Dissertationen zum Thema „Symétries asymptotiques“
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Weller, Thibaut. „Etude des symétries et modèles de plaques en piézoélectricité linéarisée“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011243.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelleà la classification des symétries du phénomène de couplage piézoélectrique
linéaire; on se focalise ensuite sur la dérivation de modèles de plaques,
toujours dans le cadre de la piézoélectricité linéarisée. On obtient ainsi
des résultats qui permettent de présenter des propriétés de solides
piézoélectriques relatives au matériau, à la structure ainsi qu'à leurs
interactions.
Les trois premiers Chapitres concernent les symétries. On rappelle d'abord
que ces dernières peuvent être de différentes natures. Ensuite, les outils
qui permettent de les appréhender et de les lier entre elles sont présentées.
Les divers outils utilisés conduisent alors au principal résultat de la
première partie : la classification des symétries du phénomène de couplage
piézoélectrique linéaire en quinze familles distinctes.
Dans les deux derniers Chapitres, on obtient des modèles de plaques
linéairement piézoélectriques à l'aide d'une méthode mathématique rigoureuse
consistant à étudier le comportement d'un solide tridimensionnel lorsque son
épaisseur, vue comme un paramètre, tend vers zéro. Dans le cas statique, il
apparaît deux modèles différents. Ils dépendent en fait du type de chargement
électrique et sont reliés aux cas pour lesquels les plaques piézoélectriques
sont utilisés comme capteurs ou comme actionneurs. Les cinématiques limites
sont précisées et les deux lois de comportement sont explicitement fournies
pour tous les types de matériau constitutif. Dans le cas dynamique, on montre
que c'est l'ordre de grandeur du rapport entre l'épaisseur et la densité de
la plaque qui joue un rôle déterminant.
Vilatte, Matthieu. „Adventures in (thermal) Wonderland“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04791687.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work we present in this thesis is structured around the concepts of field theories and geometry, which are applied to gravity and thermalisation.On the gravity side, our work aims at shedding new light on the asymptotic structure of the gravitational field in the context of asymptotically flat spacetimes, using information encoded on the conformal boundary. The latter is a null hypersurface on which Carrollian physics instead of relativistic physics is at work. A Carroll structure on a manifold is a degenerate metric and a vector field spanning the kernel of the latter. This vector selects a particular direction which can be the starting point for describing Carroll structures in a split frame. We first elaborate on the geometry one can construct on such a manifold in this frame, including a comprehensive study of connections and (conformal isometries). Effective actions can be defined on a Carrollian background. Canonical momenta conjugate to the geometry or the connection are introduced, and the variation of the action shall give their conservation equations, upon which isometric charges can be reached.Carrollian physics is also known to emerge as the vanishing speed of light of relativistic physics. This limit usually exhibits more Carrollian descendants than what might be expected from a naive intrinsic analysis, as shown in the explicit examples of Carrollian fluids, Carrollian scalar fields (for which two actions, electric and magnetic arise in the limit) and the Carrollian Chern-Simons action. The richness of the limiting procedure is due to this versatility in describing a palette of degrees of freedom. This turns out to be an awesome tool in studying the relationship between asymptotically anti de Sitter (AdS) and flat spacetimes.Metrics on asymptotically flat spacetimes can be expressed as an infinite expansion in a gauge, covariant with respect to their null boundaries. This slight extension of the Newman-Unti gauge is shown to be valid also in AdS, which allows to take the flat limit in the bulk i.e. the Carrollian limit on the boundary, while preserving this covariance feature. We demonstrate that the infinite solution space of Ricci-flat spacetimes actually arises from the Laurent expansion of the AdS boundary energy-momentum tensor. These replicas obey at each order Carrollian dynamics (flux/balance laws). Focusing our attention to Petrov algebraically special spacetimes (for which the infinite expansion resums), we use the Carrollian flux/balance laws together with the conservation of the energy-momentum and Cotton tensors to build two dual towers of bulk charges from a purely boundary perspective. Among them we recover the mass and angular momentum mutipolar moments for the Kerr-Taub-NUT family. The covariant gauge is also the appropriate framework to unveil the action of hidden symmetries of gravity on the null boundary. In this thesis we study exhaustively the case of Ehlers' $SL(2,mathbb{R})$ symmetry.On the side of thermal field theory we see that while at infinite temperature a CFT is described by its spectrum and the OPE coefficients, additional data is needed in the thermal case. These are the average values of primary operators, completely determined up to a constant coefficient. Numerical simulations, duality with black-hole states in AdS or spectral analyses are the methods usually employed to uncover the latter. Our work features a new breadth. Starting from two coupled harmonic oscillators, we show that they are related to conformal ladder graphs of fishnet theories. This observation is the first step for setting a new correspondence between thermal partition functions and graphs
Bonnabel, Silvère. „Observateurs asymptotiques invariants : théories et exemples“. Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1590.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at developing nonlinear estimators, namely observers of the type of Luenberger or extended Kalman filter. We first build an observer to estimate internal concentrations in a polymerisation reactor of TOTAL. Using a model and the measurement of flows and temperatures we give a real-time estimation of the concentrations. The estimator was implemented on an industrial plant. Noticing the kinetic equations of chemistry are independent of the choice of units (mol/l of kg/l) we wondered on the possibility to preserve this property when building estimators. We realized this new constraint allows suggesting interesting candidates observers, and fruitful change of variables to study the asymptotic behaviour. Then we developed a general theory on observers and symmetries. The main contribution of the thesis is to isolate a large class of systems for which one can build interesting candidates observers. The error (between true and estimated state) equation has strong properties, reminding the linear stationary case. The theory was applied to several examples of engineering interest, in particular velocity-aided inertial navigation. The last part of the thesis shows the methodology is a useful guide to tackle some examples which do not belong to the theory’s framework. In particular we built an observer for data assimilation in oceanography
Moutoussamy, Isabelle. „Symétries et singularités de solutions d'équations paraboliques semi-linéaires“. Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGabriel, Franck. „Champs d'holonomies et matrices aléatoires : symétries de tressage et de permutation“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066168/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on planar Yang-Mills measures and planar Markovian holonomy fields. We consider two different questions : the study of planar Markovian holonomy fields with fixed structure group and the asymptotic study of the planar Yang-Mills measures when the dimension of the structure group grows. We define the notion of planar Markovian holonomy fields which generalizes the concept of planar Yang-Mills measures. We construct, characterize and classify the planar Markovian holonomy fields by introducing a new symmetry : the invariance under the action of braids. We show that there is a bijection between planar Markovian holonomy fields and some equivalent classes of Lévy processes. We use these results in order to characterize Markovian holonomy fields on spherical surfaces. The Markovian holonomy fields with the symmetric group as structure group can be constructed using random ramified coverings. We prove that the monodromies of these models of random ramified coverings converge as the number of sheets of the covering goes to infinity. To prove this, we develop general tools in order to study the limits of families of random matrices invariant by the symmetric group. This allows us to generalize ideas, developped by Thierry Lévy in order to study the planar Yang-Mills measure with the unitary structure group, to the setting where the structure group is the symmetric group
Méliot, Pierre-Loïc. „Partitions aléatoires et théorie asymptotique des groupes symétriques, des algèbres d'Hecke et des groupes de Chevalley finis“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587770.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLancien, Cécilia. „High dimension and symmetries in quantum information theory“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1077/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIf a one-phrase summary of the subject of this thesis were required, it would be something like: miscellaneous large (but finite) dimensional phenomena in quantum information theory. That said, it could nonetheless be helpful to briefly elaborate. Starting from the observation that quantum physics unavoidably has to deal with high dimensional objects, basically two routes can be taken: either try and reduce their study to that of lower dimensional ones, or try and understand what kind of universal properties might precisely emerge in this regime. We actually do not choose which of these two attitudes to follow here, and rather oscillate between one and the other. In the first part of this manuscript (Chapters 5 and 6), our aim is to reduce as much as possible the complexity of certain quantum processes, while of course still preserving their essential characteristics. The two types of processes we are interested in are quantum channels and quantum measurements. In both cases, complexity of a transformation is measured by the number of operators needed to describe its action, and proximity of the approximating transformation towards the original one is defined in terms of closeness between the two outputs, whatever the input. We propose universal ways of achieving our quantum channel compression and quantum measurement sparsification goals (based on random constructions) and prove their optimality. Oppositely, the second part of this manuscript (Chapters 7, 8 and 9) is specifically dedicated to the analysis of high dimensional quantum systems and some of their typical features. Stress is put on multipartite systems and on entanglement-related properties of theirs. We essentially establish the following: as the dimensions of the underlying spaces grow, being barely distinguishable by local observers is a generic trait of multipartite quantum states, and being very rough approximations of separability itself is a generic trait of separability relaxations. On the technical side, these statements stem mainly from average estimates for suprema of Gaussian processes, combined with the concentration of measure phenomenon. In the third part of this manuscript (Chapters 10 and 11), we eventually come back to a more dimensionality reduction state of mind. This time though, the strategy is to make use of the symmetries inherent to each particular situation we are looking at in order to derive a problem-dependent simplification. By quantitatively relating permutation symmetry and independence, we are able to show the multiplicative behavior of several quantities showing up in quantum information theory (such as support functions of sets of states, winning probabilities in multi-player non-local games etc.). The main tool we develop for that purpose is an adaptable de Finetti type result
Sage, Marc. „Combinatoire algébrique et géométrique des nombres de Hurwitz“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804228.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComparat, Daniel. „Formation de molécules froides par photoassociation d'atomes froids de césium. Mise en évidence de forces à longue portée entre atomes froids excités de césium“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLambert, Pierre-Henry. „Conformal symmetries of gravity from asymptotic methods, further developments“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209249.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this thesis is devoted to the presentation of asymptotic methods (symmetries, solution space and surface charges) applied to gravity in the case of the BMS gauge in three and four spacetime dimensions.
The second part of this thesis contains the original contributions.
Firstly, it is shown that the enhancement from Lorentz to Virasoro algebra also occurs for asymptotically flat spacetimes defined in the sense of Newman-Unti. As a first application, the transformation laws of the Newman-Penrose coefficients characterizing solution space of the Newman-Unti approach are worked out, focusing on the inhomogeneous terms that contain the information about central extensions of the theory. These transformations laws make the conformal structure particularly transparent, and constitute the main original result of the thesis.
Secondly, asymptotic symmetries of the Einstein-Yang-Mills system with or without cosmological constant are explicitly worked out in a unified manner in $d$ dimensions. In agreement with a recent conjecture, a Virasoro-Kac-Moody type algebra is found not only in three dimensions but also in the four dimensional asymptotically flat case.
These two parts of the thesis are supplemented by appendices.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Cassart, Delphine. „Optimal tests for symmetry“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210693.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa construction de modèles d'asymétrie est un sujet de recherche qui a connu un grand développement ces dernières années, et l'obtention des tests optimaux (pour trois modèles différents) est une étape essentielle en vue de leur mise en application.
Notre approche est fondée sur la théorie de Le Cam d'une part, pour obtenir les propriétés de normalité asymptotique, bases de la construction des tests paramétriques optimaux, et la théorie de Hajek d'autre part, qui, via un principe d'invariance permet d'obtenir les procédures non-paramétriques.
Nous considérons dans ce travail deux classes de distributions univariées asymétriques, l'une fondée sur un développement d'Edgeworth (décrit dans le Chapitre 1), et l'autre construite en utilisant un paramètre d'échelle différent pour les valeurs positives et négatives (le modèle de Fechner, décrit dans le Chapitre 2).
Le modèle d'asymétrie elliptique étudié dans le dernier chapitre est une généralisation multivariée du modèle du Chapitre 2.
Pour chacun de ces modèles, nous proposons de tester l'hypothèse de symétrie par rapport à un centre fixé, puis par rapport à un centre non spécifié.
Après avoir décrit le modèle pour lequel nous construisons les procédures optimales, nous obtenons la propriété de normalité locale asymptotique. A partir de ce résultat, nous sommes capable de construire les tests paramétriques localement et asymptotiquement optimaux. Ces tests ne sont toutefois valides que si la densité sous-jacente f est correctement spécifiée. Ils ont donc le mérite de déterminer les bornes d'efficacité paramétrique, mais sont difficilement applicables.
Nous adaptons donc ces tests afin de pouvoir tester les hypothèses de symétrie par rapport à un centre fixé ou non, lorsque la densité sous-jacente est considérée comme un paramètre de nuisance.
Les tests que nous obtenons restent localement et asymptotiquement optimaux sous f, mais restent valides sous une large classe de densités.
A partir des propriétés d'invariance du sous-modèle identifié par l'hypothèse nulle, nous obtenons les tests de rangs signés localement et asymptotiquement optimaux sous f, et valide sous une vaste classe de densité. Nous présentons en particulier, les tests fondés sur les scores normaux (ou tests de van der Waerden), qui sont optimaux sous des hypothèses Gaussiennes, tout en étant valides si cette hypothèse n'est pas vérifiée.
Afin de comparer les performances des tests paramétriques et non paramétriques présentés, nous calculons les efficacités asymptotiques relatives des tests non paramétriques par rapport aux tests pseudo-Gaussiens, sous une vaste classe de densités non-Gaussiennes, et nous proposons quelques simulations.
Doctorat en sciences, Orientation statistique
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Troessaert, Cédric. „Aspects of duality in gravitational theories“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209892.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUn des outils pour étudier une theorie est la notion de dualité. On dit que deux théories sont duales quand elles décrivent le même système par des moyens différents. La dualité est le dictionnaire permettant de passer d’une description à l’autre. Dans ma thèse, j’ai étudié deux dualités s’appliquant à la gravité en 4 dimensions.
La première est connue sous le nom de dualité électromagnétique. A l’origine, cette dualité s’applique à l’électromagnétisme où elle échange les rôles du champ &
Doctorat en Sciences
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Guevel, Yann. „Méthodes numériques adaptées à la résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes“. Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS392/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research group "Instabilités et Méthodes Numériques Spéci-fiques" operates in the development of numerical tools for solving nonlinear problems by using, in particluar, the Asymptotic Numer- ical Method (ANM). Based on coupling a perturbation method and a spatial discretization, the ANM is effective and makes it possible to precisely determine the transitions such as, for example, loss of uniqueness of the solution. The objective of this thesis is to offer al- ternative numerical methods both robust and effective, for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. We are interested in steady bifurcation analysis, and in time dependent flow simulation .Initially, numerical bifurcation analysis techniques for steady flow problems in very large number of degrees of freedom are de- scribed. These techniques, based on the ANM, are implemented in the multiphysics ELMER open-source software. We detail the im- plementation of the steady bifurcation analysis methods such as continuation of solution branches, detection of load parameter critical values and branch switching at steady bifurcation point. The emer- gence of a geometric progression in ANM series terms in the vicinity of a singularity is described. Discussions are proposed for the case of symmetry breaking bifurcations. The methods described in this the- sis are validated using reference cases of the literature, such as flow in pipe with sudden expansion/contraction. New results for three- dimensional flow in a sudden expansion, are obtained according to a parametric study. The use of high performance computing libraries makes possible the bifurcation analysis for models with high number of degrees of freedom, in affordable computing times. Secondly, high-order solvers are proposed for the simulation of un- steady flows. Homotopy with convex combination and a perturba- tion technique, are coupled to a time integration scheme in order to solve the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. The case of two- dimensional flow around a fixed cylinder is studied. This reference problem allows us to validate and discuss proposed improvements. In this way, we confirm, in the numerical tests, that it is possible to reduce the computation time by avoiding operators assembly and resolution of unuseful linear systems in respect to the solution quality. In addition, new lighting is provided on the use of Padé approximants over previous work. The use of these nonlinear solvers allows us to significantly reduce the number of matrix factorization retaining them valid for many time steps, and sometimes on the complete time do- main. Many opportunities are envisaged, in particular the analysis of ANM series for the case of limit point, the Hopf bifurcation, the study of other cases of three-dimensional flow, the fluid-structure interaction. Similarly, the combination of ANM models with reduction techniques f stable periodic orbits are possible
Lucena, Gomez Gustavo. „Aspects of higher-spin theory with fermions“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePart I is concerned with the Higher-Spin Theory extending the anti-de Sitter orthosymplectic Supergravity in three dimensions. After recalling the construction of the latter we exhibit the structure of the former, and then explain how to generalize the boundary conditions for Supergravity to the higher-spin case. Following the usual procedure, we compute the form of the residual gauge parameter and then identify the Poisson-bracket algebra governing the asymptotic dynamics. It is found to be a nonlinear, supersymmetric algebra of the W-infinity type with same central charge as pure Gravity in the Virasoro sector, which is a subalgebra thereof. The simply supersymmetric case is treated explicitly whereas the details of the extended cases are relegated to the appendices.
Part II deals with the interaction problem for gauge fermions coupled to Electromagnetism and Gravity in flat spacetime of arbitrary dimension. First we recall the so-called BRST-Antifield techniques, which reformulate the deformation problem as a cohomological one, recasting the familiar Noether procedure for finding out interactions in a mathematically systematic way. We then use these methods to classify and obtain expressions for the gauge-invariant cubic couplings between a symmetric tensor-spinor and a spin-1 and spin-2 gauge field. With no input from previous works, we find the complete list of interaction terms with minimal assumptions and in particular shed light on the quartic obstructions to full consistency.
Doctorat en Sciences
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AGHANNAN, Nasradine. „Contrôle de réacteurs de polymérisation, Observateur et Invariance“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006598.
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Le travail de régulation concernait des réacteurs tubulaires en boucle, fonctionnant en phase liquide. Nous avons à partir des lois de conservation de masse et d'énergie, établis des modèles. Ces derniers étant nonlinéaires, nous avons utilisé des techniques de contrôle (linéarisation par bouclage) et d'observateur
(contraction) nonlinéaires, que nous avons installées sur les unités.
Ce projet nous a amené à réfléchir sur la manière dont on peut tenir compte des symétries d'un système pour élaborer des observateurs. Nous avons considéré le cas de systèmes invariants sous l'action de groupe de transformations: notre contribution réside dans la définition de la notion d'erreur invariante,ingrédient important dans la conception d'observateurs invariants. Nous décrivons ensuite un observateur asymptotique, localement convergent pour une classe de système Lagrangiens, qui a la propriété d'être intrinsèque tout comme le sont les équations d'Euler-Lagrange. Ces deux études remettent ainsi en perspective la notion d'erreur pour les systèmes nonlinéaires, en tenant compte de la géométrie qui structure ces systèmes.
Razafindralandy, Dina. „Contribution à l'étude mathématique et numérique de la simulation des grandes échelles“. Phd thesis, Université de la Rochelle, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009762.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCompère, Geoffrey. „Symmetries and conservation laws in Lagrangian gauge theories with applications to the mechanics of black holes and to gravity in three dimensions“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210694.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe treatment of exact conservation laws in Lagrangian gauge theories constitutes the main axis of the first part of the thesis. The formalism is developed as a self-consistent theory but is inspired by earlier works, mainly by cohomological results, covariant phase space methods and by the Hamiltonian formalism.
The thermodynamical properties of black holes, especially the first law, are studied in a general geometrical setting and are worked out for several black objects: black holes, strings and rings. Also, the geometrical and thermodynamical properties of a new family of black holes with closed timelike curves in three dimensions are described.
The second part of the thesis is the natural generalization of the first part to asymptotic analyses. We start with a general construction of covariant phase spaces admitting asymptotically conserved charges. The representation of the asymptotic symmetry algebra by a covariant Poisson bracket among the conserved charges is then defined and is shown to admit generically central extensions. The asymptotic structures of three three-dimensional spacetimes are then studied in detail and the consequences for quantum gravity in three dimensions are discussed.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Henry, Raphaël. „Spectre et pseudospectre d'opérateurs non-autoadjoints“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924425.
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