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Meissner, Nathan. „A semiotic approach to the Maya "postclassic international symbol set" /“. Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203552011&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Shrestha, Mandip. „SYMBOL SET SELECTION IN GSSK MIMO SYSTEMS WITH CORRELATED ANTENNAS“. International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624221.
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Generalized space shift keying (GSSK) is a transmission scheme where only antenna
indices are used to send information from the transmitter to a receiver. This paper investigates
the best symbol set selection problem in GSSK multiple-input-multiple-output
(MIMO) systems when the transmit antennas are correlated. Although multiple antennas
can increase data rate and signal quality without increasing the bandwidth, spatial
correlations among the antennas highly affect the performance of the system. The
idea here is to maximize the inter-symbol Euclidean distance to obtain the best symbol
set. Recently such an algorithm has been proposed for the visible light communication
(VLC) systems. This paper adopts this VLC algorithm for radio frequency (RF) communication
systems. The results show that the proposed symbol set design can provide
several dBs of gain in the symbol error rate (SER) performance over randomly selected
symbol sets in GSSK systems.
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Morgan, Tami M. „Do You See What I See? How Symbol Integration Facilitates Responsibility to Self and Culture“. Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10255367.
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The human psyche is continuously producing symbols. These representations are stilled, emotively energized moments of the external world. The proposition of this thesis is that when symbols are projected onto objects, they lose capacity to elicit subjective motivation for personal responsibility to Self and culture. This research examines the questions: Do you see what I see? How does symbol integration facilitate responsibility to Self and culture? Using hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores the meaning-making function of symbol formation, demonstrating how, through the integration of once-projected symbols, the individual can experience individuation; the becoming of true Self. Other areas of examination include symbol in relation to sign and symbol: myth and metaphor; the Self; meaning making; sameness and otherness in the function of rituals; and impact of religion on culture. This investigation also focuses on psyche’s creation of symbol and explores how an individual’s ability to integrate archetypal energy facilitates integration and individuation.
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Chiu, Hannah. „The Sea Turtle as a Marketing Symbol for the Anti-Plastics Movement“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/92.
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The anti-plastic straw movement uses the sea turtle to bring an empathetic symbol to broaden the scope of the plastics problem in the ocean, giving the public a powerful visual image for the first time in the history of the anti-plastics movement. In this thesis, I build on existing conversations on charismatic megafauna and flagship species, to explore the emerging anti-plastic straw movement and its use of the sea turtle as a symbol. I also provide an analysis of the imagery and comments on social media sites of green marketing companies and non-governmental organizations. These social media sites, such as Instagram, are the primary vehicle for attracting clients, supporters, and donations.
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Waseem, Athar, und A. H. M. Sadath Hossain. „MIMO Channel Equalization and Symbol Detection using Multilayer Neural Network“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2345.
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In recent years Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have been employed in wireless communication systems to reach the goals of high data rate. A MIMO use multiple antennas at both transmitting and receiving ends. These antennas communicate with each other on the same frequency band and help in linearly increasing the channel capacity. Due to the multi paths wireless channels face the problem of channel fading which cause Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). Each channel path has an independent path delay, independent path loss or path gain and phase shift, cause deformations in a signal and due to this deformation the receiver can detect a wrong or a distorted signal. To remove this fading effect of channel from received signal many Neural Network (NN) based channel equalizers have been proposed in literature. Due to high level non-linearity, NN can be efficient to decode transmitted symbols that are effected by fading channels. The task of channel equalization can also be considered as a classification job. In the data (received symbol sequences) spaces NN can easily make decision regions. Specifically, NN has the universal approximation capability and form decision regions with arbitrarily shaped boundaries. This property supports the NN to be introduced and perform the task of channel equalization and symbol detection. This research project presents the implementation of NN to be use as a channel equalizer for Rayleigh fading channels causing ISI in MIMO systems. Channel equalization has been done using NN as a classification problem. The equalizer is implemented over MIMO system of different forms using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation scheme (4QAM & 16QAM) signals. Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), One Step Secant (OSS), Gradient Descent (GD), Resilient backpropagation (Rprop) and Conjugate Gradient (CG) algorithms are used for the training of NN. The Weights calculated during the training process provides the equalization matrix as an estimate of Channel. The output of the NN provides the estimate of transmitted signals. The equalizer is assessed in terms of Symbol Error Rate (SER) and equalizer efficiency.
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Weydert, Emil. „How to approximate the naive comprehension scheme inside of classical logic“. Bonn : [s.n.], 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19990751.html.
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Boskovitz, Agnes. „Data editing and logic : the covering set method from the perspective of logic /“. View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20080314.163155/index.html.
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Grossarth, Jan [Verfasser]. „Die Vergiftung der Erde : Metaphern und Symbole agrarpolitischer Diskurse seit Beginn der Industrialisierung / Jan Grossarth“. Frankfurt am Main : Campus Verlag, 2018. http://www.campus.de/home/.
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Samuelsson, Maria, und Fridlund Olivia Stamborg. „"Det ser ut som ett äpple som är upptuggat" : En studie om hur barn tolkar grafiska symboler och hur förskollärare undervisar om symboler“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-59509.
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Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur förskolebarn tolkar och förstår symbolers kommunikativa funktioner. Vidare syftar studien till att generera kunskap om hur förskollärare kan stötta barns symbolförståelse i förskolans verksamhet. Specifikt avser studien att besvara följande frågor: 1. Hur tolkar förskolebarn symbolers kommunikativa funktioner? 2. Hur undervisar förskollärare om symbolers kommunikativa funktioner? Studiens syfte besvarades med hjälp av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där både barn och förskollärare intervjuades enligt en semistrukturerad intervju. Resultatet visar att det finns en variation i barns förståelse av hur de tolkar och förstår grafiska symboler. Vårt resultat visar även att barn förstår symboler i olika steg. Till en början ser barn symbolerna som ett objekt för att sedan veta att de är laddade med ett budskap och till sist få en rikare förståelse för symbolen. Liksom tidigare forskning visar vårt resultat att inga symboler är transparenta då de består av varierande komplexitet. Efter avslutad studie kan vi även se att erfarenhet har en betydande roll för hur barn tolkar och förstår symboler. Hur barn har introducerats för symbolerna och hur de pratar om dessa beror också på deras tidigare erfarenheter. Dessa erfarenheter beror på de miljöer och den kultur barnet befinner sig i. I intervjuerna med förskollärarna visades det att de ansåg sig kunna stötta barnens symbolförståelse på olika sätt, till exempel genom att erbjuda variation och olika aktiviteter där symboler introducerats. De beskrev även att de kan stötta barn i deras symbolförståelse genom att uppmärksamma olika symboler i närmiljön och utgå från barnets intresse. Förskollärarna förklarar dessutom att de stöttar barnen genom kommunikation, detta genom att diskutera till exempel vad som skiljer olika bokstäver från varandra.
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Garcia, Graziela Gallo. „Os significados da seta: análise do símbolo gráfico em sistemas de sinalização, de esquematização e de identidades visuais“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-17042013-110157/.
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Esta dissertação de mestrado analisa a seta como símbolo gráfico universal da comunicação visual, reconhecido por diferentes povos em diversas épocas e culturas. A pesquisa apresenta a seta como transmissora de informações essenciais por meio de seus vários significados e funções facilitando as interações sociais no mundo contemporâneo, diminuindo as dificuldades geradas por especificidades linguísticas e auxiliando na possibilidade de uma rápida interpretação das mensagens comunicadas, ainda que dentro de limites culturais. O estudo mostra que este símbolo gráfico é utilizado desde os tempos mais remotos, nas pinturas rupestres, até os dias atuais, com usos distintos em vários campos do conhecimento. O objetivo da análise é identificar os significados mais notáveis do símbolo gráfico seta, além de sua função direcional básica e como eles se desenvolveram em três modalidades de aplicação: (1) a seta nos sistemas de sinalização, orientando e dirigindo o fluxo do tráfego humano e suas variantes nos pictogramas e na sinalização viária, algumas vezes com significados distintos como o de \"encontro\", \"indicação\" ou \"localização\"; (2) a seta nos sistemas de esquematização em várias áreas do conhecimento, da vida cotidiana às representações científicas, empregada com diferentes funções, dependendo da intenção da mensagem a ser transmitida, entre elas: \"ação\", \"causa-efeito\", \"foco\", \"geração\", \"identificação\", \"intensidade\", \"limite\", \"relação\", \"sequência\", \"tempo\", \"transferência\" e \"transformação\"; (3) a seta nos sistemas de identidades visuais, representando empresas ou produtos visualmente e de forma ordenada, com novos significados vindos de associações semânticas relacionadas às situações específicas de cada marca e aos setores de mercado aos quais elas pertencem, como por exemplo: \"cobertura\", \"satisfação\", \"simpatia\", \"saúde\", \"crescimento\", \"desenvolvimento\", \"rapidez\", \"centralização\", \"prazer\" e \"suavidade\". É uma pesquisa qualitativa que pretende, com a análise e a interpretação das variáveis dos fenômenos particulares a cada campo de estudo, entender de forma ampla, partes das dimensões semântica e pragmática do símbolo gráfico em questão. Este estudo aprofundado pretende contribuir para o melhor entendimento e utilização da seta por comunicadores e designers, com maior conhecimento e propriedade, permitindo sua aplicação mais clara e efetiva nos sistemas de sinalização de grandes espaços, de esquematização da informação visual e de identidades visuais.This thesis analyzes the arrow as a universal graphic symbol in visual communication, one recognized by different people in different times and cultures. The research presents the arrow as a transmitter of critical information through its various meanings and functions, facilitating social interactions in the contemporary world, lessening the difficulties caused by linguistic specificities and assisting in the possibility of a rapid interpretation, though still within cultural limits, of the messages communicated. The study shows that this graphic symbol has been used since ancient times, from cave paintings to the present day, with different uses in various fields of knowledge. The goal of the analysis is to identify the most notable meanings of the arrow graphic symbol, besides its basic directional function, and how these meanings developed into three types of applications: (1) the arrow in signage systems, guiding and directing the flow of human traffic and its variants in pictograms and road signs, sometimes with different meanings like \"meeting\", \"indication\" or \"location\"; (2) the arrow in diagrams in various areas of knowledge, from everyday life to scientific representations, used with different functions, depending on the intent of the message to be transmitted, including: \"action\", \"cause and effect\", \"focus\", \"generation\", \"identification\", \"intensity\", \"boundary\", \"relationship\", \"sequence\", \"time\", \"transfer\" and \"transformation\"; (3) the arrow in corporate identity systems, representing companies or products visually and in an orderly fashion, with new meanings coming from semantic associations related to the specific circumstances of each brand and market sectors to which they belong, such as: \"covering\", \"satisfaction\", \"sympathy\", \"health\", \"growth\", \"development\", \"speed\", \"centralization\", \"pleasure\", and \"softness\". This qualitative research seeks, with analysis and interpretation of the variables of phenomena specific to each field of study, to broadly understand parts of the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of the graphic symbol in question. This is in-depth study which aims to contribute to a better understanding and use of the arrow by communicators and designers, with greater knowledge and propriety, allowing for its clearer and more effective application in signage systems in large spaces, diagrams of visual information, and corporate identities.
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Mary, Philippe. „Etude analytique des performances des systèmes radio-mobiles en présence d'évanouissements et d'effet de masque“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00406310.
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Cette thèse a pour but l'analyse des performances d'une communication radio en présence d'évanouissements et d'effet de masque. Le masquage, du aux obstacles entre l'émetteur et le récepteur, fait varier la probabilité d'erreur moyenne ("Symbole Error Probability" SEP). L'étude de la probabilité de coupure symbole (SEO "Symbol error Outage") définie comme la probabilité que le SEP moyen excède une valeur seuil est donc plus pertinent. La difficulté de son étude réside dans le fait qu'une inversion du SEP moyen par rapport au SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) est nécessaire. Par la méthode de Laplace nous donnons des approximations précises à tout SNR du SEP dans un canal de Nakagami-m et Rice dans le cas mono-antenne. Nous montrons ensuite que ces approximations sont inversibles par rapport au SNR et permettent d'exprimer analytiquement le SEO en fonction du SEP cible. Nous intégrons ensuite le codage canal et dérivons des expressions analytiques de la probabilité de coupure paquet pour un codage bloc puis un codage convolutif à entrée décidée. Nous étendons l'étude aux systèmes MIMO à codage bloc orthogonaux puis à multiplexage spatial où des formes exactes du SEO sont dérivées. Nous considérons le cas où des interférents sont présents. Nous dérivons une approximation précise et inversible de la probabilité d'erreur lorsque les signaux se propagent à travers un canal à évanouissements rapides de Rayleigh. Enfin parce que la prise en compte de l'interférence est un moyen avéré d'augmenter la capacité des réseaux, nous étudions les performances de la détection multiutilisateurs à maximum de vraisemblance (MUD-MLSE), dans un contexte WLAN à canaux recouvrant.
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Bengtsson, Ulla, und Inger Bertilsson. „Känner vi igen dem när vi ser dem? En litteraturstudie om symtom vid hjärtinfarkt, ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv“. Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1043.
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Akut hjärt-kärlsjukdom orsakar mer än hälften av alla dödsfall i Sverige. Många patienter med akut hjärtinfarkt uppvisar inte de klassiska symtom som vanligtvis förknippas med sjukdomen utan har en mer atypisk symtombild. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vikten av god kunskap och kännedom om den varierande symtombild som kan förekomma vid hjärtinfarkt, sett ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. I metoden har 23 vetenskapliga artiklar bearbetats. Resultatet visade att förekomst av atypiska symtom var vanligare hos kvinnor, äldre och diabetiker. Män upplevde framförallt bröstsmärta, smärtutstrålning till armar och svettning. Kvinnor uppvisade bröstsmärta i mindre omfattning men upplevde däremot mer andnöd, rygg- och nacksmärta, besvär från mag-tarmkanalen, trötthet och orkeslöshet. Varningssymtom förekom hos ett stort antal patienter och framförallt hos kvinnor. Patienterna uppfattade och uttryckte sina besvär på olika sätt, vilket påverkade deras beslut att söka vård. Sjuksköterskans roll ansågs vara att informera patienter, speciellt de med högre risk att uppvisa atypiska symtom samt allmänheten om den annorlunda symtombild som kan förekomma. Sjuksköterskor måste ha god kunskap och kännedom om olikheter i symtombild hos olika patientgrupper. De bör vara lyhörda och ha en klinisk blick samt förstå vikten av god framförhållning och beredskap för ett adekvat omhändertagande. I framtiden måste kunskapen utökas och spridas bland allmänheten. Vidare forskning i ämnet är önskvärt ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv.
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Rangel, Tainara Serodio Amim. „Vivendo a contradição entre ser mulher e ser profissional no processo de cuidar de mulheres soropositivas para o Hiv“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1949.
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A presente pesquisa pretendeu investigar os significados atribuídos por mulheres profissionais ao processo de cuidar de mulheres com Hiv, considerando a vulnerabilidade no contexto da feminização do Hiv/Aids. Para isto traçou como objetivos: descrever os significados atribuídos por mulheres que cuidam de mulheres soropositivo para o Hiv, considerando a vulnerabilidade no contexto da feminização do Hiv/Aids; analisar o processo de interação de mulheres profissionais no cuidado de mulheres soropositivo para o Hiv à luz do interacionismo simbólico A metodologia empregada foi a abordagem qualitativa subsidiada pela Grounded Theory. A técnica de coleta de dados escolhida foi entrevista semi-estruturada. Em consoante com a Grounded Theory, o referencial de análise dos dados foi o Interacionismo Simbólico. A pesquisa apontou duas categorias centrais pelas quais permeiam os significados do cuidado em questão. Na primeira, a mulher-profissional fala como mulher que crê estar ao imune ao Hiv por via sexual mantendo relacionamento estável, onde se verifica forte vulnerabilidade de gênero para o Hiv; na segunda, a profissional-mulher reconhece a vulnerabilidade das mulheres que cuida, e dita regras de como viver e como se prevenir para o Hiv, como o uso do preservativo. A partir destas categorias identificou-se que os significados atribuídos por mulheres profissionais ao processo de cuidar de mulheres com Hiv, considerando a vulnerabilidade no contexto da feminização do Hiv/Aids, assumiu significados diferentes a partir das diversas situações vividas e das experiências interacionais das profissionais. Assim, os significados se agruparam em dois fenômenos: o de Saúde para a mulher e o de Morte para a mulher e riscos para si. O estudo concluiu que as profissionais ainda trazem consigo a antiga visão do Hiv/Aids, o que contribui para o fomento da discriminação e do preconceito, mesmo estes não estando presentes em seus discursos. Desta forma, cuidar de uma mulher com Hiv pode ser especial por ser uma oportunidade de esperança e recomeço para a mulher, como também um momento de julgamento e condenação e, ainda, de se colocar em risco para cuidar do outro.This research intended to investigate the meanings attributed by professional women to the process of taking care of women with HIV, considering the vulnerability in the context of feminization of HIV/Aids. Therefore, it was established as objectives: to describe the meanings given by women that take care of HIV seropositive women, considering the vulnerability in the context of feminization of HIV/Aids; to analyze the interaction process of professional women in the care of HIV seropositive women, in relation to the symbolic interaction. The methodology used was the qualitative approach, subsided by the Grounded Theory. The data collection technique chosen was the semi-structure interview. In accordance with the Grounded Theory, the referential of analysis of the data was the Symbolic Interaction. The research has pointed out two main categories through which the meanings of the care at issue permeate. In the first, the professional woman talks as a woman who believes to the immune to sexually acquired HIV, keeping a stable relationship, where it can be verified a strong vulnerability of the genre for the HIV; in the second one, the professional woman recognizes the vulnerability of the women she takes care of, and she dictates the rules on how to live and how a woman can prevent the HIV, by using preservatives, for instance. From these categories, it was identified that the meanings attributed by professional women to the process of taking care of women with HIV, considering the vulnerability in the context of feminization of HIV/Aids has assumed different meanings as from the several situations lived and from the interaction experiences of the professionals. This way, the meanings were grouped in two phenomena, the Health one, for the woman, and the Death one, for the woman and the risks for herself. The study has concluded that the professionals still have the old vision of HIV/Aids, which contributed for the phenomenon of discrimination and of prejudice, even if they are not present in their speech. Therefore, to take care of a woman with HIV may be special, for it is an opportunity of hope and a fresh start for the woman, as well as a judgment and condemnation moment, and also, of putting herself in risk to take care of others.
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Finley, Aaron Solomon. „“Fathomless, Symbolic, and Threatening”: Capital and Identity in Motion in Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury and Styron’s Set This House on Fire“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1302536383.
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Farrelly, Nicholas Samuel. „Spatial control and symbolic politics at the intersection of China, India and Burma“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f65d3429-b208-41bc-83be-182b83e3bf61.
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The Chinese, Indian and Myanmar governments share the borderlands in the corners of their respective territories where East, South and Southeast Asia meet. In this region of common concern the capacities of these three systems of post-colonial government are regulated so as to prevent excessive political conflict and discourage territorial fragmentation. My research focus is how the governments seek to exert spatial control in areas occupied by the closely-related Jingpo, Singpho and Jinghpaw peoples. As part of their efforts to shape interactions with the central governments, local elites among these peoples have defended and expanded elements of their Jingpo, Singpho and Jinghpaw cultures, particularly their annual Manau festivals. Seeking a way to analyse the relationship between governments and those they govern I draw on the illustrative potential of these large-scale events. It is the symbolic politics of these festivals that suggest an argument about spatial control that refines the state-repelling “Zomia” model proposed by van Schendel (2002) and Scott (2009a). I argue that nodes of control are sites where the governments concentrate power in order to manage their geopolitical ambitions. These nodes succeed when they encourage the acquiescence of local economic and cultural elites. By opening up opportunities for such collaboration, the nodes buttress the strategic links—cultural, political, economic, transportation and communications—that are the main interests of all central governments. It is, moreover, the intrinsic limitation of government ambitions, and their willingness to allow creative ambiguities, that suggests the direction in which ideas about spatial control at the intersection of China, India and Burma can be re conceived.
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Lundberg, Amanda, und Annica Svendsén. „"Vi är i symbios med varandra" : En studie om hur grundskollärare i de tidiga skolåren ser på yrkesrollen för lärare i fritidshem“. Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21450.
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Souza, Rinaldo Pereira de. „O SER DA MULHER IDOSA NA LITERATURA: ENTRE O SAGRADO E O PROFANO“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3179.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-07The present dissertation aims to analyze the configuration of the elderly woman being in the literature, considering the sacred and profane symbolizations attributed to her in classical and modern aesthetic. Chiefly, from the filing of Benjamin, to emphasize that in classic work there was the value of cult, while that in modern work, there is the value of exposition, identifies the elderly personage in the literature. In fairytales, the old woman is represented the negative force, being the witch or the sorceress; in juvenile stories about wolf, Dona Benta and Tia Nastácia, as storytellers and educators assume sacred function, thus diverge from the elderly modern in existential crisis, in search of self-affirmation, apart from the classical ideal, being a coming-to-be. Compuses the corpus of this study, texts of classic literature, the fairy tales, Branca de Neve and João e Maria; Monteiro Lobato juvenile stories, Histórias de Tia Nastácia and Serões de Dona Benta ; and the modern tales of Clarice Lispector, A Partida do Trem , and Lygia Fagundes Teles tale, Senhor Diretor . The study is based on the theories about the symbolic power, the sacred and the profane, the beautiful and the ugly, art as representation, narrator and loss of aura.
A presente dissertação tem-se por objetivo analisar a configuração do ser da mulher idosa na literatura, considerando as simbolizações sagradas e profanas a ela atribuída nas estéticas clássica e moderna. Principalmente, a partir da propositura de Walter Benjamin, ao salientar que na obra clássica havia o valor de culto, enquanto que na obra moderna, há o valor de exposição, identifica-se a personagem idosa na literatura. No conto de fadas, a velha é representada como a força negativa, sendo a bruxa ou a feiticeira; nas histórias infanto-juvenis lobatianas, Dona Benta e Tia Nastácia, como contadoras de histórias e educadoras assumem função sagrada, assim divergem das idosas modernas em crise existencial, em busca de autoafirmação, distanciam do ideal clássico, sendo um vir-a-ser. Compõe o corpus deste trabalho textos da literatura clássica, os contos de fadas, Branca de Neve e João e Maria; as histórias infanto-juvenis de Monteiro Lobato, Histórias de Tia Nastácia e Serões de Dona Benta; e os contos modernos de Clarice Lispector, A Partida do Trem, e o conto de Lygia Fagundes Teles, Senhor Diretor. O estudo fundamenta-se nas teorias sobre o poder simbólico, o sagrado e o profano, o Belo e o Feio, arte como representação, narrador e perda da aura.
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Arbestål, Caroline, und Eveline Schulze. „"Jag ska bara" : - Etnografisk studie i hur konsumenters förhållningssätt och beteende kring icke livsnödvändig konsumtion och fysiska symboler ser ut i relation till restriktionerna under Covid-19“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53097.
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Mendes, Luciano Leonel. „Modelos matematicos para estimação do desempenho de sistemas de multiplexação por divisão em frequencias ortogonais“. [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261100.
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Orientadores: Renato Baldini FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise detalhada do desempenho de sistemas OFDM, considerando a ação do ruído, seletividade na resposta em freqüência do canal, mobilidade do receptor, uso de esquemas de diversidade e ceifamento do sinal por parte do amplificador de potência. O procedimento de realização desta análise consiste em determinar expressões analíticas para estimar a probabilidade de erro de símbolo, comparando as expressões teóricas com resultados obtidos por simulações computacionais. O efeito do erro de estimação de canal no desempenho do sistema, considerando os diferentes cenários mencionados, também foi considerado, uma vez que empregou-se diversos algoritmos de estimação de canal nas simulações implementadas. Existe na literatura diversas expressões para estimar a probabilidade de erro de símbolo nas diferentes situações analisadas neste trabalho. No entanto, essas expressões são válidas para as modulações M QAM quadradas. Neste trabalho, expressões válidas para as modulações não quadradas são apresentadas para todos os cenários analisados. Além disso, algumas considerações utilizadas no desenvolvimento da expressão para estimar a probabilidade de erro de símbolo devido ao ceifamento são revistas, o que resulta em uma expressão mais realista. Este trabalho também apresenta uma breve descrição sobre as principais técnicas de controle de potência de pico para sinais OFDM, descrevendo detalhadamente o uso da transformada de Walsh-Hadamard para este fim. A integração desta transformada com todos os esquemas empregados ao longo do trabalho também é apresentada e o desempenho dos esquemas resultantes é comparado com o desempenho dos esquemas convencionais
Abstract: The aim of this work is to present a detailed analysis about the performance of OFDM systems considering noise, frequency selective fading, moving receiver, diversity and signal c1ipping by the high power amplifier. The approach used in the development of this analysis consists on determining analytical equations to estimate the symbol error probability and compare the theoretical results with the ones obtained by computational simulation. The effect of the channel estimation error is also considered in this analysis, once different channel estimation algorithms is employed to estimate the channel frequency response in the developed simulations. In the literature there are several expressions to estimate the symbol error probability in the different situations 'mentioned above. However, these expressions have been developed for square M QAM constellations. This work presents expressions that are also valid for nonsquare M QAM constellations. Also, the expression to estimate the symbol error probability due the c1ipping is rewritten, resulting in a new expression that is more accurate than the original one. This work also presents a short description of the main techniques used to control the peak to average power ratio in OFDM signals. The Walsh-Hadamard Transform technique is detailed described and its integration with all the schemes used in this work is presented. The performance of the resulting integration is compared with the performance of the conventional systems
Doutorado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Olsson, Monica. „Hur ser en bra skola ut för elever med Aspergers syndrom?“ Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-361.
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The purpose of my work is to investigate the experiences in school for pupils with Asperger syndrome around the question, what is a good school for them. I´m also interested in what experiences the staff has about this question. I made a qualitative interview study. I have interviewed three pupils with Asperger syndrome, a teacher and a pupil assistant. To give the reader background information I have written about what the researchers say about what it is like to have Asperger syndrome. I have also in the literature information about experiences from people with Asperger syndrome. The interviewed pupils are in senior level and the interviewed staff is their supporting staff. All the pupils in this investigation are included in “their own” class. They can leave the class to get support in a small group, either to get help in a special subject, or because they decide that they want help or peace and quiet. My results show that the interviewed pupils have it rather good at school, except in relations to friends. Both the staff and the pupils say that the relationship to the staff is very important. To get an even better school the pupils want that the teachers in the class listen carefully what pupils say to each other.
Syftet med mitt arbete är att undersöka skolerfarenheter hos elever med Aspergers syndrom kring frågan hur en bra skola ser ut för dem. Jag är också intresserad av uppfattningarna hos personalen. För att nå mitt syfte har jag gjort en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning, där jag har intervjuat tre elever med Aspergers syndrom, en lärare och en elevassistent. För att läsaren ska få en bakgrundsinformation har jag tagit upp vad forskarna säger om hur det är att ha Aspergers syndrom. I litteraturgenomgången finns information om hur personer med Aspergers syndrom själva upplever sitt funktionshinder. Eleverna går på högstadiet och den intervjuade personalen är deras stödpersonal. Alla elever i den här undersökningen är inkluderade i ”sin” klass. De går ifrån till en stödgrupp, antingen för att få hjälp i ett speciellt ämne, som är schemalagt, eller för att de själva bestämmer att nu behöver jag hjälp eller lugn och ro. Mitt resultat visar att de intervjuade eleverna har det ganska bra i sin skola, förutom när det gäller kamratrelationer. Relationen till skolpersonalen är mycket viktig, enligt både elever och personal. För att få en ännu bättre skola vill eleverna att lärarna i klassen ska vara mer vaksamma på vad som sägs mellan eleverna.
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Hloušek, Tomáš. „Rušení v bezdrátových sítích a jejich modelování (AWGN, Rayleigh, Rice fading channels)“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217537.
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This thesis describes and models wirelesss transmission intereferences in real communication channels. A signal received on a fading channel is subjected to a multiplicative distortion and to the usual additive noise. Real channel adds to the signal noise and fadings. Gaussian noise is a result of channel awgn. Fadings is implicated by multipath propagation of signal in Rayleigh and Rician channels. Main goal of this project is to program BERsolve, which is created in tool GUIDE in Matlab. User program BERsolve makes it possible to analyse bit error rate and symbol error rate for some types of channel models, which are defined by standard COST207. BERsolve offers some other functions i.e. display time behaviour, constellation diagram and spectrum. This program provides us with an overview representation of problem by multipath interferences in communication channels.
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Henriksson, Maria. „Kristendomens syn på kvinnans hår : en litteraturstudie utifrån Första Korintierbrevet 11:3-16“. Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-461.
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I denna litteraturstudie har jag tittat på hur den kristna kyrkans syn på kvinnans hår har utvecklats från Paulus dagar in i modern tid. Anledningen till mitt intresse för detta ämne var min förvåning då jag upptäckte att Nya Testamentet innehåller regler som säger att kvinnan ska bära huvudbonad. Jag trodde inte att täckandet av kvinnans hår hörde hemma inom den kristna kyrkan.
Syftet med uppsatsen är belysa att Första Korintierbrevet varit grundläggande för den kristna kyrkans syn på kvinnans hår och att detta har kommit att påverka kvinnans ställning och rörelsefrihet i samhället, ända in på 1900-talet. Jag fann att även den kristna kyrkan utfärdade skriftliga förkunnelser som hade med kvinnans hår att göra under det första årtusendet. Därefter har tolkningar gjorda av denna text varit grundläggande då seder skapats som sagt att kvinnan ska täcka sitt huvud och hår då hon lämnade hemmet. Denna sed levde kvar i Sverige ända in på 1900-talet.
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Fé, Ana Lúcia Damasceno Moura. „Tecnologias móveis e vida pessoal: uma pesquisa sobre o impacto da comunicação sem fio no tempo de trabalho e nas demais esferas da vida social“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5073.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-21This doctoral thesis, of an exclusively theoretical nature, focuses on the use of mobile technologies in the corporate environment, with voice, data and Internet access resources such as cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and notebooks, and the implications of the growing use of these technologies in the lives of their users. The theme is justified because mobile technologies, which are at the core of a technological revolution that has caused major impacts on the personal and professional lives of individuals, have received little attention in the field of Communications in Brazil and from theoreticians of postmodernity. The main questions comprising the research problem were: Do companies really achieve gains in productivity through these technologies? What is the highest level (if such a limit exists) of productivity that corporations seek? Do companies and/or professionals feel any concern or unease about this question? To what extent do resources such as permanent connections and sophisticated hardware, allied to the pressure for higher productivity, eliminate or attenuate the boundaries between personal life, work and leisure? Do companies and/or professionals consider this lack of boundaries beneficial or harmful? Does this scenario encompass any form of violence? Is there awareness or reflection about it? The theoretical fundaments underpinning the thesis included the theory of sociodromology (Virilio and Trivinho) and the sociology and psychology of work (Antunes, Bourdieu and Dejours) as well as theories of postmodernity that underpin discussions about how machines have usurped man s place at the center of existence. The methodology adopted here consisted of a survey, registration and review of the selected bibliography and of theoretical and epistemological reflections about the subject of the study. Among the main conclusions of this research is the verification/validation of the hypothesis of the consolidation of mobile technologies as the main protagonists of human life, offering professionals not only benefits such as enhanced information flows, help in performing tasks, and rapid contact with their superiors, peers and families, etc. but also drawbacks such as the invasion of work into personal life and a hidden, unquantifiable and unpaid increase in working hours, as well as physical and emotional stress. Wireless communications in real time have undoubtedly benefited companies in terms of increased productivity. However, their introduction into the daily life of workers has generally been unplanned, without studies or reflections about their negative impact on people s quality of life
A presente Tese de Doutorado, de caráter exclusivamente teórico, foca a utilização, no ambiente corporativo, de tecnologias móveis com recursos de voz, dados e acesso à rede mundial, como celulares, personal digital assistants (PDAs) e notebooks, e as implicações do crescente uso dessas tecnologias na vida dos usuários. O tema se justifica porque as tecnologias móveis, em que pese estarem no cerne de uma revolução tecnológica que promove impactos importantes nas esferas pessoal e profissional dos indivíduos, têm recebido pouca atenção no campo da Comunicação no Brasil e entre os teóricos da pós-modernidade. As principais indagações que configuraram o problema de pesquisa foram as seguintes: as empresas realmente obtêm ganhos de produtividade com essas tecnologias? qual o limite máximo (se há limite) da produtividade buscada pelas corporações? há entre as empresas e/ou profissionais preocupação ou desconforto quanto a essa questão? até que ponto recursos como conexão permanente e sofisticação de equipamentos, somados à pressão por maior produtividade, eliminam ou atenuam as fronteiras entre vida pessoal e trabalho? isso é visto pela empresa e/ou profissional como benefício ou prejuízo? há alguma forma de violência nesse cenário? há consciência ou reflexão sobre isso? O quadro teórico para fundamentação da Tese incluiu a teoria sociodromológica (Virilio e Trivinho) e a sociologia e psicologia do trabalho (Antunes, Bourdieu e Dejours), além de teorias sobre pós-modernismo que embasam discussões sobre como a máquina tomou o lugar do ser humano no centro da existência. A metodologia adotada consistiu de levantamento, fichamento e revisão da bibliografia selecionada, bem como reflexões teóricas e epistemológicas sobre o objeto de estudo. Entre as principais conclusões de pesquisa está a checagem/validação da hipótese da consolidação das tecnologias móveis como protagonistas da vida humana, que trazem não apenas benefícios para os profissionais, entre os quais incremento do fluxo de informações, auxílio na execução de tarefas e contato rápido com superiores, colegas e familiares, mas também prejuízos, como a invasão do trabalho em sua vida pessoal e aumento camuflado, inquantificável e não-remunerado da jornada profissional, além de transtornos emocionais e físicos. Por certo, a comunicação sem fio e em tempo real beneficia as empresas no que tange ao aumento da produtividade. Entretanto, a sua introdução no dia-a-dia dos funcionários tem ocorrido em geral sem planejamento e sem estudos ou reflexões sobre os impactos negativos em sua qualidade de vida
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Armstrong, Beth Diane. „Hippocampus: seahorse; brain-structure; spatial map; concept“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002224.
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Through an exploration of both sculptural and thought processes undertaken in making my Masters exhibition, ‘Hippocampus’, I unpack some possibilities, instabilities, and limitations inherent in representation and visual perception. This thesis explores the Hippocampus as image (seahorse) and concept (brain-structure involved in cognitive mapping of space). Looking at Gilles Deleuze’s writings on representation, I will expand on the notion of the map as being that which does not define and fix a structure or meaning, but rather is open, extendable and experimental. I explore the becoming, rather than the being, of image and concept. The emphasis here is on process, non-representation, and fluidity of meaning. This is supportive of my personal affirmation of the practice and process of art-making as research. I will refer to the graphic prints of Maurits Cornelis Escher as a means to elucidate a visual contextualization of my practical work, particularly with regard to the play with two- and three-dimensional space perception. Through precisely calculated ‘experiments’ that show up the partiality of our visual perception of space, Escher alludes to things that either cannot actually exist as spatial objects or do exist, but resist representation. Similarly I will explore how my own sculptures, although existing in space resist a fixed representation and suggest ideas of other spaces, non-spaces; an in-between space that does not pin itself down and become fixed to any particular image, idea, objector representation.
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Barnett, Jamie Marie. „Do You Read Me? Objects of Language and the Language of Objects“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/101.
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My project investigates the intersection of typography and furniture. It questions the language of these objects and compares the two, based on an assumption of similarity. Each supports the assertion of the language system of the other.
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Duarte, Maria Marize. „Entre enigmas, rupturas e identidades: Um estudo do processo de ressocialização nos assentamentos rurais“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2886.
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Previous issue date: 2005-06-28Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study deals with the rural settlements, resultant from the occupation lawsuits, mediated by the Central Única de Trabalhadores - CUT (Workers Unique Centre) and by the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (Movement of the Landless Rural Workers), in the period of 1985 - 2001. This study was developed in three Settlement Projects: João Batista II (PA), Cupiúba (PA) and Sumaré I (SP). The Settlement Project João Batista II originary from the expropriated area of the Fazenda Tanary (Bacuri)(Tanary Farm), located at the right side of the BR-316/Pará-Maranhão Highway, towards the municipal districts of the state of Pará, Castanhal/Santa Maria, on the KM-04 (Bacuri Branch), with hundred and thirty six (136) settled families, resultant from the MST organization. The Cupiúba Settlement Project, originary from the expropriated area of the Fazenda Cachoeira (Cachoeira Farm), located at the right side of the BR-316/Pará-Maranhão Highway, towards the municipal districts of the state of Pará, Castanhal/Santa Maria, with two hundred and thirty seven settled families, resultant from the FETAGRI/CUT organization and parties connected to the organic left. The Sumaré I Settlement Project, originary from the Horto Florestal de Boa Vista glebe (Boa Vista Forest Little Garden), located in the municipal district of Sumaré/São Paulo, with twenty seven (27) settled families, organized by MST/CUT. The study defends the thesis that in the organization of campings, pre-settlements and settlements, it has been produced a process of ressocialization (kinds of sociability) configured in the latent, consolidated and latent/consolidated forms. This process of ressocialization is founded on contents - synthesis of historical conflicts produced by the social movements, political parties, churches, syndicates and their central centers, and state technicians, etc. These kinds of sociability are disclosed when we decipher the different social codes, generated in the different processes of interiorization of the set of values, rules, behaviors, languages, etc. in a table of general reference. In order to decipherate the enigma of the origin of the settled ones, we take as basis the process of differentiation/and/or distribution of the present settled ones in the space of social, historical, political and cultural relations, previous to the process of occupation. The understanding of this process starts from the analysis of the trajectories/and/or transitory situations that the individual or social groups develop in the social and temporal spaces. The formation of the settlements is comprehensible by the process of land occupation, situation that is understood as a situation of interlegality.. the settlements constitution is realized with the legal possession of the land, basis of a new socialization, which involves a multiplicity of social situations such as the institutionalization and the legitimation; the interiorization and production of socialization mechanisms; the recreation of new spaces and symbolic times and/or recreation of a new rural world. This process requires an interiorization of social roles, which means the acceptance of a new institutional order, where the social actors (the settled ones) represent them in the society (social stage) according a social apparatus that originates and maintains the symbolic universe. This symbolic universe locates the collective happenings in a coherent and systematized unity which includes the present, the past (memory common to the socialized individuals in the community) and the future (table of common reference for the projection of individual actions). These plausibility structures, materialized and incorporated, can be observed in the political field through the institutions, political parties, syndicates, etc., and the agents and/or social actors who effect its functioning and/or combat them, that is, can be observed in the field of forces and/or in the field of conflicts, that implicate in the subversion of the order in the rural settlements
Este estudo trata dos assentamentos rurais, resultantes de processos de ocupação, mediados pela Central Única dos Trabalhadores CUT e pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - MST, no período de 1985-2001. Esse estudo foi desenvolvido em três Projetos de Assentamentos - João Batista II (PA), Cupiúba (PA) e Sumaré I (SP). O Projeto de Assentamento João Batista II, originário da área desapropriada da Fazenda Tanary (Bacuri), localizado na margem direita da BR-316/Pará-Maranhão, no sentido dos municípios paraenses de Castanhal / Santa Maria, no KM 04 (Ramal Bacuri), com cento e trinta e seis (136) famílias assentadas, resultante da organização do MST. O Projeto de Assentamento Cupiúba, originário da área desapropriada da Fazenda Cachoeira, localizado na margem direita da BR-316/Pará-Maranhão, no sentido dos municípios paraenses Castanhal / Santa Maria, com duzentos e trinta e sete (237) famílias assentadas, resultantes da organização da FETAGRI/CUT e partidos ligados à esquerda orgânica. O Projeto de Assentamento Sumaré I, originário da gleba Horto Florestal de Boa Vista, localizado no município de Sumaré / São Paulo, com vinte e sete (27) famílias assentadas, organizadas pelo MST/CUT. O estudo defende a tese de que nas organizações dos acampamentos, pré-assentamentos e assentamentos está sendo produzido um processo de ressocialização (formas de sociabilidade) configurado nas formas latente, consolidada e latente / consolidada. Esse processo de ressocialização está fundamentado em conteúdos síntese das lutas históricas produzida pelos movimentos sociais, pelos partidos políticos, pelas igrejas, pelos sindicatos e suas centrais sindicais e pelos técnicos estatais, etc. Essas formas de sociabilidade se descortinam quando deciframos os diferentes códigos sociais, que são gerados nos diferentes processos de interiorização do conjunto de valores, normas, comportamentos, linguagens, etc., num quadro de referência geral. Para decifrar o enigma da origem dos assentados tomamos por base o processo de diferenciação e/ou distribuição dos atuais assentados no espaço de relações sociais, históricas, políticas e culturais, anteriores ao processo de ocupação. O entendimento desse processo parte da análise das trajetórias e/ou situações transitórias, que os indivíduos ou grupos sociais desenvolvem nos espaços sociais e temporais. A formação dos assentamentos é compreendida pelo processo de ocupação da terra, situação de ocupação entendida como situação de interlegalidade. A constituição dos assentamentos se concretiza com a posse legal da terra, base da nova socialização, que envolve uma multiplicidade de situações sociais como a institucionalização e a legitimação; a interiorização e produção de mecanismos de socialização; a recriação de novos espaços e tempos simbólicos e/ou recriação de um novo mundo rural. Esse processo exige a interiorização de papéis sociais, o que significa aceitação da nova ordem institucional, onde os atores sociais (assentados) os representam na sociedade (palco social) segundo um aparelho social que origina e mantém o universo simbólico. Esse universo simbólico localiza os acontecimentos coletivos numa unidade coerente e sistematizada que inclui o presente, o passado (memória comum aos indivíduos socializados na comunidade) e o futuro (quadro de referência comum para a projeção das ações individuais). Essas estruturas de plausibilidade, materializadas e incorporadas podem ser observadas no campo político através das instituições, partidos políticos, sindicatos, etc., e os agentes e/ou atores sociais que efetivam o seu funcionamento e/ou os combatem, isto é, podem ser observadas no campo de forças e/ou campo de lutas, que implicam subversão da ordem nos assentamentos rurais
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Sentone, Francielle Gonçalves. „Paradoxos geométricos em sala de aula“. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2701.
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CAPESApresentamos neste trabalho alguns paradoxos lógico-matemáticos, como o paradoxo de Galileu, e também alguns paradoxos geométricos, como os paradoxos de Curry, de Hooper e de Banach-Tarski. Empregamos os paradoxos de Curry e de Hooper para motivar o estudo de conceitos de Geometria e de Teoria dos Números, tais como área, semelhança de triângulos, o Teorema de Pitágoras, razões trigonométricas no triângulo retângulo, o coeficiente angular da reta e a sequência de Fibonacci, e organizamos atividades lúdicas para a sala de aula no Ensino Fundamental e no Ensino Médio.
We present in this work some logical-mathematical paradoxes, as Galileo's paradox, and also some geometric paradoxes, such as Curry's paradox, Hooper's paradox and the Banach-Tarski paradox. We employ the Curry and Hooper paradoxes to motivate the study of concepts of Geometry and Number Theory, such as area, triangle similarity, Pythagorean Theorem, trigonometric ratios in the right triangle, angular coefficient of the line, and Fibonacci sequence, and we organize recreation activities for the classroom in Elementary and High School.
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Jacobsson, Madeleine. „Dr. Eleine Mad“. Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-587.
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Dr. Eleine Mad är Madeleine Jacobsssons talesperson för dom vetenskapliga och paranormala upptäckter som uppstår i hennes världar. Hon beskriver innehåll, teknik och estetik utifrån ett kategoriseringssytem där konsten delas upp som olika typer av komponenter och därefter avkodas dessa allteftersom. För att förstå intuitionens inblandning i arbetsprocessen omförvandlas den till tre separata roller av en Sökare, Samlare och Myntare. Med rollerna försöker jag beskriva på vilka sätt som intuitionen är till gagn eller av förödelse för det konstnärliga arbetet. Sagan om M handlar om en grodlik karaktär, Delop, som lämnar sin hemplanet för att uppsöka andra världar. I sitt sökande hittar Delop ett folkslag vars syn och levnadssätt skiljer sig från hennes erfarenheter av “verkligheten” såsom hon lärt sig att överleva i den.Dr. Eleine Mad is Madeleine Jacobsson's spokesperson for the scientific and paranormal discoveries that arise in her worlds. She describes content, tecniques and aesthetics based on a categorization system where art is divided into different types of components and then decoded as they go. To understand the intuition's involvement in the work process, it is transformed into three separate roles by a Seeker, Collector and a Myntare(In swedish language the one who is a "myntare" -is verbally declaring a concept or term). With these roles I try to describe in what ways intuition is beneficial or devastating to the artistic work. The story of M is about a frog-like character, Delop, who leaves the home planet to seek out other worlds. In her search, Delop finds a world whose views and lifestyles differ from her experiences of "reality" as she learned to survive in it.
Recorded sound and image material of the presentation is available for private use.
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TSAI, HSIEN CHEN, und 蔡賢臻. „The Red Mountain and Green Sea : The possibility of Graphic Drawing and Symbol“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q4687y.
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碩士實踐大學
媒體傳達設計學系碩士班
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Abstract With the internet and computer in this years, people live in a flooded life that have large information, word and image. What people see a painting or something else is a question that researcher always think about this. This study is based on creator’s work. The study focus on the communications of image and the creation of symbol. On the other hand, it also include the issue about the creation about people, the influence of internet in modern way, the sense of life and the brand of business. The development of the study is based on the procedures as following, 1.Theory Analysis and Creator interviews This study based on researcher experience and the papers on Sigmund Freud ,Art Therapy, Surrealism ,Pop art. According to this, it comes out the relation between theory and creator. With the interviews which named the communication of image, interview with graphic designer, illustrator , cartoonist, photograph. After all, it leads to a new way of create. 2.Creation Experiment and Transformation Form a. Experiment and Communication This study based on the work between 2014 and 2017.After analyzing the form and completion of work in this three year, it comes the thread of thought. Also with the self-branding ” Paixpro “, the communication with other people in public is a important way to get a idea or opinion. b. ” A broader world” Exchange German life Besides the theory and analyzing, the life experience in Germany makes me think more and deeply. Not only myself and family , also the society. Because of this, it leads me to a new and more complete work of comic and book. 3.New Creation and Exhibition Through the new work, creator wants to leave his world and go to a broader world. In the end, the researcher hope the new work and exhibition can encourage the people who is going to try to create. Kew Word: Graphic design / Handmade Creations / Comic Creations / Self Ture
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James, William 1968. „Closed set logic in categories / William James“. 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18746.
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Bibliography: leaves 263-266.v, 266 leaves ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
This thesis investigates two related aspects of a dualisation program for the intuitionist logic in categories. The dualisation program has as its end the presentation of closed set logic in place of the usual open set logic found in association with toposes. The study is concerned especially with Brouwerian algebras in categories as the duals of the usual Heyting algebras. Defines the notion of a sheaf over the closed sets of a topological space. Investigates the sheaves for their algebric properties in relation to base space topologies.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Philosophy, 1996
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Chen, Yeong-Cheng, und 陳勇成. „Nearest Neighbor Algorithm for Symbolic Data Set Classification and Its Application in Bioinformatics“. Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5be45q.
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碩士國立交通大學
電機與控制工程系所
92
In the past, nearest neighbor algorithms for learning from examples have worked very well in domains in which all features had numeric values. In such domains, the examples can be treated as points and distance metricscan be exploited using standard definitions, such as Euclidean distance. In symbolic domains, a more sophisticated treatment of the feature space is required. The nearest neighbor algorithm used for the symbolic feature space calculates distance tables that allow it to produce real-valued distances between instances, and attaches weight to the instances to further modify the structure of feature space. In this thesis, we present an empirical analysis of symbolic prototype learners for discrete domains. Our symbolic prototype learner is derived from modifying the minimum distance classifier to solve problems with symbolic attributes and attribute weighting, and learns a prototype to each class. And then the classification is implemented in symbolic nearest mean classifier. In addition to a prototype to each class, we can consider the contributions of the component prototypes for all samples in each class. Then we can design a fuzzy prototype approach and implement the symbolic nearest mean by fuzzy prototype setting. We validate our proposed algorithms and on three data sets, majority of them are bioinformatics problems; that have been studied by machine learning researchers, such as Lenses recognition, identifying DNA promoter sequences, and Splice-junction determination. From experimentalcomparisons with the other learning algorithms, our simulation result has shown that our proposed algorithms are superior or comparable in the classification accuracy. In addition, our algorithms have advantages in training speed, simplicity, and perspicuity. Experimental evidence has demonstrated the promising sign to continue development of nearest neighbor algorithms for symbolic data domains.
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Yu, Chen Chun, und 陳春玉. „Shan Hai Chin (mountain sea scripture),A Research on The Implication And Symbol of Snakes“. Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54709724100424085590.
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碩士臺北市立師範學院
應用語言文學研究所
92
The content of the thesis is mainly to explore the implications of snakes mentioned in the ancient Chinese book, Shan Hai Chin, and to find out the various symbols given to snakes in ecology, linguistics, religion, witchcraft and folklore originated from the prehistoric culture in primitive Chinese societies. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter, An Introduction, is aimed to reveal the researcher’s motivation, purpose, range of research scope and methodology, and to define the terms of “implication” and “symbol”. The second chapter categorizes the snakes recorded in Shan Hai Chin into seven groups and analyzes them in a superficial way. The third chapter covers one of the main topics, exploring the “implication”. Due to the range and length of the research, the exploring of implication of Shan Hai Chin snakes is split into chapters three and four. Chapter three centers on the ecology of snakes, the form, sound and meaning of the word “snake”, and the rise and fall of snake tribes once thriving in ancient tribal societies. Chapter four explores the implications of snakes found in ancient religious concepts, world of witchcrafts, and folkloric beliefs, in an attempt to shed light on the magical implications of snakes from the previous civilizations by applying the most novel, far-fetched point of views. Chapter five discusses the second main topic of the research, the symbolic image of snakes. This chapter targets on the four symbolic meanings of luck and woe, forms of gods, totems of forefathers and incarnation. Chapter six, The Conclusion, intends to draw a conclusion and classification from the six implications and four symbols of the snakes discussed in the thesis. For one thing, the researcher hopes that through the exploring she not only enriches her own knowledge about snakes, but also provides other interested researchers with a deeper insight on the world of snakes. For another, she expects snakes to make a glorious return to the stage of culture, to shine once more, so they can go further to break free from under the dark shadow of “dragon”, and resume their original, truest, simplest image back then when human culture first appeared.
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LEXOVÁ, Petra. „Sen a snový obraz v dílech surrealistických umělců“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-153053.
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The topic of this dissertation is the phemomenon of the dream, dreamy picture and their projection into the creation of surrealist artworks. The disertation tries to connect the basic knowledge of psychoanalysis and the history of art. The thesis attepmts to solve the questions of how the dream imagination is different from the imaginative art of the previous centuries and how the dream topics are involved in the artworks. One of the most important resources for the art work of surrealism was in the psychoanalysis and the knowledge of the work of Sigmund Freud. That is the reason why the first part of this thesis is dedicated to Freud?s The Interpretation of Dreams and the dream symbolism ? its origin, knowledge resources and reflection in the fine arts. The closing chapter uses the previously undiscovered knowledge to present the work of Jindřich Štýrský and tries to indicate how the dream imagination was projected to the artwork of this signifiant surrealist painter.
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Chueh, Shih-Ying, und 闕詩穎. „Exploring the Symbol of Water And Its Meaning in “Ponyo On the Cliff By the Sea”“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60899274036157741727.
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碩士國立臺東大學
兒童文學研究所
103
While enjoying watching the Japanese animation “Ponyo On the Cliff By the Sea”, we would feel rather familiar with the perception model of “water.” All the kinds of interpretation of water in this film have been linked to our reality life. In this part, vision has fully displayed imagination and reconstruction of dreams, which connects an amazing relevance between visual perception and recognition. In addition to praising the interpretation method that the director has applied, we can’t help wondering what the relationships are among visual perception, the perceived world, and our confirmed feelings. If animation is a way of presentation of visual culture, what kind of role has visual art been playing? Under the influence of technology, the way to present forms of animation has been changed along with time. What kinds of methods did the director apply to transform the element of water to a likely broad meaning? Has it added a new meaning that the director chose methods in old days to produce his animations in a way not only time-consuming but also money-costing? In the thesis, 11 animation films by the famous Japanese director-Miyazaki Hayao, and a few others related to him are contained. The applications of the ”water” element in those animations are explored. In addition, “Ponyou on the Cliff by the Sea” launched in 2008 is used to exemplify. To conduct the discussions on how Miyazaki Hayao presented the concept of water in his animations by means of deduction method and how “water” is interpreted to demonstrate particular visual effects by using technology in his animations.
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Huang, Pei-Chang, und 黃培倉. „Nearest Neighbor Algorithm for Symbolic Data Set Classification and Its Application in Protein Secondary Structure Prediction“. Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cpsn4f.
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Chang, Chiao-yu, und 張鐈予. „Notable Symbols in Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea in Relation to the Victorian Setting“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50129351890511270960.
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碩士高雄師範大學
英語教育研究所
98
Abstract This thesis focuses on the use of the Victorian elements as symbols in Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea and discusses contemporary women’s suffering of colonialism, imperialism and men’s patriarchy. After reading Charlotte Brontë's masterpiece Jane Eyre, Rhys thinks there must be an unknown secret which entangles the main protagonists. Being also a Creole, Rhys thus decides to give a voice to the Creole lunatic in the story. In Wide Sargasso Sea, Rhys applies extensive symbolic skills to the story and displays the complicated inner emotions of the protagonists. She also puts the Victorian values in use to portray the features of the contemporary society and its profound influence on the protagonists. The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter One emphasizes the importance of realizing the symbolic skills when appreciating literary works. In this chapter, an overview of the theories of symbolism is presented. Through the concepts of various literary theorists, critical analysts and writers, we can readily understand the crucial role of symbolism. Moreover, the characteristics of the Victorian period and the classification of the settings in the novel are also mentioned in this chapter. The second chapter aims to examine the symbols of the natural settings, including animals, plants and landscape settings. Rhys exquisitely describes the natural settings and provides the readers with special symbolic meanings to reflect the colonial intrusion on the female protagonists and to express their doomed and unescapable destinies. In the third chapter, manufactured settings which comprise the convent, England and the names of the locations in the West Indies as symbols are explored. Rhys uses manufactured settings to expound the phenomenon of Victorian men’s oppression of women. The males were influenced greatly by the climate of society and by repressing the opposite sex, the men could extend their national belief—colonialism. Chapter Four discusses the symbolic meanings of time as settings. We take the Victorian Period as the background to make a study of people’s values and the effects of the Emancipation Act. Also, the female protagonist Antoinette walks between day and night, dream and reality and every incident she experiences makes her and other protagonists trapped in a loveless and miserable life. Therefore, Rhys has used several settings as symbols to foreshadow the ending of the story. The conclusion is made in the fifth chapter. Through the analysis of the symbolic meanings of the natural settings, manufactured settings and time as settings, we can not only understand the messages that Jean Rhys attempts to express but capture the essence of Wide Sargasso Sea more.
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Schöffel, Joachim [Verfasser]. „Symbol und Bühne der Stadt : die historische Mitte im Wandel städtebaulicher Leitbilder ; eine Untersuchung bundesdeutscher Städte seit ihrer Kriegszerstörung / vorgelegt von Joachim Schöffel“. 2003. http://d-nb.info/96854889X/34.
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Steyn, Paul Stephanes. „Validating reasoning heuristics using next generation theorem provers“. Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2793.
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The specification of enterprise information systems using formal specification languages
enables the formal verification of these systems. Reasoning about the properties of a formal
specification is a tedious task that can be facilitated much through the use of an automated
reasoner. However, set theory is a corner stone of many formal specification languages and
poses demanding challenges to automated reasoners. To this end a number of heuristics has
been developed to aid the Otter theorem prover in finding short proofs for set-theoretic
problems. This dissertation investigates the applicability of these heuristics to next generation
theorem provers.Computing
M.Sc. (Computer Science)
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Ras, Charl John. „Automatically presentable structures“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6838.
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M.Sc.In this thesis we study some of the propertie of a clas called automatic structures. Automatic structures are structures that can be encoded (in some defined way) into a set of regular languages. This encoding allows one to prove many interesting properties about automatic structures, including decidabilty results.
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Pires, Ana Rita Rodrigues Vide e. Ferreira. „Validação dos símbolos do Sistema de Comunicação Aumentativa e Alternativa Symbolinc em crianças dos 03:00 aos 05:11 anos sem patologia do Distrito de Lisboa“. Bachelor's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10884/952.
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A comunicação é fundamental para a interação humana. Para algumas crianças, com restrição da atividade comunicativa, o recurso a sistemas de comunicação aumentativa e alternativa (SCAA) pode promover a sua participação. Mas para que a participação seja efetiva os símbolos de um SCAA devem ser transparentes. Objetivos: Verificar a transparência e a universalidade dos símbolos do sistema de comunicação aumentativa e alternativa Symbolinc em crianças dos 03:00 aos 05:11 anos sem patologia
no distrito de Lisboa. Métodos: Este estudo é do tipo exploratório-descritivo e transversal sendo a amostra não probabilística por conveniência por bola de neve. Aplicou-se o Questionário de Caracterização Sociodemográfica (Pires, Vital & Ramos, 2015), a avaliação Comunicação-Linguagem (Vital & Ramos, 2015) e o questionário sobre os símbolos do Symbolinc (Vital & Ramos, 2015) a 30 crianças com uma média de idades de 4A e 11M (M=59, DP=8,7) sem patologia do distrito de Lisboa. Resultados: Na avaliação da Comunicação-Linguagem, as respostas das provas variam entre 0% e 100% para a nomeação (nomes e verbos), 53,3% e 100% para identificação (nomes e verbos); 0% e 66,7% para produção de
frases, 16,7% e 86,7% para leitura de frases e superiores a 50% para identificação de frases. As crianças consideram que os símbolos podem ser utilizados por todas as pessoas (90%), são fáceis de utilizar (80%) e que é fácil compreender o que querem transmitir (80%). Discussão/Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para que os símbolos correspondentes às categorias dos substantivos e dos verbos são mais transparentes do que os das categorias dos pronomes, adjetivos e advérbios, o que pode ser explicado quer pela
representação simbólica dos conceitos quer pelo desenvolvimento linguístico e/ou vivências da criança da amostra. De acordo com a amostra, os símbolos Symbolinc são universais por preencherem os requisitos necessários para serem considerados como tal.
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Almeida, Ana Margarida Mendes de. „Quem vou ser se não souber quem sou? A plenitude cósmica de cada presença e A autodescoberta através do cinema“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/74803.
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Faz parte deste trabalho um video que só poderá ser consultado presencialmente na Biblioteca Mário Sottomayor CardiaO presente trabalho de projeto ocupa-se de compreender como as vontades individuais influenciam sistemas abstratos de perceção; a memória enquanto elemento implicado nas idiossincrasias do ser, e utilizada pelo cinema para a construção de processos de identificação. A importância do outro para a definição de si. As máscaras e a verdade, o esforço e a autenticidade; a consciência de uma segurança própria, e a sua ontologia inevitavelmente proveniente de uma conceção social, baseada numa confiança entre desconhecidos. Discute-se a forma como o nosso génio interior nos pode fazer desconfiar, mas a escuta dos instintos e das epifanias é essencial para alcançar algo que proporcione autorrealização; a este propósito, cria-se uma dialética com o existencialismo enquanto projeto em constante execução, e questiona-se a identidade como a génese estrutural desta investigação. O protótipo deste trabalho de projeto é a adaptação da obra inédita “Depois do Antes” ao formato de curta-metragem, integrada na plataforma online Guardians of Solitude, que se propõe a adaptar a formatos audiovisuais ideias e textos que refletem sobre a existência – ou o seu absurdo
This project work has endeavored the study of how the individual will influences abstract systems of perception; the memory as an element implied in the idiosyncrasies of being and used in cinema for the construction of identification processes. The importance of the other in the definition of the self. Masks and truth, effort and authenticity; the consciousness of its own security, and its ontology inevitably derived from a social conception based on trust between strangers. It discusses how our inner genius can make us distrust ourselves but listening to our instincts and epiphanies is essential to achieve something that provides self-realization; in this regard, a dialectic is created with the existentialism as a project in constant execution, and identity is questioned as the structural genesis of this investigation. The prototype of this project work is the adaptation of the short film "After the Before", integrated in the online platform Guardians of Solitude, that proposes to adapt ideas and texts to audiovisual works that reflect about the existence – or it absurdity.
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Válová, Karolina. „Proměny domu (analýza domu v portugalském románu 20. století)“. Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-383355.
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The dissertation under the title Transformations of the Concept of House (An Analysis of the House in the 20th Century Portuguese Novel) endeavours to map the concept, portrayal and primarily the transformations of the space of a house, which is at the same time interpreted as an archetypical space universal in the 20th century Portuguese novel. Following the introduction and a summary of various literary theory approaches to the analysis of a house, Chapter 2 focuses in particular on a topological analysis and an analysis of the symbolic space. The topos of the house is fundamental for thematology and literary topology. A house, representing either a dwelling place, a temporary refuge or a home, is an essential space in the majority of literary stories; it is a certain static counterpart to a literary character, it forms their background or represents an aim to which they are heading. Its organization may reflect a character's nature or emphasize a significant contradiction between the space and the human being inhabiting it. As the role, function, form and significance of a literary character and of other constitutive elements of a narrative text were transformed in the course of the 20th century, the concept of the space of a house also underwent significant changes. Chapter 3 of the...
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Chamblee, Stephen Joseph. „The Dynamics of Twisted Tent Maps“. 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3352.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This paper is a study of the dynamics of a new family of maps from the complex plane to itself, which we call twisted tent maps. A twisted tent map is a complex generalization of a real tent map. The action of this map can be visualized as the complex scaling of the plane followed by folding the plane once. Most of the time, scaling by a complex number will \twist" the plane, hence the name. The "folding" both breaks analyticity (and even smoothness) and leads to interesting dynamics ranging from easily understood and highly geometric behavior to chaotic behavior and fractals.
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Araújo, Rui Filipe Marques. „O cristão e o esotero-ocultismo : reflexão pastoral sobre a magia, bruxaria e práticas supersticiosas“. Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/21506.
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Este trabalho teve por objetivo explorar a relação e o conflito existentes entre os
cristãos e o esotero-ocultismo, refletido na prática da bruxaria. Procedendo, à problematização
de tal temática, optamos por traçar um caminho que partiu de uma aproximação aos conceitos,
seguido de uma confrontação dos mesmos com a teologia, traduzida na Sagrada Escritura e
nos Padres da Igreja, da observação geral da sociedade ao longo da história da Igreja cristã e,
por último, do estudo da prática da bruxaria, nos cristãos da diocese de Braga. A partir de
todo este percurso foi-nos permitido perceber não só as causas que levam os cristãos a
negarem, consciente ou inconscientemente, o Senhorio de Deus, buscando respostas nas
práticas esotéricas, como as atitudes que a Igreja deve agarrar na sua pastoral para ver este
fenómeno a diminuir. No entanto, este trabalho não pretendeu esgotar esta temática, mas abrir
portas para futuras reflexões e para uma possível mudança de paradigma na vida dos agentes
pastorais da Igreja.The present investigation has as its primary goal to explore the relation and conflict between Christians and the ocult, mainly reflected in witchcraft. By putting such subject under the microscope, we have been able to approach some structural concepts, which we have paralleled with their theological counterparts, from the Scriptures, from the Fathers of Church, from the general social observation throughout the history of the Christian Church and, finally, from the impact of witchcraft in the Christians of the diocese of Braga, as a study case. This path has enabled not only the comprehension of the causes that impel Christians to, consciously or inconsciously, deny the Lordship of God, looking for answers in the occultism, but also an understanding of the attitudes Church must undertake in terms of her pastoral to further a decrease of the phenomenon. Nevertheless, this investigation has not intended to exhaust this subject, but to raise awareness for further research and, eventually, a paradigm shift in the life of the pastoral agents of Church.
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Ackermann, Jacobus Gideon. „Evaluating reasoning heuristics for a hybrid theorem proving platform“. Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25869.
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Text in English with abstracts in English, Afrikaans and isiZuluThe formalisation of first-order logic and axiomatic set theory in the first half of the 20th century—along with the advent of the digital computer—paved the way for the development of automated theorem proving. In the 1950s, the automation of proof developed from proving elementary geometric problems and finding direct proofs for problems in Principia Mathematica by means of simple, human-oriented rules of inference. A major advance in the field of automated theorem proving occurred in 1965, with the formulation of the resolution inference mechanism. Today, powerful Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) provers combine SAT solvers with sophisticated knowledge from various problem domains to prove increasingly complex theorems. The combinatorial explosion of the search space is viewed as one of the major challenges to progress in the field of automated theorem proving. Pioneers from the 1950s and 1960s have already identified the need for heuristics to guide the proof search effort. Despite theoretical advances in automated reasoning and technological advances in computing, the size of the search space remains problematic when increasingly complex proofs are attempted. Today, heuristics are still useful and necessary to discharge complex proof obligations. In 2000, a number of heuristics was developed to aid the resolution-based prover OTTER in finding proofs for set-theoretic problems. The applicability of these heuristics to next-generation theorem provers were evaluated in 2009. The provers Vampire and Gandalf required respectively 90% and 80% of the applicable OTTER heuristics. This dissertation investigates the applicability of the OTTER heuristics to theorem proving in the hybrid theorem proving environment Rodin—a system modelling tool suite for the Event-B formal method. We show that only 2 of the 10 applicable OTTER heuristics were useful when discharging proof obligations in Rodin. Even though we argue that the OTTER heuristics were largely ineffective when applied to Rodin proofs, heuristics were still needed when proof obligations could not be discharged automatically. Therefore, we propose a number of our own heuristics targeted at theorem proving in the Rodin tool suite.
Die formalisering van eerste-orde-logika en aksiomatiese versamelingsteorie in die eerste helfte van die 20ste eeu, tesame met die koms van die digitale rekenaar, het die weg vir die ontwikkeling van geoutomatiseerde bewysvoering gebaan. Die outomatisering van bewysvoering het in die 1950’s ontwikkel vanuit die bewys van elementêre meetkundige probleme en die opspoor van direkte bewyse vir probleme in Principia Mathematica deur middel van eenvoudige, mensgerigte inferensiereëls. Vooruitgang is in 1965 op die gebied van geoutomatiseerde bewysvoering gemaak toe die resolusie-inferensie-meganisme geformuleer is. Deesdae kombineer kragtige Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) bewysvoerders SAT-oplossers met gesofistikeerde kennis vanuit verskeie probleemdomeine om steeds meer komplekse stellings te bewys. Die kombinatoriese ontploffing van die soekruimte kan beskou word as een van die grootste uitdagings vir verdere vooruitgang in die veld van geoutomatiseerde bewysvoering. Baanbrekers uit die 1950’s en 1960’s het reeds bepaal dat daar ’n behoefte is aan heuristieke om die soektog na bewyse te rig. Ten spyte van die teoretiese vooruitgang in outomatiese bewysvoering en die tegnologiese vooruitgang in die rekenaarbedryf, is die grootte van die soekruimte steeds problematies wanneer toenemend komplekse bewyse aangepak word. Teenswoordig is heuristieke steeds nuttig en noodsaaklik om komplekse bewysverpligtinge uit te voer. In 2000 is ’n aantal heuristieke ontwikkel om die resolusie-gebaseerde bewysvoerder OTTER te help om bewyse vir versamelingsteoretiese probleme te vind. Die toepaslikheid van hierdie heuristieke vir die volgende generasie bewysvoerders is in 2009 geëvalueer. Die bewysvoerders Vampire en Gandalf het onderskeidelik 90% en 80% van die toepaslike OTTER-heuristieke nodig gehad. Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die toepaslikheid van die OTTER-heuristieke op bewysvoering in die hibriede bewysvoeringsomgewing Rodin—’n stelselmodelleringsuite vir die formele Event-B-metode. Ons toon dat slegs 2 van die 10 toepaslike OTTER-heuristieke van nut was vir die uitvoering van bewysverpligtinge in Rodin. Ons voer aan dat die OTTER-heuristieke grotendeels ondoeltreffend was toe dit op Rodin-bewyse toegepas is. Desnieteenstaande is heuristieke steeds nodig as bewysverpligtinge nie outomaties uitgevoer kon word nie. Daarom stel ons ’n aantal van ons eie heuristieke voor wat in die Rodin-suite aangewend kan word.
Ukwenziwa semthethweni kwe-first-order logic kanye ne-axiomatic set theory ngesigamu sokuqala sekhulunyaka lama-20—kanye nokufika kwekhompyutha esebenza ngobuxhakaxhaka bedijithali—kwavula indlela ebheke ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubo-kusebenza yokufakazela amathiyoremu ngekhomyutha. Ngeminyaka yawo-1950, ukuqinisekiswa kobufakazi kwasuselwa ekufakazelweni kwezinkinga zejiyomethri eziyisisekelo kanye nasekutholakaleni kobufakazi-ngqo bezinkinga eziphathelene ne-Principia Mathematica ngokuthi kusetshenziswe imithetho yokuqagula-sakucabangela elula, egxile kubantu. Impumelelo enkulu emkhakheni wokufakazela amathiyoremu ngekhompyutha yenzeka ngowe-1965, ngokwenziwa semthethweni kwe-resolution inference mechanism. Namuhla, abafakazeli abanohlonze bamathiyori abizwa nge-Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) bahlanganisa ama-SAT solvers nolwazi lobungcweti oluvela kwizizinda zezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ukuze bakwazi ukufakazela amathiyoremu okungelula neze ukuwafakazela. Ukukhula ngesivinini kobunzima nobunkimbinkimbi benkinga esizindeni esithile kubonwa njengenye yezinselelo ezinkulu okudingeka ukuthi zixazululwe ukuze kube nenqubekela phambili ekufakazelweni kwamathiyoremu ngekhompyutha. Amavulandlela eminyaka yawo-1950 nawo-1960 asesihlonzile kakade isidingo sokuthi amahuristikhi (heuristics) kube yiwona ahola umzamo wokuthola ubufakazi. Nakuba ikhona impumelelo esiyenziwe kumathiyori ezokucabangela okujulile kusetshenziswa amakhompyutha kanye nempumelelo yobuchwepheshe bamakhompyutha, usayizi wesizinda usalokhu uyinkinga uma kwenziwa imizamo yokuthola ubufakazi obuyinkimbinkimbi futhi obunobunzima obukhudlwana. Namuhla imbala, amahuristikhi asewuziso futhi ayadingeka ekufezekiseni izibopho zobufakazi obuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngowezi-2000, kwathuthukiswa amahuristikhi amaningana impela ukuze kulekelelwe uhlelo-kusebenza olungumfakazeli osekelwe phezu kwesixazululo, olubizwa nge-OTTER, ekutholeni ubufakazi bama-set-theoretic problems. Ukusebenziseka kwalawa mahuristikhi kwizinhlelo-kusebenza ezingabafakazeli bamathiyoremu besimanjemanje kwahlolwa ngowezi-2009. Uhlelo-kusebenza olungumfakazeli, olubizwa nge-Vampire kanye nalolo olubizwa nge-Gandalf zadinga ama-90% kanye nama-80%, ngokulandelana kwazo, maqondana nama-OTTER heuristics afanelekile. Lolu cwaningo luphenya futhi lucubungule ukusebenziseka kwama-OTTER heuristics ekufakazelweni kwamathiyoremu esimweni esiyinhlanganisela sokufakazela amathiyoremu esibizwa nge-Rodin—okuyi-system modelling tool suite eqondene ne-Event-B formal method. Kulolu cwaningo siyabonisa ukuthi mabili kuphela kwayi-10 ama-OTTER heuristics aba wusizo ngenkathi kufezekiswa isibopho sobufakazi ku-Rodin. Nakuba sibeka umbono wokuthi esikhathini esiningi ama-OTTER heuristics awazange abe wusizo uma esetshenziswa kuma-Rodin proofs, amahuristikhi asadingeka ezimweni lapho izibopho zobufakazi zingazenzekelanga ngokwazo ngokulawulwa yizinhlelo-kusebenza zekhompyutha. Ngakho-ke, siphakamisa amahuristikhi ethu amaningana angasetshenziswa ekufakazeleni amathiyoremu ku-Rodin tool suite.
School of Computing
M. Sc. (Computer Science)