Dissertationen zum Thema „Synthèse sur surface“
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Akouche, Mariame. „Synthèse prébiotique de Ribonucléotides sur des surfaces minérales“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066609/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the « RNA world» prebiotic scenario, ribonucleotide polymers are considered as the first biochemical species to have emerged. However, in aqueous solution, their formation through conventional mechanisms of condensation is thermodynamically forbidden. Several synthesis pathways of nucleotides have been described in aqueous solution; most often, they involve chemically activated molecules. Another pathway to nucleotides implies mineral surfaces, which have been considered in prebiotic processes at least since the work of Bernal in 1951. However, these studies have hardly tried to understand surface-molecule interactions and consequently, thermodynamic and/or catalytic effects of mineral surfaces are not well rationalized. In the context of Bernal's hypothesis, we present for the first time an in-situ study of the thermal reactivity of nucleotides “building blocks” adsorbed on mineral surfaces (amorphous silica, saponite) emphasizing the synthesis of nucleotides without chemical activation. In our work, we first show that mineral surfaces are able to trigger the formation of inorganic polyphosphates from monophosphates at moderate temperatures. On the other hand, adsorption of ribose on silica surface improves its thermal stabilization. While ribose decomposes at 90°C in aqueous solutions, it is stable up to 200°C on silica (in the presence of ZnCl2). Secondly, we have demonstrated the formation of PRPP, as important reaction intermediate, by co-adsorption of ribose and inorganic phosphate on the silica surface. Finally, we showed the glycosylation of adenine to adenosine and the formation of AMP (i.e. simultaneous glycosylation and phosphorylation) after co-adsorption of their components on both mineral surfaces employed. A preliminary study even suggests that nucleotide dimerisation can occur in the same conditions
Akouche, Mariame. „Synthèse prébiotique de Ribonucléotides sur des surfaces minérales“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066609.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the « RNA world» prebiotic scenario, ribonucleotide polymers are considered as the first biochemical species to have emerged. However, in aqueous solution, their formation through conventional mechanisms of condensation is thermodynamically forbidden. Several synthesis pathways of nucleotides have been described in aqueous solution; most often, they involve chemically activated molecules. Another pathway to nucleotides implies mineral surfaces, which have been considered in prebiotic processes at least since the work of Bernal in 1951. However, these studies have hardly tried to understand surface-molecule interactions and consequently, thermodynamic and/or catalytic effects of mineral surfaces are not well rationalized. In the context of Bernal's hypothesis, we present for the first time an in-situ study of the thermal reactivity of nucleotides “building blocks” adsorbed on mineral surfaces (amorphous silica, saponite) emphasizing the synthesis of nucleotides without chemical activation. In our work, we first show that mineral surfaces are able to trigger the formation of inorganic polyphosphates from monophosphates at moderate temperatures. On the other hand, adsorption of ribose on silica surface improves its thermal stabilization. While ribose decomposes at 90°C in aqueous solutions, it is stable up to 200°C on silica (in the presence of ZnCl2). Secondly, we have demonstrated the formation of PRPP, as important reaction intermediate, by co-adsorption of ribose and inorganic phosphate on the silica surface. Finally, we showed the glycosylation of adenine to adenosine and the formation of AMP (i.e. simultaneous glycosylation and phosphorylation) after co-adsorption of their components on both mineral surfaces employed. A preliminary study even suggests that nucleotide dimerisation can occur in the same conditions
Hamel, Raymond Jr. „Biocapteurs à champ évanescent : synthèse et caractérisation optique de constructions moléculaires sur substrats solides“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePigot, Corentin. „Dérivés d’indanes : de la chimie sur surface à la synthèse de composés push-pull aux multiples applications“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0542.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndane is a molecular family with a particular importance in organic chemistry. Among them indane-based push-pull dyes have been extensively studied for non-linear optical devices and in solar cells purposes. Some of them, based on indane-1,3-dione core, have also emerged as photoinitiators in photopolymerization with encouraging results but few indane-based dyes were used later on. In this context, indane based push-pull, activable in the all visible range, may have a role to play. At the same time, indanes are well-known to form truxenes, an important motif for nanomaterials, which is why these molecules are seriously considered as synthon for surface chemistry applications. Moreover, the use of the s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, also called “INDO4”, showed a multiple reactivity depend of the nature of the surface. Even if none of the oligomer observed were truxene motifs, a different comportment could still be expected by depositing an indane with a different geometry or nature. Considering the possibility of utilisation in photopolymerization and in surface chemistry, this thesis will treat of the synthesis of various structure in order to obtain the desired properties for these applications
Mouhat, Kawtar. „Elaboration de réseaux bidimensionnels covalents organiques sur surface“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the engineering of nanometer-sized systems is a promising field for the development of little-sized systems. The possibility of extending these systems to applications such as molecular electronics or surface property tuning has attracted much attention to the scientific community. However, in order to construct complex electronic devices from organic molecules, covalent assembly of building blocks on surface is primordial. The researches carried out in this work thesis rest on the construction of two-dimensional frameworks from molecular building blocks deposited on surface. The achievement of such networks consists, first of all, in the synthesis of different precursors and afterwards, in the deposition of these molecular buildingblocks on metallic or graphite surfaces. The growth of such networks is controlled by changing deposition conditions which occurs in ultra-high vacuum or in liquid media. The framework can be built from the precursor itself, which reacts with each other to give rise to the network. Reactions such as self-condensation, oxydative polymerization or either cyclotrimerization are broached. Moreover, reactions between two different precursors are also described. After molecular building block synthesis, on-surface study is detailed which framework characterization is followed by scanning tunneling microscopy
Delgado, Marco. „Complexes d'hafnium supportés sur γ-alumine : synthèse, caractérisation et application en polymérisation des oléfines“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew well-defined hafnium alkyl and hydrid complexes supported on γ-alumina dehydroxylatedt at 500°C, γ-Al2O3-(500°C), have been prepared. The structure of the surface complexes obtained by grafting Hf(CH2tBu)4, 1, on γ-alumina has been resolved by a combined experimental (mass balance analysis, labeling, in situ IR, NMR) and theoretical (DFT calculations) study. Thermolysis, oxidation and hydrogenolysis reactions have unambiguously proved the presence of two kinds of neopentyl-metal bonds: Hf-CH2tBu and Al-CH2tBu. Three coexisting surface complexes have been fully characterized and quantified: a monoaluminoxy- [(≡AlIVO)Hf(CH2tBu)3], a neutral bisaluminoxy [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2], and a zwitterionic bisaluminoxy complex [(≡AlIVO) (AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- in 40 %, 26 %, and 34 %, respectively. Hydrogenolysis reaction of these complexes leads to the formation at 150°C of [(AlsO)3HfH], (70-80%) and [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(H)]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- (20-30%). All these hafnium alkyl and hydrides are active in α-olefin polymerization in absence of a co-catalyst
Čustović, Irma. „De l’auto-assemblage supramoléculaire à la synthèse sur surface : études par microscopie à champ proche“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract : This thesis deals with investigation, by means of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in ultra-high vacuum and Atomic Force Microscopy at ambient conditions, of supramolecular networks based on molecular self-assembly on different kinds of surfaces, such as: Au(111), Si(111)-B and HOPG, as well as investigation of on-surface synthesis of covalently bonded nanostructures. The first chapter presents state-of-the art of noncovalent molecule-molecule interactions that govern supramolecular self-assembling and methods to obtain covalently bonded self-asselblies on surfaces. The second chapter presents theoretical concepts and experimental setups, procedures for preparing clean surfaces, probes and molecular deposition in ultra-high vacuum system and ambient conditions, respecitvely.The third chapter is dedicated to results obtained by STM in UHV system and comparing investigation of supramolecular self-assembling of dipolar LdipCC molecules on Au(111) and Si(111)-B surfaces. Due to suitbale balance between contemplating choice of underlaying substrate and molecule-molecule interactions, LdipCC molecules self-assembled into extended and periodical supramolecular networks on both surfaces. On Au(111) surface, LdipCC molecules formed extended, porous supramolecular network which is govern by molecule-molecule interactions while on n Si(111)-B surface, LdipCC molecules self-assembled into homogenious, extended parallel alingment of molecular dipoles due to significant role of molecule-surface interactions. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the results obtained in ambient conditions which are monitored by AFM Peak Force Tapping mode. Two alkylated molecules, one bearing ethylene moieties and another possesing epoxied moiety, self-assembled into two-dimensional networks on HOPG surface. Ethylene based supramolecular network was exposed the thermal procedure while epoxy based supramolecular network was exposed to UV-light exposure. The proposed mechanisms based on analysis of topography and adhesion AFM images suggest that thermally induced on-surface cycloaddition reaction and UV-light initiated polymerization occurred on HOPG surface. In such a way, two-dimensional self-assembled networks on HOPG surface were converted into covalently bonded supramolecular self-assemblies
EL, Hajjar Jean-François. „Simulation d’écoulements liquides sur des surfaces solides pour l’animation en synthèse d’images“. Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/35c16801-bc89-4db2-ad1a-269bb4576a73/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4034.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn computer graphics where a part of the community focuses on artificially reproducing nature by the mean of computers, natural phenomena (such as wind, ocean, fire and smoke) are of great importance due to their omnipresence in every day’s life. In this scope, droplets are no exception as one can observe them in many occasions and many forms (dew, rain, shower burst, ice cube falling in a cocktail etc. ). Despise the small scale at which the phenomenon occurs, droplets can not be neglected in computer graphics if perception, photo-realism or immersion are seeked. A droplet flow will behave in a suprising complex way, its shape as well as its dynamic being rich in possibilities and oftenly described as unpredictable. In the scope of this thesis, two methods for droplets animation in computer graphics have been explored. In order to understand the essence of the phenomenon and to list the predominant phenomenological caracteristics, a preliminary study in physics (brief for the physicist but suffisant for the infographist) has been necessary. From the understanding of the phenomenon in the sens of the physics as well as the analyse of previous works dedicated to on-surface flows in computer graphics, some limitations have been emphasized which in turn have led to the development of two novel methods different in both concept and scope. The first method is empirical and performs in real-time, it tackles the problem of on-surface flows on planar surfaces. The principal motivations behind this work was the performance issues, which in consequence lead us to pose some hypotheses as well as to consider some simplifications relatively to the phenomenon. This method is aimed at being part of critical time applications where performances are prefered over realism such as in a drive simulator or a video game. In order to animate in a more convincing and realistic way the flow of the droplets, a second method physically based has been explored. As it is in general the case in computer graphics, such methods allows one to attain a great degree of realism at the price of a high computational cost, thus dedicating this type of methods to offline rendering. By inspiring ourselves from the litterature present in the computational fluid domain as well as thoroughly analysing the only method physically based in computer graphics for the animation of droplets on surfaces, we propose in this second method to overcome some limitations with respect to the computational and memory complexity as well as the correctness of the shape of the flow. In conclusion, we present the perspectives that have arised from the development of these two methods
Mouhat, Kawtar. „Elaboration de réseaux bidimensionnels covalents organiques sur surface“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the engineering of nanometer-sized systems is a promising field for the development of little-sized systems. The possibility of extending these systems to applications such as molecular electronics or surface property tuning has attracted much attention to the scientific community. However, in order to construct complex electronic devices from organic molecules, covalent assembly of building blocks on surface is primordial. The researches carried out in this work thesis rest on the construction of two-dimensional frameworks from molecular building blocks deposited on surface. The achievement of such networks consists, first of all, in the synthesis of different precursors and afterwards, in the deposition of these molecular buildingblocks on metallic or graphite surfaces. The growth of such networks is controlled by changing deposition conditions which occurs in ultra-high vacuum or in liquid media. The framework can be built from the precursor itself, which reacts with each other to give rise to the network. Reactions such as self-condensation, oxydative polymerization or either cyclotrimerization are broached. Moreover, reactions between two different precursors are also described. After molecular building block synthesis, on-surface study is detailed which framework characterization is followed by scanning tunneling microscopy
Jaloustre-Audoin, Karine. „SPIRou: synthèse de paysages en infrarouge basé sur la modélisation physique des échanges à la surface“. Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955332.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlamont, Remi. „New syntheses of functional porphyrinoids“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4314.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the development of new meso-substituted porphyrin synthetic methodologies. Some porphyrins were synthesized from the perspective of assembly studies on surfaces after postfunctionalization or not, in the context of several international collaborations. Other porphyrins however served as a model to evaluate the application potential of the proposed new methodologies. Finally, during this work we could also implement a new synthetic methodology allowing access to hexaphyrines meso substituted with degrees of symmetry never described for such compounds.The first chapter of this manuscript reports on the properties, characterization and reactivity of porphyrins and hexaphyrines. The second chapter provides, after a state of the art description on methods of synthesis of macrocycles concerned, exposing synthetic methodologies developed in the heart of this work for alkyl porphyrins A4 then a non-scrambling method applied to porphyrins with lower symmetry degree and finally hexaphyrines. The last chapter refers to the use of these chromophores in assembly processes and their possible functionalization for integrating these processes
Plamont, Remi. „New syntheses of functional porphyrinoids“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4314.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the development of new meso-substituted porphyrin synthetic methodologies. Some porphyrins were synthesized from the perspective of assembly studies on surfaces after postfunctionalization or not, in the context of several international collaborations. Other porphyrins however served as a model to evaluate the application potential of the proposed new methodologies. Finally, during this work we could also implement a new synthetic methodology allowing access to hexaphyrines meso substituted with degrees of symmetry never described for such compounds.The first chapter of this manuscript reports on the properties, characterization and reactivity of porphyrins and hexaphyrines. The second chapter provides, after a state of the art description on methods of synthesis of macrocycles concerned, exposing synthetic methodologies developed in the heart of this work for alkyl porphyrins A4 then a non-scrambling method applied to porphyrins with lower symmetry degree and finally hexaphyrines. The last chapter refers to the use of these chromophores in assembly processes and their possible functionalization for integrating these processes
Pauthenier, Cyrille. „Développement d’une nouvelle méthodologie pour la production de molécules par ingénierie métabolique en délocalisant tout ou partie des réactions enzymatiques sur la surface de S. cerevisiae“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSustainable chemical production is one of the endeavour of the post-oil era. Amongst the possible techniques, metabolic engineering which aims at producing novel compounds through genetic engineering of micro-organism is seen as one of the most promising techniques. One of the problem met by metabolic engineers is often the absence of diffusion or pumping mechanism expelling the compound of interest produced in the cell cytoplasm towards the outer environment, which reduces the process efficiency because of kinetic and toxicity concerns.During this PhD, we explored the possibility of producing impermeable compounds on the surface of a cell by anchoring the last reaction enzyme using « Yeast surface display » techniques.As PhD disputation we first looked at the industrial interest of metabolic engineering in the whole bioeconomy framework. We then looked at the membrane permeability issues met for the production of some compounds. We evaluated the different membrane permeability techniques and explored the possibility realizing a predictive technique using quantitative structure-property relationship (QSAR). We evaluated the different yeast-display systems available and paved the way for the discovery of new systems more suitable for metabolic engineenering. We developped a dedicated program tool for large PCR fragment library design. Finally we built several toy metabolic pathways in yeast in order to evaluate the interest of the technique
Le, Thi Ngoc Ha. „Effets de traitements post-synthèses sur la surface de nanotubes de carbone mono et multi-parois étudiés par la physisorption de gaz“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10072/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study was to understand the influence of various post-synthesis treatments on carbon nanotube surfaces: purification, annealing, ultrasonic cutting, and functionalization. This work deals mainly with rare gas physisorption, but other complementary techniques have also been used such as electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. A systematic approach has been proposed to determine the beginning and the end of the steps (which are usually not well-defined) on the isotherms corresponding to the gas adsorption on single-wall nanotubes. Our results focus in particular on (i) the estimation of the tube opening rate after several of the above mentioned treatments (ii) the validity of the BET method beyond its usual limits and (iii) in the case of functionalization, the selectivity of the grafting process on the carbon nanotube surfaces as opposed to that on the other carbon species present in a sample
Bressy, Christine. „Synthèse de revêtements à base de PVDF et de dérivés phosphonés. Application à l'adhérence sur acier et à l'anticorrosion“. Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHussein, Fatima. „Formation de nanostructures organiques contrôlées par auto-assemblages supramoléculaires et réactions sur surface“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0521.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe controlled formation of new objects at the nanoscale is an important challenge for the development of new materials and electronic devices. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to propose new strategies to control the formation of organic nanostructures on surfaces based on the concepts of supramolecular self-assembly and on-surface synthesis and investigate their properties. First, we studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at ambient conditions the control of the size of the domains formed at the liquid-solid interface on HOPG from a bimolecular solution of trimesic acid (TMA) and benzoic acid (BZA). The results show that the formation of the domains is very sensitive to the stoichiometry ratio between the two molecules and a fine-tuning of this latter is required. Then, we studied the polymerization of 1,4-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzene (DTB) on Cu(111) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) by STM and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), supplemented by non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and theoretical modelling based on the density functional theory (DFT). The results show the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains based on C-S activation. Finally, we demonstrated by STM and XPS under UHV that the use of the bifunctional chiral precursor (R)-6-bromo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BrPhINDO) leads to the formation of different covalently bonded structures on Cu(111) with chiral inversion inducing partial racemization
Taoufik, Mostafa. „Synthèse de dérivés organogermanes chiraux et étude de leur greffage sur la surface métallique du rhodium : application à l'hydrogénation énantiosélective de substrats prochiraux“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlé, Sophie. „Synthèse et caractérisation de mimes de surfaces d'interaction protéine-protéine par voie d'assemblage combinatoire sur châssis spatialement adressable“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011547.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKoerin, Régis. „Influence du mode de synthèse de la boehmite sur l’état de surface de l’alumine gamma mise en forme : application au reformage catalytique“. Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work investigates the relationships between the surface state of-alumina, its acidity after chlorination (1wt. %Cl) and the performances of the associated Pt/Al2O3-Cl catalysts in naphtha reforming. The alumina surface state, characterized by IR spectroscopy, strongly depends on the morphology of the parent boehmite, the proportions of its crystallographic faces being determined by XRD. Different conditions for kneading/extrusion and thermal treatments are applied to each boehmite to obtain alumina extrudates with similar textural properties. These additional treatments also modified the alumina surface state. Rehydration of the extrudates, the first step of the Pt active phase impregnation, tends to level these differences. 2,6-Lutidine thermo-desorption monitored by IR spectroscopy reveals differences in acidity related to both the chlorine content and the alumina morphology. It is also observed that with smaller particles, the concentration of Brønsted acid sites increases, indicating that edge sites play a key role in generating the Brønsted acidity of alumina particles. For alumina with a high proportion of (110) surface (70%), the increased chlorine content leads to a higher amount of Brønsted acid sites, whereas the opposite occurs with a lower proportion (50%) of such a surface. The catalytic performances in the reforming of n-C7 indicate that the only Brønsted acid sites involved are those closest to platinum nanoparticles. Finally we provide evidence for a relationship between the Lewis acid sites strength and the hydrogenolysis selectivity
Margeat, Olivier. „Effets de taille et de surface sur les propriétés physiques de nanoparticules superparamagnétiques“. Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRiaud, Antoine Jean-Pierre René. „Etude des potentialités offertes par la synthèse de champs d'ondes acoustiques de surface pour l'actionnement de liquides et la manipulation sans contact“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen surface acoustic waves radiate in nearby fluids, they trigger two nonlinear effects: acoustic radiation pressure and acoustic streaming. These two effects find numerous applications for digital microfluidics, contactless manipulation and biological cell sorting. Nonetheless, these systems face two limitations. On the one hand, each application requires a specific acoustic wave: there is no multifunction device so far. On the other hand, search for functionalities offered by simple surface acoustic waves (plane and focused waves) has failed to provide a selective tweezers able to manipulate individual particles or cells independently of their neighbors. In the first part of this thesis, we develop two methods to synthesize complex surface acoustic wave fields. The first one employs an array of 32 interdigitated transducers controlled by the inverse filter to generate arbitrary fields on demand. The second method solves an inverse problem to design a holographic transducer to generate a predefined field. In the second part of the thesis, we use the inverse filter to (i) implement a multifunction lab on a chip and (ii) investigate the potentialities of a special type of surface acoustic waves called swirling surface waves. These waves enable a selective and contactless manipulation of microscopic objects. We conclude the thesis by integrating a holographic acoustical vortex transducer on a microscope in order to selectively manipulate biological cells without contact
Lafleur-Lambert, Raphaël, und Raphaël Lafleur-Lambert. „Études de modificateurs pour le transfert de chiralité sur une surface de platine & synthèse totale de l'(+)-O-méthylasparvenone et d'autres métabolites fongiques avec intérêt biothérapeutique“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33291.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes travaux de cette thèse sont, en partie, les fruits d’une codirection entre le laboratoire des surfaces dirigé par le professeur Peter McBreen et le laboratoire de synthèse organique dirigé par le professeur John Boukouvalas. Toutes les images ont été obtenues par les étudiants au laboratoire de surfaces et mes travaux consistaient à participer aux synthèses des composés organiques. L’autre partie concerne des projets en synthèse totale. Dans le premier chapitre, il y a la présentation de la réaction d’Orito, une réaction catalytique hétérogène asymétrique, utilisant des alcaloïdes de la Cinchona et des dérivés analogues comme modificateur chiral. Le chapitre II, à la partie A, concerne la compréhension des structures de modificateurs chiraux et de leur rôle associés au transfert de chiralité au cours de la réaction d’Orito. Les méthodes de chimie organique, soit l’hydrogénolyse du composé suivi de la synthèse d’un dérivé connu, ont permis de prouver que la structure absolue du modificateur synthétique de grande importance PNEA est R, S. L’importance de cette correction vient au fait que la structure du composé est directement liée à sa performance, en comparant avec son épimère qui ne possède pas les mêmes activités de transfert de chiralité. Ces travaux ont été publiés dans le journal ACS Catalysis. Au chapitre II partie B, c’est l’étude du transfert de chiralité d’un modificateur synthétique unique ne portant pas de groupement azote que nous avons synthétisé pour le laboratoire des surfaces avec la dihydroxylation de Sharpless. L’absence de fonction azote est très révélatrice quant à la compréhension mécanistique du transfert de chiralité. Cette absence démontre que le design de modificateur ne nécessite pas ce type d’atome dans sa structure. On retrouve l’article sur ce sujet dans le journal Surface Science. Le chapitre III contient la première synthèse d’un produit naturel, l’antrocinnamomin D, membre d’une famille de composés issu d’un champignon appelé Niuchangchih. La méthode de synthèse employée permet aussi d’obtenir deux autres membres de la famille, soit les antrodins A et B, un anhydride maléique et un maléimide. L’antrocinnamomin D, l’antrodin A et B ont été obtenus successivement en 6-8 étapes avec des rendements de 51%, 46% et 43% respectivement. Cette synthèse inclut un couplage croisé qui s’est démontré très efficace. Ce couplage fait intervenir comme catalyseur métallique un composé à base de Fe, un élément abondant et peu toxique, qui a su rivaliser le Pd, un des catalyseurs de métaux nobles habituels. Cette synthèse se retrouve dans le journal Tetrahedron. Le chapitre IV porte sur la synthèse totale d’un produit naturel rare sans azote actif comme antagoniste de la sérotonine. Ce produit a été isolé d’un champignon de sol appelé Aspergillus parvulus. Son rôle antagoniste se situe au récepteur 2C de la sérotonine. Ce récepteur est associé aux troubles liés à la dépression et les agents antagonistes ont démontré des effets bénéfiques pour les patients atteints de ce problème de santé. Cette antagoniste naturelle appelée (+)-O-méthylasparvenone fait partie d’une famille de composés naturels appelée 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone. Leur structure simpliste cache une complexité exprimée par la rareté de synthèse énantiosélective de ces composés. La synthèse asymétrique de l’antagoniste, une 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone trisubstituée, a été accomplie avec un excès d’énantiomère de 94% en 8 étapes avec un rendement global de 22%. Cette synthèse inclut trois étapes clés, dont une alkylation réductrice, une alkynylation asymétrique et une acylation de Friedel-Crafts. Cette synthèse a été rapportée dans le journal Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. Au chapitre V, on y retrouve une synthèse totale unie et régiosélective de deux composés de la famille des rubrolides, soit les membres R et S. Ces deux composés sont issus du champignon Aspergillus terreus OUCMDZ-1925. Le rubrolide R a été décrit comme un antioxydant et le rubrolide S a démontré des activités anti-influenza A(H1N1). Les deux approches de synthèse font intervenir à la fois une condensation de type aldol vinylogue et un couplage de Suzuki comme étapes clés. Ce projet donne accès au rubrolide R en 6 étapes par une voie de synthèse avec un rendement de 8,9% et au rubrolide S avec une étape supplémentaire pour un rendement global de 8,5%.
The work of this thesis is, in part, the result of a co-direction between the surface laboratory headed by Professor Peter McBreen and the organic synthesis laboratory led by Professor John Boukouvalas. All the images were obtained by the students in the surface laboratory and my work consisted of taking part in syntheses of the organic compounds. The other part concerns projects in total synthesis. In the first chapter, there is the presentation of the Orito reaction, an asymmetric heterogeneous catalytic reaction, using Cinchona alkaloids and analogous derivatives as a chiral modifier. Chapter II, Part A, discusses the understanding of chiral modifier structures and their role associated with the chiral transfer during the Orito reaction. The methods of organic chemistry, namely the hydrogenolysis of the compound followed by the synthesis of a known derivative, have made it possible to prove that the absolute structure of the synthetic modifier PNEA is R, S. The importance of this correction comes from the fact that the structure of the compound is directly related to its performance, comparing with its epimer which does not have the same chiral transfer activities. These works were published in the journal ACS Catalysis. In Chapter II, Part B, it is the study of the transfer of chirality of a single synthetic modifier not carrying a nitrogen group that we have synthesized for the laboratory of the surfaces with the dihydroxylation of Sharpless. The absence of nitrogen function is very revealing as to the mechanistic understanding of chirality transfer. This absence demonstrates that the modifier design does not require this type of atom in its structure. The article on this subject can be found in the journal Surface Science. Chapter III contains the first synthesis of a natural product, antrocinnamomin D, a member of a family of compounds derived from a fungus called Niuchangchih. The method of synthesis used also makes it possible to obtain two other members of the family, the antrodins A and B, a maleic anhydride and a maleimide. Antrocinnamomin D, antrodin A and B were successively obtained in 6-8 steps with yields of 51%, 46% and 43% respectively. This synthesis includes a cross-coupling that has been shown to be very effective. This coupling involves as metal catalyst a compound based on Fe, an abundant and low toxicity element, which has been able to compete with Pd, one of the usual noble metal catalysts. This synthesis is found in the journal Tetrahedron. Chapter IV deals with the total synthesis of a rare natural product without nitrogen active as a serotonin antagonist. This product was isolated from a soil fungus called Aspergillus parvulus. Its antagonistic role is at the 2C receptor of serotonin. This receptor is associated with depression-related disorders and the antagonistic agents have shown beneficial effects for patients with this health problem. This natural antagonist called (+)-O-methylasparvenone is part of a family of natural compounds called 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone. Their simplistic structure hides a complexity expressed by the scarcity of enantioselective synthesis of these compounds. The asymmetric synthesis of the antagonist, a trisubstituted 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone, was accomplished with an enantiomeric excess of 94% in 8 steps with an overall yield of 22%. This synthesis includes three key steps, including reductive alkylation, asymmetric alkynylation, and Friedel-Crafts acylation. This synthesis was reported in the journal Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. In Chapter V, we find a total, unified and regioselective synthesis of two compounds of the rubrolide family, the R and S members. These two compounds are derived from the fungus Aspergillus terreus OUCMDZ-1925. Rubrolide R has been reported as an antioxidant and rubrolide S has been shown to have anti-influenza A (H1N1) activity. Both synthesis approaches involve both a vinylogous aldol condensation and a Suzuki coupling as key steps. This project gives access to rubrolide R in 6 steps by a synthetic route with a yield of 8.9% and to rubrolide S with an additional step for an overall yield of 8.5%.
The work of this thesis is, in part, the result of a co-direction between the surface laboratory headed by Professor Peter McBreen and the organic synthesis laboratory led by Professor John Boukouvalas. All the images were obtained by the students in the surface laboratory and my work consisted of taking part in syntheses of the organic compounds. The other part concerns projects in total synthesis. In the first chapter, there is the presentation of the Orito reaction, an asymmetric heterogeneous catalytic reaction, using Cinchona alkaloids and analogous derivatives as a chiral modifier. Chapter II, Part A, discusses the understanding of chiral modifier structures and their role associated with the chiral transfer during the Orito reaction. The methods of organic chemistry, namely the hydrogenolysis of the compound followed by the synthesis of a known derivative, have made it possible to prove that the absolute structure of the synthetic modifier PNEA is R, S. The importance of this correction comes from the fact that the structure of the compound is directly related to its performance, comparing with its epimer which does not have the same chiral transfer activities. These works were published in the journal ACS Catalysis. In Chapter II, Part B, it is the study of the transfer of chirality of a single synthetic modifier not carrying a nitrogen group that we have synthesized for the laboratory of the surfaces with the dihydroxylation of Sharpless. The absence of nitrogen function is very revealing as to the mechanistic understanding of chirality transfer. This absence demonstrates that the modifier design does not require this type of atom in its structure. The article on this subject can be found in the journal Surface Science. Chapter III contains the first synthesis of a natural product, antrocinnamomin D, a member of a family of compounds derived from a fungus called Niuchangchih. The method of synthesis used also makes it possible to obtain two other members of the family, the antrodins A and B, a maleic anhydride and a maleimide. Antrocinnamomin D, antrodin A and B were successively obtained in 6-8 steps with yields of 51%, 46% and 43% respectively. This synthesis includes a cross-coupling that has been shown to be very effective. This coupling involves as metal catalyst a compound based on Fe, an abundant and low toxicity element, which has been able to compete with Pd, one of the usual noble metal catalysts. This synthesis is found in the journal Tetrahedron. Chapter IV deals with the total synthesis of a rare natural product without nitrogen active as a serotonin antagonist. This product was isolated from a soil fungus called Aspergillus parvulus. Its antagonistic role is at the 2C receptor of serotonin. This receptor is associated with depression-related disorders and the antagonistic agents have shown beneficial effects for patients with this health problem. This natural antagonist called (+)-O-methylasparvenone is part of a family of natural compounds called 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone. Their simplistic structure hides a complexity expressed by the scarcity of enantioselective synthesis of these compounds. The asymmetric synthesis of the antagonist, a trisubstituted 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone, was accomplished with an enantiomeric excess of 94% in 8 steps with an overall yield of 22%. This synthesis includes three key steps, including reductive alkylation, asymmetric alkynylation, and Friedel-Crafts acylation. This synthesis was reported in the journal Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. In Chapter V, we find a total, unified and regioselective synthesis of two compounds of the rubrolide family, the R and S members. These two compounds are derived from the fungus Aspergillus terreus OUCMDZ-1925. Rubrolide R has been reported as an antioxidant and rubrolide S has been shown to have anti-influenza A (H1N1) activity. Both synthesis approaches involve both a vinylogous aldol condensation and a Suzuki coupling as key steps. This project gives access to rubrolide R in 6 steps by a synthetic route with a yield of 8.9% and to rubrolide S with an additional step for an overall yield of 8.5%.
Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Aspergillus parvulus, Aspergillus terreus
Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Aspergillus parvulus, Aspergillus terreus
Petroff, Saint-Arroman Romain. „Application de la chimie organométallique de surface à la déperoxydation de l'hydroperoxyde de cyclohexyle : synthèse et caractérisation de catalyseurs hétérogènes au tantale supporté sur silice“. Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolignac, Marie-Caroline. „Empilements avec nanoparticules plasmoniques : de la synthèse par pulvérisation à l'impact du couplage entre les particules sur les propriétés optiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS154.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlasmonic resonances of metallic nanoparticles are responsible for a strong extinction of light (by absorption or by scattering) around a wavelength dependent on the nanoparticles properties and their environment. Those resonances can be used to improve the optical properties of functionalized glazing. This work aims at understanding the impact of the morphology of a layer of particles fabricated by magnetron sputtering deposition (shape and size of particles, distance between particles) on the plasmonic resonances, thanks to a precise characterization and a modelling of their optical properties. We elaborated simplified stacks inspired from an industrial functionalized glazing, studying a stack made of a thin layer of Ag in between two layers of aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO). In this stack, silver nanoparticles are obtained by interruption of the layer growth. With the help of in situ and real time tools and with the definition of a robust protocol for the characterization of the nanoparticles layer, we revealed the impact of fabrication parameters, such as silver amount and deposition parameters, on the morphology of this nanostructured layer and on the corresponding optical properties. Hence, we showed that our fabrication method produces films of tiny nanoparticles (1-10 nm) randomly placed and distant of 1 to 10 nm. For the modelling, we used multiple scattering theory to study the impact of the interaction between particles on the plasmonic resonance. From the numeric resolution of T-matrix for an ensemble of particles, we showed that the interaction between particles in the case of a layer of particles really close to each other strongly modifies the shape of the resonance. A disordered arrangement of particles favors a strong and wide extinction peak whereas an ordered arrangement would favor a thinner and weaker extinction peak
Monsalve, Arias Monica Johanna. „Elaboration de revêtements de verres bioactifs par projection thermique sur des substrats en alliage de titane et en acier inoxydable à partir de la synthèse de poudres 31SiO2-11P2O5-(58x)CaO-xMgO“. Limoges, 2014. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/30a0d713-f586-422e-8143-2601988cb89a/blobholder:0/2014LIMO4004.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa synthèse de poudres de verres bioactifs appartenant au système 31SiO2-11P2O5-(58-x)-CaOx-MgO (x=0 et x=2) a été réalisée par fusion/broyage pour réaliser des revêtements par projection plasma et flamme oxyacétylénique. Deux types de substrats en alliage de titane Ti6A14V et en acier inoxydable AISI 316L ont été testés avec deux épaisseurs de revêtements de l'ordre de 80 et 400 µm. La non cytotoxycité des poudres, mesurée en présence de la ligne cellulaire U937 et Saos2, a été montrée en donnant un pourcentage de cellules vivantes supérieur à 75%. Les propriétés mécaniques (dureté et ténacité) des revêtements de verres bioactifs obtenus par projection plasma. En revanche, il a été observé que le type de substrat a une plus grande influence importante : les dépots sur les substrats de Ti6A14V ont les meilleures propriétés mécaniques. Les revêtements obtenus par les deux techniques sur du Ti6A14V présentent une bonne résistance à l'usure, dans les conditions d'essais, avec peu d'arrachement de particules; l'usure est de type abrasive. Lors des tests d'adhérence, sur le Ti6A14V, des dépôts réalisés par projection flamme, la rupture était de 100% adhésive pour les deux épaisseurs de dépôt. Dans le cas des dépôts réalisés par projection plasma, une rupture de type 100% cohésive était observée pour les dépôts de plus forte épaisseur alors que dans les dépôts de plus faible épaisseur la rupture était de type cohésive-adhésive. Les revêtements de verres testés sont bioactifs et présentent la formation d'une couche d'hydroxyapatite à leur surface en présence d'un liquide biologique simulé. L'épaisseur de la couche formée augmente avec le temps de séjour dans le fluide biologique et l'ajout de 2% molaire de MgO n'affecte pas la bioactivité des dépôts. Tous les revêtements testés sont non cytotoxyques et ont donné lieu à une prolifération et une adhésion cellulaire
Fused and crushed bioactive glass powder of the 31SiO2-11P2O5-(58-x)-CaOx-MgO (x=0 and x=2) system has been synthesized in order to use them to manufacture coatings by plasma and oxyacetylene flame spraying. Two types of substrates, Ti6A14V alloy and Stainless Steel AISI 316L, have been tested with two coating thicknesses of about 80 and 400 µm. The no cytotoxicity of the synthetized powders was evaluated in presence of the cell line U937 and Saos2, showing a percentage of live cells greater than 75%. Mechanical properties such as hardness and fracture toughness of the bioglass coatings obtained by flame spraying are lightly lower than those of the coatings obtainedby plasma spraying. In contrary, it was found that yhe substrate has a larger influence: coatings obtained onto Ti6A14V substrate showed the best mechanical properties. Coatings manufactured by both processes on Ti6A14V have a good wear resistance, according to the test conditions, with few detached particles giving an abrasive wear. The adhesion tests onto Ti6A14V of the flame coatings gave a 100% adhesive failure for both coating thicknesses. In the case of the coatings produced by plasma spraying, a 100% cohesive failure was found for the thicker coatings while for the thinner thickness the failure was cohesive-adhesive. The tested coatings are bioactive and show the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer onto its surface in the presence of simulated biologic fluid. The thickness of the formed layer increases with the time of immersion in the biologic fluid and the addition of 2% molar of MgO doesn't affect the bioactivity of coatings. Finally all of them show a good response in the tests of cytotoxicity, proliferation and cell adhesion
Huang, Lin. „Chimie organométalllique de surface, étude de la chimisorption et de la thermodécomposition de clusters bimétalliques du groupe VIII supportés sur magnésie : propriétés catalytiques en synthèse Fischer-Tropsch“. Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRahmouni, Kamal. „Corrosion et protection des bronzes recouverts de patine : étude électrochimique et spectroscopique de la surface d'objets archéologiques et synthèse d'une patine équivalente sur un bronze du commerce“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066458.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrozco, montes Maileth. „Implémentation d'un générateur de nanoparticules en phase gazeuse fondé sur la pulvérisation cathodique magnétron pour la synthèse de films minces nanocomposities céramique/nanoparticules métalliques“. Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0082/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is dedicated to the study of free nanoparticles (NPs) source based on magnetron sputtering. Setting up an optical emission spectrometer and a quartz microbalance allowed to observe the influence of the process parameters (gas composition and flow rate, cathodic current, magnetic configuration) on the plasma species and the NPs deposition rate. This lead to a better understanding of the process and the establishment of a process operating windows. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed crystallized silver NPs whose size increased (from 2.5 ± 0.5 nm to 5.2 ± 0.5 nm in diameter) when the aggregation length increased. The free NPs source coupled to a conventional magnetron sputtering chamber allowed the deposition of nanocomposites thin films consisting of metallic NPs (Cu ou Ag) embedded in dielectric transparent amorphous matrix (aluminum nitride or oxide). A red shift of the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was observed with the increase of the matrix permittivity value. A broadening of the SPR with the decrease of the NPs size was also evidenced. Finally, the electrical properties of the nanocomposites have been studied by means of a Metal/Insulator/Metal capacitor pointing out a modulation of the permittivity with the silver NPs content (5% and 10% vol.)
Renault, Olivier. „Oxydes diélectriques en couches minces pour écrans de visualisation à plasma : synthèse sur de grandes surfaces par aérosol-CVD et étude des propriétés microstructurales et physiques“. Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePighini, Catherine. „Synthèses de nanocristaux de TiO2 anatase à distribution de taille contrôlée. Influence de la taille des cristallites sur le spectre Raman et étude des propriétés de surface“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129329.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaid, Ali. „Synthèse de membranes minérales de nanofiltration par formation de films minces de zéolithes sur un support tubulaire en alumine : étude de l'évolution des propriétés de surface et des caractéristiques de filtration en milieu aqueux“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH6212/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZeolites are very well-known materials especially for their controlled porosity, their crystalline structures, but also for the different applications where they can be used (catalysis, air treatment,...) . During the past ten years, a lot of developments have been done on the preparation of zeolite membranes for pervaporation applications. The present work explores new developments in the preparation zeolite membranes dedicated to the filtration of salty water. More particularly, we prepared MFI films on specific macroporous alumina tubular supports used for nanofiltration applications. There are different key steps which influence the formation of the MFI films: the cleaning procedure of the substrats, the hydrothermal synthesis conditions, the use of a secondary growth method for when preparing a bi-layered membrane. A complete characterization of the mono and the bi-layered membranes was carried out using various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, mercury porosimetry and nitrogen sorption measurements. Results show that a dense, continuous and highly crystallized thin film of MFI bas been obtained on the u-alumina support after the secondary growth experiment. The weight of zeolite deposited on the support was also estimated by nitrogen sorption measurement using the method of mass assessment. The MFI membrane was stabilized by pure water filtration tests until the hydraulic permeability reached a plateau. This conditioning step was necessary to reach an equilibrium state of the hydraulic membrane performances. Particularly, hydration of the MFI layer was a crucial step of the conditioning process, which leads to the modification of the MFI surface properties. The hydraulic permeability of the mono and bi-layer MFI membrane decreased rapidly at the beginning of the conditioning process, and stabilized alter 15 hours to reach 1.08 x 10.141113.m.2 and 1.02 x 10-15 m3.m-2 respectively. Filtration tests were then carried out with a neutral molecule (VB 12) in order to evaluate the mean pore radius of the mono and the bi-layered membranes. A rejection rate of 5% was obtained with the monolayer MFI membrane, while it reaches a value of 50% with the bi-layered one. These results lead to mean pore radius corresponding to 6.4 and 1.7 mn respectively. It menus that even alter the synthesis of the second MFI layer, the membrane porosity remains higher than the porous diameter of the zeolite. Filtration may occur at the interface of the MFI crystals
Millot, Nadine. „Synthèse et propriétés de ferrites nanométriques : influence de la taille des grains et de la nature de la surface sur les propriétés structurales et magnétiques de ferrites de titane synthétisés par chimie douce et mécanosynthèse“. Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAuberlet, Delle-Vedove Agnès. „Synthèse et étude structurale de n-benzoyl-n'-phenylurees, insecticides, en vue d'établir une relation entre la structure, la rétention dans des adsorbants modèles et le mode de dégradation. Suivi de recherches sur l'enseignement expérimental de la formulation : étude d'une famille de tensioactifs“. Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePara, Franck. „Nanostructures organiques en régimes supra-moléculaire et covalent sur substrats diélectriques : propriétés structurales et optiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0289.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the study of the influence of the structure of matter at the atomic scale on its macroscopic properties. Thereto, the IM2NP Nanostructuration team masters the synthesis and characterization of functionalized organic nanostructureson solid surfaces. Specifically, this work focuses on the study of the structural and optical properties of organic nanostructures grown on dielectric single-crystalline alkaly halides substrates under ultra-high vacuum and ambient temperature. Experiments are carried out by non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (structural properties) and by Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy (optical properties of UV-visible absorption). Two distinct growth regimes have been investigated, with different molecules each. The first system involves supramolecular nanostructures of bis-pyrenes molecules grown on KCl(001) and NaCl(001). The combined study of their structural and optical properties, from the sub-monolayer to the multilayer regime, allows us to quantitatively extract the dielectric function of the layers at the different stages of their growth. The second system deals with a more recent topic in the surface science community, namely on-surface synthesis. In this case, upon adsorption, the molecules bind together covalently, which results in nanostructures that are more cohesive than in the supramolecular regime. We have evidenced the formation of covalent structures by free-radical polymers of dimaleimide on KCl(001) under UV illumination
Vautier, Manon. „Synthèse et caractérisation par voie de chimie organométallique de surface de complexes silylés du zirconium(IV) et du chrome(IV) bien définis, supportés sur silice, et leurs applications dans l'activation stoechiométrique et catalytique de liaisons C-H, Si-H et Si-C“. Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10146.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeghin, Robin. „Etude des conséquences de la digestion anaérobie du maïs sur ses caractéristiques amendantes : devenir des matières organiques, stockage du carbone, vie microbienne, capacité d’adsorption et stabilité structurale de l’horizon de surface de Luvisols cultivés“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe biogas sector is developing in France and in several European countries. As a result, agrowing proportion of organic products are digested in an anaerobic environment before being used for agricultural purposes. The effects of the anaerobic digestion of organic products on their amending properties remain unclear. The amending properties of the organic products brought in represent an important issue for the fertility of the Luvisols studied, which are particularly dependent on a good content and flow of organic matter in order to maintain their chemical, physical and biological qualities. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the consequences of the modifications of the characteristics of organic products during anaerobic digestion on: microbial life, carbon storage, fate of organic matter, stability of aggregates and adsorption capacity of the surface horizon of cultivated Luvisols. During incubations, carried out in the field and under controlled conditions, the biodegradation of brought and endogenous organic matter by the microorganisms was followed by measuring the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) from amended and unamended soils and then tracing it through natural differences in the abundance of the carbon 13 isotope (13C) between C4 and C3 plants. These measurements determined the extent to which C storage in soils induced by the input of an organic product is induced by the stability of the organic matter input and by priming effects. At the end of the incubations, the analysis of the taxonomic structure of the active microbial communities from the microbial phospholipid membrane compounds extracted from the soils was related to the observed priming effects. Measurements of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, stability of aggregates and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) made it possible to study the agronomic consequences of the input of organic products. This work provided a better understanding of the agronomic value of digestates in relation to the fate of organic matter in soils and made it possible to formulate some recommendations concerning their use. It also made it possible to test the Rock Eval pyrolysis analysis of organic matter input and amended soils in order to assess the potential stability of the organic matter input and the consequences of their input on the characteristics of soil organic matter
Miras, Thomas. „Effets de la viscosité et de la capillarité sur les vibrations linéaires d'une structure élastique contenant un liquide incompressible“. Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877348.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLemonier, Stéphane. „Préparation et caractérisation de nanoparticules d'or : stabilisation par des polysiloxanes et dépôt contrôlé sur des surfaces chargées“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2544/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this manuscript describes branched gold nanoparticles synthesis firstly, then secondly synthesis of a new polysiloxane family and finally the preparation and characterization of gold nanohybrids composed by gold nanoparticles and polysiloxanes. This thesis encompasses results about synthesis and reproducibility control of gold nanoparticles. Understanding of branched formation is studied, using glucosamine. HCl as only reducing agent to obtain the anisotropy. This formation leaded by glucosamine is used to form new gold nanoparticles in a seed-growth approach. Then the new polysiloxane family is described. The reaction involved is a thiolene reaction, and results and characterization are given. Finally, the study of nanohybrids is given. Optical properties of gold nanoparticles are described, in function of polymers. Then controlled gold nanohybrids deposition on surfaces is studied
Naud, Cathy. „Synthèses de composés soufrés semi-fluorés (thiols, thioéthers, disulfures, trithiocarbonates) et études de monocouches sur or polycristallin par voltammétrie cyclique“. Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFraccaroli, Mathias. „Synthèse par CVD/ALD sur grandes surfaces d'un sulfure de vanadium transparent et conducteur“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of functional diversification (“More than Moore”), transition sulfides are currently being actively studied for original optical devices production. Some materials in this family have a lamellar structure, similar to graphene like vanadium sulfides. The synthesis of these lamellar films remains actively dominated by high-temperature CVD processes (> 550 ° C). However, in order to hope the development of a reliable synthesis methods, it's important to reduce this deposition temperature which leads to a poor uniformity and a poor conformity. In this work we have studied the potential of a chemical vapor deposition approach at low temperature (200 ° C). This method allow us to obtain an amorphous vanadium sulfide film on a 300 mm wafer and point out theirability to self-reorganize in order to obtain a lamellar film of V7S8 after thermal annealing. A 5.2nm film has interesting optical and electrical properties; this film is conductive with a carrier density of 1.1.1023 cm-3, the holes are the main charges carriers (type p), a mobility of 0.2 cm2. (Vs) -1, a conductivity of 1063 S.cm -1, an output work of 4.8 eV while preserving good transparency (transmittance of 75% for a wavelength of 550nm)
Idriss, Hicham. „Etude des especes de surface sur catalyseurs cu-zn dans la synthese du methanol“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKim, Yun-Sang. „Analyse adaptative et synthèse multi résolution de surfaces maillées par décomposition sur une base d'ondelettes“. Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0003/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe lounsbery's wavelets based decomposition of triangular meshes of 3D objects, requires a mesh whose connectivity is obtained by regular subdivisions of all faces of the triangles of a base mesh. This method does not allows a local adaptation of the subdivision according to the curvatures or, more generally, of the complexity of the object. In addition, it does not allowed the decomposition of the irregular meshes, like, as an example, those obtained by the algorithm of Marching Cube which is used in a standard way in medical imagery. This thesis proposes solutions for these problems. First, a local decomposition method of the regular meshes by construction of a local bi-orthogonal wavelets bases is proposed. Then, two approaches for the adaptative decomposition of the irregular meshes are developed: direct irregular decomposition based on bi-orthogonal wavelets, a remeshing. Two remeshing techniques are proposed: one is based on a parameterization by conformal mapping and adapts both to the local curvature and the density of region of the object, and the other uses a parameterization by harmonic mapping. The second method allows the fusion of local meshes. Finally, the feasibility of an application of the wavelets decomposition : meshes smoothing by non-linear filtering of the wavelets coefficients, is demonstrated. The potential applications of this work are very numerous: progressing transmission, compression and coding, progressive display, edition multisolution of the mesh of 3D objects
Robin, Olivier. „Reproduction de champs de pression acoustique aléatoires sur des surfaces planes“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIdriss, Hicham. „Etude des espèces de surface sur catalyseurs Cu-Zn dans la synthèse du méthanol“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606066r.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJALOUSTRE, AUDOUIN KARINE. „Spirou : synthese de paysages en infrarouge base sur la modelisation physique des echanges a la surface“. Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMohamed, Ibrahim. „Revêtement de Phosphate de calcium sur dioxyde de titane pour des implants métalliques pour des applications médicales“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991949.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAchkar, Charbel. „Etudes de nanostructures magnétiques auto-organisées et épitaxiées par synthèse organométallique en solution sur des surfaces cristallines“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe elaboration of this thesis aims to characterize the magnetic and structural properties of magnetic nanostructures obtained by a new mixed physical / chemical synthesis method, called hybrid growth. The first part of the work consists in the development of thin metal films on substrates by cathode sputtering. Furthermore, the chemical synthesis conducted by organometallic chemistry on those thin films, results in an array of ultra-dense Co monocristallins hcp nanowires, or nanostructured Fe films. Additionally, The SEM/TEM observations and the X-ray diffraction measurements conducted on the substrates and induced by the crystlalline structure of the thin film, show the high impact on the magnetic nanostructures morphology and growth direction.Moreover, the magnetic measurements executed on the Co nanowires array show a strong magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the substrate. This observation is obtained due to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy acting along the nanowire axis (Co hcp structure with the c axis parallel to the nanowire axis) in the same direction of the nanowires shape anisotropy. The magnetization within these structures is thermally stable. It follows a coherent magnetization reversal mode that has not been observed in the polycrystalline structures up to now. Finally, the self-organization of the nanowires as well as their high density and stable magnetization nominate this system for their application in high density magnetic storage devices
Moreau, Olivier. „Synthèse de greffons organiques à fonctionnalités antimicrobiennes. Greffage sur wafer de silicium. Aspects physico-chimiques de l'adhésion particulaire“. Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2006REIMS034.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePreserving food safety implies, inter alia, to control the microbiological contamination of surfaces which are likely to be in contact with the foodstuffs. Various studies showed that this contamination by pathogenic germs resulted in fact from the adhesion of micro-organisms on the surfaces of materials, which is directly in contact with food. It is thus necessary to develop some strategies, ensuring that surfaces, which are in contact with food are not responsible for transmission of the pathogenic agents. With this intention, our approach is to modify the surface of the materials by grafting in order to either limit adhesion, or to develop antimicrobial activity. The design of these modified materials requires, initially, the synthesis of monomers, which have the possibility to graft and at the same time a fragment carrying the anti-bacterial activity. The covalent grafting of these monomers enable to increase the durability of the modified material and to limit the migration of the antimicrobial agent towards the foodstuffs
Kim, Yun-Sang Prost Rémy. „Analyse adaptative et synthèse multirésolution de surfaces maillées par décomposition sur une base d'ondelettes“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2001/kim/index.html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenbertal, Djamal. „Sur de nouvelles méthodes de synthèses de poudres céramiques : élaboration et caractérisation de silicates préparés par chimie douce“. Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30129.
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