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1
Havlíček, Ondřej. „Svoboda vůle a přístup k informacím o vlastních intencích“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124792.
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This diploma thesis deals with the problem of free will and the reliability of an introspective access to action intentions. The traditional questions of free will, responsibility and determinism are currently receiving a lot of attention due to the advances in cognitive sciences. Because of various scientific findings, many authors claim that free will is just an illusion. The purpose of this study is to discuss traditional conceptualization of this topic and point out its problems. As an alternative, I am trying to suggest a compatibilistic theory of freedom and responsibility, which is internally coherent and compatible with scientific evidence. The core of my thesis is a replication and modification of a recent experimental study, investigating voluntary decision-making and an introspective access to one's own intentions. The participants of the experiment performed reflexive actions which they misjudged as intentional. The goal of the theoretical part of my thesis has been accomplished on the basis of examining a voluminous foreign literature. The method involves a philosophical analysis of concepts with an emphasis on contemporary scientific findings. In the empirical part of my work, results were obtained in a cognitive-psychological experiment involving reaction time and evoked potential data acquisition and their analysis. First, a discussion of concepts relevant to the problem of free will is undertaken. An explication of the most significant experiments that question traditional intuitions about the human mind and free will is then given. A detailed description of my experiment follows, including its results and implications. Finally, conclusions about the nature of free will and responsibility are made together with certain suggestions for both the criminal justice system and everyday situations. Although I base the theoretical part of my thesis on the results of many authors, I contribute to it to a substantial degree with my own opinions and arguments. The empirical study is the most significant contribution of mine as its realization demanded i.a. a development of a stimulus presentation software, execution of the experimental tasks with a relatively large number of subjects and a mathematical and statistical evaluation of the acquired data.
2
Novák, Jakub. „Vůle, svoboda, událost. Studie k pojetí jednání u Hannah Arendtové“. Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-287554.
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The study attempts to present a certain interpretation of Hannah Arendt's theory of action. It mainly focuses on the question of what precedes action and what follows it. Therefore, it primarily concentrates on two phenomena: the phenomenon of human will as "the spring of action" and the phenomenon of historical event, which "remains" in the world after action has come to pass. The concluding part of the study relates these topics to Arendt's analysis of totalitarianism.
3
Schubertová, Zuzana. „Autonomie vůle v soukromém právu“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329852.
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68 Abstract The principle of autonomy of will is a fundamental principle of private law. It is impossible to imagine the functioning of private law without it. The principle is primarily based on the principles of equality and freedom, the key principles on which the foundations of a democratic legal system and free society are built. The aim of my thesis is to define the autonomy of will, compare the principle of autonomy of will with other fundamental doctrines and principles from which it arises and/or principles which are closely related to. I believe that most of the legal relationships based on private law are founded on the principle of autonomy of will, therefore, I decided to describe some of these institutes in more detail in my dissertation as well. The thesis is divided into a general part and a specific part. In the general part I deal predominantly with the inclusion of the principle of autonomy of will into the principles of private law. This part also contains some theoretical concepts and is closely linked to constitutional law, the Bill of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and the principles on which the Civil Code is built. I further deal with the interpretation of certain terms, then the principle of autonomy of will itself and how it is perceived by several authors. In addition to that, I...
4
Buchtová, Kateřina. „Zákaz diskriminace a svoboda jednotlivce“. Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354044.
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This work examines the compatibility of prohibition of discrimination in private law and the principle of autonomy of will which is the leading principle of private law. For this purpose, the work analyses both principles and their limits, examines their conflict and possible coexistence. First of all, this work deals with the prohibition of discrimination in private relationships and the extend of its effect. This extend is limited by the scope of the Antidiscrimination Act as well as by certain exceptions from equal treatment. Considering the fact that antidiscrimination law does not have a long tradition in the Czech Republic, this work uses international law and EU law, as well as relevant case law, to interpret the norms of antidiscrimination law. Further, this work focuses on the principle of autonomy of will which is the fundamental prerequisite for realization of the will of individuals in private law. Besides the content of the principle of autonomy of will, this work analyses its limitations given by private law acts, especially Civil Code and Labour Code. The conflict of prohibition of discrimination and the autonomy of will is can be perceived from different perspectives. Some of them are mentioned in this work. In essence, this conflict is a conflict of two fundamental rights, equality...
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Šustková, Lucie. „Svoboda a odpovědnost dítěte ve výchovném procesu“. Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298103.
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v anglickém jazyce Thesis on "Freedom and responsibility of the child in the educational process" to capture the development of "freedom" and "responsibility" of historical first. It is crucial to how these therms are understood todey, both generally and in the philosophical and pedagogical sense. The work si focused in theory, the charter entitled "Freedom of the child in school and families" attempts to outline the practical actions that can direct the child correctly and to assist them in thein correct perception of freedom and responsibility. The thesis is devided into eight chapters, the chapter "Freedom and responsibility from the perspective of philosophy and education" is just a recapitulation of the development of two basic concepts of "freedom" and "responsibility". The following chapter tries to find the basic approaches to education, each has a different view of freedom and responsibility, but all three approaches are negligible in the educational process. The following chapter dealing with decision-making process, which is an integral part of properly conceived freedom of will and responsibility for their actions. Other chapters describe the different approaches to family and school education, and strives to capture what takes place in the world of a man who is aware of its freedom and...
6
Stanková, Eva. „Filosofická a psychologická problematika svobodné vůle. Svobodná vůle a odpovědnost“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326668.
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The question of free will, determinants of free action and responsibility is one of the most thrilling questions of the mankind. Moreover, the free will problem is closely connected to regulation and hindsight judgement of man behaviour so the law is concerned with the problem as well. However, a legal concept of free will is missing in the Czech law or legal theory. The author is therefore concerned with the fact that there is no satisfactory legal definition of free will even though legal responsibility is impliedly based on free action and free will. The Czech law defines just the freedom of action in negative terms, i.e. as an action of will free from circumstances limiting or precluding legal responsibility. The aim of the thesis is to summarize knowledge of social psychology regarding free will and assess whether the Czech law does impose the right standard of freedom of will in comparison to scientific experiments and findings. Furthermore, there are philosophical theories of free will introduced in the thesis and consequently these theories are questioned and examined for the purpose of defining legal concept of free will. At the end of the psychological part of the thesis one comes to the conclusion that the social determinants such as peer pressure, conformity and obedience to authority...
7
Kasalová, Aneta. „Filosofická a psychologická problematika svobodné vůle; svobodná vůle a odpovědnost“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327253.
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Philosophical and Psychological Issues of Free Will; Free Will and Responsibility My thesis is dealing with the issues of free will and legal responsibility. I have chosen this topic because it is one of the questions that many people, including me, keep asking very often, but no one really knows the answer. The aim of my thesis is to show that whether free will exists or not, the law as we know it has to admit its existence anyway. My thesis is composed of three main parts. The first and the second part are introduction to a philosophical and psychological discourse related to free will. Whether free will exists or not has been debated throughout history from antic until today and the opinions are very different. The brightness of the opinions between hard determinism (there is no free will) and libertarianism (our will is completely free) is what I tried to point out. The third part of my thesis focuses on the link between free will and legal responsibility. I chose to concentrate myself at the criminal responsibility and at those parts of the Criminal Codex assuming human's free will - as paragraphs referring to sanity, and also those parts which excludes criminal responsibility because the free will was missing - as the paragraphs concerned with necessity defense etc. Another issue related to...
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Kolda, Jakub. „Filosofická a psychologická problematika svobodné vůle; svobodná vůle a odpovědnost“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332037.
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1 ABSTRACT Presented thesis deals with different approaches and methods of research on the free will issue and with the comparison of these approaches and methods. First part comprises of description of the philosophical discourse of free will. This part is divided into four sections. First section includes those free will concepts that can be called hard- deterministic, as they hold the laws of physical determination to be true and they believe that there is no such a thing as a free will in this world. Compatibilist theories whose authors claim that the laws of determination and free will are able to coexist are included in the second section. Third section encompasses those free will theories that claim that free will is not possible both in deterministic and non-deterministic world. These theories are called impossibilist. Libertarian theories which claim that in fact there exists free will in a non-deterministic universe constitute the last section. Content of the second part of the thesis is based upon neurological studies and praxis of legal experts in the field of psychiatrics and psychology in the Czech Republic. Opening section consists of three divisions. The first one is devoted to the description of the physiological correlates of will processes and to the cases of disruptions in these...
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Juřicová, Kateřina. „Limity smluvní svobody v občanském právu“. Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438301.
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OF DISSERTATION IN ENGLISH Doctoral Student: JUDr. Kateřina Juřicová Topic of Dissertation: Limitations on Freedom of Contract in the Civil Law Supervisor of Dissertation: Prof. JUDr. Jan Dvořák, CSc. Doctoral Programme of Study: Theoretical Legal Sciences - Civil Law, Univerzita Karlova, Právnická fakulta, katedra občanského práva Date of Closing of Dissertation: 31.12.2019 The dissertation covers the limitations on freedom of contract in civil law and provides with the summary and following analysis of both general and specific limitations on freedom of contract in civil law. The general limitations consist of mandatory rules and stipulations prohibited by law. As part of the analysis of the general limitations both character and distinction between mandatory and non-mandatory rules are analyzed, as well as the criteria for the provisions to be designated as mandatory such as statutory prohibition, stipulations contrary to good morals, public order or the law concerning the status of persons, including the right to protection of personality rights. Similarly, the list of specific limitations on self-authorship describes legal relationships between landlord and tenant, employer and employee or consumer and entrepreneur, various cases in the community property of spouses or contracts with minors,...
10
Kobylka, Vít. „Problém svobody a tvořivosti u Nietzscheho“. Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313359.
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The Thesis aims to explore the problem of Freedom and Creativity in Nietzsche. It attempts to do so in respect to the two main concepts of his high and late writings. Concept of Superman and concept of the Eternal recurrence of the same. In this respect our text follows especially interpretations of Martin Heidegger. We begin our treatise with situating Nietzsche's concept of freedom among more traditional thought and we put emphasis on comparison of it to the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. In the next phase we reject (with Martin Heidegger and Ivan Dubský) simplifying understanding of the Eternal reccurence which understands it as dull determinism. We also analyse the topic of Creativity in Nietzsche and introduce it as fundamental anthropological theme. In the following chapters we identify certain moods that allow us to experience perspective of the Eternal reccurence and the one of Superman, which gives us chance to understand both concepts in their connection. But this connection remains enigmatic and in the last chapter we try, with help of Kierkegaard's concept of the moment, to understand both thoughts in their complementarity not only united in the concept of creativity, but also through Nietzsche's concept of the moment, understood as the original understanding of one of the aspects of...
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Kutílek, Lukáš. „Právněfilozofické aspekty svobodné vůle“. Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-345370.
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This thesis seeks an answer to a question of whether social normative systems, particularly law and morality, are consistent with the most recent scientific and philosophical findings. Those in fact often conclude that the human will is not free and that the human decision- making is only a physiological process governed by the laws of physics. Such findings thus, at a first glance, collide mainly with the concept of responsibility, through which law and morality are implemented. Therefore, the paper begins with a brief introduction of the current state of knowledge concerning free will and presents mainly determinism and indeterminism. The conclusion of the first part called Free Will and Determinism introduces a view of the world, which best suits the current state of knowledge and is further referred to as Physicalism. The second part called Law, Morality, Physicalism, briefly presents law and morality as regulators of human behavior, for which the concept of free will is fundamental. The focus of the thesis then shifts towards the institutions of criminal and civil law, that seem to be threatened by Physicalism the most. However, general consistency of Physicalism and the examined normative concepts is concluded, while it is argued that within the physicalistic view of the world, law and morality...
12
Kočanová, Júlia. „Zobrazení svobodné vůle v povídkách Miguela Torgy“. Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296421.
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Key words: characters, free choice, free will, motivation, relations with authorities This thesis is focused on work of Portuguese writer Miguel Torga, author of an extensive corpus of poetic as well as prosaic works. Since this literary study is the first study of his work, the opening part of the thesis is focused on author's life and on putting his work into historical and literary context of that time. Second part of the thesis concentrates primarily on literary analysis of two selected collections of short stories, in which Miguel Torga returns to rural background of his childhood. Into this environment with archaic and pagan attributes Torga introduces strong and unique characters, who are often confronted with critical situations. At such moments author can expose characters' qualities to reader together with their motivation, relations to other individuals, to present community or to other authorities. Analysis of these basic factors enables resulting study of an existence of free will of characters and of possible manifestation of their free will in comparison to selected elements of philosophy of existentialism, which was arising in that time.
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Křepelka, Petr. „Svobodná vůle ženy v indikaci císařského řezu“. Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278696.
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Currently, Caesarean section is the most commonly indicated procedure. The proportion of caesarean deliveries continues to rise and the spectrum of surgical indications has broadened dramatically. This contemplation focuses on the ethical dilemmas arising during the indication of a Caesarean section: a refusal of a Caesarean section by a pregnant woman when there is a rationally-empirical indication and an enforced Caesarean section. The importance of the woman free will in the process of operating indication closely relates to the issue of the Caesarean section upon request. The assessment of the ethical acceptability of the individual surgical indications is performed on the grounds of confrontation of the pregnant woman's dignity and the dignity of human fetus and subsequently by reflections on theoretical duties and resulting parental responsibilities on the one hand and the right to self-determination of a pregnant women on the other. The fetal dignity is given by its value, attributed to it by the pregnant woman and by the human society. It has always been inferior to the dignity of a pregnant woman. Determining of specific positive duties a pregnant woman has towards the fetus is a very controversial issue and it is impossible to codify them legally despite the unquestionable social character of a...
14
Brinzanik, Dušan. „Živé tělo jako pramen svobody (filosofická studie o původu svobody vůle jakožto skutečnosti i pojmu)“. Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-269620.
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This thesis aims to focus on two different ways of how people think about freedom; the author is convinced they have from the very beginning involved the reasons why they are unable to cope with the possibility of the freedom of will in the world, and to plausibly explain what free will is. One way of thinking is based in such a view of the world that cannot guarantee the possibility of freedom in the world as it is unable to grasp anything like free will with the means it has; the other approach collapses due to the obscure and internally incongruous concept of Self. This leads to expectation of free will, which is unreachable by principle although initially freedom was associated with man and the only aim is to explain how freedom is restricted and how it can be cultivated. What both these approaches have in common is a misleading connection of free will and moral responsibility, which makes it even more difficult for them to form and adequate concept of freedom.
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KOZÁKOVÁ, Barbora. „Vzkříšení a svobodná vůle z pohledu křesťanské gnóze“. Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-79728.
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The thesis describes the relationship between the ancient Gnosticism as we know it from the Nag Hammadi library and as it is described in the works of early church fathers and New Testament. It outlines basic topics similar to all versions of a classical cosmogenic Gnostic myth. The subject of the faith in the resurrection of Jesus Christ and its relationship to the establishing a Church structure is discussed. Another topic is the problem of human free will and that of good and evil and its consequences for human morale. The ways of different understanding to it are presented, based on Old Testament story of Adam and Eve as reffered to in the book of Genesis.
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Dvořáková, Petra. „Proměny chápání role svobodné vůle v dějinách etiky“. Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-270012.
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Cílem této práce bylo ukázat, že v dějinách etiky dochází k proměnám pojetí lidské svobody. Z myšlenek třech významných filosofů vyplývají podobná stanoviska na rozumovou schopnost člověka, která přináší do našeho života další motivy pro jednání. Umožňuje reflexi, zhodnocení vlastního jednání a smýšlení podle představ dobrého a zlého, podle nejen subjektivních, ale i objektivních měřítek zdaru lidského života. Svoboda v podobě lidské vůle a rozum k sobě přistupují různě. Aristoteles dochází k požadavku na člověka, který vůli říká, že má být altruistická, projevovat se v mravném jednání, které je prospěšné pro společnost. Ostatně Aristotelovou základní charakteristikou člověka je, že je určen pro život s ostatními lidmi, takže má uskutečňovat dobro v jejich zájmu, které je také jeho zájmem. Jde o rozumový motiv, kdy jedinec posuzuje své jednání, každý konkrétní čin proto, aby výsledek byl optimální pro něho i pro ostatní
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Glancová, Eliška. „Autonomie vůle v soukromém právu“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338265.
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The principle of autonomy of will is considered to be the crucial principle controlling all private relationships of human life. People in the sense of individuals of private law have opportunity to form their private relationships according to their free will thanks to the autonomy of will, even while within certain predetermined limits. The principle of autonomy of will is closely related to the principle of non-mandatory rule in private law and to the principle of equality, the principle of pacta sunt servanda and to the principle according to a person acts lawfully unless there is a legal rule prohibiting or curtailing that behaviour. The purpose of my thesis is to classify the term autonomy of will in its historical context and its definition in the context of other principles and institutions of private law. The importance of this principle is further illustrated by the specific expressions autonomy of will in our legal system. My thesis is composed of a general part and a special part. The general part is divided into three chapters. Chapter One deals with the historical appearance of autonomy of will from ancient times to modern history, ie from primary manifestations of autonomy of will in the contractual relationships of people to its international establishment. In the chapter Two of the...
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Jirout, Košová Michaela. „Lidový dualismus a dvě konceptuální říše“. Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445882.
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The thesis focuses on the irreducibility of the concept of a person to scientific view of the world. The main inspiration for thematising this specific aspect of folk dualism comes from Donald Davidson (two realms) and Wilfrid Sellars (two images). The theoretical sections are complemented by reflexion on results of empirical studies provided mostly by experimental philosophy in order to demonstrate how this approach benefits attempts to reach complex view of philosophical questions that have close connection to moral dimension of human life. The first chapter addresses a wider concept of self and introduces the idea of the necessity to bring the two conceptual realms on the scene: there is a specific conceptual realm (irreducible to physical realm or scientific image) enabling proper grasp of the concept of a person. The subsequent chapters address particular sub-concepts of the concept of self. The second chapter focuses on the concept of free will, and by referring to different views it points to the necessity to bring folk concepts into consideration. It concludes that the folk concept of free agent is transcendent with regard to scientific accounts and bears certain "supernatural" characteristics connected to the concept of conscious will. The third (and central) chapter brings focus on the...
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Hrybkova, Katsiaryna. „Nietzsche a Dostojevskij. Idea nadčlověka“. Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298069.
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Present thesis aims at revealing both touching points and different points of departure in Nietzsche's and Dostoevsky's concept of superman by using so called philosophical- anthropological approach to the questions matter. It takes into account not only complete context of oeuvre of both authors but also wider cultural and historical context of their time. Basic point of departure of this thesis is expectation of crucial position of man in the oeuvre of Nietzsche and Dostoevsky as well, both understanding man as essentially defined as free to choice. Analysis of characteristics defining essence of man leads after to elaboration of idea of superman - conclusion of final judgement of human beings' essential characteristics and visions of future principle of man. Having closely analysed particular landmarks on the way from man to superman in the form of particular types of relations to each person's being and freedom - last man, upper man and superman (or common and exceptional man) - we are arriving to systematic comparison of motif of superman in the thinking of both authors, to associated concepts (negative and positive freedom, suppression of nihilism and so on) and finally to its general meaning. KEY WORDS F. Nietzsche, F. M. Dostoevsky, superman, freedom, nihilism, upper man, last man, will to...
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VYHLIDALOVÁ, Nikola. „A CLOCKWORK ORANGE: THE SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPLICATIONS OF MUSIC IN BURGESS'S NOVEL AND ITS PRESENTATION IN KUBRICK'S FILM ADAPTATION“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-395034.
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This diploma thesis seeks to provide a thorough analysis of the significance and implications of music in the novel A Clockwork Orange and compare it to the role of music in the film adaptation based on this novel. Anthony Burgess, the author of the novel was an English writer and composer, whose work inspired an American film director Stanley Kubrick to make a film adaptation of the novel. The first part of this thesis deals with the life of the author of the novel, focusing mainly on the influence of music on his life. The thesis further explores the relation between music and man, music and literature, and examines the concept of music in general. The crucial part of the thesis analyses the use and function of music in the novel, provides the interpretation of the novel in terms of music and lastly, it compares the concept of music in the novel with the film adaptation.
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Černá, Venuše. „"Já však zatvrdím jeho srdce a on lid nepropustí" (Ex 4,21b)“. Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353190.
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This thesis "I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go" (Exod 4:21b) deals with the hardening of Pharaoh's heart in the first part of the book of Exodus (Exod 1-15). It seeks to answer the questions of what it means "harden heart", who, when, how and why hardened Pharaoh's heart, what are the implications for Pharaoh (especially whether the Pharaoh could freely change his decision and implement it) and what is God who hardens someone's heart (whether he is not only sovereign and powerful, but also a good, wise and righteous). This thesis includes my own translation, lexical, grammatical, diachronic and synchronic analysis, examination of the text in the context of the Old and New Testament and history of interpretation. Emphasis is placed on the most accurate translation (distinction of three different Hebrew verbs and their semantic nuances, distinction of different verb stems of stative verbs and distinction of description of the condition and change of the condition etc.). The main conclusion of this work is that God not limit Pharaoh's freedom to freely make decisions by "hardening" of his heart, but that he strengthened him that he would be able to freely decide whether to obey the Lord despite increasing pressure of "plagues", and in order to show whether his verbally...
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Houdek, Tomáš. „Člověk ve světle vědy“. Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434786.
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The paper thematizes the concept of science in mid- and late thinking of Friedrich Nietzsche in the context of his understanding of scientific cognition of both: human and its world. The study introduces the problem of science and cognition in general in connection with significant motives of Nietzsche's thinking: morality, the revaluation of all values, thinking and living "beyond good and evil", freedom, human body, the superhuman motive, ascetic ideals, and more. Emphasis is put on the problem of veracity in the context of Nietzsche's attitude to idealism. Keywords Human; Superhuman; Nietzsche; Moral Philosophy; Cognition; Truth; Error; Intelect; Body; The Will to Power; Drive and Instinct; Evolution; Idealism; Nihilism; Amor fati; Beyond Good and Evil; Freedom; Ascetic ideals
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EDL, Tomáš. „Nemožnost (morální) odpovědnosti u Galena Strawsona“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364753.
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In this thesis I attempt to introduce Galen Strawson's position, which he adopts in the free will debate followed by the debate about his Basic Argument. While giving a de-tailed account of responsibility as a reflective rational responsiveness, I show that re-sponsibility is in no respect causa sui and therefore it is not impossible for human beings to reach it, explained with the reasons given by Strawson. I refuse steps B, C, 8, 9 and 10 of the Basic Argument. I claim that undetermined self-determination consists in the ability to make a decision in the light of actually revised principles of choice. Such revision is granted by actual ability to reflect the validity and adequacy of principles of choice in relation to motivating values in question by using methodical doubt as a universal tool do to so. Such reflection, with respect to what matters for decision making in question, is potentially ultimate. I claim that Strawson underestimates the uniqueness of reflective rationality especially, when missing the crucial difference between Fido the dog and Nemo the man in the situation of choice. Moreover, I suspect Strawson of excluding the subject of action or choice and its actual principles of choice from the realm of intelligible things. This leads to disruption of request to conception of the world as internally consistent and in principle attainable by human beings. Finally, I show why I find sophisticated fatalism problematic in both of its versions, deterministic as well as indeterministic.
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TOMANDL, Antonín. „Zlo jako privace - Pojetí zla mezi sv. Augustinem a Plotínem“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-375702.
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The questions about the origin of evil in the world were often a secondary product of the great philosophical systems. One of the first thinkers to deal with that problem systematically was neoplatonic scholar Plotinus. He developed a theory which he considered to be only a continuation of Plato´s thinking. It became an original theory, which in its core, has influence to this day. This theory was, mostly thanks to St. Augustine, applied to christian theology and became the living doctrine. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate in what Plotinus´ theory of evil was "christianized" through the hand of Augustin. In other words, how it trasformed from a pagan philosophy to a theological one and how it was preserved for rediscovery in the scholastic era and became a new-again topic of scholastic scholars.
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BLOUDKOVÁ, Jana. „Cíl činnosti dítěte mladšího školního věku jako výchovný cíl v oblasti volnočasové výchovy“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-375843.
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This thesis examines the possibilities of linking the interest in a child (a participant in interest education in the field of education of leisure) with the interest in achieving the goals of various leisure education activities, as well as the goals being (co)determined by the child itself. The thesis strives to find the solution in a method in which an activity goal of the child is transformed into a goal of the tutor with the intention of encouraging the child's personal development. The thesis is divided into four chapters.The first chapter deals with educational goals and the goals of leisure education.The following chapter explores the goals of education as set by various pedagogical conceptions and alternative approaches to the isme. The third chapter acquaints the reader with the psychological potential of the target group.The last chapter is dedicated to the growth of child's potential, its ability of free choice and decision making, expressions of creativity, and the "flow" state.
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Novák, Lukáš. „Role empatie v etickém jednání“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-384334.
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More than two hundred years ago David Hume together with his fellow philosopher Adam Smith posited, that ethical behaviour arises from so called: "moral sense". In the other words, they share the same idea, that passions are principle evoking and guiding human behaviour. Hume claim: "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions" (…). It is possible that this statement - among others - woke up from the 'dogmatic dream' one of the greatest philosophers of all time - Immanuel Kant, who propose, - contrary to Hume - that reason but not necessary passions can determinate human actions. In the question of what rule the passions in ethics have, it seems to be helpful to use the knowledge which follows from recent science. During this thesis we will use methods such as: comparison, analysis and synthesis. Main aim of this thesis will be to deal with the following question: what relationship can be observed between empathy, "moral sense" and ethical behaviour in perspective of recent science. This enquiry will therefore try to deal with the old question: what the the relationship between reason, passions and ethical behaviour is.