Thematische Bibliographien / Swing bridges

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Swing bridges“

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Veröffentlicht am 26. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Swing bridges"

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Collazos-Arias, Felipe, und David García-Sánchez. „Adaptation And Resilience From A Maintenance Perspective For Swing Bridge. Lessons Learned In Recent Retrofitting Project Experiences“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1202, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1202/1/012027.

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Abstract This paper collects all the existing swing bridges around the world to emphasize the high-level technology performed in the earliest 20th century and analyzes the recent experience in the rehabilitation and retrofitting of a singular swing steel bridge. The bridge over the Asón estuary at Treto, in the North of Spain, showed significant problems and the structural condition level was critical previously to its intervention in 2015. The rehabilitation project including the restoration of the structural and functional safety level of the structure was deled after material studies and tests were performed. The new updated of the structure from the old nineteenth centuries to the new standard codes was also performed. A part from the historical value of the bridges and the "green" and safe-security aspects, the intervention took into account all the social requirements of the population in the area who recovered the pride in this emblematic and centenarian infrastructure and it is, itself, a successful intervention from the resilient point of view.
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Griggs, Francis E. „American Swing Bridges 1797 to 1907“. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 16, Nr. 4 (November 2011): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000072.

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HARITOS, NICHOLAS. „ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF MODIFICATIONS ON IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS USING VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS“. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 09, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2009): 729–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455409003260.

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This paper outlines application of dynamic testing to three separate structures where evaluations of their in-service condition and performance were required. In two of these cases, both bridges, model updating procedures enabled identification of key structural properties for performing an integrity assessment. In the case of the first bridge, dynamic testing was able to demonstrate that the first attempt at introducing bandbeams to strengthen the bridge over its piers was virtually ineffective in stiffening the bridge. However, after these bandbeams were replaced, similar dynamic testing verified that the new work was now in fact so effective in stiffening this same bridge. Dynamic testing of the second bridge, a historical wrought iron swing bridge, was able to verify the integrity of the central pile group about which this bridge swings to allow riverboats to pass through. For the third case, involving a specialist laboratory floor system, a variety of excitation options were exercised to establish the acceptability of the floor to stringent criteria on vibration response levels.
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Ledsham, Gareth R., Lawrence Tall und Chris Armstrong. „Diglis swing bridges, UK – a case study of movable timber bridges“. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering 164, Nr. 3 (September 2011): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/bren.2011.164.3.167.

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5

Liu, Tao, Jianfeng Fan und Ziqiang Peng. „Central Load-Bearing Control in the Construction Process of the Concrete Spherical Joint Nandu River Swing Bridge: A Case Study“. Buildings 12, Nr. 5 (20.04.2022): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050511.

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The rotating mechanism is a significant procedure in swing bridges. In this paper, the Nandu River swing bridge is taken as an engineering case study to exhibit the critical technology of the monitoring process and the construction method of the swing bridge. The research focuses on the central load-bearing control system used to guarantee the security of the construction process. The mechanical problems during the construction process are discussed. Simultaneously, the cable tension and gravity center test are introduced. The non-Hertz contact theory is utilized to calculate the stress distribution of the spherical joint. Furthermore, the overturning moment is computed to monitor the stability of the rotating system based on the stress distribution calculation of the spherical joint. The monitoring process of central load-bearing control is entirely exhibited and discussed. Concurrently, the calculating result of the real-time overturning moment reflects the stability of the rotating construction process, and adjustments are made to ensure the safety of construction. The results show that, during the cable tension process, the middle position of the main arch exhibited 162.3 mm maximum vertical displacement. Meanwhile, the fraction moment was greatly larger than the unbalanced moment. Furthermore, the maximum overturning moment value was 2094.38 kN·m, which was smaller than the resistance of the overturning moment. The present research demonstrates that the non-Hertz contact theory fits the calculation of spherical joint stress distribution. Simultaneously, the middle position of the main arch should be monitored to control the vertical displacement at the cable tensioning stages. The gravity center test and stability control of the rotating construction are the key steps to reaching central load-bearing control.
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Abo-Elnor, Mootaz E. „Analysis of Different Bascule Bridge Architectures“. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL MECHANICS 17 (19.07.2022): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232011.2022.17.12.

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Bascule bridges are widely used nowadays to overcome the obstruction of ships passage as crossing waterways and in some roadways to overcome transport vehicle height limitation. A Bascule bridge is a movable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span, or "leaf", throughout its upward swing to provide clearance for boat or ship traffic. It may be single or double leafed. Balance Beam Bascule Bridge is one of the famous bascule bridge architecture in which bridge span counter balance weight is attached to a balance beam in the movable bridge operating mechanism. Although hydraulic cylinders is a particularly common solution to power majority of modern bascule bridges, it is very important to understand the kinematics and motion of the bridge leave for optimum operation of the bridge with prober counter balance selection. In this study a review of two operating hydraulic actuators arrangements; push arrangement and pull arrangement is carried out based on both design aspects and safety consideration. 3D model of the study mechanisms are constructed and a kinematics of bridge leaf (span) opening mechanisms are developed for early stage design configuration of bridge mechanism. kinematic analyses of bridge mechanism operation in both push and pull arrangements based on rigid body consideration is performed and Numerical analysis using finite element method is carried out in which stress distribution over tie rods is obtained. Some failure scenarios are introduced. Results show that tension forces acting on tie rods in pull arrangement is lower than that in push arrangement, work done by hydraulic cylinders (Actuators) in both arrangement is nearly identical and pull arrangement is much better than push arrangement from safety point of view.
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Kostianaia, Evgeniia A., und Andrey G. Kostianoy. „Railway Transport Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change at High Latitudes: A Review of Experience from Canada, Sweden and China“. Transport and Telecommunication Journal 24, Nr. 2 (01.04.2023): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0016.

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Abstract Impact of climate change on railway transport manifests in a variety of consequences, such as rail buckling, rail flooding, expansion of swing bridges, overheating of electrical equipment and its damage, bridge scour, failure of earthworks, ground settlement, pavement deterioration, damage to sea walls, coastal erosion of tracks and earthworks, and an increased number of railway accidents in general. Such impacts can cause considerable disruption of railway operations and lead to substantial financial expenses for repair of the railway infrastructure. Therefore, it is crucial to include adaptation strategies already in the design phase of the railway construction to ensure stability and integrity of the railway operations. This paper provides a literature review of adaptation considerations in Canada, China and Sweden and discusses climate change challenges that these countries face in their railway systems. In conclusion, the authors provide recommendations for adaptation approaches based on the reviewed international experience which can be useful for policymakers and managers of railway companies.
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Hu, Song, Ying Hua Ye, Sheng Gang Chen und Guan Zhong Song. „Experimental and Numerical Study of RC Thin-Walled Channel Beam under Torsion“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1196.

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The reinforced concrete thin-walled channel beams are widely designed as bridges in urban railway and city roads. The swing force in the driving which cause constrained torsion becomes a safety factor. The torsion resistance of concrete members is not adequate to thin-walled channel beams, which is based on the theory of spatial truss with variable angle. An experiment was conducted to test the mechanical properties of the thin-walled channel beam under torsion. The mechanical properties of RC thin-walled channel beam under restrained torsion were also researched with Finite Element software, and were compared to the result of the experiment. The result of FE model agreed well with the experiment.
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Jontes, James D., und Ronald A. Milligan. „Brush Border Myosin–I Structure and ADP-dependent Conformational Changes Revealed by Cryoelectron Microscopy and Image Analysis“. Journal of Cell Biology 139, Nr. 3 (03.11.1997): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.139.3.683.

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Brush border myosin–I (BBM-I) is a single-headed myosin found in the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells, where it forms lateral bridges connecting the core bundle of actin filaments to the plasma membrane. Extending previous observations (Jontes, J.D., E.M. Wilson-Kubalek, and R.A. Milligan. 1995. Nature [Lond.]. 378:751–753), we have used cryoelectron microscopy and helical image analysis to generate three-dimensional (3D) maps of actin filaments decorated with BBM-I in both the presence and absence of 1 mM MgADP. In the improved 3D maps, we are able to see the entire light chain–binding domain, containing density for all three calmodulin light chains. This has enabled us to model a high resolution structure of BBM-I using the crystal structures of the chicken skeletal muscle myosin catalytic domain and essential light chain. Thus, we are able to directly measure the full magnitude of the ADP-dependent tail swing. The ∼31° swing corresponds to ∼63 Å at the end of the rigid light chain–binding domain. Comparison of the behavior of BBM-I with skeletal and smooth muscle subfragments-1 suggests that there are substantial differences in the structure and energetics of the biochemical transitions in the actomyosin ATPase cycle.
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Huang, Can, Yongwei Wang, Shuyuan Xu, Wenchi Shou, Chengming Peng und Danfeng Lv. „Vision-Based Methods for Relative Sag Measurement of Suspension Bridge Cables“. Buildings 12, Nr. 5 (17.05.2022): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050667.

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Main cables, comprising a number of wire strands, constitute a vital element in long-span suspension bridges. The determination of their alignment during construction is of great importance, and relative sag is commonly measured for the efficient sag adjustment of general strands. The conventional approach uses the caterpillar method, which is inconvenient, difficult-to-implement, and potentially dangerous. In order to realize the high-precision measurement of cable alignment in a strong wind environment, a vision-based method for relative sag measurement of the general cable strands is proposed in this paper. In the proposed measurement system, images of pre-installed optical targets are collected and analyzed to realize the remote, automatic, and real-time measurement of the relative sag. The influences of wind-induced cable shaking and camera shaking on the accuracy of the height difference measurement are also theoretically analyzed. The results show that cable strand torsion and camera roll have a great impact on the measurement accuracy, while the impacts of the cable strand swing and vibration, camera swing and vibration, and camera pitch and yaw are insignificant. The vision-based measurement system tested in the field experiment also shows a measurement error within 3 mm, which meets the requirements for cable adjustment construction. At the same time, the vision-based measurement method proposed and validated in this paper can improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency of strand alignment in a strong wind environment. Potential risks involved in the manual measurement, e.g., working at heights and in strong wind environments, can be eliminated, facilitating the automation of the cable erection process.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Swing bridges"

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Sand, Monica. „Space in motion : the art of activating space in-between“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4876.

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As a contribution to the emerging field of practice-based research in the arts, this thesis aims to activate space, experience and the concept in-between. As the in-between cannot be defined ahead of the rhythmic process it carries out and of which it is a part – a rhythm inherent in the city itself and in knowledge production – it is necessary to produce rhythmic relations between bodies, sites and concepts. An art experiment, a forty-two meter high swing mounted on the bridge, Älvborgsbron, in Gothenburg harbour, Sweden, serves as the point of entry to the thesis. A dancer in the swing moved slowly between the bridge and the ground, captured in a rhythmic experience of being earthbound and then weightless. The swing project, together with other rhythmic processes such as walking, weaving and acting physics, activate spatial, temporal and theoretical dimensions of the in-between. Merging my roles as an artist, teacher and researcher by pragmatic production, perception and concepts it becomes possible to transform the rhythms between the examples:   1. A swing mounted on a bridge; one of my art projects. 2. Walking and mapping strategies; as developed in my courses taught at the School of Architecture. 3. The myth about Penelope weaving. 4. Rhythmic relations between bodies and machines at CERN, the particle physics laboratory outside Geneva, a place that is important for several of my art projects.   Creative production aims to expand the capacity of the body.  By employing a bridging structure, spaces in-between are activated thus revealing the power and danger in-between. In that production collective processes merge, creating “social and collective machines” and another reality between:   1. bridge/swing/dancer, 2. map/walking/site, 3. war/loom/weaving, 4. theory/detector/bodies.   These rhythmic processes oscillate between representation and the complex forces of daily activities. However, it is not the rhythm itself that activates spaces in-between but, rather, the changing of directions of the rhythm: from moving to be in motion; from walking forward to walking and falling; from weaving cloth to producing time; from doing physics to acting physics. Activating in-between spaces means activating differences and another way of producing knowledge, a well-known strategy in contemporary art: a production of potential realities, in a constant interaction between concepts and spatial transformations.
QC 20100909
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GAO, YUAN-LI, und 高元利. „Small suspension bridge construction quality control study- Swing-column Steel Bridge tower“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98313436950472509248.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
土木工程與防災科技研究所
102
In this thesis, based on three practical cases of swing-column suspension bridges, the quality control and nonlinear structural behavior during the construction stages of small-scale suspension bridges are studied and related domestic and foreign construction specifications are surveyed to investigate possible inspection standards for the construction of these bridges. The deflected shape of the swing-column suspension bridges during various construction stages are analyzed using SAP2000, and the analytical results are compared with the design values and the measured data obtained at the construction sites. The comparisons are used to examine the safety of the construction works. The results of this thesis can be applied for the quality control for the construction of small-scale suspension bridges in Taiwan.
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Bau, Guo Fang, und 郭芳寶. „Vehicle Carried Suspension Bridge Construction Stage Nonlinear Analysis – Taking Swing Column Bridge Tower as an Example“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wcgdsy.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
土木工程與防災科技研究所
101
The purpose of this paper is to perform nonlinear analysis on Swing column vehicle carried suspension bridges during construction stage. Researches were focused on suspension bridges which had rotating shafts supported design at bottom of bridge tower that it bears purely axis, shear forces, and reducing bending stresses. Study was on nonlinear analyzing on Swing column vehicle carried suspension bridge during construction stage.Research methods were, after confirmation of geometrical shapes and initial states of suspension bridges, built up analysis models using SAP2000 finite element software and carried out numerical simulations; to predict strain and internal forces spreading of main cable, bridge tower, and stiffening girder on each construction stages respectively and compared with three construction stage instances of vehicle carried suspension bridge in this paper for analysis; to study linear changes of main cable, calculated length errors of main cable and suspension cable; and to predict structural displacement and changes of internal forces of three Swing column vehicle carried suspension bridges during construction stages to ensure suspension bridges construction precision.Finally, dynamic analysis was applied on three suspension bridge construction instances.Several important discoveries were resulted by this research: (1) while building finite element models for suspension bridges designer should consider geometrical and material nonlinear interferences in addition to actual construction steps in order to predict the correspondence and displacement of each structural element of suspension bridges precisely. (2) The main cable of suspension bridge was a parabola curve in its initial construction state. Main cable turned into funicular curve when adding stiffening girder segments. The actual shapes of main cable depended on Sag/Span Ratio, sling separation, dead load of stiffening girder. (3) Along with construction stages stiffening girders were segment connected which increased vertical stiffness and vibration frequency of suspension bridge effectively. The dead load of stiffening girder at the same time could promote axial forces of main cable which greatly helped in resisting vibration of main cable and twisting of stiffening girder. (4) It is inferred by this paper that before closing stiffening girder, all stretches caused by temperature were absorbed by main cable, which caused larger displacement of tower top; conversely, after closing of stiffening girder, the stretches caused by temperature were absorbed by movable supports that connect bridge abutment and stiffening girder, therefore the displacement of tower top would not be interfered too much. (5) Linear changes of main cable during construction stage for both three-span and single-span suspension bridges would be interfered by central sag of side span main cables.The research results of this paper were expected to be references of Swing column suspension bridge nonlinear analysis and construction control.
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Bücher zum Thema "Swing bridges"

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Bates, John Schuyler. Design of a Swing Highway Bridge. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.

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Sullivan, Shirley. Keep the Rhythm and the Bridge Won't Swing. Writers Club Press, 2000.

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Bird, David. Famous Bridge Swings: An Honors Book from Master Point Press. Master Point Press, 2017.

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Davis, Mark, und Davina Lohm. Pandemics, Publics, and Narrative. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683764.001.0001.

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Pandemics, Publics, and Narrative explores how members of the general public experienced the 2009 swine flu pandemic. It examines the stories related to us by individuals about what happened to them in 2009, their reflections on news and expert advice given to them, and how they considered vaccination, social isolation, and other infection control measures. The book charts also the storytelling of public life, including the “be alert, not alarmed” messages from the beginning of the outbreak through to the “boy who cried wolf” problem that emerged later in the outbreak when the virus turned out to be less serious than first thought for most people. Key themes of the book are the significance of personal immunity for people as they reflected on how to respond to the threat of an influenza virus and the ways in which universal public health advice was interpreted quite differently by people according to their medical and biographical situation. The book provides unprecedented insight into the lives of ordinary people during 2009, some affected profoundly and others hardly affected at all. By drawing on currents in sociocultural scholarship of narrative, illness narrative, and narrative medicine, it develops a novel “narrative public health” approach that bridges health communications and narrative. The book provides therefore important new insights for health communicators and researchers across the social and health sciences.
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Buchteile zum Thema "Swing bridges"

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Morganti, R., A. Tosone, D. Di Donato und M. Abita. „Swing bridges in the 19th century Italian dockyards“. In History of Construction Cultures, 473–80. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003173434-165.

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Simpson, Brian, und Michael F. Blyth. „The Renovation of a Victorian Swing Bridge“. In Bridge Management, 705–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7232-3_61.

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Watanabe, E., T. Maruyama, S. Ueda und H. Tanaka. „Yumemai Floating Swing Arch Bridge of Osaka, Japan“. In Large Floating Structures, 61–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-137-4_3.

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Marano, Giuseppe C., Giuseppe Quaranta, Rita Greco und Giorgio Monti. „Sensor Network Design for Monitoring a Historic Swing Bridge“. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering under Uncertainty: Safety Assessment and Management (ISEUSAM - 2012), 493–502. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0757-3_29.

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Pickel, Susanne, und Gert Pickel. „Political Values and Religion: A Comparison Between Western and Eastern Europe“. In Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study, 157–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_5.

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AbstractAgainst the background of successful right-wing populist movements in recent years, a question arises as to whether the democratic political culture remains stable in Europe’s democracies. The EVS 2017 confirms that a high level of legitimacy is still attached to democracy, but that there are differences in support for the current democratic system. In Eastern Europe, we find a strong openness to alternative anti-democratic systems, which helps right-wing populists to gain influence and power. Prejudice provides a bridge between right-wing populists and religion. While socially engaged believers are pro-democratic, fundamentalist have an elective affinity with anti-democratic beliefs. Gender identities that do not follow the heteronormative pattern of binary couple relationships in particular prove to be a bridge to right-wing beliefs (Schneider et al., Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik (ZRGP) 5(2), 2021). It is possible that the ongoing progress of secularisation and modernisation in Western Europe is conducive to this. The validity of the secularisation theory must be assumed, because the East-Central European states had swung into line with Western European secularisation shortly after an upheaval of religiosity directly after 1989. If in the Russian region and Southeastern Europe the revitalisation process is confirmed, many Eastern European states have now reached the ‘normal’ level they would have had without socialist repression.
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Bellanca, Nicolò, und Luca Pardi. „Per una teoria del declino delle società complesse“. In Studi e saggi, 129–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-195-2.13.

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To explain social decline, a first mechanism notes that elites, understood as small and relatively homogeneous groups, have a superiority to act in concert, compared to the masses. When the capitalist dynamics offers great opportunities to take advantage, and when such opportunities distribute costs over large groups, while concentrating the benefits in a few hands, then the elites have an incentive to intervene. To maintain privileged access to opportunities, elites seek alliances and resort to all forms of social power. Society decays when this path transforms it into a network of particularistic groups, committed to dividing given resources, instead of innovating and improving. A second mechanism is based on the responses of complex societies to challenges. The answers try to bridge the gap between the complexity of the control system and the increased complexity of the controlled system. They may consist either in constructing hierarchical modules, so that many subjects obey a few, or in multiplying the connections through reticular structures. The more the answer stratifies the hierarchy, the more the management costs of the apparatus increase. On the other hand, the more it insists on links, the more coordination costs increase between the many players in the network. The society tends to swing from one to the other, depending on which becomes more onerous. But both modes lead in the long run to decreasing energy returns, pushing the system on a path of decline. Even without the claim of composing an exhaustive investigation, the two mechanisms arise from some of the most relevant and recurrent characteristics of complex human societies: respectively, the difficulties of cooperation and the difficulties of responding to the arising of new systemic problems. In this sense, the two mechanisms may be able to help us understand what happens and what could happen.
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Faltin, Benedikt, Damaris Gann und Markus König. „A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Models for Symbol Detection in Technical Drawings“. In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 877–86. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.87.

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Symbols are a universal way to convey complex information in technical drawings since they can represent a wide range of elements, including components, materials, or relationships, in a concise and space-saving manner. Therefore, to enable a digital and automatic interpretation of pixel-based drawings, accurate detection of symbols is a crucial step. To enhance the efficiency of the digitization process, current research focuses on automating this symbol detection using deep learning models. However, the ever-increasing repertoire of model architectures poses a challenge for researchers and practitioners alike in retaining an overview of the latest advancements and selecting the most suitable model architecture for their respective use cases. To provide guidance, this contribution conducts a comparative study of prevalent and state-of-the-art model architectures for the task of symbol detection in pixel-based construction drawings. Therefore, this study evaluates six different object detection model architectures, including YOLOv5, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, Swin-Transformer, ConvNeXt, and Faster-RCNN. These models are trained and tested on two distinct datasets from the bridge and residential building domains, both representing substantial sub-sectors of the construction industry. Furthermore, the models are evaluated based on five criteria, i.e., detection accuracy, robustness to data scarcity, training time, inference time, and model size. In summary, our comparative study highlights the performance and capabilities of different deep learning models for symbol detection in construction drawings. Through the comprehensive evaluation and practical insights, this research facilitates the advancement of automated symbol detection by showing the strengths and weaknesses of the model architectures, thus providing users with valuable guidance in choosing the most appropriate model for their real-world applications
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Faltin, Benedikt, Damaris Gann und Markus König. „A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Models for Symbol Detection in Technical Drawings“. In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 877–86. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.87.

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Symbols are a universal way to convey complex information in technical drawings since they can represent a wide range of elements, including components, materials, or relationships, in a concise and space-saving manner. Therefore, to enable a digital and automatic interpretation of pixel-based drawings, accurate detection of symbols is a crucial step. To enhance the efficiency of the digitization process, current research focuses on automating this symbol detection using deep learning models. However, the ever-increasing repertoire of model architectures poses a challenge for researchers and practitioners alike in retaining an overview of the latest advancements and selecting the most suitable model architecture for their respective use cases. To provide guidance, this contribution conducts a comparative study of prevalent and state-of-the-art model architectures for the task of symbol detection in pixel-based construction drawings. Therefore, this study evaluates six different object detection model architectures, including YOLOv5, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, Swin-Transformer, ConvNeXt, and Faster-RCNN. These models are trained and tested on two distinct datasets from the bridge and residential building domains, both representing substantial sub-sectors of the construction industry. Furthermore, the models are evaluated based on five criteria, i.e., detection accuracy, robustness to data scarcity, training time, inference time, and model size. In summary, our comparative study highlights the performance and capabilities of different deep learning models for symbol detection in construction drawings. Through the comprehensive evaluation and practical insights, this research facilitates the advancement of automated symbol detection by showing the strengths and weaknesses of the model architectures, thus providing users with valuable guidance in choosing the most appropriate model for their real-world applications
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Collazos-Arias, F., D. Garcia-Sánchez, Maria L. Ruiz-Bedia, O. R. Ramos-Gutiérrez und M. A. Delgado-Nuñez. „Rehabilitation of the swing bridge from 1905, North of Spain“. In Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges, 2594–98. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315189390-351.

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Kolb, Robert. „On the Origins of Human Rights in War“. In The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2020, 157–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197618721.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the thesis found in some newer publications according to which the two branches of international humanitarian law and international human rights law were not as neatly separated between 1949 and 1968 as is often claimed. Its point is that while in effect no complete separation prevailed, the pendulum should not swing too much in the other direction. It would be an anachronistic ideological statement, projected back to the past, to say that both branches were in close relations since the times after World War II. Separation prevailed, but bridges were progressively built, blossoming since the end of the 1960s, especially in the wake of Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Swing bridges"

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Thomsen, Kjeld, und Christian Riis Petersen. „Successful Moveable Bridges“. In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2274.

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<p>The present paper describes developments in the design of the most common types of movable bridges – Bascule bridges and Swing Bridges. The selection of design concepts is influenced by span, foundation conditions as well as environmental issues. Application of modern hydraulic systems and innovative bearing types for swing bridges facilitate the creation of outstanding designs. Recently built moveable bridges in Denmark exemplifies the trend and how application of modern technology and creativity can lead to outstanding solutions. There are many governing parameters such as the span, free opening height and loading conditions. Equally important issues such as surroundings, landscape, foundation conditions, requirement to low weight, achievable tolerances and from a mechanical point of view, the operation time. Risk assessment, mechanical- and electrical systems and the requirement to operation time and maintenance cost, will have influence on the selection of machinery and the architectural and structural design. For each of the moveable bridges described, it is shown how innovative application of modern bearing concepts and hydraulic systems can lead to elegant and cost-effective solutions.</p>
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Wang, Yongxin, Matthew Jablonski, Chaitanya Yavvari, Zezhou Wang, Xiang Liu, Keith Holt und Duminda Wijesekera. „Safety and Security Analysis for Movable Railroad Bridges“. In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1251.

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Movable railroad bridges, consisting of lift, bascule, or swing bridges have been used by American rail tracks that cross usable waterways for over a century. Although custom made, movable bridges share many common components and designs. Most of them use weight bearing towers for the movable span using electric or electro-hydraulic systems lift and/or rotate these movable spans. Automated locks hold the bridge in place as soon as the movement stops. The bridge operation, train and ship signaling systems work in synchrony for trains and waterway traffic to be granted safe passage with minimal delay. This synchrony is maintained by using custom-made control systems using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Controllers located on the movable and the static parts of the bridge communicate using radio and/or wired underwater links sometimes involving marine cables. The primary objective of this paper is to develop a framework to analyze the safety and security of the bridge operating systems and their synchronous operations with railway and waterway systems. We do so by modeling the movable physical components and their control system with the interconnected network system and determine the faults and attacks that may affect their operations. Given the prevalence of attacks against PLCs, FPGAs and controllers, we show a generic way to determine the effect of what if scenarios that may arise due to attacks combined with failures using a case study of a swing bridge.
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Fang, Yu, Wen Xiong, Jun Kan und Hailong Liu. „Numerical Simulation of Overall Marine Transportation of Bay Bridges under Complex Hydrographic Environment“. In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0793.

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<p>Although more and more research achievements have been obtained in offshore engineering in recent years, there are few studies on transportation of bridge under marine condition. In order to explore the response characteristics of bridge transportation under the action of marine environment, this paper conducts numerical simulation of the transportation of a butterfly arch bridge by a semi-submersible barge. In this paper, the software based on potential theory has been used to analyze the swing motion of the transportation of bridge. The motion response of the combined float has been calculated under the action of wind, waves and currents with the varying of frequencies and directions. The results show that the swing motion amplitude of the combined float in the condition determined by the local code is relatively small, and the action of waves are the main factor of the swing motion compared to wind and currents.</p>
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Anderson, John, und Maja Wilson. „The Many Inputs To Creating a Single Moving Form, the V&A Swingbridge“. In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.109.

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<p>The moving bridges within the V&amp;A Waterfront, Cape Town, South Africa, are a recognised part of its identity and a memorable part of any visitor’s experience. One of its moving footbridges, a cable stayed swing bridge was recently replaced with a new wider swing bridge. The new 4 m wide bridge doubles the previous crossing’s capacity and improves access across the cut to the expanding Clock Tower Precinct. Moving bridges are an integration of many functional design requirements and, in the V&amp;A, important experiences and place-makers for visitors. This paper tells the story of how, from the integration of needs and opportunities, the design of the new bridge developed. The finished form is cable-stayed with a single plane of four locked coil cables connecting to the deck’ central, upstand spine beam. A reclining pylon is a continuity of the main central beam and its stiffness transfers the cable loads into the piled substructure. The superstructure rotates on a 3550 mm diameter, internally geared, three-row roller slew bearing that is driven by four hydraulic motors with a maximum output torque of 42 kNm each. Performing to the same high standards of its predecessor, the new footbridge opens and closes up to sixty times a day, carrying up to</p><p>2.4 million people per year. The need to maintain access across the cut meant it was installed and commissioned within one month of the removal of the previous bridge.</p>
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Murano, Fumiya, Masaaki Nakayama, Shinjiro Seki und Yuya Uchida. „Innovative unloading and lifting system applied for deck erection of new suspension bridge across the Danube river in Romania“. In IABSE Symposium, Istanbul 2023: Long Span Bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/istanbul.2023.0560.

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<p>This paper describes an innovative unloading and lifting system applied for the deck erection of a new suspension bridge (1120m in main span) across the Danube in Romania, with emphasis on concept design and operation on site. The deck erection was performed in the spring of 2022. In this project, independent unloading and lifting systems were arranged while considering topographical constraints. One of the systems was used for unloading deck segments from the river to the tips of the embankments via a swing operation, whereas another was used to lift the deck segments vertically from the river or embankment to the designated elevations. In general, deck lifting devices equipped with both jacking and carriage system are installed in a cross-gantry manner on main cables. In this project, all structural and mechanical components relevant to deck unloading and lifting operations except clamps anchored to the main cables were integrated at the deck side to pursue light weight and highly mobile devices taking account of irregular deck erection step. As a result, less material and cost effective erection devices were realized compared with dominant gantry systems.</p>
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Matsuhisa, Hiroshi, und Yoshihisa Honda. „Liquid Dynamic Absorbers for Ropeway Carriers and Ships“. In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/movic-8405.

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Abstract After Matsuhisa proved that the wind-induced swing of ropeway carriers could be reduced by dynamic absorbers in 1993, many absorbers have been installed in ropeway carriers. In the actual use of dynamic absorbers composed of a steel moving mass on a arc-shaped track, the tunings of natural frequency and damping coefficient are not easy. Liquid-type dynamic vibration absorbers have advantages of ease of tuning the natural frequency and the damping coefficient. In this study, dynamic absorbers composed of liquid (water or viscous liquid) in V-shaped or U-shaped pipes were investigated. The natural frequency can be easily adjusted by the amount of water. The damping coefficient can be adjusted by nozzles at the terminals of pipe, an orifice or a net in liquid and by the viscosity of liquid. The reduction of rolling of gondola lifts, ships and cable suspension bridges by the liquid dynamic absorbers were investigated theoretically. The formula to predict the effectiveness of the absorber was derived. The relationship between the effectiveness of the absorber and its location and shape was discussed. The experimental investigations on the swing of pendulum, the roll of ships and flutter of cable suspension bridges were carried out by means of small models. It was found that the absorbers could reduce the rolling very well and it would be possible to install to the real gondolas, ships and cable suspension bridges.
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Giles, Ryan, Robin Kim, Steven Sweeney, Bill Spencer, Lawrence Bergman, Carol Shield und Steve Olson. „Multimetric Monitoring of a Historic Swing Bridge“. In Structures Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412374.014.

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8

Paterson, Duncan, und Justin Anderson. „Repositioning of the Cumberland River Swing Bridge“. In Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479742.066.

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9

Kumar, Sashi. „Design & Construction of the Prai Swing Bridge“. In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0905.

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<p>This paper highlights the design and construction of the Prai Swing Bridge, a key component of the 328km long Electrified Double-Track project between Ipoh and Padang Besar in Malaysia. The bridge was built under a design &amp; build contract completed by MMC-Gamuda JV under the purview of Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). It represents a milestone in the upgrading of the railway infrastructure network within Malaysia as part of the national push for development.</p>
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Moretti, Stefano, Yamuna Maccarana, Fabio Previdi und Michele Ermidoro. „Load swing reduction in manually operated bridge cranes“. In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry - Innovation to Shape the Future for Society and Industry (RTSI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065880.

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