implications of the regional ITS architectures of the case study areas are presented.
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Khumaidi, Ahmad, und Eka Ridhawati. „DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGIES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN PRINGSEWU BY USING METHODOLOGY ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE PLANNING (EAP)“. IJISCS (International Journal of Information System and Computer Science) 1, Nr. 2 (15.08.2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56327/ijiscs.v1i2.503.
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The development of information systems and information technology requires planning to complement the direction of the college strategy. Planning is constructed by defining data, application and technology architectures in the use of information to support business processes and then architectural design to identify needs and create architectural schemes and make plans for their implementation. Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) is a method of data quality planning approach oriented to business needs and how the implementation of the architecture is done in such a way in an effort to support business turnover and achievement of Vision and Mission and the goal of strategic development of SI and IT at college private high. The result of this research is to get the blueprint resulting from Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) methodology which will be used as a guide for making blueprint in the form of data architecture, application architecture and technology architecture in strategy development Information system and information technology as a whole on High private sector especially in Pringsewu
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Gradel, Simon, Benedikt Aigner und Eike Stumpf. „Model-based safety assessment for conceptual aircraft systems design“. CEAS Aeronautical Journal 13, Nr. 1 (23.11.2021): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-021-00562-2.
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AbstractTraditional system technology modeling in conceptual aircraft design mainly relies on empirical knowledge and methods derived from conventional systems, for which valid system architecture designs are known. Since these systems have been proven valid especially from a safety perspective, detailed system safety analyses are usually not necessary. For unconventional systems and innovative technologies, on contrary, new architectures have to be designed and system safety has, therefore, to be taken into account. Therefore, the application of model-based safety assessment (MBSA) for designing system architectures in conceptual aircraft design studies is proposed. A MBSA approach based on a Simulink architecture model is presented which is tailored for use in conceptual design studies. It is applied to the cryocooling system of a hybrid-electric powertrain architecture from an already-published study. The original architecture as well as possible architecture alternatives are investigated. As a result, a safer architecture version with lower number of components can be proposed. The application example indicates that using MBSA in conceptual design benefits the latter by providing insights into safety properties of the system and by pointing out architecture safety weaknesses. This could result in safer, thus more realistic system architectures.
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Rasul, Hoshyar Qadir. „Architecture as system: A study of housing systems evolution“. Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 1, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2016.1.1.1.
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Understanding architecture via the concept of system came after numerous, rapid and different developments upon all aspects of architecture, especially since the last third of past century till the present day.Some theories characterized architecture as the complex whole that based on the different relationships and interrelationships with different sciences, besides of the multiplicity and independency of internal components, it should be assigned into the world of integrated system.This study attempts to explain the phenomenon of architecture through the concept of (system), in order to include both its cognitive (the subject) - which is potential, and realistic presence (the object) -which is explicit. This study tries to explore both sides of the concept, in order to understand the architectural system -in one hand and determining its components -in the other hand.To find out how these systems which have been developed via some housing projects, as an integrated system; comprised by secondary sub-systems with clear limits, within the total system of the housing project. This study follows the inductive and descriptive approach as a methodology, depending on the related literatures and applied available theories in residential projects during different periods of time.The study aims to identify the systems and levels, set to reach a comprehensive understanding of the architectural system in general, and the evolutions of housing systems, in particular, benefiting from the rapid developments of this architectural style (Housing), which have been seen in many various levels too.
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Kucherenko, Olena. „Functioning of Ukrainian Terminological System of Architecture“. Terminological Bulletin, Nr. 4 (2017): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2017-4-149-154.
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The Ukrainian terminological system of architecture is a definitely organised, historically caused, communicative system of elements which functions, constantly changing internal and external communication at different levels of consistency. The terminological fund of representation of architecture knowledge demands settlement, therefore its research gets a special relevance. The national terminological system of architecture changes and updates constantly, because there are new concepts which are necessary to name, and there are new terms accordingly. Despite it, there is no clearness in formulation of definitions even for key concepts in this area of human activity, the choice of use and systematization of certain terminological units is not always successful, and synonymy of terms is actively used for base standard documents, the scientific special literature, lexicographic editions on architecture. Architecture terminology is a considerable layer of the Ukrainian terminological system with inherent common features for a system (presence of system elements, system signs, the criteria which are inherent for a system) and original Characteristics (specificity of concepts and terms’ relations, the special thematic and structural organisation which is the basis for allocation of architecture terminological system and allocates features of the language system organisation of(word-formation, grammatical, lexical). Elements of architectural terminological system form systems of objective realities, systems of terms, systems of corresponding concepts, systems of definitions of these concepts. When these systems function, they limit architectural terminology. It is very important to understand architectural terminology not simply as the mechanical sum of corresponding terminological units, terms and terminological word combinations, and accurate terminological system which has certain logic communications between its elements, structural components. There is a direct or indirect communication between terms which limits terminological system of architecture. Constant development and increase in quantity of terminological units, quantitative and qualitative changes of terms which unite in terminological system, define limitlessness of modern Ukrainian architecture terminological system. Exploring the practical problems of education terms and problems of architectural terms’ standardization the professional norm is fixed in the special literature (educational, methodical, statutory acts, state standards, scientific articles). Not always dictionaries in standard terminology consider professional terminological norm. The modern Ukrainian terminological fund of architecture makes specific, quantitatively big and qualitatively various layer of terminological lexicon in the typological characteristic of system. Architecture terminology is a component of Ukrainian terminological system with characteristic common features for system both the especial thematic and structural organisation which has differences in the language organisation of system.
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Zhang, Wenfeng, Zhendong Liu, Xiong Liu, Yili Jin, Qixiao Wang und Rong Hong. „Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach for the First-Stage Separation System of Launch Vehicle“. Actuators 11, Nr. 12 (07.12.2022): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11120366.
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This paper proposes a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methodology to design a first-stage separation system for a launch vehicle. It focuses on the whole process of system modeling, such as modeling the requirements analysis, logical architecture design, physical architecture design, and system verification and validation. Finally, the component requirements are obtained as the baseline for the component design. Requirements analysis is carried out by identifying stakeholders with the cycle modeling for this system and the use of case modeling to ensure that the requirements are comprehensive and correct. Additionally, the standard system requirements are obtained and baselined. Based on system requirements, the trade-off analysis of hierarchical functional architecture and key indicators was mainly carried out to design the logical architecture. Once the logical architecture was decided, the logical architecture was allocated to the physical architecture to be implemented. Several physical architectures are analyzed hierarchically to seek the optimal architectures. Then, other CAE analysis tools were integrated to verify the physical architecture design. All these processes are modeled and integrated as the authority system model, which benefits the system engineer for managing the requirement changes easier and rapidly provides multi-views for different roles.
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Al-Qaysi, Qoutaiba, Said M. Easa und Nouman Ali. „Proposed Canadian automated highway system architecture: object-oriented approach“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, Nr. 6 (01.12.2003): 955–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-043.
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Recent advances in the fields of data communication and automated controls make the implementation of automated highway systems (AHSs) more possible. Currently, substantial research effort is being made on the design of intelligent transportation system (ITS) architectures in Europe, Japan, the United States, and Canada. These architectures, however, have major limitations inherit in the design methodology used. Most ITS developers use a process-oriented approach for the design of the architecture that reduces its quality attributes (stability and flexibility) to future changes. This paper presents an approach to implement object-oriented design methodology in the Canadian intelligent transportation system (C-ITS) architecture for AHS. It was also shown that the C-ITS architecture needs a backup communication system to be integrated within the C-ITS architecture. Such a backup system would aid the reliability of future transportation systems to be developed based on this architecture. The proposed C-ITS architecture promotes flexibility, stability, and communication and, as such, should be of interest to ITS developers and researchers.Key words: intelligent transportation systems, architecture, automated highways, object-oriented approach, backup communication.
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Matta, A., T. Tolio, F. Karaesmen und Y. Dallery. „A new system architecture compared with conventional production system architectures“. International Journal of Production Research 38, Nr. 17 (November 2000): 4159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540050204993.
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Ashadi, Ashadi. „POSITIONING ARCHITECTURE IN CULTURE“. DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment) 47, Nr. 1 (29.06.2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.47.1.27-34.
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Architecture could be defined as the relation of form-function-meaning in a cultural framework. This paper aimed to understand the position of architecture in culture. The method used was correlation and interpretation. Correlation method connected architectural forms with cultural forms, while interpretation method provided an interpretation of the relationship between the two, and the position of architecture in culture. The results showed that architecture as part of culture had almost the same form between the two. Architectural term included forms, functions, meanings, and ideas, while cultural term included physical culture, behavior patterns or social, value, and ideas systems. The architectural form became part of the physical form of culture, the architectural function became part of the form of social cultural system, the architectural meaning became part of the cultural value system, and the architectural ideas became part of the cultural ideas systems
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Samoylenko, H. T., und A. V. Selivanova. „Features of microservices architecture in e-commerce systems“. Mathematical machines and systems 3 (2023): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34121/1028-9763-2023-3-51-58.
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The development of information system architectures for e-commerce is a crucial task for busi-nesses in today's digital environment. This article presents a comparative analysis of different types of information system architectures used in e-commerce. The paper examines the specific characteristics of e-commerce and the requirements of web applications that support electronic business operations. Traditional monolithic architecture, microservices architecture, and server-less architecture have been characterized, and their advantages and disadvantages have been identified. Technological solutions in the field of e-commerce development have been studied to create an efficient and user-friendly platform. The article highlights such key architectural aspects as scalability, flexibility, deployment speed and management, reliability, and develop-ment and operational costs. The impact of each architecture type on performance and alignment with e-commerce business needs has been analyzed. This analysis will assist in the creation or modernization of information systems for e-commerce, enabling an informed choice of archi-tectural approach. The article specifically examines the advantages and disadvantages of micro-services architecture for developing e-commerce web applications, particularly using the Spring Boot framework. It explores how microservices can provide modularity and facilitate the devel-opment, deployment, and maintenance of e-commerce web applications. Such challenges of mi-croservices architecture as managing and coordinating services, as well as addressing data con-sistency and transaction management in distributed environments have been discussed. Some possible approaches and technical tools to overcome these challenges in the context of e-commerce web applications based on Spring Boot have been considered.
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Uchitel, Sebastian, Robert Chatley, Jeff Kramer und Jeff Magee. „System architecture“. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 29, Nr. 6 (November 2004): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1041685.1029903.
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Ananthavijayan, Ramesh, Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Jens Holm-Nielsen, Frede Blaabjerg und Viliam Fedak. „Software Architectures for Smart Grid System—A Bibliographical Survey“. Energies 12, Nr. 6 (26.03.2019): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061183.
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Smart grid software interconnects multiple Engineering disciplines (power systems, communication, software and hardware technology, instrumentation, big data, etc.). The software architecture is an evolving concept in smart grid systems, in which system architecture development is a challenging process. The architecture has to realize the complex legacy power grid systems and cope with current Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The distributed generation in a smart grid environment expects the software architecture to be distributed and to enable local control. Smart grid architecture should also be modular, flexible, and adaptable to technology upgrades. In this paper, the authors have made a comprehensive review of architectures for smart grids. An in depth analysis of layered and agent-based architectures based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conceptual model is presented. Also presented is a set of smart grid Reference Architectures dealing with cross domain technology.
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Liu, Hao, Ke Zhang, Xiaojing Wang, Tongyan Qi und Chunyan Wang. „Effective and Sustainable Development of Chinese National Intelligent Transportation System Architecture“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1910, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191000106.
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The development of an intelligent transportation system (ITS) architecture has attracted increasing attention across the world because such an architecture provides a common reference for the ITS community. Standardization of procedures in the development of an ITS architecture is necessary and urgent because of the architecture's inherent complexity, which requires the involvement of several development teams. Although a computer-aided systems engineering model is widely adopted to accomplish parts of the development task, so far no countries define a strict, clear, and applicable procedure to aid the development teams. This paper first briefly introduces the general methodology for the development of ITS architectures. Then it describes the reasons why a new development tool is needed and examines the components of this development tool. This tool provides developers with support by simplifying and standardizing the entire procedure of ITS architecture development. It reduces developers’ workload significantly, improves efficiency, and ensures completeness and consistency of the ITS architecture. It is the first attempt to integrate every step of ITS architecture development procedure into a single package, which has proved to be of great help for Chinese development teams in accomplishing this task effectively and easily in a sustainable way.
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Shan, Guangbao, Yanwen Zheng, Chaoyang Xing, Dongdong Chen, Guoliang Li und Yintang Yang. „Architecture of Computing System based on Chiplet“. Micromachines 13, Nr. 2 (28.01.2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020205.
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Computing systems are widely used in medical diagnosis, climate prediction, autonomous vehicles, etc. As the key part of electronics, the performance of computing systems is crucial in the intellectualization of the equipment. The conflict between performance, efficiency, and cost can be solved by choosing an appropriate computing system architecture. In order to provide useful advice and instructions for the designers to fabricate high-performance computing systems, this paper reviews the Chiplet-based computing system architectures, including computing architecture and memory architecture. Firstly, the computing architecture used for high-performance computing, mobile, and PC is presented and summarized. Secondly, the memory architecture based on mainstream memory and emerging non-volatile memory used for data storing and processing are introduced, and the key parameters of memory are compared and discussed. Finally, this paper is concluded, and the future perspectives of computing system architecture based on Chiplet are presented.
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Bagušytė, Lina, und Audronė Lupeikienė. „Verslo ir informacinių sistemų integravimas: architektūrinis aspektas“. Informacijos mokslai 42, Nr. 43 (01.01.2008): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2008.0.3426.
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Informacinių sistemų ir jų programinės įrangos kūrimo metodai turi leisti integruoti verslo, informacijos apdorojimo ir programinės įrangos komponentus ir taip eliminuoti programų sistemų teikiamų paslaugų atotrūkį nuo realių kompiuterizuojamos įmonės poreikių. Kai verslo sistema atmeta arba priešinasi naujai informacinei sistemai, vadinasi, yra netinkama ne kokia nors sudėtinė šios sistemos dalis, o visos sistemos logika, t. y. jos architektūra. Todėl pasirenkant perkamą sistemą ar kūrimometu priimant projektinius sprendimus turi būti atsižvelgiama, kad šios sistemos architektūra atitiktų verslo sistemos architektūrą. Straipsnyje aptariama verslo ir informacinių sistemų integravimo problema, sistemų architektūros stiliai ir architektūriniai freimai, susiejantys tam tikros klasės sistemą su tinkamu architektūros stiliumi. Šio straipsnio tikslas – parodyti, kad sprendžiant verslo ir informacinės sistemos integravimo problemą reikia užtikrinti šių sistemų architektūrų atitikimą, taip pat nustatytiprielaidas tinkamam kuriamos informacinės sistemos architektūros stiliui pasirinkti.*Business and information system alignment: architectural aspectLina Bagušytė, Audronė Lupeikienė SummaryMethods for information systems and software development should enable to integrate business, information processing and software components in order to eliminate the gap between the services provided by software and the real needs of computerized enterprise. When business system rejects or resists to newly developed information system, it implies that not some constituent parts, but the whole logic of the system, i. e. its architecture, is not suitable. It is necessary to consider the alignment of business system architecture to information system architecture when purchasing the system or making design decisions in development stage. This paper analyses business and information systems integration problem, surveysthe architectural styles and architectural frames, which relate particular problem frames to relevant architectural style. The main purpose of this paper is to show that business and information systems integration problem includes the alignment of their architectures. The suggestions how to choose relevant architectural style for the particular information system are given, as well.
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Nivethitha, V., und P. M Abhinaya. „Combinatorics based problem specific software architecture formulation using multi-objective genetic algorithm“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 1.7 (05.02.2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.7.9579.
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In Software Development Process, the design of complex systems is an important phase where software architects have to deal with abstract artefacts, procedures and ideas to discover the most suitable underlying architecture. Due to uncontrolled modifications of the design and frequent change of requirements, many of the working systems do not have a proper architecture. Most of the approaches recover the architectural blocks at the end of the development process which are not appropriate to the system considered. In order to structure these systems software components compositions and interactions should be properly adjusted which is a tedious work. Search-based Software Engineering (SBSE) is an emerging area which can support the decision making process of formulating the software architecture from initial analysis models. Thus component-based architectures is articulated as a multiple optimisation problem using evolutionary algorithms. Totally different metrics is applied looking on the design needs and also the specific domain. Thus during this analysis work, an effort has been created to propose a multi objective evolutionary approach for the invention of the underlying software system architectures beside a versatile encoding structure, correct style metrics for the fitness operate to enhance the standard and accuracy of the software system design.
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Bilokon, O. S. „Software Architecture of Navigation Systems for Control Modules of Robotics“. Èlektronnoe modelirovanie 45, Nr. 5 (10.10.2023): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/emodel.45.05.103.
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The peculiarities of the software architecture of navigation systems of robotic control modules are considered. Particular attention is focused on the reproduced classifications of the characteristics of architectural solutions. The three-functional architecture of the Shakey robot, the architecture of R. Brooks (Subsumption), and Boltzmann's intellectual model were studied in detail. Three-level architectural system LAAS, multi-level architecture CLARAty, intelligent real-time control system CIRCA are also considered.
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Zain, Noorhasanah. „PEMODELAN ARSITEKTUR ENTERPRISE MENGGUNAKAN METODE TOGAF ADM (Studi Kasus: SMAN 1 WATUBANGGA)“. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Terapan 5, Nr. 1 (03.04.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jtit.v5i1.72.
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SMA Negeri 1 Watubangga is one of the schools in Kolaka Regency that implement the flagship program, but the current condition of SMA Negeri 1 Watubangga does not have an integrated information system architecture according to the needs and objectives of the school, this problem arises because the school has not focused on the process development of information systems. Therefore it is necessary design of information system architecture SMA Negeri 1 Watubangga. Architectural modeling in this research using TOGAF Framework (The Open Group Architecture Framework) with ADM (Architecture Development Methode) method. Stages used are the preparation of architectural vision, business architecture, information system architecture, technology architecture, opportunities and solutions and migration plans.The result of this enterprise architecture modeling is the blue print model and framework in integrated school information system modeling to support the needs of SMAN 1 Watubangga.
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Zhang, Meng, Lingzhi Wang und Qingwen Zhang. „Research on Subjective-Cultural Ecological Design System of Vernacular Architecture“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 20 (20.10.2022): 13564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013564.
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With the impact of urbanization and other factors, the vernacular architectural heritage faces the problem of how to carry on and innovate for sustainable development with originality and authenticity in the process of redesigning and planning. Therefore, this study uses the visualization method of quantitative analysis to analyze the research trends and hot spots of domestic vernacular architecture and explore new ways of coexistence between vernacular architecture, subject perception and cultural ecology. The critical challenge of this study is to analyze the theoretical coupling action rule between the socio-cultural structure of emotions and the cultural ecosystem of vernacular architecture, drawing on the concept of cultural ecology and the reasoning method of transmission relations in logical deduction. The main contribution of this study is to propose the concept of a subjective-cultural ecological design system for the sustainable development of vernacular architecture, to establish a three-dimensional structural analysis design paradigm and an evaluation analysis matrix, and to make vernacular architecture present the self-renewal ability of continuous exchange and revision in the dynamic cycle of this design system. This study aims to provide a standardized and flexible design research framework for contemporary vernacular architecture’s innovation and sustainable development.
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Tsai, Jeffrey J. P., A. P. Sistla, Avinash Sahay und Ray Paul. „Incremental Verification of Architecture Specification Language for Real-Time Systems“. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 08, Nr. 03 (September 1998): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194098000194.
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The concept of software architecture has recently emerged as a new way to improve our ability to effectively construct large scale software systems. However, there is no formal architecture specification language available to model and analyze temporal properties of complex real-time systems. In this paper, an object-oriented logic-based architecture specification language for real-time systems is discussed. Representation of the temporal properties and timing constraints, and their integration with the language to model real-time concurrent systems is given. Architecture based specification languages enable the construction of large system architectures and provide a means of testing and validation. In general, checking the timing constraints of real-time systems is done by applying model checking to the constraint expressed as a formula in temporal logic. The complexity of such a formal method depends on the size of the representation of the system. It is possible that this size could increase exponentially when the system consists of several concurrently executing real-time processes. This means that the complexity of the algorithm will be exponential in the number of processes of the system and thus the size of the system becomes a limiting factor. Such a problem has been defined in the literature as "state explosion problem". We propose a method of incremental verification of architectural specifications for real-time systems. The method has a lower complexity in a sense that it does not work on the whole state space, but only on a subset of it that is relevant to the property to be verified.
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Mišovič, Milan, und Oldřich Faldík. „Applying of component system development in object methodology“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, Nr. 7 (2013): 2515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072515.
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In the last three decades, the concept and implementation of component-based architectures have been promoted in software systems creation. Increasingly complex demands are placed on the software component systems, in particular relating to the dynamic properties. The emergence of such requirements has been gradually enforced by the practice of development and implementation of these systems, especially for information systems software.Just the information systems (robust IS) of different types require that target software meets their requirements. Among other things, we mean primarily the adaptive processes of different domains, high distributives due to the possibilities of the Internet 2.0, acceptance of high integrity of life domains (process, data and communications integrity), scalability, and flexible adaptation to process changes, a good context for external devices and transparent structure of the sub-process modules and architectural units.Of course, the target software of required qualities and the type robust cannot be a monolith. As commonly known, development of design toward information systems software has clearly come to the need for the software composition of completely autonomous, but cooperating architectural units that communicate with each other using messages of prescribed formats.Although for such units there were often used the so called subsystems and modules, see (Jac, Boo, Rumbo, 1998) and (Arlo, Neus, 2007), their abstraction being gradually enacted as the term component. In other words, the subsystems and modules are specific types of components.In (Král, Žeml, 2000) and (Král, Žeml, 2003) there are considered two types of target software of information systems. The first type – there are SWC (Software Components), composed of permanently available components, which are thought as services – Confederate software. The second type – SWA (Software Alliance), called semi Confederate, formed during the run-time of the software system and referred to as software alliance.In both of these mentioned publications there is delivered deep philosophy of relevant issues relating to SWC / SWA as creating copies of components (cloning), the establishment and destruction of components at software run-time (dynamic reconfiguration), cooperation of autonomous components, programmable management of components interface in depending on internal components functionality and customer requirements (functionality, security, versioning).Nevertheless, even today we can meet numerous cases of SWC / SWA existence, with a highly developed architecture that is accepting vast majority of these requests. On the other hand, in the development practice of component-based systems with a dynamic architecture (i.e. architecture with dynamic reconfiguration), and finally with a mobile architecture (i.e. architecture with dynamic component mobility) confirms the inadequacy of the design methods contained in UML 2.0. It proves especially the dissertation thesis (Rych, Weis, 2008). Software Engineering currently has two different approaches to systems SWC / SWA. The first approach is known as component-oriented software development CBD (Component based Development). According to (Szyper, 2002) that is a collection of CBD methodologies that are heavily focused on the setting up and software components re-usability within the architecture. Although CBD does not show high theoretical approach, nevertheless, it is classified under the general evolution of SDP (Software Development Process), see (Sommer, 2010) as one of its two dominant directions.From a structural point of view, a software system consists of self-contained, interoperable architectural units – components based on well-defined interfaces. Classical procedural object-oriented methodologies significantly do not use the component meta-models, based on which the target component systems are formed, then. Component meta-models describe the syntax, semantics of components. They are a system of rules for components, connectors and configuration. Component meta-models for dynamic and mobile architectures also describe the concept of rules for configuration changes (rules for reconfiguration). As well-known meta-models are now considered: Wright for static architecture, SOFA and Darvin for dynamic architecture and SOFA 2.0 for mobile architecture, see (Rych, Weis, 2008).The CBD approach verbally defines the basic terms as component (primitive / composite), interface, component system, configuration, reconfiguration, logical (structural) view, process view (behavioral), static component architecture, dynamic architecture, mobile architecture (fully dynamic architecture), see (IEEE Report, 2000) and (Crnk, Chaud, 2006).The CBD approach also presents several ADL languages (Architecture Description Languages) which are able to describe software architecture. The known languages are integration ACME and UML (Unified Modeling Language), see (Garl, Mon, Wil, 2000) and (UNIFEM, 2005).The second approach to SWC / SWA systems is formed on SOA, but this article does not deal with it consistently.SOA is a philosophy of architecture. SOA is not a methodology for the comprehensive development of the target software. Nevertheless, SOA successfully filled the role of software design philosophy and on the other hand, also gave an important concept linking software components and their architectural units – business services. SOA understands any software as a Component System of a business service and solved life components in it. The physical implementation of components is given by a Web services platform. A certain lack of SOA is its weak link to the business processes that are a universally recognized platform for business activities and the source for the creation of enterprise services.This paper deals with a specific activity in the CBD, i.e. the integration of the concept of component-based system into an advanced procedural, object-oriented methodology (Arlo, Neust, 2007), (Kan, Müller, 2005), (Krutch, 2003) for problem domains with double-layer process logic. There is indicated an integration method, based on a certain meta-model (Applying of the Component system Development in object Methodology) and leading to the component system formation. The mentioned meta-model is divided into partial workflows that are located in different stages of a classic object process-based methodology. Into account there are taken the consistency of the input and output artifacts in working practices of the meta-model and mentioned object methodology. This paper focuses on static component systems that are starting to explore dynamic and mobile component systems.In addition, in the contribution the component system is understood as a specific system, for its system properties and basic terms notation being used a set and graph and system algebra.
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LaSorda, Michael, John M. Borky und Ronald M. Sega. „Model-based architecture and programmatic optimization for satellite system-of-systems architectures“. Systems Engineering 21, Nr. 4 (14.05.2018): 372–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sys.21444.
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Jakaria Rahmanto, Reza. „Design Of Strategic Information System Blueprint With Enterprise Architecture Planning Method“. Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) 2, Nr. 6 (14.06.2023): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58631/injurity.v2i6.88.
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The rapid and dynamic development of information technology in today's digital era has a significant impact on organizations in managing information and data. This also applies to universities that need to optimize data and information management in order to improve service quality and organizational performance. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate and integrated strategic information system, which is able to support the decision-making process effectively and efficiently, as well as integrate various functions and processes in various organizational units on campus. Enterprise is a set of organizations that have several general goals / principles and / or a baseline. Higher education is one of the enterprises engaged in education. The increasing need for data and information in business functions carried out by a university is one of the drivers of the use of information systems in universities. Therefore, in this study will be designed on 3 (three) architectural models, namely data architecture, architecture, applications and technology architectures using the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) method.
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Rizki, Fahlul, Ulfa Isni Kurnia, Alfina Alfina und Priyono Priyono. „Perencanaan Arsitektur Sistem Informasi Sekolah dengan Pendekatan Togaf-Adm dalam Penerapan Standar Nasional Pendidikan“. Infotek : Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi 7, Nr. 1 (20.01.2024): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/jit.v7i1.23072.
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To help the School achieve SNP, enterprise architecture modeling brings its business strategy and technology together. The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) can be used as the framework to organize the structures and objects related to the organization in architectural modeling. A method, such as the Architecture Development Method (ADM), is also used to determine the Enterprise Architecture in detail.The goal of information system architectural design analysis is to get a clear image of the information system and better communicate to users how it will operate. In this study, a generic architectural model design connected to the organization's vision and goal was generated using the TOGAF technique as a tool for building and designing enterprise architecture. The study's findings point to a connection between various types of architecture, starting with business architecture, application architecture, and information system architecture, which can create a framework for constructing and developing integrated information systems in schools that can be used as a guide by all organizational units. The outcomes of combining the three primary activities' information system planning and application efforts will be used as tools to support the school's vision, purpose, and goals.
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Amalia, Nadia, und Djarot Hindarto. „Enterprise Architecture for Efficient Integration of IoT Lighting System in Smart City Framework“. sinkron 8, Nr. 2 (15.04.2024): 1091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i2.13591.
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This research investigates the influence of enterprise architecture design in integrating Internet of Things (IoT)-based street lighting systems into an innovative city framework, emphasizing the importance of efficient lighting infrastructure as a fundamental component of a creative urban ecosystem. With a focus on building an architectural model that supports the integration of IoT street lighting with other components of a smart city, this research addresses the knowledge gap in optimizing enterprise architecture design for integration efficiency, considering technological complexity and interoperability needs between systems. The methodology applied involved an in-depth analysis of the architectural components essential to facilitate the integration of IoT-based street lighting within the more extensive intelligent city infrastructure. The findings of this study show that a well-structured enterprise architecture model can significantly improve operational efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and provide a rich source of data for strategic decision-making regarding the management and maintenance of city infrastructure. Furthermore, these results emphasize the importance of an adaptive and unified architecture design, which not only improves the functionality of the lighting system but also strengthens the synergy between IoT technologies and innovative city operations. These discoveries have a wide range of repercussions and implications, offering new insights into designing enterprise architectures that can support the transition to more efficient and sustainable smart cities, thereby improving the quality of service for citizens.
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Akikawa, Motohiro, und Masayuki Yamamura. „Materializing Architecture for Processing Multimodal Signals for a Humanoid Robot Control System“. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 25, Nr. 3 (20.05.2021): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2021.p0335.
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In recent years, many systems have been developed to embed deep learning in robots. Some use multimodal information to achieve higher accuracy. In this paper, we highlight three aspects of such systems: cost, robustness, and system optimization. First, because the optimization of large architectures using real environments is computationally expensive, developing such architectures is difficult. Second, in a real-world environment, noise, such as changes in lighting, is often contained in the input. Thus, the architecture should be robust against noise. Finally, it can be difficult to coordinate a system composed of individually optimized modules; thus, the system is better optimized as one architecture. To address these aspects, a simple and highly robust architecture, namely memorizing and associating converted multimodal signal architecture (MACMSA), is proposed in this study. Verification experiments are conducted, and the potential of the proposed architecture is discussed. The experimental results show that MACMSA diminishes the effects of noise and obtains substantially higher robustness than a simple autoencoder. MACMSA takes us one step closer to building robots that can truly interact with humans.
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Rana, Tauseef, Yawar Abbas Bangash, Abdullah Baz, Toqir Ahmad Rana und Muhammad Ali Imran. „Incremental Composition Process for the Construction of Component-Based Management Systems“. Sensors 20, Nr. 5 (29.02.2020): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051351.
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Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are composed of software and hardware components. Many such systems (e.g., IoT based systems) are created by composing existing systems together. Some of these systems are of critical nature, e.g., emergency or disaster management systems. In general, component-based development (CBD) is a useful approach for constructing systems by composing pre-built and tested components. However, for critical systems, a development method must provide ways to verify the partial system at different stages of the construction process. In this paper, for system architectures, we propose two styles: rigid architecture and flexible architecture. A system architecture composed of independent components by coordinating exogenous connectors is in flexible architecture style category. For CBD of critical systems, we select EX-MAN from flexible architecture style category. Moreover, we define incremental composition mechanism for this model to construct critical systems from a set of system requirements. Incremental composition is defined to offer preservation of system behaviour and correctness of partial architecture at each incremental step. To evaluate our proposed approach, a case study of weather monitoring system (part of a disaster management) system was built using our EX-MAN tool.
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Liang, Chen, Zhenwu Chen, Liang Yang, Zihan Guo, Xianglong Feng, Zhijun Huang, Xiang Liu et al. „Physical Architecture Simulation Based on System Dynamics Modelling for an Autonomous Transportation System Scenario“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (09.05.2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9390468.
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With the rapid growth of traffic demand and the development of intelligent technology, autonomous transportation system (ATS) has been considered as future transportation system. The evaluation of a designed physical architecture of ATS is necessary for understanding whether and how ATS operates and evolves automatically without manual works, and architecture simulation is a method for solving such research problem. Therefore, in this study, architecture simulation based on system dynamics modelling has been employed for physical architecture research. Under this methodology, a simulation case for scenario “Autonomous Vehicle on a Crossing in an Autonomous Transportation System” has been studied for understanding the information flow in ATS to evaluate and optimise its physical architecture of ATS. In conclusion, the system dynamic model could help researchers understand and evaluate the physical architecture’s operation of ATS by scenario analysis.
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Agerwala, T., J. L. Martin, J. H. Mirza, D. C. Sadler, D. M. Dias und M. Snir. „SP2 system architecture“. IBM Systems Journal 34, Nr. 2 (1995): 414–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/sj.342.0152.
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Agerwala, T., J. L. Martin, J. H. Mirza, D. C. Sadler, D. M. Dias und M. Snir. „SP2 system architecture“. IBM Systems Journal 38, Nr. 2.3 (1999): 414–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/sj.382.0414.
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Eckert, Claudia, und Marija Jankovic. „System architecture design“. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 30, Nr. 3 (14.07.2016): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060416000202.
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Theophilopoulos, Nick, Stelios G. Efstathiadis und Yannis Petropoulos. „TravelInfo System Architecture“. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, Nr. 8 (Juni 1997): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)43942-5.
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Charuba, Jacek. „PCI system architecture“. Control Engineering Practice 4, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1996): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0661(96)85107-0.
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Coffield, David. „Network system architecture“. Computer Communications 14, Nr. 1 (Januar 1991): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(91)90085-f.
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Stojev, M. „ARM System Architecture“. Microelectronics Journal 29, Nr. 7 (Juli 1998): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2692(98)80011-6.
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Boot, Arnoud W. A., und Anjan V. Thakor. „Financial System Architecture“. Review of Financial Studies 10, Nr. 3 (Juli 1997): 693–733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/10.3.693.
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Basso, Richard J., Hugh J. Beuscher, Iris S. Dowden, Richard J. Piereth und Samuel M. Salchenberger. „OSPS System Architecture“. AT&T Technical Journal 68, Nr. 6 (12.11.1989): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1989.tb00091.x.
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Pan, Cheng-An, und Taysheng Jeng. „Cellular Robotic Architecture“. International Journal of Architectural Computing 10, Nr. 3 (September 2012): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1478-0771.10.3.319.
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An emerging need for interactive architecture is currently making buildings mutable, flexible in use, and adaptable to changes in climate by introducing robotic systems. However, the feasibility of the seamless integration of building construction details and kinetic robotics has become a critical issue for developing robotic architecture. The objective of this work is to develop a robotic architecture with an emphasis on the integration of cellular robotics with a distributed kinetic building surface. The kinetic building surface integrates an actuating system, a localization and remote control system, which become part of the kinetic building system. This paper presents a systematic framework by reviewing theories and related work of robotic architecture and automated control. An architectural design scheme is proposed to simulate a scenario of application in a physical space. The functionality of the electrical and control system and the integration of the effects of actual construction were examined by a prototype of a kinetic surface. Our prototype presents a feasible construction method, and a prominent energy-saving effect. The potential strength and restrictions of the cellular robotic approach to architectural applications are discussed. The applicability of the prototype system and issues about controlling the behavior of spatial robots are demonstrated in this paper.
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Karasik, O. N., und A. A. Prihozhy. „ADVANCED SCHEDULER FOR COOPERATIVE EXECUTION OF THREADS ON MULTI-CORE SYSTEM“. «System analysis and applied information science», Nr. 1 (04.05.2017): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2017-1-4-11.
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Three architectures of the cooperative thread scheduler in a multithreaded application that is executed on a multi-core system are considered. Architecture A0 is based on the synchronization and scheduling facilities, which are provided by the operating system. Architecture A1 introduces a new synchronization primitive and a single queue of the blocked threads in the scheduler, which reduces the interaction activity between the threads and operating system, and significantly speed up the processes of blocking and unblocking the threads. Architecture A2 replaces the single queue of blocked threads with dedicated queues, one for each of the synchronizing primitives, extends the number of internal states of the primitive, reduces the inter- dependence of the scheduling threads, and further significantly speeds up the processes of blocking and unblocking the threads. All scheduler architectures are implemented on Windows operating systems and based on the User Mode Scheduling. Important experimental results are obtained for multithreaded applications that implement two blocked parallel algorithms of solving the linear algebraic equation systems by the Gaussian elimination. The algorithms differ in the way of the data distribution among threads and by the thread synchronization models. The number of threads varied from 32 to 7936. Architecture A1 shows the acceleration of up to 8.65% and the architecture A2 shows the acceleration of up to 11.98% compared to A0 architecture for the blocked parallel algorithms computing the triangular form and performing the back substitution. On the back substitution stage of the algorithms, architecture A1 gives the acceleration of up to 125%, and architecture A2 gives the acceleration of up to 413% compared to architecture A0. The experiments clearly show that the proposed architectures, A1 and A2 outperform A0 depending on the number of thread blocking and unblocking operations, which happen during the execution of multi-threaded applications. The conducted computational experiments demonstrate the improvement of parameters of multithreaded applications on a heterogeneous multi-core system due the proposed advanced versions of the thread scheduler.
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Papapostolu, A., und D. Birov. „Architecture Evolution through Dynamic Reconfiguration in jADL“. Information Technologies and Control 15, Nr. 1 (01.03.2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itc-2017-0019.
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Abstract In software architecture the dynamic structure of a software system can be described in terms of components and connectors and expressed through the use of Architectural Description Languages (ADLs). We present jADL, a new ADL, designed for the creation and validation of dynamic and mobile architectures. It, also, aims to help towards the process of “unifying” the definition and implementation of an architecture in a way that the final result is consistent with the architecture in terms of both functional requirements and quality attributes. In this paper, we examine into details the definition and expression of jADL’s architectural elements; components, connectors, ports, roles and behaviour describing statements – attach, detach, config, bind. The attributes of synchronicity and multiplicity concerning the connections between architectural elements are presented. A special case of connections is presented – the bind statement and the construction of composite architectural elements. Also, a case study of the client-server dynamic model in jADL is presented and the possibilities of jADL for dynamic reconfiguration are explored.
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Tummers, J., A. Kassahun und B. Tekinerdogan. „Reference architecture design for farm management information systems: a multi-case study approach“. Precision Agriculture 22, Nr. 1 (01.06.2020): 22–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-020-09728-0.
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AbstractOne of the key elements of precision agriculture is the farm management information system (FMIS) that is responsible for data management, analytics and subsequent decision support. Various FMISs have been developed to support the management of farm businesses. A key artefact in the development of FMISs is the software architecture that defines the gross level structure of the system. The software architecture is important for understanding the system, analysing the design decisions and guiding the further development of the system based on the architecture. To assist in the design of the FMIS architecture, several reference architectures have been provided in the literature. Unfortunately, in practice, it is less trivial to derive the application architecture from these reference architectures. Two underlying reasons for this were identified. First of all, it appears that the proposed reference architectures do not specifically focus on FMIS but have a rather broad scope of the agricultural domain in general. Secondly, the proposed reference architectures do not seem to have followed the proper architecture documentation guidelines as defined in the software architecture community, lack precision, and thus impeding the design of the required application architectures. Presented in this article is a novel reference architecture that is dedicated to the specific FMIS domain, and which is documented using the software architecture documentation guidelines. In addition, the systematic approach for deriving application architectures from the proposed reference architecture is provided. To illustrate the approach, the results of multi-case study research are shown in which the presented reference architecture is used for deriving different FMIS application architectures.
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Lavendelis, Egons, und Janis Bicans. „Multi-Agent and Service Oriented Architectures for Intelligent Tutoring System Development“. Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Computer Sciences 44, Nr. 1 (01.01.2011): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10143-011-0017-2.
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Multi-Agent and Service Oriented Architectures for Intelligent Tutoring System DevelopmentTraditional modular architecture of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) does not provide sufficient modularity of complex ITSs. Distributed technologies like services and agents are used to increase modularity of ITSs by implementing traditional modules as sets of services or agents. The paper describes holonic agent architecture that implements each module as one or more holonic agents. It uses the lessons learned from the multi-agent architecture to propose service oriented ITS architecture.
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Alamin M, Hind, und Hany H. Ammar. „Concerns-Based Reverse Engineering for Partial Software Architecture Visualization“. JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 4, Nr. 2 (26.05.2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.4.2.357.
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Recently, reverse engineering (RE) is becoming one of the essential engineering trends for software evolution and maintenance. RE is used to support the process of analyzing and recapturing the design information in legacy systems or complex systems during the maintenance phase. The major problem stakeholders might face in understanding the architecture of existing software systems is that the knowledge of software architecture information is difficult to obtain because of the size of the system, and the existing architecture document often is missing or does not match the current implementation of the source code. Therefore, much more effort and time are needed from multiple stakeholders such as developers, maintainers and architects for obtaining and re-documenting and visualizing the architecture of a target system from its source code files. The current works is mainly focused on the developer viewpoint. In this paper, we present a RE methodology for visualizing architectural information for multiple stakeholders and viewpoints based on applying the RE process on specific parts of the source code. The process is driven by eliciting stakeholders’ concerns on specific architectural viewpoints to obtain and visualize architectural information related these concerns. Our contributions are three fold: 1- The RE methodology is based on the IEEE 1471 standard for architectural description and supports concerns of stakeholder including the end-user and maintainer; 2- It supports the visualization of a particular part of the target system by providing a visual model of the architectural representation which highlights the main components needed to execute specific functionality of the target system, 3- The methodology also uses architecture styles to organize the visual architecture information. We illustrate the methodology using a case study of a legacy web application system.
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Öztaş, Saniye Karaman, und Cahide Aydin İpekçi. „INNOVATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL SYSTEM EDUCATION IN ARCHITECTURE“. CBU International Conference Proceedings 3 (19.09.2015): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v3.610.
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Structural systems, which play an important role in today’s architectural education, have become an issue that is analyzed by mega structures using different disciplines in the process from the design stage to the construction stage. While design and structural system studies are performed together in practice, architecture students usually have difficulty in reflecting their learning from the structural system course into their design studio in architectural education. In this study, information about education method for "Structural System and Technologies I" course, carried out in the fourth semester (second class) in Department of Architecture in Gebze Technical University, was primarily given. Unlike previous teaching methods in this course scope, a structural system modeling to solve the given design problem was requested from the students during spring semester 2015. It was aimed to provide the students with an understanding of general design principles involving structural elements and learning about the necessity in which the structural system should be considered in conjunction with the architectural design, concluding with a two-week assignment. A survey was conducted among 55 architecture students in order to evaluate the outcomes of the assignment. According to the survey results, 61% of the students stated that function, form, and structural system affect on another. 20% of them stated that function, form, and structural system, respectively, have an order of importance in the design process. 9% of them stated that structural system determine form and function. 6 % of them stated that form, function, and structural system, respectively, have an order of importance in the design process. Finally, 4 % of them stated that their relations change depending on the condition. Innovative teaching method in this study is found to be successful because the students have experienced the importance of materials in structural system and learned how to integrate structural system course to architectural design studio. It is intended that this study will benefit architecture students and educators.