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1
Perera, Kalpani Y., Amit K. Jaiswal und Swarna Jaiswal. „Biopolymer-Based Sustainable Food Packaging Materials: Challenges, Solutions, and Applications“. Foods 12, Nr. 12 (20.06.2023): 2422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12122422.
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Biopolymer-based packaging materials have become of greater interest to the world due to their biodegradability, renewability, and biocompatibility. In recent years, numerous biopolymers—such as starch, chitosan, carrageenan, polylactic acid, etc.—have been investigated for their potential application in food packaging. Reinforcement agents such as nanofillers and active agents improve the properties of the biopolymers, making them suitable for active and intelligent packaging. Some of the packaging materials, e.g., cellulose, starch, polylactic acid, and polybutylene adipate terephthalate, are currently used in the packaging industry. The trend of using biopolymers in the packaging industry has increased immensely; therefore, many legislations have been approved by various organizations. This review article describes various challenges and possible solutions associated with food packaging materials. It covers a wide range of biopolymers used in food packaging and the limitations of using them in their pure form. Finally, a SWOT analysis is presented for biopolymers, and the future trends are discussed. Biopolymers are eco-friendly, biodegradable, nontoxic, renewable, and biocompatible alternatives to synthetic packaging materials. Research shows that biopolymer-based packaging materials are of great essence in combined form, and further studies are needed for them to be used as an alternative packaging material.
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Soldo, Antonio, und Marta Miletic. „Durability against Wetting-Drying Cycles of Sustainable Biopolymer-Treated Soil“. Polymers 14, Nr. 19 (10.10.2022): 4247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194247.
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The world today is more oriented towards sustainable and environmental-friendly solutions in every field of science, technology, and engineering. Therefore, novel sustainable and eco-friendly approaches for soil improvement have also emerged. One of the effective, promising, and green solutions is the utilization of biopolymers. However, even though the biopolymers proved to be effective in enhancing the soil-mechanical properties, it is still unknown how they behave under real environmental conditions, such as fluctuating temperatures, moisture, plants, microorganisms, to name a few. The main research aim is to investigate the durability of biopolymer-improved soil on the cyclic processes of wetting and drying. Two types of biopolymers (Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum), and two types of soils (clean sand and silty sand) were investigated in this study. The results indicated that some biopolymer-amended specimens kept more than 70% of their original mass during wetting-drying cycles. During the compressive strength analysis, some biopolymer-treated specimens kept up to 45% of their initial strength during seven wetting-drying cycles. Furthermore, this study showed that certain damaged soil-biopolymer bonds could be restored with proper treatment. Repeating the process of wetting and drying can reactivate the bonding properties of biopolymers, which amends the broken bonds in soil. The regenerative property of biopolymers is an important feature that should not be neglected. It gives a clearer picture of the biopolymer utilization and makes it a good option for rapid temporary construction or long-standing construction in the areas with an arid climate.
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Nazrun, Touha, Md Kamrul Hassan, Md Delwar Hossain, Bulbul Ahmed, Md Rayhan Hasnat und Swapan Saha. „Application of Biopolymers as Sustainable Cladding Materials: A Review“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 1 (19.12.2023): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010027.
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The application of biopolymer materials in cladding presents a promising avenue for enhancing building sustainability, while addressing the limitations of conventional synthetic polymers. Cladding serves a dual purpose of protection and aesthetics for buildings, but increasing global energy consumption and environmental concerns necessitate the adoption of sustainable practices. The construction sector’s substantial energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions highlight the urgent need for sustainable building materials. Conventional cladding materials often lack sustainability and environmental compatibility. Biopolymers, derived from living organisms or by-products, offer a potential solution with their biodegradability, renewability, and low embodied energy. These materials can revolutionise cladding practices by providing eco-friendly alternatives aligned with sustainable construction demands. Integrating biopolymers with synthetic polymers can enhance material biodegradability, contributing to overall degradation. Prominent biopolymers like PLA, PHAs, starch-based polymers, cellulose, PHB, and PBS exhibit biodegradability and sustainability, positioning them in the front rank for cladding applications. Despite significant research in biopolymer applications in different fields, there is limited research to identify the application and limitations of biopolymers as building cladding materials. This review paper aims to bridge the research gaps by comprehensively analysing diverse biopolymer cladding materials based on their properties and exploring their cross-domain utility, thereby highlighting their transformative role in sustainable construction practices. The expanding biopolymer market in building cladding materials underscores their potential to drive innovation, with projected growth emphasising their importance.
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MAAN, SHEETAL, ANUSHREE JATRANA, VINAY KUMAR, MEENA SINDHU und SANCHIT MONDAL. „Chlorpyrifos Release Kinetics from Citric Acid Crosslinked Biopolymeric Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Approach“. Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, Nr. 11 (31.10.2023): 2822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.30755.
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Biopolymer based nanoformulation was synthesized by using microwave assisted nano-precipitaion method. The biopolymers consist of chitosan and guar gum were crosslinked using citric acid in order to encapsulate chlorpyrifos pesticide. The successful synthesis of chlorpyrifos containing nano-formulations was thoroughly examined, where the surface morphology examined by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) has established the loading of chlorpyrifos in the biopolymeric matrix, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination revealed the spherical shaped particles of about 234 nm and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has confirmed the crosslinking between two biopolymers through citric acid due to the presence of peaks corresponding to ester linkages at 1730 cm-1. The encapsulation efficiency of chlorpyrifos at pH 7 and 30 ºC was around 50%. The successfully synthesized chlorpyrifos loaded biopolymeric nano-formulation were further utilized to study the release behaviour of chlorpyrifos in water and biocompatibility towards soil microbiota. The release of chlorpyrifos was almost 15% slower than conventional chlorpyrifos and the formulation was found biocompatible towards microbiota.
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Baranwal, Jaya, Brajesh Barse, Antonella Fais, Giovanna Lucia Delogu und Amit Kumar. „Biopolymer: A Sustainable Material for Food and Medical Applications“. Polymers 14, Nr. 5 (28.02.2022): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050983.
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Biopolymers are a leading class of functional material suitable for high-value applications and are of great interest to researchers and professionals across various disciplines. Interdisciplinary research is important to understand the basic and applied aspects of biopolymers to address several complex problems associated with good health and well-being. To reduce the environmental impact and dependence on fossil fuels, a lot of effort has gone into replacing synthetic polymers with biodegradable materials, especially those derived from natural resources. In this regard, many types of natural or biopolymers have been developed to meet the needs of ever-expanding applications. These biopolymers are currently used in food applications and are expanding their use in the pharmaceutical and medical industries due to their unique properties. This review focuses on the various uses of biopolymers in the food and medical industry and provides a future outlook for the biopolymer industry.
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Patel, Nidhiben, und Dagnija Blumberga. „Insights of Bioeconomy: Biopolymer Evaluation Based on Sustainability Criteria“. Environmental and Climate Technologies 27, Nr. 1 (01.01.2023): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2023-0025.
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Abstract Sustainable development in the agriculture sector can be boosted by integrating a sustainable bioeconomy and transforming renewable resources into added-value products. There are various methods to determine, measure, and compare the extent of sustainability. We promote the bioeconomy concept by utilizing agricultural waste in biopolymers considering the sustainable development in the agriculture sector. This research aims to evaluate biopolymer alternatives based on sustainability criteria and indicators using the integrated multi-criteria decision analysis approach under the sustainability umbrella. We evaluated the PLA, PHA/PHB, starch, protein, and cellulose-based biopolymers. As a result, the cellulose-based biopolymer shows the best performance. The research findings provide valuable information to establish a sustainable pathway for biopolymer production for industries.
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Kumar, M. Ashok, Arif Ali Baig Moghal, Kopparthi Venkata Vydehi und Abdullah Almajed. „Embodied Energy in the Production of Guar and Xanthan Biopolymers and Their Cross-Linking Effect in Enhancing the Geotechnical Properties of Cohesive Soil“. Buildings 13, Nr. 9 (10.09.2023): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092304.
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Traditional soil stabilization techniques, such as cement and lime, are known for their menacing effect on the environment through heavy carbon emissions. Sustainable soil stabilization methods are grabbing attention, and the utilization of biopolymers is surely one among them. Recent studies proved the efficiency of biopolymers in enhancing the geotechnical properties to meet the requirements of the construction industry. The suitability of biopolymer application in different soils is still unexplored, and the carbon footprint analysis (CFA) of biopolymers is crucial in promoting the biopolymers as a promising sustainable soil stabilization method. This study attempts to investigate the out-turn of cross-linked biopolymer on soils exhibiting different plasticity characteristics (Medium & High compressibility) and to determine the Embodied carbon factor (ECF) for the selected biopolymers. Guar (G) and Xanthan (X) biopolymers were cross-linked at different proportions to enhance the geotechnical properties of soils. Atterberg’s limits, Compaction characteristics, and Unconfined Compressive Strength were chosen as performance indicators, and their values were analyzed at different combinations of biopolymers before and after cross-linking. The test results have shown that Atterberg’s limits of the soils increased with the addition of biopolymers, and it is attributed to the formation of hydrogels in the soil matrix. Compaction test results reveal that the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of biopolymer-modified soil increased, and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) reduced due to the resistance offered by hydrogel against compaction effort. Soils amended with biopolymers and cured for 14, 28, and 60 days have shown an appreciable improvement in Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) results. Microlevel analysis was carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) to formulate the mechanism responsible for the alteration in targeted performance indicators due to the cross-linking of biopolymers in the soil. The embodied energy in the production of both Guar and Xanthan biopolymers was calculated, and the obtained ECF values were 0.087 and 1.67, respectively.
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Annu, Annu, Mona Mittal, Smriti Tripathi und Dong Kil Shin. „Biopolymeric Nanocomposites for Wastewater Remediation: An Overview on Recent Progress and Challenges“. Polymers 16, Nr. 2 (21.01.2024): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16020294.
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Essential for human development, water is increasingly polluted by diverse anthropogenic activities, containing contaminants like organic dyes, acids, antibiotics, inorganic salts, and heavy metals. Conventional methods fall short, prompting the exploration of advanced, cost-effective remediation. Recent research focuses on sustainable adsorption, with nano-modifications enhancing adsorbent efficacy against persistent waterborne pollutants. This review delves into recent advancements (2020–2023) in sustainable biopolymeric nanocomposites, spotlighting the applications of biopolymers like chitosan in wastewater remediation, particularly as adsorbents and filtration membranes along with their mechanism. The advantages and drawbacks of various biopolymers have also been discussed along with their modification in synthesizing biopolymeric nanocomposites by combining the benefits of biodegradable polymers and nanomaterials for enhanced physiochemical and mechanical properties for their application in wastewater treatment. The important functions of biopolymeric nanocomposites by adsorbing, removing, and selectively targeting contaminants, contributing to the purification and sustainable management of water resources, have also been elaborated on. Furthermore, it outlines the reusability and current challenges for the further exploration of biopolymers in this burgeoning field for environmental applications.
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Ahmad, Noormazlinah, Abdurahman Nour Hamid und Adil M. Osman. „A Review Study on the Potential of Microalgae Biomass Producing Biopolymer Material“. Current Science and Technology 2, Nr. 2 (15.06.2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/cst.v2i2.9413.
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This review focuses on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. Microalgae have gained attention as a sustainable and renewable source of energy and other useful products such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. One promising application of microalgae is as a source of biopolymers, which can be used as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. The review is conducted through a comprehensive search of electronic databases, screening of relevant articles, and synthesis of information obtained from the selected studies. The review also critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of the existing research on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. The outcomes in this review highlights key findings related to the potential applications of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymers and identifies areas for future research. The conclusions and recommendations of this review are important for guiding the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly biopolymer materials.
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Lemboye, Kehinde, und Abdullah Almajed. „Effect of Varying Curing Conditions on the Strength of Biopolymer Modified Sand“. Polymers 15, Nr. 7 (28.03.2023): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071678.
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Recently, the improvement of the engineering properties of soil has been centered on using sustainable and eco-friendly materials. This study investigates the efficacy of three biopolymers: Acacia, sodium alginate, and pectin, on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of dune sand. The UCS test measured the effects of the biopolymer type and concentration, curing intervals and temperature, and moisture loss. The changes in the morphology caused by the biopolymer addition were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that the UCS of the biopolymer-modified sand increased with biopolymer concentration and curing intervals. Varying the curing temperature from 25–110 °C, slightly affected the strength of the acacia-modified sand specimen, increased that of the sodium alginate-modified sand specimen up to a temperature of 85 °C, and continued to decrease that of the pectin-modified sand specimen as the temperature was increased from 25 to 110 °C. The SEM images indicated that the biopolymer’s presence within the sand pores significantly contributed to the strength. Bond decomposition occurs at temperatures greater than 110 °C for sodium alginate and pectin-modified sands, whereas bonds remain stable at higher temperatures for the acacia-modified sand. In conclusion, all three biopolymers show potential as robust and economic dune stabilisers.
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Helim, Rabiaa, Ali Zazoua und Hafsa Korri-Youssoufi. „Sustainable Biopolymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Trace Heavy Metal Determination in Water: A Comprehensive Review“. Chemosensors 12, Nr. 12 (17.12.2024): 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12120267.
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The growing concern over heavy metal contamination in environmental and industrial settings has intensified the need for sensitive, selective, and cost-effective detection technologies. Electrochemical sensors, due to their high sensitivity, rapid response, and portability, have emerged as promising tools for detecting heavy metals. Recent years have seen significant progress in utilizing biopolymer-based materials to enhance the performance of these sensors. Biopolymers, derived from renewable raw materials, have garnered considerable interest in both science and industry. These biopolymer-based composites are increasingly recognized as superior alternatives to conventional non-biodegradable materials because of their ability to degrade through environmental exposure. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in biopolymer-based electrochemical sensors for heavy metal detection. It discusses various types of biopolymers and bio-sourced polymers, their extraction methods, and chemical properties. Additionally, it highlights the state of the art in applying biopolymers to electrochemical sensor development for heavy metal detection, synthesizing recent advances and offering insights into design principles, fabrication strategies, and analytical performance. This review underscores the potential of biopolymer-based sensors as cost-effective, eco-friendly, and efficient tools for addressing the pressing issue of heavy metal contamination in water and discusses their advantages and limitations. It also outlines future research directions to further enhance the performance and applicability of these sensors.
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Saini, Sakshi, Teena Saini, Vratika Verma und Jagram Meena. „Studies on biopolymer -Based Nanocomposites reinforced with metallic Nanoparticles“. Acta Biology Forum 4, Nr. 2 (08.07.2024): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/abf.2024.4.2.06.
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Advancements in biopolymer-metallic nanocomposites have led to diverse applications, including drug delivery, biosensing, bone regeneration, solar cells, and supercapacitors. This development supports sustainable progress through a biomimetic approach where the integration of metallic nanoparticles plays a crucial role. This paper reviews how functionalizing metallic nanoparticles using various methods can prevent agglomeration and enhance the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of biopolymers. It details the improvements in properties and potential applications achieved by the incorporation of metal-based nanofillers into biodegradable biopolymers. The benefits of metallic nanoparticles such as their high aspect ratio, biocompatibility, low density, and high mechanical strength are highlighted as key factors in boosting biopolymer performance. The review summarizes the mechanism and structural changes in biopolymers to provide researchers with insights into these elements.
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Jurić, Slaven, Marina Jurić, Anet Režek Jambrak und Marko Vinceković. „Tailoring Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles Loaded with Chemical and Biological Agents for Agricultural Application and Production of Value-Added Foods“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 9 (29.04.2021): 4061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094061.
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This work reviews the recent development of biopolymer-based delivery systems for agricultural application. Encapsulation into biopolymer microparticles ensures the protection and targeted delivery of active agents while offering controlled release with higher efficiency and environmental safety for ecological and sustainable plant production. Encapsulation of biological agents provides protection and increases its survivability while providing an environment safe for growth. The application of microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents presents an innovative way to stimulate plant metabolites synthesis. This enhances plants’ defense against pests and pathogens and results in the production of higher quality food (i.e., higher plant metabolites share). Ionic gelation was presented as a sustainable method in developing biopolymeric microparticles based on the next-generation biopolymers alginate and chitosan. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of advanced formulations against conventional ones. The significance of plant metabolites stimulation and their importance in functional food production is also pointed out. This review offers guidelines in developing biopolymeric microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents and guidelines for the application in plant production, underlining its effect on the plant metabolites synthesis.
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Avila, Luisa Bataglin, Carlos Schnorr, Luis F. O. Silva, Marcilio Machado Morais, Caroline Costa Moraes, Gabriela Silveira da Rosa, Guilherme L. Dotto, Éder C. Lima und Mu Naushad. „Trends in Bioactive Multilayer Films: Perspectives in the Use of Polysaccharides, Proteins, and Carbohydrates with Natural Additives for Application in Food Packaging“. Foods 12, Nr. 8 (19.04.2023): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081692.
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The harmful effects on the environment caused by the indiscriminate use of synthetic plastics and the inadequate management of post-consumer waste have given rise to efforts to redirect this consumption to bio-based economic models. In this sense, using biopolymers to produce materials is a reality for food packaging companies searching for technologies that allow these materials to compete with those from synthetic sources. This review paper focused on the recent trends in multilayer films with the perspective of using biopolymers and natural additives for application in food packaging. Firstly, the recent developments in the area were presented concisely. Then, the main biopolymers used (gelatin, chitosan, zein, polylactic acid) and main methods for multilayer film preparation were discussed, including the layer-by-layer, casting, compression, extrusion, and electrospinning methods. Furthermore, we highlighted the bioactive compounds and how they are inserted in the multilayer systems to form active biopolymeric food packaging. Furthermore, the advantages and drawbacks of multilayer packaging development are also discussed. Finally, the main trends and challenges in using multilayer systems are presented. Therefore, this review aims to bring updated information in an innovative approach to current research on food packaging materials, focusing on sustainable resources such as biopolymers and natural additives. In addition, it proposes viable production routes for improving the market competitiveness of biopolymer materials against synthetic materials.
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Sharma, Mohit, Nihed Tellili, Imen Kacem und Tarek Rouissi. „Microbial Biopolymers: From Production to Environmental Applications—A Review“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 12 (11.06.2024): 5081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14125081.
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Industrial evolution and agricultural expansion, explained by continuing population growth, have rendered enormous problems for the world throughout the past few decades, primarily because of waste generation. To reduce environmental impact and dependence on fossil fuels, scientists have explored replacing synthetic polymers with environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives in many emergent applications. In this regard, microbial biopolymers have gained special attention. Many biopolymers originating from various strains of bacteria, fungi, and algae have been reported and their possible applications have increased rapidly. This review focuses on the wide range of microbial biopolymers, their characteristics, and factors influencing their production. The present study also describes the environmental applications of microbial biopolymers. The use of these biopolymers is very attractive as a value-added and sustainable approach to wastewater treatment. By acting as adsorbents, coagulants, and flocculants as well as filters in membrane processes, microbial biopolymers shine as promising solutions beyond conventional methods. They can be integrated into various stages of the treatment process, further enhancing the efficiency of wastewater treatment methods. Microbial biopolymer applications in bioremediation and soil stabilization are also reviewed. Several studies have demonstrated the strong potential of biopolymers in soil improvement due to their ability to minimize permeability, eliminate heavy metals, stabilize soil, and limit erosion. Challenges related to scaling up and the downstream processing of microbial biopolymers, as well as its future perspectives in environmental applications, are also discussed.
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Friuli, Marco, Rebecca Pellegrino, Leonardo Lamanna, Paola Nitti, Marta Madaghiele und Christian Demitri. „Materials Engineering to Help Pest Control: A Narrative Overview of Biopolymer-Based Entomopathogenic Fungi Formulations“. Journal of Fungi 9, Nr. 9 (12.09.2023): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9090918.
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Biopolymer-based formulations show great promise in enhancing the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi as bioinsecticides. Chitosan and starch, among other biopolymers, have been utilized to improve spore delivery, persistence, and adherence to target insects. These formulations offer advantages such as target specificity, eco-friendliness, and sustainability. However, challenges related to production costs, stability, and shelf life need to be addressed. Recently, biomimetic lure and kill approaches based on biopolymers offer cost-effective solutions by leveraging natural attractants. Further research is needed to optimize these formulations and overcome challenges. Biopolymer-based formulations have the potential to revolutionize pest control practices, providing environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions for agriculture.
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Wronka, Anita, und Grzegorz Kowaluk. „Multiphase Biopolymers Enriched with Suberin Extraction Waste: Impact on Properties and Sustainable Development“. Materials 17, Nr. 22 (09.11.2024): 5472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17225472.
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This manuscript explores the development of sustainable biopolymer composites using suberin extraction waste, specifically suberinic acid residues (SAR), as a 10% (w/w) reinforcing additive in polylactide (PLA) and thermoplastic starch–polylactide blends (M30). The materials were subjected to a detailed analysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to assess their thermal, mechanical, and structural properties. The study confirmed the amorphous nature of the biopolymers and highlighted how SAR significantly influences their degradation behavior and thermal stability. M30 exhibited a multi-step degradation process with an initial decomposition temperature (T5%) of 207.2 °C, while PLA showed a higher thermal resistance with decomposition starting at 263.1 °C. Mechanical performance was assessed through storage modulus (E′) measurements, showing reductions with increasing temperature for both materials. The research provides insights into the potential application of SAR-enriched biopolymers in sustainable material development, aligning with circular economy principles. These findings not only suggest that SAR incorporation could enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of biopolymers, but also confirm the effectiveness of the research in reassurance of the audience.
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Teleky, Bernadette-Emőke, und Dan Cristian Vodnar. „Recent Advances in Biotechnological Itaconic Acid Production, and Application for a Sustainable Approach“. Polymers 13, Nr. 20 (16.10.2021): 3574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203574.
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Intense research has been conducted to produce environmentally friendly biopolymers obtained from renewable feedstock to substitute fossil-based materials. This is an essential aspect for implementing the circular bioeconomy strategy, expressly declared by the European Commission in 2018 in terms of “repair, reuse, and recycling”. Competent carbon-neutral alternatives are renewable biomass waste for chemical element production, with proficient recyclability properties. Itaconic acid (IA) is a valuable platform chemical integrated into the first 12 building block compounds the achievement of which is feasible from renewable biomass or bio-wastes (agricultural, food by-products, or municipal organic waste) in conformity with the US Department of Energy. IA is primarily obtained through fermentation with Aspergillus terreus, but nowadays several microorganisms are genetically engineered to produce this organic acid in high quantities and on different substrates. Given its trifunctional structure, IA allows the synthesis of various novel biopolymers, such as drug carriers, intelligent food packaging, antimicrobial biopolymers, hydrogels in water treatment and analysis, and superabsorbent polymers binding agents. In addition, IA shows antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activity. Moreover, this biopolymer retains qualities like environmental effectiveness, biocompatibility, and sustainability. This manuscript aims to address the production of IA from renewable sources to create a sustainable circular economy in the future. Moreover, being an essential monomer in polymer synthesis it possesses a continuous provocation in the biopolymer chemistry domain and technologies, as defined in the present review.
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Diyana, Z. N., R. Jumaidin, Mohd Zulkefli Selamat, Ihwan Ghazali, Norliza Julmohammad, Nurul Huda und R. A. Ilyas. „Physical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Derived from Natural Resources and Its Blends: A Review“. Polymers 13, Nr. 9 (26.04.2021): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091396.
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Thermoplastic starch composites have attracted significant attention due to the rise of environmental pollutions induced by the use of synthetic petroleum-based polymer materials. The degradation of traditional plastics requires an unusually long time, which may lead to high cost and secondary pollution. To solve these difficulties, more petroleum-based plastics should be substituted with sustainable bio-based plastics. Renewable and natural materials that are abundant in nature are potential candidates for a wide range of polymers, which can be used to replace their synthetic counterparts. This paper focuses on some aspects of biopolymers and their classes, providing a description of starch as a main component of biopolymers, composites, and potential applications of thermoplastics starch-based in packaging application. Currently, biopolymer composites blended with other components have exhibited several enhanced qualities. The same behavior is also observed when natural fibre is incorporated with biopolymers. However, it should be noted that the degree of compatibility between starch and other biopolymers extensively varies depending on the specific biopolymer. Although their efficacy is yet to reach the level of their fossil fuel counterparts, biopolymers have made a distinguishing mark, which will continue to inspire the creation of novel substances for many years to come.
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Bose, Ipsheta, Nousheen, Swarup Roy, Pallvi Yaduvanshi, Somesh Sharma, Vinay Chandel und Deblina Biswas. „Unveiling the Potential of Marine Biopolymers: Sources, Classification, and Diverse Food Applications“. Materials 16, Nr. 13 (05.07.2023): 4840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134840.
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Environmental concerns regarding the usage of nonrenewable materials are driving up the demand for biodegradable marine biopolymers. Marine biopolymers are gaining increasing attention as sustainable alternatives in various industries, including the food sector. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of marine biopolymers and their applications in the food industry. Marine sources are given attention as innovative resources for the production of sea-originated biopolymers, such as agar, alginate, chitin/chitosan, and carrageenan, which are safe, biodegradable, and are widely employed in a broad spectrum of industrial uses. This article begins by discussing the diverse source materials of marine biopolymers, which encompass biopolymers derived from seaweed and marine animals. It explores the unique characteristics and properties of these biopolymers, highlighting their potential for food applications. Furthermore, this review presents a classification of marine biopolymers, categorizing them based on their chemical composition and structural properties. This classification provides a framework for understanding the versatility and functionality of different marine biopolymers in food systems. This article also delves into the various food applications of marine biopolymers across different sectors, including meat, milk products, fruits, and vegetables. Thus, the motive of this review article is to offer a brief outline of (a) the source materials of marine biopolymers, which incorporates marine biopolymers derived from seaweed and marine animals, (b) a marine biopolymer classification, and (c) the various food applications in different food systems such as meat, milk products, fruits, and vegetables.
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De Luca, Stefano, Daniel Milanese, Duccio Gallichi-Nottiani, Antonella Cavazza und Corrado Sciancalepore. „Poly(lactic acid) and Its Blends for Packaging Application: A Review“. Clean Technologies 5, Nr. 4 (10.11.2023): 1304–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol5040066.
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Biopolymers obtained from renewable resources are an interesting alternative to conventional polymers obtained from fossil resources, as they are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester produced from 100% renewable plant resources and plays a key role in the biopolymer market, and is experiencing ever-increasing use worldwide. Unfortunately, this biopolymer has some usage limitations when compared with traditional polymers; therefore, blending it with other biopolymers, such as poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA), poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) and different poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA), is considered an interesting method to improve it significantly, customize its properties and extend the range of its applications. The following review highlights, in its first part, the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of PLA in comparison to the other biopolymers listed above, highlighting the various drawbacks of PLA. The second part of the review deals with recent developments, results, and perspectives in the field of PLA-based blends.
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Popović, Kosana, Slađana Živanović und Ivana Jevtić. „Biopolymer Packaging Materials in the Pharmaceutical Industry“. AIDASCO Reviews 2, Nr. 1 (02.02.2024): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59783/aire.2024.43.
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Biopolymer packaging materials are gaining prominence in the pharmaceutical industry due to environmental concerns. Derived from renewable sources, these biopolymers offer biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, making them ideal for various pharmaceutical applications. In drug delivery, biopolymers play a crucial role in controlled release formulations, especially for personalized medicines and biopharmaceutical products. Hydrogels, three-dimensional polymer networks, are key in mimicking living tissues and facilitating stimuli-responsive drug release with minimal toxic effects. The formulation strategies involve diffusion-controlled, degradation-controlled, or environmentally triggered release. Biodegradable systems, using polymers like poly(lactic acid) and poly(glycolic acid), contribute to sustainable drug delivery by undergoing controlled degradation. Osmotic delivery systems leverage osmotic pressure for controlled drug release, while stimuli-responsive designs respond to environmental changes. Biopolymer integration in pharmaceutical packaging aligns with eco-friendly practices, addressing challenges posed by traditional petroleum-based materials. This shift signifies a sustainable and innovative approach to pharmaceutical packaging in harmony with environmental preservation.
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Tung, Ngo Trinh, Tran Thi Y Nhi, Trinh Duc Cong, Tran Thi Thanh Hop und Dang Thi Mai. „Nanocellulose as promising reinforcement materials for biopolymer nanocomposites: a review“. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 62, Nr. 2 (19.04.2024): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/18831.
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Abstract. A green and sustainable development in world is important and it needs to further strengthen at the moment. In this aspect, biopolymers, biopolymers nanocomposites with biodegradable properties are the best way for this purpose. Nanocellulose (NC) is a biopolymer and can be produced from natural resources like various plant species and agricultural waste products including rice husk, tea leaves, sugarcane bagasse and so forth. Due to their special properties such as biodegradability, renewability, biocompability, low cost and outstanding mechanical capabilities, NC have gained increased research and application interests. This review provided detail information about the production, structure and properties of NC. The usage of NC as reinforcement materials for different types of biopolymers are presented in the review. The surface modification of NC for better dispersion and better interaction of NCs in polymer matrices, the mechanical and thermal properties of the NC biopolymers nanocomposites are discussed.
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Dakshinamoorthi, Balakumaran Manickam, Uma Adaikalavan, Ananth Chinnarasu, Nithya Krishnan und Swetha Jothiraman. „Polyhydroxybutyrates: A Sustainable Alternative for Synthetic Polymers“. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 21, Nr. 3 (30.09.2024): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3269.
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Over the past decade, petroleum-based plastics have emerged as a significant concern, disrupting normal human life cycles. The adverse impacts of synthetic plastics on living organisms include their accumulation in both marine and terrestrial habitats, lack of proper disposal methods, slow biodegradation rates, and absence of natural degradation processes. Consequently, researchers have been driven to develop eco-friendly polymers that pose minimal harm to the environment. Among the most prevalent alternatives to synthetic plastics are biopolymers, with Polyhydroxybutyrates standing out as a widely used example due to its properties suitable for replacing conventional plastics. Biopolymers offer solutions to the drawbacks of synthetic plastics. When biopolymers are released into the environment, they do not generate toxic chemicals that harm living organisms. These biopolymers are already in use in various industries. Through this review, we would understand the usage of these biopolymers in various industries.
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Joshi, Jnanada Shrikant, Sarah Vanessa Langwald, Andrea Ehrmann und Lilia Sabantina. „Algae-Based Biopolymers for Batteries and Biofuel Applications in Comparison with Bacterial Biopolymers—A Review“. Polymers 16, Nr. 5 (23.02.2024): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16050610.
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Algae-based biopolymers can be used in diverse energy-related applications, such as separators and polymer electrolytes in batteries and fuel cells and also as microalgal biofuel, which is regarded as a highly renewable energy source. For these purposes, different physical, thermochemical, and biochemical properties are necessary, which are discussed within this review, such as porosity, high temperature resistance, or good mechanical properties for batteries and high energy density and abundance of the base materials in case of biofuel, along with the environmental aspects of using algae-based biopolymers in these applications. On the other hand, bacterial biopolymers are also often used in batteries as bacterial cellulose separators or as biopolymer network binders, besides their potential use as polymer electrolytes. In addition, they are also regarded as potential sustainable biofuel producers and converters. This review aims at comparing biopolymers from both aforementioned sources for energy conversion and storage. Challenges regarding the production of algal biopolymers include low scalability and low cost-effectiveness, and for bacterial polymers, slow growth rates and non-optimal fermentation processes often cause challenges. On the other hand, environmental benefits in comparison with conventional polymers and the better biodegradability are large advantages of these biopolymers, which suggest further research to make their production more economical.
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Hu, Xuanjun, Chao Lu, Howyn Tang, Hossein Pouri, Etienne Joulin und Jin Zhang. „Active Food Packaging Made of Biopolymer-Based Composites“. Materials 16, Nr. 1 (28.12.2022): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010279.
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Food packaging plays a vital role in protecting food products from environmental damage and preventing contamination from microorganisms. Conventional food packaging made of plastics produced from unrenewable fossil resources is hard to degrade and poses a negative impact on environmental sustainability. Natural biopolymers are attracting interest for reducing environmental problems to achieve a sustainable society, because of their abundance, biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical stability, and non-toxicity. Active packaging systems composed of these biopolymers and biopolymer-based composites go beyond simply acting as a barrier to maintain food quality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural biopolymer materials used as matrices for food packaging. The antioxidant, water barrier, and oxygen barrier properties of these composites are compared and discussed. Furthermore, biopolymer-based composites integrated with antimicrobial agents—such as inorganic nanostructures and natural products—are reviewed, and the related mechanisms are discussed in terms of antimicrobial function. In summary, composites used for active food packaging systems can inhibit microbial growth and maintain food quality.
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Martínez-Arcos, Andrea, Mònica Reig, José Manuel Cruz, José Luis Cortina, Ana Belén Moldes und Xanel Vecino. „Evaluation of Calcium Alginate-Based Biopolymers as Potential Component of Membranes for Recovering Biosurfactants from Corn Steep Water“. Water 13, Nr. 17 (31.08.2021): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172396.
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Corn steep water (CSW) is a complex agro-food stream that is used as a source of cost-competitive biosurfactants, since they are produced spontaneously in the steeping process of corn, avoiding production costs. Nevertheless, the extraction of biosurfactants from CSW using sustainable processes is still a challenge. Consequently, the use of calcium alginate membranes could present a novel and sustainable technology for recovering biosurfactants from aqueous streams. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate calcium alginate-based biopolymers, without and with the presence of grape marc as an additive, as a key component of membranes for the recovery of biosurfactants in corn steep water. Biosurfactants are present in CSW, together with other inorganic solutes and biomolecules, such as organic acids, sugars, cations, anions as well as metals. Hence, the competition of these mentioned compounds for the active sites of the calcium alginate-based biopolymers was high. However, they showed a good adsorption capacity for biosurfactants, recovering around 55 ± 2% and 47 ± 1%, of biosurfactants from CSW using both calcium alginate-based biopolymers, with and without biodegraded grape marc. Regarding adsorption capacity, it was 54.8 ± 0.6 mg biosurfactant/g bioadsorbent for the biopolymer containing grape marc, and 46.8 ± 0.4 mg biosurfactant/g bioadsorbent for the calcium alginate-based biopolymer alone. Based on these results, it could be postulated that the formulation of green membranes, based on calcium alginate-based polymers, could be an interesting alternative for the recovery of biosurfactants from aqueous streams including CSW.
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Gebke, Stefan, Katrin Thümmler, Rodolphe Sonnier, Sören Tech, Andre Wagenführ und Steffen Fischer. „Suitability and Modification of Different Renewable Materials as Feedstock for Sustainable Flame Retardants“. Molecules 25, Nr. 21 (04.11.2020): 5122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215122.
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Due to their chemical structure, conventional flame retardants are often toxic, barely biodegradable and consequently neither healthy nor environmentally friendly. Their use is therefore increasingly limited by regulations. For this reason, research on innovative flame retardants based on sustainable materials is the main focus of this work. Wheat starch, wheat protein, xylan and tannin were modified with phosphate salts in molten urea. The functionalization leads to the incorporation of phosphates (up to 48 wt.%) and nitrogen (up to 22 wt.%). The derivatives were applied on wood fibers and tested as flame retardants. The results indicate that these modified biopolymers can provide the same flame-retardant performances as commercial compounds currently used in the wood fiber industry. Besides, the flame retardancy smoldering effects may also be reduced compared to unmodified wood fibers depending on the used biopolymer. These results show that different biopolymers modified in phosphate/urea systems are a serious alternative to conventional flame retardants.
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Razak, Nur Syifaa, und Rahmah Mohamed. „Antimicrobial sustainable biopolymers for biomedical plastics applications – an overview“. Polimery 66, Nr. 11-12 (23.12.2021): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2021.11.2.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has increased the need for personal protective equipment (PPE), especially for medical personnel: face masks, full protective clothing, gloves and goggles. To date, they are usually made of thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene (PP). To reduce the risk of secondary infections it is essential to enhance the antimicrobial (especially antibacterial and antiviral) properties of the materials used in PPE. There are some attempts to modify materials by, for example, silver nanoparticles or zinc oxides. The increasing demand for personal protective equipment, mostly masks, leads to an increase of environmental problem of non-biodegradable wastes. Therefore some researches on use of safer for user’s health sustainable antimicrobial and biodegradable biopolymer fibers, such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), have been done. These biopolymers and their properties are discussed in this article.
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Perera, Kalpani Y., Jack Prendeville, Amit K. Jaiswal und Swarna Jaiswal. „Cold Plasma Technology in Food Packaging“. Coatings 12, Nr. 12 (05.12.2022): 1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121896.
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Cold plasma (CP) is an effective strategy to alter the limitations of biopolymer materials for food packaging applications. Biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins are known to be sustainable materials with excellent film-forming properties. Bio-based films can be used as an alternative to traditional plastic packaging. There are limitations to biopolymer packaging materials such as hydrophobicity, poor barrier, and thermos-mechanical properties. For this reason, biopolymers must be modified to create a packaging material with the desired applicability. CP is an effective method to enhance the functionality and interfacial features of biopolymers. It etches the film surface allowing for better adhesion between various polymer layers while also improving ink printability. CP facilitates adhesion between two or more hydrophobic materials, resulting in significantly better water vapour permeability (WVP) properties. The sputtering of ionic species by CP results in cross-linkage reactions which improve the mechanical properties of films (tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB)). Cross-linkage reactions are reported to be responsible for the improved thermal stability of CP-treated biopolymers. CP treatment is known to decrease oxygen permeability (OP) in protein-based biopolymers. CP can also enable the blending of polymers with specific antimicrobial substances to develop active packaging materials. In this review article, we have presented an overview of the recent advancements of CP in the food packaging application. Furthermore, the influence of CP on the properties of packaging materials, and recent advancements in the modification of polymeric food packaging materials have been discussed.
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Mistretta, Maria Chiara, Luigi Botta, Rossella Arrigo, Francesco Leto, Giulio Malucelli und Francesco Paolo La Mantia. „Bionanocomposite Blown Films: Insights on the Rheological and Mechanical Behavior“. Polymers 13, Nr. 7 (05.04.2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071167.
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In this work, bionanocomposites based on two different types of biopolymers belonging to the MaterBi® family and containing two kinds of modified nanoclays were compounded in a twin-screw extruder and then subjected to a film blowing process, aiming at obtaining sustainable films potentially suitable for packaging applications. The preliminary characterization of the extruded bionanocomposites allowed establishing some correlations between the obtained morphology and the material rheological and mechanical behavior. More specifically, the morphological analysis showed that, regardless of the type of biopolymeric matrix, a homogeneous nanofiller dispersion was achieved; furthermore, the established biopolymer/nanofiller interactions caused a restrain of the dynamics of the biopolymer chains, thus inducing a significant modification of the material rheological response, which involves the appearance of an apparent yield stress and the amplification of the elastic feature of the viscoelastic behavior. Besides, the rheological characterization under non-isothermal elongational flow revealed a marginal effect of the embedded nanofillers on the biopolymers behavior, thus indicating their suitability for film blowing processing. Additionally, the processing behavior of the bionanocomposites was evaluated and compared to that of similar systems based on a low-density polyethylene matrix: this way, it was possible to identify the most suitable materials for film blowing operations. Finally, the assessment of the mechanical properties of the produced blown films documented the potential exploitation of the selected materials for packaging applications, also at an industrial level.
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Zhan, Zhijing, Yiming Feng, Jikai Zhao, Mingyu Qiao und Qing Jin. „Valorization of Seafood Waste for Food Packaging Development“. Foods 13, Nr. 13 (03.07.2024): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13132122.
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Packaging plays a crucial role in protecting food by providing excellent mechanical properties as well as effectively blocking water vapor, oxygen, oil, and other contaminants. The low degradation of widely used petroleum-based plastics leads to environmental pollution and poses health risks. This has drawn interest in renewable biopolymers as sustainable alternatives. The seafood industry generates significant waste that is rich in bioactive substances like chitin, chitosan, gelatins, and alginate, which can replace synthetic polymers in food packaging. Although biopolymers offer biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, their films often lack mechanical and barrier properties compared with synthetic polymer films. This comprehensive review discusses the chemical structure, characteristics, and extraction methods of biopolymers derived from seafood waste and their usage in the packaging area as reinforcement or base materials to guide researchers toward successful plastics replacement and commercialization. Our review highlights recent advancements in improving the thermal durability, mechanical strength, and barrier properties of seafood waste-derived packaging, explores the mechanisms behind these improvements, and briefly mentions the antimicrobial activities and mechanisms gained from these biopolymers. In addition, the remaining challenges and future directions for using seafood waste-derived biopolymers for packaging are discussed. This review aims to guide ongoing efforts to develop seafood waste-derived biopolymer films that can ultimately replace traditional plastic packaging.
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Popović, Senka, Jovana Ugarković, Danijela Šuput, Nevena Hromiš und Ranko Romanić. „A review of biopolymer films application for sustainable packaging of edible oils“. Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 25, Nr. 3 (2021): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea25-31624.
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Lipid oxidation is a major cause of off-flavors and the loss of nutrients in fat-containing foods and oils. The prevention or retardation of those deteriorative reactions of oil during processing and storage is required. Commercially available synthetic packaging materials are causing serious environmental problems due to their non-degradability. To reduce environmental impacts associated with synthetic plastics, biopolymer materials have a great potential to be used instead. Further, biopolymers play an important role in food preservation because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The packing system is comprised of natural active materials that can improve the shelf life of oil-packed, minimize oxidation and improve mechanical, barrier and biological properties of biopolymer films. This paper aims to review currently available literature in the field of biopolymer materials application for packaging different types of edible oils.
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Prahaladan, Varsha, Nagireddy Poluri, Makara Napoli, Connor Castro, Kerem Yildiz, Brea-Anna Berry-White, Ping Lu, David Salas-de la Cruz und Xiao Hu. „Protein and Polysaccharide Fibers via Air Jet Spinning: Emerging Techniques for Biomedical and Sustainable Applications“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, Nr. 24 (11.12.2024): 13282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413282.
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Polymers play a critical role in the biomedical and sustainable materials fields, serving as key resources for both research and product development. While synthetic and natural polymers are both widely used, synthetic polymers have traditionally dominated due to their ability to meet the specific material requirements of most fiber fabrication methods. However, synthetic polymers are derived from non-renewable resources, and their production raises environmental and health concerns. Natural polymers, on the other hand, are derived from renewable biological sources and include a subset known as biopolymers, such as proteins and polysaccharides, which are produced by living organisms. These biopolymers are naturally abundant and offer benefits such as biodegradability and non-toxicity, making them especially suitable for biomedical and green applications. Recently, air jet spinning has emerged as a promising method for fabricating biopolymer fibers, valued for its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and safety—advantages that stand out compared to the more conventional electrospinning process. This review examines the methods and mechanisms of air jet spinning, drawing on empirical studies and practical insights to highlight its advantages over traditional fiber production techniques. By assembling natural biopolymers into micro- and nanofibers, this novel fabrication method demonstrates strong potential for targeted applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, air filtration, food packaging, and biosensing, utilizing various protein and polysaccharide sources.
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Maiti, Binoy, Alex Abramov, M. G. Finn und David Díaz Díaz. „Biopolymers as sustainable metal bio‐adhesives“. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 138, Nr. 5 (20.08.2020): 49783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.49783.
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Dintcheva, Nadka Tzankova, Giulia Infurna, Marilena Baiamonte und Francesca D’Anna. „Natural Compounds as Sustainable Additives for Biopolymers“. Polymers 12, Nr. 4 (25.03.2020): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040732.
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In the last few decades, the interest towards natural compounds, coming from a natural source and biodegradable, for biopolymers is always increasing because of a public request for the formulation of safe, eco-friendly, and sustainable materials. The main classes of natural compounds for biopolymers are: (i) naturally occurring fillers (nFil), such as nano-/micro- sized layered alumino-silicate: halloysite, bentonite, montmorillonite, hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, etc.; (ii) naturally occurring fibers (nFib), such as wood and vegetable fibers; (iii) naturally occurring antioxidant molecules (nAO), such as phenols, polyphenols, vitamins, and carotenoids. However, in this short review, the advantages and drawbacks, considering naturally occurring compounds as safe, eco-friendly, and sustainable additives for biopolymers, have been focused and discussed briefly, even taking into account the requests and needs of different application fields.
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Keshipour, Sajjad, Mina Hadidi und Ozra Gholipour. „A Review on Hydrogen Generation by Photo-, Electro-, and Photoelectro-Catalysts Based on Chitosan, Chitin, Cellulose, and Carbon Materials Obtained from These Biopolymers“. Advances in Polymer Technology 2023 (25.07.2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8835940.
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Biopolymer-based catalysts like chitosan, chitin, and cellulose offer sustainability and high efficiency both as the catalyst or catalyst support in a broad range of applications, especially in hydrogen evolution reactions. This review focused on hydrogen evolution catalysts of chitosan, chitin, cellulose, and carbon materials obtained from these biopolymers to highlight the opportunities of these sustainable catalysts in this field. All the reports in this area could be classified as one of the photocatalysts, electrocatalysts, and photoelectrocatalysts, and their mechanisms were clarified in the beginning. Then, the results of catalysts obtained from each of these biopolymers were discussed separately to reveal the roles of the biopolymers. It was concluded that all of the biopolymers enjoy some common benefits like hydrogen bonding, chelating with transition metals, easy chemical modification, high performance, and potential to be used as the precursors of carbon or porous materials. Among them, chitosan showed outstanding merit due to the better performance in metal grafting, amendment, and ability of hydrogen bonding. Moreover, it provides highly active nitrogen-doped carbon as the support of transition metals in the hydrogen generation, enhancing the reaction rate by retarding the charges recombination.
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Patel, Nidhiben, und Dagnija Blumberga. „Assessing Biopolymer Packaging in the EU Market for Sustainable Bioeconomy Development“. Environmental and Climate Technologies 28, Nr. 1 (01.01.2024): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2024-0027.
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Abstract The bioeconomy provides tremendous potential for high-value products like pharmaceuticals, food and feed additives, and biopolymers. The potential for developing bioeconomy is limited to low-value applications such as bulk chemicals, bioenergy, and biofuels. The economic, environmental, and social benefits of a successful transition facilitated by market innovations must be primarily promoted by businesses, government agencies, and consumers. One of the most critical considerations in promoting bioeconomy is evaluating the market potential of biopolymer packaging materials. Leveraging the GE-McKinsey Nine-Box Matrix, a decision-making process was developed to assess the market attractiveness and competitive advantage of the four biopolymer packaging materials in the EU market: cellulose, PHA, PLA, and starch. The approach incorporates novel elements for competitive advantage, such as product sustainability, to deliver value-added benefits that render a product competitive in the market. The research findings indicate that the packaging material made of PLA biopolymer has the most marketing potential. The methodology for selecting biopolymer packaging materials and advancing the bioeconomy through agricultural waste valorization is well-suited for decision-makers.
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John, Maya Jacob, Nokuzola Dyanti, Teboho Mokhena, Victor Agbakoba und Bruce Sithole. „Design and Development of Cellulosic Bionanocomposites from Forestry Waste Residues for 3D Printing Applications“. Materials 14, Nr. 13 (22.06.2021): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133462.
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This paper deals with the development of cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) reinforced biopolymers for use in packaging applications. Cellulose nanofibres were extracted from sawdust by a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments. The extracted cellulose nanofibres were chemically modified (fCNFs) and characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Bionanocomposites were prepared from biopolymers polylactic acid/polybutylene succinate (PLA/PBS) and cellulose nanofibres by compounding in a twin-screw extruder followed by injection moulding. The developed bionanocomposites were subjected to mechanical and thermal characterisation. As part of product development, CNF-biopolymer pellets were also extruded into filaments which were then 3D printed into prototypes. This work is a successful demonstration of conversion of waste residues into value-added products, which is aligned to the principles of circular economy and sustainable development.
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Arjunan, Yasothai, Gladstone Chistopher Jayakumar, Angayarkanny Subramanian und Swarna V. Kanth. „Development of Nano Bio Aldehyde Tanning Agent for Sustainable Leather Manufacture“. Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 118, Nr. 4 (03.04.2023): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i4.7208.
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Exploring the application of natural biopolymers in leather manufacture is a need of the hour to achieve sustainability. The present research work explores the possibility of using modified biopolymer nanoparticles as a tanning agent. Starch, a polysaccharide with high functionalization, is converted into Nano Bio Aldehyde (NBA) through periodate oxidation as water-in-oil microemulsion method. The synthesized product was characterized by its physico-chemical nature. The prepared NBA shows an aldehyde content of 85%, which endorses its application as a tanning agent. Experimental leather trials were carried out to assess the tanning efficacy and found that NBA tanned leathers show a shrinkage temperature of 90°C. Physical characteristics of the experimental leathers were found to be 24 N/mm2 and 90 N for tensile and tear strength, respectively. The study provides a holistic understanding of modified biopolymer as a nano tanning agent to manufacture leather.
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Nazreen, Nazreen, Deepankar Singh Rawat, Rajdeep Malik und Jagram Meena. „Biopolymers-based Electrochemical Sensors: An Overview of Synthesis and Applications“. Acta Biology Forum 3, Nr. 3 (07.10.2024): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.51470/abf.2024.3.3.09.
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The advancement of sensor technology has significantly impacted various scientific and industrial fields, particularly through electrochemical biosensors that convert biological data into electrical signals. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of biopolymer-based electrochemical sensors, which utilize natural materials such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate, keratin, etc. These biopolymers offer eco-friendly alternatives, enhancing sensor efficiency and sustainability while enabling customization for specific sensing applications. The synthesis of biopolymer-based composites through chemical, physical, and green methods is explored, with an emphasis on enhancing sensor performance by integrating conductive materials like metal oxides, graphene, and nanoparticles. The review explores their use in various fields, including medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, agriculture, wastewater treatment, and wearable or implantable medical devices. Ultimately, this study aims to highlight the potential of biopolymer-based electrochemical sensors as innovative and sustainable solutions for a wide range of applications.
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Malashin, Ivan, Dmitriy Martysyuk, Vadim Tynchenko, Andrei Gantimurov, Andrey Semikolenov, Vladimir Nelyub und Aleksei Borodulin. „Machine Learning-Based Process Optimization in Biopolymer Manufacturing: A Review“. Polymers 16, Nr. 23 (29.11.2024): 3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233368.
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The integration of machine learning (ML) into material manufacturing has driven advancements in optimizing biopolymer production processes. ML techniques, applied across various stages of biopolymer production, enable the analysis of complex data generated throughout production, identifying patterns and insights not easily observed through traditional methods. As sustainable alternatives to petrochemical-based plastics, biopolymers present unique challenges due to their reliance on variable bio-based feedstocks and complex processing conditions. This review systematically summarizes the current applications of ML techniques in biopolymer production, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for future research while highlighting the potential of ML to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve product quality. This review also shows the role of ML algorithms, including supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning algorithms, in optimizing biopolymer manufacturing processes.
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Heydorn, R. L., N. Schlüter, R. Jagau, A. Kwade, U. Schröder, K. Dohnt und R. Krull. „Application of functional biopolymers for sustainable batteries“. Chemie Ingenieur Technik 92, Nr. 9 (28.08.2020): 1288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.202055237.
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Balart, Rafael, Daniel Garcia-Garcia, Vicent Fombuena, Luis Quiles-Carrillo und Marina P. Arrieta. „Biopolymers from Natural Resources“. Polymers 13, Nr. 15 (30.07.2021): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152532.
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During the last decades, the increasing ecology in the reduction of environmental impact caused by traditional plastics is contributing to the growth of more sustainable plastics with the aim to reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources for their production [...]
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Zubair, Muhammad, Sohail Shahzad, Ajaz Hussain, Rehan Ali Pradhan, Muhammad Arshad und Aman Ullah. „Current Trends in the Utilization of Essential Oils for Polysaccharide- and Protein-Derived Food Packaging Materials“. Polymers 14, Nr. 6 (13.03.2022): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061146.
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Essential oils (EOs) have received attention in the food industry for developing biopolymer-derived food packaging materials. EOs are an excellent choice to replace petroleum-derived additives in food packaging materials due to their abundance in nature, eco-friendliness, and superior antimicrobial and antioxidant attributes. Thus far, EOs have been used in cellulose-, starch-, chitosan-, and protein-based food packaging materials. Biopolymer-based materials have lower antioxidant and antibacterial properties in comparison with their counterparts, and are not suitable for food packaging applications. Various synthetic-based compounds are being used to improve the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of biopolymers. However, natural essential oils are sustainable and non-harmful alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for use in biopolymer-derived food packaging materials. The incorporation of EOs into the polymeric matrix affects their physicochemical properties, particularly improving their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. EOs in the food packaging materials increase the shelf life of the packaged food, inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and provide protection against oxidation. Essential oils also influence other properties, such as tensile, barrier, and optical properties of the biopolymers. This review article gives a detailed overview of the use of EOs in biopolymer-derived food packaging materials. The innovative ways of incorporating of EOs into food packaging materials are also highlighted, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Zhu, Qiliang, Enqi Sun, Zequan Zhao, Tong Wu, Shuchang Meng, Zimeng Ma, Muhammad Shoaib, Hafeez Ur Rehman, Xia Cao und Ning Wang. „Biopolymer Materials in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Review“. Polymers 16, Nr. 10 (07.05.2024): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101304.
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In advancing the transition of the energy sector toward heightened sustainability and environmental friendliness, biopolymers have emerged as key elements in the construction of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) due to their renewable sources and excellent biodegradability. The development of these TENG devices is of significant importance to the next generation of renewable and sustainable energy technologies based on carbon-neutral materials. This paper introduces the working principles, material sources, and wide-ranging applications of biopolymer-based triboelectric nanogenerators (BP-TENGs). It focuses on the various categories of biopolymers, ranging from natural sources to microbial and chemical synthesis, showcasing their significant potential in enhancing TENG performance and expanding their application scope, while emphasizing their notable advantages in biocompatibility and environmental sustainability. To gain deeper insights into future trends, we discuss the practical applications of BP-TENG in different fields, categorizing them into energy harvesting, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. Finally, the paper reveals the shortcomings, challenges, and possible solutions of BP-TENG, aiming to promote the advancement and application of biopolymer-based TENG technology. We hope this review will inspire the further development of BP-TENG towards more efficient energy conversion and broader applications.
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Kannan, Govindarajan, Evangelin Ramani Sujatha, Abdullah Almajed und Arif Ali Baig Moghal. „Microbial-Derived Biopolymers: A Pathway to Sustainable Civil Engineering“. Polymers 17, Nr. 2 (12.01.2025): 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020172.
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Modern innovations increasingly prioritize eco-friendliness, aiming to pave the way for a sustainable future. The field of civil engineering is no exception to this approach, and, in fact, it is associated with almost every sustainable development goal framed by the United Nations. Therefore, the sector has a pivotal role in achieving these goals. One such innovation is exploring the possibilities of using nature-friendly materials in different applications. Biopolymers are substances that are produced either by the chemical synthesis of natural materials or by the biosynthesizing activities of microorganisms. Microbial-derived biopolymers are known for their non-toxic and nature-friendly characteristics. However, their applications are mostly restricted to the field of biotechnology and not fully explored in civil engineering. This article reviews various microbial-derived biopolymers, focusing on the types available on the market, their source and properties, and more importantly, their wide range of applications in the civil engineering field. Additionally, the article explores the prospects for future research and the potential for the practical implementation of these techniques in the pursuit of a sustainable future.
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Joga, Jayaprakash Reddy, und B. J. S. Varaprasad. „Sustainable Improvement of Expansive Clays Using Xanthan Gum as a Biopolymer“. Civil Engineering Journal 5, Nr. 9 (01.09.2019): 1893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091380.
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In this study, Biopolymers are used as an attempt to create sustainable environment by eliminating the negative environmental impacts of using traditional admixtures in soil stabilization. Xanthan Gum is used as a biopolymer to treat expansive soil. A series of tests like, Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), One-Dimensional Consolidation and Standard Direct Shear tests were conducted on virgin soil and biopolymer (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5%) treated soils. The results revels that by addition of biopolymer content Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of soil decreases and Optimum Water Content (OMC) increases. The UCS value is increased by 4 times for the addition of 1% xanthan gum to soil for 28 day curing period. Compressibility of soil is deceased by 65% for 28day curing period. Shear parameters of treated soil shows improvement with addition of xanthan gum content. For further examination, SEM analyses were conducted on the tested samples and revealed that the soil fabric had white lumps and pores in the soil structure were filled with cementitious gel. Moreover, the resistance towards shear and compressibility of treated samples increased with curing times. Therefore, use of Xanthan Gum for soil stabilization is a solution for eco-friendly soil stabilizing material.
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Pascuta, Mihaela Stefana, und Dan Cristian Vodnar. „Nanocarriers for Sustainable Active Packaging: An Overview during and Post COVID-19“. Coatings 12, Nr. 1 (17.01.2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010102.
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Lockdown has been installed due to the fast spread of COVID-19, and several challenges have occurred. Active packaging was considered a sustainable option for mitigating risks to food systems during COVID-19. Biopolymeric-based active packaging incorporating the release of active compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity represents an innovative solution for increasing shelf life and maintaining food quality during transportation from producers to consumers. However, food packaging requires certain physical, chemical, and mechanical performances, which biopolymers such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids have not satisfied. In addition, active compounds have low stability and can easily burst when added directly into biopolymeric materials. Due to these drawbacks, encapsulation into lipid-based, polymeric-based, and nanoclay-based nanocarriers has currently captured increased interest. Nanocarriers can protect and control the release of active compounds and can enhance the performance of biopolymeric matrices. The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview regarding the benefits of released active compound-loaded nanocarriers in developing sustainable biopolymeric-based active packaging with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Nanocarriers improve physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the biopolymeric matrix and increase the bioactivity of released active compounds. Furthermore, challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and a brief post-COVID-19 scenario were also mentioned.
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Mendonça, Amanda, Paula V. Morais, Ana Cecília Pires, Ana Paula Chung und Paulo Venda Oliveira. „A Review on the Importance of Microbial Biopolymers Such as Xanthan Gum to Improve Soil Properties“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 1 (27.12.2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010170.
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Chemical stabilization of soils is one of the most used techniques to improve the properties of weak soils in order to allow their use in geotechnical works. Although several binders can be used for this purpose, Portland cement is still the most used binder (alone or combined with others) to stabilize soils. However, the use of Portland cement is associated with many environmental problems, so microbiological-based approaches have been explored to replace conventional methods of soil stabilization as sustainable alternatives. Thus, the use of biopolymers, produced by microorganisms, has emerged as a technical alternative for soil improvement, mainly due to soil pore-filling, which is called the bioclogging method. Many studies have been carried out in the last few years to investigate the suitability and efficiency of the soil–biopolymer interaction and consequent properties relevant to geotechnical engineering. This paper reviews some of the recent applications of the xanthan gum biopolymer to evaluate its viability and potential to improve soil properties. In fact, recent results have shown that the use of xanthan gum in soil treatment induces the partial filling of the soil voids and the generation of additional links between the soil particles, which decreases the permeability coefficient and increases the mechanical properties of the soil. Moreover, the biopolymer’s economic viability was also analyzed in comparison to cement, and studies have demonstrated that xanthan gum has a strong potential, both from a technical and economical point of view, to be applied as a soil treatment.