Dissertationen zum Thema „Swimming strategy“

Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) have come to play a major role in contemporary governance systems, and particularly in the fields of water and the environment. Adopting a new institutional theoretical perspective, this thesis examines how rules and norms affect the advocacy strategies of coalitions of NGOs in Vietnam and Cambodia, utilising a comparative case study analysis of the Xayaburi hydropower dam planned on the Mekong River in Laos. The comparison was conducted between the Rivers Coalition in Cambodia and the Vietnam Rivers Network during the planning period for the dams in 2011-2013.The main findings of the study is that rules, norms, actors, biophysical and material conditions interact with each other in creating influence over advocacy strategies. Different patterns of interactions were identified; these are 1) complementary interactions between formal rules, informal rules and norms 2) competing interactions between formal rules, informal rules and norms. Actors play important roles in both of these forms of interactions. Through identification of the barriers and opportunities NGO actors face within the Mekong region, the thesis concludes with two recommendations: 1) modifications to the formal rules which could facilitate further integration of NGOs and civil society actors into decision-making processes of transboundary water governance and 2) use of analytical framework by NGO and civil society actors in identifying windows of opportunities for advocacy strategies.

Les bactéries présentent une diversité de comportements de motilité, essentielle à leur survie dans des environnements complexes. Comprendre ces mécanismes de motilité, en particulier dans des espaces confinés, est crucial pour l'écologie microbienne et le développement de technologies bio-inspirées. Cette thèse explore le transport bactérien dans des espace confinés en utilisant des modèles théoriques, numériques et expérimentaux pour prédire le mouvement bactérien dans des canaux en forme de fente et des milieux poreux, et pour identifier des stratégies optimales de dispersion. La thèse est organisée en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre passe en revue l’état de l’art sur la recherche en motilité bactérienne. Le deuxième chapitre développe un nouveau cadre permettant de prédire la dispersion des particules de type "Run-and-Tumble" dans des canaux à parois parallèles, apportant des informations clés sur les mouvements optimaux. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur les milieux poreux et présente un nouveau modèle capable de prédire la diffusivité bactérienne à travers une large variété de modalité de déplacement et de conditions environnementales. Le quatrième chapitre présente des études expérimentales sur une nouvelle souche de bactéries magnétotactiques, en examinant leur réponse magnétique et leurs interactions avec des interfaces solides. Cette thèse présente des résultats prometteurs qui contribuent aux domaines de la motilité bactérienne et de la matière active. Elle comble notamment un manque de compréhension concernant la dispersion dans des environnements confinés. De manière plus large, les résultats trouvent des applications potentielles dans des domaines allant du génie biologique à la recherche microbienne
Bacteria exhibit diverse motility behaviors, which are key to their survival in complex environments. Understanding these motility mechanisms, particularly in confined spaces, is crucial for microbial ecology and the development of bio-inspired technologies. This thesis investigates bacterial transport in confined environments, using theoretical, numerical, and experimental models to predict bacterial motion in slit-like channels and porous media, and to identify optimal strategies for dispersion. The thesis is organized into four chapters. The first chapter reviews the state of the art in bacterial motility research. The second chapter develops a new framework to predict the dispersal of Run-and-Tumble particles in slit-like channels, providing key insights into optimal motion. The third chapter shifts to porous media, presenting a new model capable of predicting bacterial diffusivity across a wide variety of swimmer models and environmental conditions. The fourth chapter focuses on experimental studies with a novel strain of Magnetotactic Bacteria, examining their magnetic response and interactions with solid interfaces. This thesis presents promising results that contribute to the fields of bacterial motility and active matter. Specifically, it addresses the previous lack of understanding of bacterial dispersal in confined environments. More broadly, the findings offer potential applications in fields ranging from bioengineering to microbial research

The aim of this thesis is to provide a business plan proposal for swimming school that will offer swimming classes for children in age from 6 month till 4 years. The thesis will be divided into 3 main chapters. First chapter contains all theoretical points needed for further analysis. Analysis of external environment and current market situation is covered in the second part of the thesis. Last chapter consists of the business plan proposal itself and SWOT analysis.

L’océan austral est un écosystème fragile dont la dynamique est influencée par des variations climatiques qui vont structurer la distribution spatio-temporelle des ressources. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les stratégies d’acquisition des ressources en proies mises en place par l’éléphant de mer austral face aux contraintes énergétiques (coûts du transport et coûts d’accès à la ressource) et temporelles (temps passé au fond d’une plongée et limite de plongée aérobie) auxquelles il est soumis. L’utilisation d’un ensemble d’enregistreurs de données déployés sur ces animaux a permis de reconstruire en trois dimensions leur plongée, mais également de calculer leur effort de nage, le nombre de proies rencontrées ainsi que leur dépense énergétique. Notre étude montre qu’à l’échelle d’une plongée, les éléphants de mer adaptent leur trajectoire, mais également le temps qu’ils passent au fond, en fonction du nombre de proies rencontrées. Pour des densités locales de proie importantes, ils passent plus de temps au fond, et concentrent leur recherche en zone restreinte, caractérisée par une diminution de la vitesse et une augmentation de la sinuosité horizontale. Au-delà de 550 m, le coût d’accès aux ressources devient supérieur aux coûts d’acquisition ; ils doivent alors faire face à un compromis entre l’accessibilité et la disponibilité en proies. À mesure qu’ils s’alimentent, ces phoques augmentent leur flottabilité, diminuant de surcroît leur dépense énergétique. Cette étude démontre également une structuration spatio-temporelle de cette dépense énergétique qui semble être liée au succès d’alimentation et donc à la distribution des ressources en proies
The Southern Ocean is a fragile ecosystem whose dynamics are influenced by climate change that will structure the spatio-temporal distribution of resources. The objective of this PhD was to investigate the foraging strategies used by the southern elephant seal, under energetic (cost of transport and costs of access to the resource) and temporal (time at the bottom of a dive and aerobic dive limit) constraints. Using a set of animal-borne data loggers allowed us to reconstruct their three-dimensional path underwater, but also to calculate their swimming effort, the number of prey encountered and their energy expenditure. At the dive level, our study shows that elephant seals adapt their path, but also the time spent at the bottom, depending on the number of prey encountered. For high local prey density, they spent more time at the bottom, and concentrated their foraging effort in areas restricted search, characterized by a decrease in speed and an increase in horizontal sinuosity. Beyond 550 m, the cost of access to resources becomes greater than the cost of acquisition ; they must therefore deal with a trade-off between prey accessibility and availability. While feeding, these seals increase their buoyancy, reducing furthermore their energy expenditure. This study also shows a spatio-temporal structure of the energy expenditure that appears to be related to feeding success and therefore to prey resources distribution

碩士
國立臺南大學
教育學系課程與教學（澎湖）碩士班
95
The study was preceded with a method of active research. Main aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of swimming teaching strategy, which included the effectiveness of improving the level of the primary school swimmers, teachers’ role in the implementation of swimming teaching strategy, students’ attitude toward the process of implementing the swimming teaching strategy. Furthermore, it will discuss the limitations and their responses of the implementation of swimming teaching strategy in practise. In order to achieve the aim of this study, the author had designed teaching structural framework and teaching activity according to the result the secondary research data evaluation. Prior to the teaching, an investigation was conducted targeting the second grade of the school via the ‘beginner swimmers’ test’ to establish a starting point. Various tests include ‘water adaptability test’, ‘swimming ability test’, ‘crawl-stroke ability test’ and ‘breast-stroke’ were conducted after the practical classes in order to compare and analyse their effectiveness. At the same time the, continuous analysis, cross examination and comparisons of various transformations amongst students before and after the implementation of the swimming teaching strategy were conducted. These were done with the combination of teaching journal, student books, observation reports, interview records, evaluation records, discussions and conversations of the assisting experts and various data. The study results are concluded as the following: 1 Effectiveness of the Swimming Teaching Strategy in the improvement of primary school pupils’ swimming ability: 1.1 Vast improvement in pupils’ water adaptability; 1.2 Improvement in pupils’ swimming ability; 1.3 Better understanding of the crawl stroke and breast stroke amongst the pupils; 1.4 Improvement of pupils’ physical strength; 1.5 Improved learning via ‘oral teaching’; and 1.6 Improve pupils’ confidence, motivate their learning interest and improve learning effectiveness via the teaching of applied strategy. 2 During the implementation of the swimming teaching strategy, on the aspect of development, teachers assume the role of researcher, motivator and observer. On the aspect of correction, teachers assume the role of designer, demonstrator and trainer. On the remediation aspect, teachers assume the role of referee and the evaluator of one’s action. 3 Pupils have positive attitude toward the teachers and the content of teaching during the process of swimming teaching strategy implementation, as well as a strict self demand. An increasing familiarity with swimming accompanying by a gradual establishment of leisure habit. 4 Limitations and responses of the implementation of swimming teaching strategy in the actual teaching scenario: 4.1 Insufficient lesson time. Solved by extracurricular lessons and develop pupils’ ability in independent learning; 4.2 Insufficient professional expertise amongst the teaching staff. Solved by further learning and the establishment of co-teaching method; 4.3 The traditional evaluation method is unable to motivate the students. Solved by the use of selective evaluation, self evaluation and assessment sheet, to allow the students to self monitor revise. 4.4 Insufficient swimming facilities. This was solved by the development of multimedia teaching, accreditation and award measures. Finally, according to the conclusions mentioned above, recommendations made in the aspects of lesson design, teaching time arrangement, application of teaching methods and the application of financial recourses are provided as the references for those interested.’

碩士
佛光大學
未來學系
99
In recent years, the most widely expected theory in future research shall be foresight theory which is not just conducted based on the past experience or file, but employ the uncertainty of future development as its main stream.The following three functions are recognized as the essence of foresight theory: future management, variation forecasting and participation enhancing. The latest methodology to foresight theory is SYSPAHMM. This research is done by the SYSPAHMM to demonstrate the future development strategy of junior swimming teaching. First of all, analyze the current situation and identify issues. Secondly, frame out the objectives and possible developed scenarios, then scheming out the future development strategy and principle of junior swimming teaching. Consequently, apply to Private Yi-lan Huey Deng High School- empirical study for future development of junior students swimming teaching.To determine the most suitable development strategies of swimming teaching for Huey Deng High School, this research use Super Decisions software to calculate the relative weighted mean ratio, and establish the hierarchical structure based on the objectives and strategies of SYSPAHMM with AHP concept. Below are the research results: 1. Order of impacted factors --- High-quality curriculum (0.334) > The direction of school support (0.262) > Field of swimming teaching (0.243) > Swimming ability of students (0.159). 2. The most appropriate direction --- Enhance students swimming ability (0.434) > Acquire for swimming competition results (0.310) > Increase the knowledge of water rescue (0.254). 3. The most suitable time --- Summer PE time (0.488) > Regular study up time (0.358) > Summer time going to night classes (0.153). 4. The most appropriate way --- Classes according to each class placement (0.505) > By swimming ability grouping (0.363) > Gender and year placement (0.131). 5. The most suitable swimming pool --- Borrow private swimming pool (0.665) > Organized lectures in schools (0.180) > The school teaches physical education (0.153).

碩士
輔仁大學
體育學系碩士班
107
The purpose of this study was to investigate the marketing strategies and risk management practices of pre-school swimming courses. The researcher conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 3 purposively sampled pre-school swimming instructors employed at private swimming schools. He also transcribed the contents of the interviews for coding and analyzing. The results were as follows: (a) in running the programs, some pre-school swimming courses aimed to promote parent-child relation through swimming, whereas others were more business oriented; Japanese instruction emphasized more on the parent-child interaction, English style cared more on children’s sensory development, and YMCAs with Japanese philosophy further incorporated aerobic activities in the swimming courses; the program operators usually promoted their courses through or by social media such as FB and its official web site, distributing advertisement flyers, briefing during swimming classes, parents’ worth of mouth, and providing free trial lessons; fees for the courses were set differently based on equipment and facility quality to attract parents from the upper class and the average family, respectively; parents who had a stronger sense of child protection and were critical on privacy and environment hygiene factors tended to select higher priced programs; and (b) negligence of parents or instructors during the instruction was a more often seen risk for pre-school swimming courses; parents’ handling skills and comforting voices provided a sense of safety for the children and ensured a more smooth learning process; insurance policy was mainly planned for facility and site aspects, given the probability of severe injuries of the children were very unlikely; setting emergency treatment procedures in advance was the standard approach applied to minimize damage as risk control measures failed.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
管理研究所
94
The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitive strategy of a company with import business of heating equipment in hot-water swimming pool. SWOT analysis, product differentiation, and the key successful factors of a given industrial firm in terms of corporate strategy over the past years were studied. A case study method is applied as a research methodology for this study. The company has been dominate in market share, pricing decision, and has owned better position of connections with public sectors over the years to earn excess profit. However, the whole market position is now changed within a few years and the new challenge to the company is unavoidable. The major summary and conclusions are as follows: (1) The effective product differentiation strategy makes the company create market segments, however, with more variety of products imported also make the pressure of inventory pile-up and lower the bargaining power against the foreign imports. (2) With the increasing trends of people go to swim and the consciousness of environmental concern, the demand for the hot water heating equipment becomes a great opportunity for this company to grow.

碩士
國立臺灣體育運動大學
體育研究所
101
After the relationship has been eased between Taiwan and China, KinMeng has become a model county that promotes the interrelation of the two countries, and this series of opening up borders has, not only meaning a lot for Taiwan and China but also changing the KinMeng’s society and economy, shifted people there in the way of their awareness and thinking. 　　This research takes long distance swimming activity as an example, analyzing the effectiveness of using athletic activities to promote the city, discussing service marketing design of athletic activities by adopting case study, and inducting the successful factors of an athletic activity that trigger the tourism of the city. 　　This research has, in the duration of the actual development stage, adopted professional interview to proceed with the targeted case study as well as data collection, analysis and comparison. The result shows that different “service provider”, “service procedure”, and “service location” can enhance the shaping, liable, responding, ensuring and the sympathetic characteristics of the service, while different service takers can enhance the shaping, ensuring and sympathetic characteristics of the service quality. The long distance swimming activity can change the acknowledgement of and the willingness to travel to KinMeng, but the attitude towards KinMeng has long been influenced by tits stereotype image and hence has very little change. At the end this research lists some concluding suggestions for the government, tourism and related industries, as well as some reference for future study.

碩士
國立臺南大學
國民教育研究所
92
Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish the instruction strategy of swimming lessons for the diplegia children with spastic type cerebral palsy, and to evaluate the effects of the swimming lessons on the joint angle for them. The subjects of the study were 15 diplegia children with spastic type cerebral palsy from the elementary schools in Tainan City. According to preferences, eight were assigned into one experimental group and seven were into control group. All subjects underwent one physical therapy per week while the experimental group also underwent three 60-minute swimming lessons per week for 20 weeks. Before and after the study, tested items included: shoulder joint (flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation), elbow joint (flexion, pronation, supination), wrist joint (flexion, extension), hip joint (flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation), knee joint (flexion), and ankle joint (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion). The results were analyzed and listed as follows: 1. Before study, all subjects didn’t show significantly difference on angle joint measurements (P＞ .05). 2. Experimental group showed significant improvement on right shoulder internal rotation, left shoulder joint flexion, right left elbow joint supination, right wrist joint extension, left hip joint internal rotation, right left hip external rotation, and right left hip joint flexion. 3. Control group showed significant improvement on the tests of right left hip joint flexion and left elbow joint flexion. 4. Experimental group showed significant improvement in their swimming evaluations. Two were able to swim 25 m using breaststroke in coordination with freestyle leg kick and 25 m using backstroke with arm and leg coordination. Another two were able to swim independently with dog paddle for 10 m. This study showed that diplegia children with spastic type cerebral palsy not only could undergo aquatic therapy, they could also participate in normal swimming lessons and activities, provided that the instruction strategy of swimming teaching was modified to suit the needs of these children. After taking the swimming lessons, they showed significant improvement on movements of extremities. These improvements have positive effects on the subjects’ sitting, standing and walking postures.

碩士
國立金門大學
運動與休閒學系
101
This research discusses the impacts on Kinmen County elementary school students’ capacities in swimming, as relating to, self-efficacy, learning strategy and learning effect; Analysis and comparison of various contributing factors presented by, individual backgrounds and individual student ability in self-efficacy and learning strategy; As well as, a greater understanding of students’ self-efficacy and learning strategy and how those factors correlate in affecting the predicted ability and learning effect. This research uses the questionnaire survey procedure. The subjects of the study were elementary school students of Kinmen County in the fifth and sixth grades in the year 2013. In all 540 surveys were used, 487 surveys were effective resulting in a 94% effective return ratio. The survey instruments and methods used were the SPSS 18.0 statistics coverall formula, use of descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The obtained findings are as follows: First, the student swimming lesson average self-efficacy score of 4.00 was scaled by the following factors in this order: “Leisure”, “interpersonal relationship”, “health”, “suitable energy movement”, “mood pressure”, and, “life skill”; The student swimming lesson average learning strategy score of 4.09 was scaled by the following factors in this order: “Seeks tactical help”, “information processing metacognition”, “diligence and perseverance”; The student swimming lesson learning effect score average of 4.27 was scaled by the following factors in this order: “Cognition”, “emotional response”, and “skill” . Second, the variable differences of student gender and grade level had no remarkable impact on student self-efficacy, learning strategy and learning effect. Third, previous swimming background and experience has a profound impact on student self-efficacy, learning strategy and learning effect. Fourth, there are obvious connections and correlations between students’ self-efficacy, learning strategy and learning effect in swimming class. Fifth, the schoolchild swimming lesson self-potency it “the leisure entertainment”; The schoolchild swimming class study strategy it “the information processing and Metacognitive strategies”, “tactic of seeks help”, “tactic of diligently and the insistence ” may forecast the study result effectively.

碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所在職專班
101
The formulation of business strategy is a very important job for any organization because the quality of strategy will have a significant impact on its success.Therefore,an organization has to evaluate its internal and external environment in order to setup an appropriate strategic direction.At present,many of the public school’s swimming pools are operated by using outsourcing business model. However,this model is not entirely feasible for most of the schools due to the differences in their location, population,etc. Hence,this study takes National Formosa University’s swimming pool as example and uses SWOT strategy analysis method to analyze its current situation in order to determine the four strategic direction (SO,ST, WO,WT) in the SWOT strategy matrix.Hopefully,the result of this study can be useful reference for decision makers in determine future swimming pool operation strategy.

A gestão de uma organização, independentemente da sua natureza, representa na atualidade um grande desafio. Inicialmente, o sucesso no desenvolvimento do processo de gestão de uma organização depende, essencialmente, de uma estratégia bem formulada e implementada, mas no entanto, a longo prazo, este êxito só será possível se existir um mecanismo de monitorização que permita realizar ao longo do tempo uma avaliação do desempenho. O Balanced Scorecard (BSC), da autoria de Robert Kaplan e David Norton, na década de 90, surgiu inicialmente como uma metodologia de avaliação do desempenho e rapidamente começou a ser utlizado também como um sistema de gestão estratégica. Esta ferramenta pode ser utilizada nos mais variados tipos de organizações visto que pode ser adaptada às características e especificidades de cada uma. O presente estudo tem como objetivo adaptar o Balanced Scorecard a uma organização desportiva, as Piscinas da Associação Humanitária de Bombeiros Voluntários de Colares, de modo que, relativamente à metodologia empregue, este consiste num estudo de caso. Com o objetivo de suportar o estudo de uma forma coerente, foram utilizados como instrumentos de recolha de dados um conjunto de entrevistas e a análise documental. Como principal conclusão deste estudo retiramos que o BSC é de facto uma ferramenta muito útil para desenvolver a estratégia de uma organização e avaliar o seu desempenho.
The management of an organization, regardless his nature, is a huge challenge at the current time. Initially the successful development of an organization management process depends essentially on a well-formulated and implemented strategy, however, in the long term this achievement is only possible if exists a monitoring system designed to implement an performance measurement over the time. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC), created by Robert Kaplan and David Norton in the 90s, originally emerged as a performance measurement methodology and quickly began to be used also as a strategic management system. This tool can be used in the most diverse categories of organizations as it can be adapted to the characteristics and specificities of each organization. This study aims to adapt the Balanced Scorecard to a chosen sports organization, Piscinas da Associação Humanitária de Bombeiros Voluntários de Colares. Concerning to the methodology used, it is a case study, and in order to accurately support this study were used interviews and document analysis as collection of data. As the main conclusion, the study shows that the BSC is, in fact, a very useful tool for the development of the strategy of an organization and for the measure its performance.

Title: Strategy of dealing with the stress of the swimmers with different sport capacity Aim of the work: This diploma thesis is aimed to assess the strategy of dealing with stress of selected swimmers' groups. The recreational swimmers regularly practising swimming and the competitive as well as elite swimmers undergoing a regular training were the selected subjects of examination. Methods: In this work, there was used a SVF 78 questionnaire method with the electronic data collection. The questionnaire was processed through tabulation and written description. We were seeking to find the structure of stress dealing of the swimmers' groups and to find differences in strategies of dealing with stress of the particular groups as well as potential differences from the normal values. Results: As the statistic interpretation of the sum total of negative strategies demonstrates the strategies are more reflected in the weaker swimmers, both the female and male recreational ones. Within the positive strategies the diversion from the normal values was higher both for men and women. A growth of variability of dealing with stress situations along with a decreasing swimming performance is apparent at both men and women (higher values of the standard deviation). In total, men use the strategy "control of the...