Thematische Bibliographien / Symmetry (Physics) / Dissertationen
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Dissertationen zum Thema „Symmetry (Physics)“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 31. Juli 2024

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1

Patt, Brian Lawrence. "Higgs family symmetry and supersymmetry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36397.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).<br>In this thesis we investigate building models of family symmetry that give the Higgs fields family structure. We construct several models, starting with 2 generation models then moving onto 3 generation models. These models are described sequentially in chapters 2 through 6. All of these models are supersymmetric a
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Jing, Li Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Physical symmetry enhanced neural networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128294.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, February, 2020<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-99).<br>Artificial Intelligence (AI), widely considered "the fourth industrial revolution", has shown its potential to fundamentally change our world. Today's AI technique relies on neural networks. In this thesis, we propose several physical symmetry
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3

Yang, Xu. "Symmetry and topology in condensed matter physics:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109160.

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Thesis advisor: Ying Ran<br>Recently there has been a surging interest in the topological phases of matter, including the symmetry-protected topological phases, symmetry-enriched topological phases, and topological semimetals. This thesis is aiming at finding new ways of searching and probing these topological phases of matter in order to deepen our understanding of them. The body of the thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, we study the search of filling-enforced topological phases of matter in materials. It shows the existence of symmetry-protected topological phases enforced by
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4

Tan, Jong Anly. "Extra dimensions and electroweak symmetry breaking." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623558.

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In anticipation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) which is currently scheduled to start operating in September 2009, Particle physicists have developed various models to predict phenomena that may be observed in the LHC data. One of the ideas that have been developed is warped extra dimensions. The S parameter, one of the electroweak precision observables is predicted by experiments to be less than about 0.1. However, most of the models that try to explain the electroweak symmetry breaking without a Higgs Boson have a large S parameter > 0.2.;We study the possibility of reducing the S paramet
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Da, Rold Leandro. "Symmetry breaking in particle physics from extra dimensions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3377.

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Los principios de simetría han jugado un rol fundamental en la comprensión de la naturaleza. Sin embargo en general las simetrías no son exactas, sino que están rotas. El estudio de mecanismos de ruptura de simetrías es una de las áreas más activas de la física actual. En esta tesis se estudia la ruptura de simetrías en teorías con dimensiones extra. La motivación principal es que la física de dimensiones extra provee nuevos mecanismos de ruptura de simetrías. En particular se estudian la ruptura de la simetría quiral de QCD y la ruptura de la simetría electrodébil (EW) del Modelo Estandard (S
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Ng, Gim Seng. "Aspects of Symmetry in de Sitter Space." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11443.

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7

Wang, Chong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Entangling symmetry and topology in correlated electrons." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99286.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 213-224).<br>In this thesis, I study a class of exotic quantum matter named Symmetry-Protected Topological (SPT) phases. These are short-range-entangled quantum phases hosting non-trivial states on their boundaries. In the free-fermion limit, they are famously known as Topological Insulators (TI). Huge progress has been made recently in understanding SPT phases beyond free fermions. Here I will discuss three aspects of SPT ph
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Lee, Allen S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Symmetry-breaking motility and RNA secondary structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34396.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64).<br>This thesis contains work on three separate topics: the spontaneous motility of functionalized particles, the designability of RNA secondary structures, and the statistical mechanics of homopolymer RNAs. For the work on spontaneous motility, we were motivated by in vitro experiments investigating the symmetry-breaking motility of functionalized spherical beads to develop a general theory for the dynamics of a rigid object propelled by an active process at its surf
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Johnson, Samuel Buck. "Enhanced gauge symmetry in 6D F-theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104507.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 142-153).<br>This thesis reports on progress in understanding the set of 6D F-theory vacua. F-theory provides a strikingly clean correspondence between physics and physical quantities and mathematics and geometrical quantities, which allows us to make precise mathematical statements using well defined and understood methods. We present two related results that both serve the following principal goal: to understand the set of
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Chakrabarty, Ayan. "Brownian Motion of Low Symmetry Colloidal Particles." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397786396.

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11

Marshall, Gardner Rush. "Supersymmetric Leptophilic Models of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623607.

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Over the years, the Standard Model has proved itself to be an extremely durable theory. In spite of its success, very few empirical clues have emerged about the nature of the electroweak symmetry breaking that lies at its heart. With results from the LHC around the corner, this will hopefully change soon. In this dissertation we examine several possibilities for electroweak symmetry breaking and discuss various extensions to the Standard Model to resolve known problems. We begin by providing a brief overview of electroweak symmetry breaking, two Higgs doublet models, and supersymmetry. We then
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Abdelhady, A. M. H. H. "Scattering in soliton models and crossing symmetry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71664.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Crossing symmetry relates scattering and annihilation processes to each other. Its derivation is straightforward in perturbative approaches to quantum field theory: it merely reflects the exchange of in- and outgoing states in Feynman diagram computations. In soliton models, the situation is much more complicated because the scattering and the annihilation processes concern distinct topological sectors that are not related by any continuous transformation. In this thesis a simple soliton model will be employed to address t
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Adams, N. "Symmetry restoration near a black hole." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372638.

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14

Lawrence, Mark. "Symmetry and topology at the metasurface." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6152/.

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Since the metamaterials ethos of geometry over chemistry was first conceived at the end of the last century, a great deal of effort has been directed towards the conceptual, computational and experimental development of myriad effective electromagnetic media. Taking inspiration from quantum mechanics, here we exploit the possibility of independently controlling the individual elements of an effective polarizability matrix to reveal unique polarisation based phenomena. Firstly, by employing resonant “meta-atoms” to selectively absorb specific polarisation states of THz radiation, while tuning t
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Narasimhan, Subha. "The energetics and symmetry of quasicrystals /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487585645576348.

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16

Ramlakan, Alastair. "Flavour SU(3) symmetry breaking in quantum chromodynamics." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6547.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The subject of this thesis is the determination of the size of SU(3) flavour symmetry breaking in the QeD vacuum, as measured by the ratio of the strange to non-strange quark vacuum condensates <ss>/<uu> (with <ūu>
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Baskerville, W. K. "Braided groups, symmetry and the skyrme crystal." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364387.

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18

Gear, James Manning. "PT symmetry and exceptional points in metamaterials." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7876/.

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Parity-Time (PT) symmetry has recently received much attention as a promising alternative to the condition of Hermiticity. PT symmetric systems have two distinct phases where behaviour is split between Hermitian evolution where it has real eigenvalues and non-Hermitian evolution where it has complex eigenvalues. At the crossover between these two phases, there is an exceptional point: a special kind of eigenvalue degeneracy unique to non-Hermitian system which can result in interesting properties. In this thesis, we will first review the field of metamaterials and show how they can be used to
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Gebauer, Astrid. "Chiral symmetry breaking transitions in holographic duals." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/206257/.

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Generalisations of the AdS/CFT Correspondence are used to study chiral symmetry breaking in dual gauge theories. We use the D3/D7 and D3/D5 systems to model both 3+1 and 2+1 dimensional, strongly coupled, gauge theories with quark fields. We show that chiral symmetry breaking is induced by either an imposed running coupling/dilaton profile or a background magnetic field. We explore the low energy effective theory of the pions of these models deriving simple integral equations for low energy parameters in the spirit of constituent quark model results. We also explore the phase structure of thes
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Krumins, Andris Visvaldis. "Symmetry, conservation laws, and theoretical particle physics, 1918-1979." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0004/NQ41198.pdf.

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21

Alsufyani, Nada. "The Iterative Method for Quantum Double-well and Symmetry-breaking Potentials." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2017. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/62.

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Numerical solutions of quantum mechanical problems have witnessed tremendous advances over the past years. In this thesis, we develop an iterative approach to problems of double-well potentials and their variants with parity-time-reversal symmetry- breaking perturbations. We show that the method provides an efficient scheme for obtaining accurate energies and wave functions. We discuss in this thesis potential applications to a variety of related topics such as phase transitions, symmetry breaking, and external field-induced effects.
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Moerman, RobertWilliam. "A gauge-invariant, symmetry-preserving truncation of JIMWLK." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27998.

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The colour glass condensate captures quantum chromodynamics in its application to high-energy collider experiments in the spirit of an effective field theory. In deeply inelastic lepton-hadron scattering experiments, as well as in hadron-hadron collisions, the internal degrees of freedom of in-state hadrons are dominated by a dense medium of gluonic matter called the colour glass condensate. Interactions with this medium by some (dilute) probe are most naturally described in terms of Wilson-lines and their correlators. The energy-dependence of these correlators is given by the JIMWLK (Jalilian
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Bergman, Oren. "Nonrelativistic conformal symmetry in 2+1 dimesional field theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32619.

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24

Mantry, Gautam. "Heavy quark symmetry in the soft collinear effective theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32309.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-198).<br>We study strong interaction effects in nonleptonic decays of ... mesons with energetic particles in the final state. An introduction to Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET), the appropriate effective field theory of QCD for such decays, is given. We focus on decays of the type ... where M is a light energetic meson of energy E. The SCET formulates the problem as an expansion in powers of where Q [approx.] ... . A factorization theorem is proven at leadin
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Wang, Juven Chun-Fan. "Aspects of symmetry, topology and anomalies in quantum matter." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99285.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 223-230).<br>To understand the new physics and richness of quantum many-body system phenomena is one of the stimuli driving the condensed matter community forward. Importantly, the new insights and solutions for condensed matter theory sometimes come from the developed and developing knowledge of high energy theory, mathematical and particle physics, which is also true the other way around: Condensed matter physics has been p
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Dewar, Neil Archdale. "Symmetries in physics, metaphysics, and logic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38b380cb-7f64-40cb-b94c-eba4b3b652ac.

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This thesis examines the idea that when a physical theory contains symmetries, the theory should be interpreted in such a way that symmetry-related models represent the same physical state of affairs. It argues that we can best do so by drawing on analogies to ideas in philosophy of logic and language: specifically, by thinking of symmetries as a means of translating a theory into itself. It consists of six chapters, together with an introduction and conclusion. In Chapter 1, I set up the main ideas needed to more precisely frame the question at hand: namely, the notions of symmetry, interpret
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Bone, Richard George Andrew. "New applications of the molecular symmetry group." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239761.

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Klein, Kreisler Martin. "Chiral symmetry restoration in finite temperature QED←3." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316877.

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Ashworth, Richard Michael. "Quantum field theories having conformal and chiral symmetry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292952.

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30

Feudel, Fred, Norbert Seehafer, Barak Galanti, and Sten Rüdiger. "Symmetry breaking bifurcations for the magnetohydrodynamic equations with helical forcing." Universität Potsdam, 1996. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1431/.

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We have studied the bifurcations in a three-dimensional incompressible magnetofluid with periodic boundary conditions and an external forcing of the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress (ABC) type. Bifurcation-analysis techniques have been applied to explore the qualitative behavior of solution branches. Due to the symmetry of the forcing, the equations are equivariant with respect to a group of transformations isomorphic to the octahedral group, and we have paid special attention to symmetry-breaking effects. As the Reynolds number is increased, the primary nonmagnetic steady state, the ABC flow, loses
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Bonnoit, Craig John. "Inelastic X-ray scattering studies of broken symmetry in BSCCO." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83827.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-178).<br>Interactions between charge and lattice degrees of freedom play a critical role in determining the properties of canonical BCS superconductors where integration out of the phonon subsystem results in an effective pairing interaction between electrons. In the study of high temperature superconductors the importance of phonons is less well understood and charge ordering properties vary between the families of high-Tc c
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Jansson, Henrik. "Unification in Particle Physics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295813.

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During the twentieth century, particle physics developed into a cornerstone of modern physics, culminating in the Standard Model. Even though this theory has proved to be of extraordinary power, it is still incomplete in several respects. It is our aim in this bachelor thesis to discuss some possible theories beyond the Standard Model, the main focus being on Grand Unified Theories, while also taking a look at attempts of further unication via discrete family symmetry. At the heart of all these theories lies the concept of local gauge invariance, which is introduced as a fundamental principle,
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arapKoske, Samuel Kiprono. "Effects of symmetry lowering in metal cluster complexes." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291550.

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Kröger, Jens 1981. "Elastic behavior and freezing of crystals with square symmetry." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84048.

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The main purpose of this thesis is to justify the density functional theory of freezing in the case of a crystal with square symmetry. In the first part, I discuss the widely used technique of molecular dynamics to characterise the dynamics and statistical observables of a system undergoing a phase transition. I then outline the advantages and the main drawbacks of this technique: slow implementation and poor performance for long time scales. It is shown that order parameter or phenomenological theories of freezing paliate those problems. These theories describe the dynamics of one para
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Wiedemann, Urs Achim. "Constraints and spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum field theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336764.

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36

Mellars, Ehren Axel. "Time-reversal symmetry and topology in one-dimensional Josephson junctions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8739/.

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We explore the roles of topology and time-reversal symmetry in one-dimensional superconducting systems. Specifically, we examine junctions involving time-reversal-invariant topological superconductors, which are characterised by the emergence of zero-energy Majorana- Kramers pairs at their boundaries. For Josephson junctions composed of these superconductors, we obtain, through a scattering matrix technique valid in a regime where the junction length is much shorter than the superconducting coherence length, exact analytical and numerical results for the Josephson current in terms of a small n
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Sigrist, Norbert. "First-order design of mirror systems with no axial symmetry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284660.

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All-reflective imaging systems that are asymmetrical and eccentric have the advantage of providing more degrees of freedom to improve image quality. A disadvantage of these asymmetrical imaging systems is that they suffer from asymmetric mapping. This asymmetric mapping manifests itself mainly in the presence of keystone distortion and anamorphism. Due to the increase in degrees of freedom, the complexity of such systems escalates; thus, the designer is confronted with the difficult task of determining optimal starting points. This work addresses several first-order aspects of the design and c
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Moore, Joel Ellis 1973. "Phase transitions and symmetry breaking in disordered quantum Hall edge states." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8281.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-96).<br>Tunneling into the edge of a quantum Hall droplet is a sensitive probe of the topological orders believed to exist in fractional quantum Hall states. The tunneling behavior of a general hierarchy state is studied within the chiral-Luttinger-liquid model of low-energy edge dynamics. Adding random hopping of quasiparticles between edge modes results in "symmetry restoration by disorder" and universal weak tunneling behavior in edges with modes traveling in both di
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Bertolini, Daniele Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Electroweak symmetry breaking in the era of the Higgs boson discovery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91079.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2014.<br>166<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 115-125).<br>In this thesis we study possible deviations from the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism as predicted by the Standard Model (SM), and we introduce a new framework to analyze hadronic final states at colliders. In the first part, we begin by considering supersymmetric extensions of the SM and by studying the connection between electroweak symmetry breaking and supersymmetry breaking. Contrary to the com
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Pyykkönen, A. (Ari). "Parity symmetry-breaking phase transition in a nonlinear Rabi-Hubbard lattice." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201512082290.

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Lattices consisting of cavity QED and circuit QED elements have come under focus as a platform for studying several novel quantum phenomena. In particular, a lattice of Rabi systems described by the Rabi-Hubbard model is expected to display a new Z2 parity symmetry-breaking phase transition of light between a Rabi insulator and a delocalized superradiant phase. In this thesis, we examine a superconducting circuit called the artificial trapped ion as a means to realize a nonlinear Rabi-Hubbard lattice. We use mean field theory and second-order perturbation theory to derive an expression for the
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Ogasahara, Atsushi. "Discrete flavor symmetry for lepton mixing and quark mixing." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189340.

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Elliott, Terry. "The top quark and electroweak symmetry breaking." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240631.

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43

Hutzel, William D. "Particle-Hole Symmetry Breaking in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect at nu = 5/2." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841528.

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<p> The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) in the half-filled second Landau level (filling factor &nu; = 5/2) offers new insights into the physics of exotic emergent quasi-particles. The FQHE is due to the collective interactions of electrons confined to two-dimensions, cooled to sub-Kelvin temperatures, and subjected to a strong perpendicular magnetic field. Under these conditions a quantum liquid forms displaying quantized plateaus in the Hall resistance and chiral edge flow. The leading candidate description for the FQHE at 5/2 is provided by the Moore-Read Pfaffian state which supports
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Cacciapaglia, Giacomo. "Models of electroweak symmetry breaking in extra dimensions." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85850.

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45

Mavimbela, Gcina A. "Time Reparametrization Symmetry and Spatial-Temporal Fluctuations in Glasses." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1354211400.

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46

Bott, Christopher James. "Mirror Symmetry for K3 Surfaces with Non-symplectic Automorphism." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7456.

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Mirror symmetry is the phenomenon, originally discovered by physicists, that Calabi-Yau manifolds come in dual pairs, with each member of the pair producing the same physics. Mathematicians studying enumerative geometry became interested in mirror symmetry around 1990, and since then, mirror symmetry has become a major research topic in pure mathematics. One important problem in mirror symmetry is that there may be several ways to construct a mirror dual for a Calabi-Yau manifold. Hence it is a natural question to ask: when two different mirror symmetry constructions apply, do they agree?We sp
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Cullerne, John Paul. "The Jahn-Teller effect in icosahedral symmetry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cc2b3605-f7dc-488d-820d-3a830a0119b3.

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The resurgence of interest in properties of molecules of icosahedral symmetry follows the discovery of the C<sub>60</sub> molecule. Due to the high symmetry of the icosahedron, almost all the electronic and vibrational levels are highly degenerate, so that in dealing with properties of these systems, the Jahn-Teller interaction must almost always be allowed for. This thesis primarily explores the properties of the icosahedral G ⊗ (g ⊕ h] interaction and related subsystems in the strong coupling régime. Mappings of the adiabatic potential energy surfaces facilitate an analysis of the geometrica
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Lundström, Jakob. "Spontaneous symmetry breaking for dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in multiwell potentials." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150816.

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In this work, dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in multiwell potentialsplaced to form dierent geometrical structures are studied theoretically inorder to determine how the ground state population of the particles in thepotential wells changes depending on the relative strength of the particlesdipole moment. In the analytical limit (neglecting intersite tunneling), asymmetry-breaking change in the number of wells that are populated byparticles is observed for all studied systems for a certain value of the rela-tive strength of the particles dipole moment. The numerical calculationsfor nonzero i
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49

Morin, Bertrand. "Symmetry and superconformal structures of the heterotic string." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61915.

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50

Athron, Peter. "Aspects of electroweak symmetry breaking in physics beyond the standard model." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/513/.

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Fine tuning in the Standard Model (SM) is the basis for a widespread expectation that the minimal model for electroweak symmetry breaking, with a single Higgs boson, is not realised in nature and that new physics, in addition to (or instead of) the Higgs, will be discovered at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). However constraints on new physics indicate that many models which go beyond the SM (BSM) may also be fine tuned (although to a much lesser extent). To test this a reliable, quantitative measure of tuning is required. We review the measures of tuning used in the literature and propose an
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