Dissertationen zum Thema „Suspensions de particules“
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Vallée, Robin. „Suspensions de particules inertielles dans des écoulements turbulents“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the dynamics of inertial particles suspended in turbulent fluid flows that are governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Understanding the transport of these particles is important in a number of applications, such as the growth of planetesimals by accretion, the evolution of plankton in the oceans, the growth of ice crystals in clouds or the sedimentation of impurities in pipes. Despite the presence of these particles in many industrial or natural processes, their dynamics remain a poorly understood subject. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of certain aspects involving the transport of inertial particles in turbulent flows, using in particular the results of direct numerical simulations. It is divided into four chapters. The first is devoted to an introduction to the motivations, the numerical methods used, as well as to a review of the results already known on this topic. The second chapter deals with the generalization of the phenomenon of turbophoresis in the case of homogeneous and isotropic flows, and therefore completes an approach mainly used for inhomogeneous flows. In particular, it is shown that despite their uniform mean, local turbulent fluctuations lead to inhomogeneities in the distribution of particles at inertial scales. Then, the third chapter is devoted to the accretion of inertial particles by a sphere embedded in a mean flow. First, it is shown that inelastic bounces of point particles on the surface of the sphere are not sufficient to lead to inelastic collapse, when they are subjected only to a viscous drag force. Secondly, the study of small particles subjected to the force of gravity, shows non-trivial accretion efficiencies, with in particular collisions observed at the back of the collector. Finally, the last chapter deals with particles of finite sizes suspended in a turbulent channel flow and subject to their viscous drag force and to a lubricating force close to the walls. A statistical study of the distribution of particles and of their collisions with the walls then improves the understanding of deposition mechanisms
Leverrier, Cassandre. „Relations Structure/Propriétés de Suspensions de Particules Végétales“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, fruit and vegetable purees are considered as concentrated suspensions of soft, deformable plant particles, suspended in a non-Newtonian aqueous phase, containing sugar and soluble pectins. Using a materials science approach, this work aims in better understanding and modelling the structure/properties relationships of plant based processed systems.A single batch of Golden Delicious apple puree was used in this work to avoid variability related to variety, maturity or processing method.Mechanical treatments were used to highlight the impact of structural parameters on the rheological behaviour of plant particles suspensions. It confirms the first order impact of particle concentration on rheological properties. Three concentration domains have been identified and modelled, allowing to provide a definition of the volume fraction for these soft and highly deformable plant particles. The volume fraction of plant particle suspensions is not forming consensus yet in literature. The definition proposed in this work allows to built a master curve bringing together the different particle size distributions, all over the concentrations studied.To understand the impact of the continuous phase on the rheological behaviour of plant particle suspensions, model particles have been developed from the original batch of apple puree. Model particles were suspended in five controlled aqueous phases varying in viscosity, composition, and ionic strength. This study shows that elastic properties of concentrated suspensions are essentially governed by the interactions between the particles, continuous phase having a negligible impact. The lubricating role of the continuous phase in the concentrated domain has been highlighted by yield stress and viscosity measurements.An original approach combining model particles, confocal microscopy and 3D reconstruction gives us access to morphological changes experienced by particles in very concentrated medium. The volume decrease experienced by the particles was evaluated. In this work, a model describing the dependence of the viscosity to the volume fraction of soft plant particles was proposed. This model represents a clear progress in the understanding of these systems. No comparable model has ever been proposed in the literature to describe this kind of plant particles
VOLKOVA, OLGA. „Etude de la rheologie de suspensions de particules magnetiques“. Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5264.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZidi, Koceila. „Écoulement d'une suspension de particules en compression“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of particle suspensions is crucial due to their omnipresence in various industrial and natural domains. Understanding their behavior enables us to improve processes such as the manufacture of composite materials, water treatment and the study of sediments and soils. Over the past two decades, the rheology of particle suspensions has been extensively studied in simple shear flows. Experiments have shown that the effective viscosity of an isodense, non-Brownian suspension increases with the particle volume fraction. The question posed in my thesis is whether rheological laws can be used to describe the behavior of particle suspensions in more complex configurations such as compression flows. We have experimentally investigated the behavior of suspensions in two compression flow configurations. In the first configuration, the suspension is compressed between a moving disk approaching a vertical wall at an imposed velocity. Local pressure measurements were carried out, varying the volume fraction of the suspension and the compression velocity. A theoretical framework was established, enabling the radial pressure difference in the compression flow to be related to the effective viscosity of the suspension, and thus measured indirectly. We have shown that the effective viscosity deduced by this approach in compression flow is identical to that measured in a conventional simple shear configuration. In the second configuration, the suspension is compressed between a sphere sedimenting under its own weight towards a horizontal wall. Sedimentation velocity measurements of the sphere were carried out. The influence of suspension parameters, such as particle diameter and concentration, as well as geometric parameters, such as sphere radius and reservoir width, was investigated. In the region far from the wall, the fundamental principle of dynamics enabled us to predict the sedimentation velocity of the sphere and deduce the effective viscosity of the suspension, which corresponds to that of simple shear. We have shown that the suspension behaves like an effective Newtonian fluid. The approach dynamics of the sphere in the suspension deviate from those it would have in a Newtonian fluid. Close to the wall, lubrication theory is applied. This theory predicts that the sedimentation velocity of the sphere evolves linearly with distance from the horizontal wall, with zero velocity at contact with the wall. In the case of suspension, the sedimentation velocity of the sphere evolves non-linearly with distance from the wall. We also measured a non-zero impact velocity of the sphere with the wall. We have proposed an empirical relationship for the approach velocity that allows all the experimental data to be grouped on a single curve across the entire range of parameters studied
Périn, Frédéric. „Application de la methode d'homogeneisation aux suspensions de fibres longues et aux suspensions multidisperses de particules“. Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066423.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCisse, Mamadou. „Suspensions turbulentes de particules de tailles finies : dynamique, modification collective de l'écoulement turbulent“. Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe numerical and experimental work of this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of large particles in a turbulent flow. The first part allowed me to quantify their relative motion to the flow and their local influence on the surrounding flow. In a second part, I found that the collective effect of particles is to reduce the amplitude of turbulent fluctuations. In revanche, they have no influence on the fine statistical properties of the flow. Also, these measurements suggest the existence of a phase transition in the larger scales of the flow beyond a critical threshold of the number of particles
Mongruel, Anne. „Étude expérimentale de suspensions de particules anisotropes en écoulement élongationnel“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520739.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDIEP, TUONG BAO. „Forces et contraintes dans les suspensions de particules legerement deformables“. Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066832.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMongruel, Anne. „Etude expérimentale de suspensions de particules anisotropes en écoulement élongationnel“. Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9409.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFall, Abdoulaye. „Ecoulement et blocage de suspensions concentrées“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe study the rheological behavior of concentrated suspensions of non-Brownian particles: cornstarch or mono-disperse spherical polystyrene beads. The latter model System is used to be able to control the physical properties of the suspension. We focus on two phenomena encountered in particle pastes: the yield stress and the shear thickening behavior. In a fïrst series of experiments we studied the origin of the yield stress. From classical rheology and local MRI velocimetry and density measurements we show that the origin of the yield stress for the model System of spherical beads is sedimentation, which we observe by introducing different contrasts in density between particles and fluid. The difference in density leads to a close packing of sedimenting or creaming particles, leading in turn to a yield stress. In a second series of experiments, we have studied a dynamical behaviour of the pastes under shear, focusing on the shear thickening. By coupling the original macroscopic measurements (the study of the influence of the gap size on the shear thickening behavior and the dilation effect as a function of the shear rate) and local flow properties measured by MRI, we show that the shear thickening of cornstarch suspension is a direct consequence of the Reynolds dilatancy. In addition, the model System, unlike the cornstarch suspension, presents a shear thickening which is accompanied by a shear localisation regime. This localisation regime becomes responsible for a partial jamming of the flow in the gap of our Couette cell
Pagonabarraga, Mora Ignacio. „New mechanisms in the adsorption of colloidal suspensions“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1802.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter a first chapter in which we have introduced the basic kinetic models which have been proposed in the literature to take into account surface exclusion effects (random sequential adsorption (RSA) and ballistic (BM) models), in the second chapter we have studied the adsorption in the presence of an external field parallel to the substrate. Our objective has been to elucidate how surface exclusion effects are sensitive to the imposed external conditions upon which adsorption takes place, showing that they do not arise from purely geometric constrains. Instead of carefully describing the transport process, we have conveniently modified the usual kinetic models. The basic feature now is that a new minimum length at which two particles can approach on the substrate appears, and the kinetics becomes asymmetric in the sense that this minimum distance depends on the side of the preadsorbed disk at which the incoming particle adsorbs. We have observed a decrease of the jamming limit with the strength of this imposed force, and also a tendency to form more locally ordered aggregates when this force increases. New adsorption mechanisms are induced by the external field: a particle may roll over a number of preadsorbed spheres before being either adsorbed or rejected, implying that adsorption becomes non-local in the sense that an incoming particle may interact with many preadsorbed disks. The pair distribution function exhibits a richer structure indicating that the clusters have internal structure since their relative separation is not univocally fixed. If the exclusion distance is a multiple of the diameter, then a resonance is observed when using BM rules, and a highly locally ordered substrate is formed.
In chapter 3 we have studied the effect of the transport on the adsorption of colloidal particles at high Peclet number in the presence of a gravity field, when their diffusion can be neglected. As a new mechanism with respect to previous studies, we have incorporated hydrodynamic interactions (HI) existing between the incoming particle and the adsorbed ones due to the fact that the particles are suspended in a fluid. We have shown that the basic effect of HI is to introduce an effective repulsive interaction between the incoming particle and the preadsorbed ones. Some analytic results obtained in very simplified conditions have helped us to understand the effects of HI, although un general, computer simulations have been carried out to study the adsorption process. We have seen that, although the global quantities obtained with HI do not differ quantitatively from the ones obtained for BM, as for example the coverage as a function of time, the jamming limit, or the available fraction of the line, the local structure differs significantly from the one obtained with BM. The pair correlation function is characterized by having a series of peaks due to the rolling of incoming spheres over preadsorbed ones. The behaviour behind the peaks is different, showing a slower decay with HI, indicating that because of the effective repulsion, larger gaps between the spheres are preferred, which implies that HI induce the formation of looser local structures on the substrate. We have shown that the effective repulsion introduced by HI favours the formation of elongated triplets on the surface where BM would predict more isotropic clusters, meaning that HI changes the structure of the clusters formed at the interface. We have compared with experimental results on the adsorption of mellamine particles. The curves obtained with HI agree better with the experimental ones than those obtained with BM, explaining therefore some of the discrepancies observed when comparing with BM. In particular, the slower decay behind the first peak can be thought of as being due to the effect of HI. This has served to show that BM, which was thought to be a good model to describe the adsorption of heavy colloidal particles, is restricted to situations where inertial effects dominate the transport to the wall.
Finally, in chapter 4 we have developed a thermodynamic theory for the adsorption process. We have focused our analysis on the situation in which adsorption is controlled by a surface energy barrier, which is more realistic for the adsorption of small particles. In this case, the transport to the interface is controlled by the diffusion through the energy barrier. In order to describe this process properly, we have introduced an additional internal variable for the fields at the surface in the thermodynamic description.
The surface exclusion effects at this level are introduced considering that the system at the surface is not ideal. In this way we have derived a local generalized Langmuir equation for the evolution of the surface concentration. If the adsorption is not controlled by an energy barrier, then the local thermodynamic description is different. We have shown how it is possible to obtain global generalized Langmuir equation which describes the evolution of the global surface concentration, using the fact that entropical barriers appear for the incoming particles. We have also studied the fluctuations around steady states in a systematic way. We have shown how to deduce the corresponding fluctuation-dissipation theorem when an internal degree of freedom is introduced, and we have applied the results to analyze the density correlation function of a simple adsorption model with diffusion.
Cotton, Frédéric. „Comportement rhéologique non-linéaire des suspensions concentrées de particules non-colloïdales“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0006/MQ38669.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLecolier, Eric. „Suspensions aqueuses de particules colloidales anisotropes et chargees : structure et dynamique“. Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE2014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMac, Thi-Bich-Ngoc. „Modélisation des suspensions de particules actives : application à la motilité séminale“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2581/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis wc study collective motions of self-propelled particles. This work consists of three parts. In the first part, we consider an lndividual-Based Model for self-rotating particles interacting through local alignment and investigate its macroscopic Iimit. We study the mean-field kinetic and hydrodynamic limits of this system within two different scalings. In the small angular velocity regime, the resulting model is a slight modification of the " Self-Organised Hydrodynamic " model which has been previously inltroduced by Degond and Motsch. In the large angular velocity Case, the macroscopic model obtained is more complex. A preliminary study of the linearized stability is proposed. In the second part, we study a macroscopic model for a system of self-propelled particles which interact with their neighbors via alignment and repulsion. We provide a numerical validation of the continuum model by comparison with the particle model. The existence of local solutions of this macroscopic model is also studied. The last part concerns experimental investigation of collective behavior of simple robots in a confined ring
Dbouk, Talib. „Rhéologie des suspensions concentrée et migration des particules induite par un écoulement“. Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673964.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMahaut, Fabien. „Comportement rhéologique de suspensions de particules non colloïdales plongées dans des fluides à seuil“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe study rheological behaviour of non colloïdal particles suspensions embedded in yield stress fluids. We focus on strictly mechanical particles influence. First, we study solid domain with a large experiment panel on model materials. We measure linear elasticity and yield stress. We found law which link suspensions properties to interstitial fluids one and monodisperses particles concentration for an isotropic distribution. We compare our results to a homogenization approach by Chateau et al. which give us a very simple law between linear and non linear properties. This approach could predict the yield stress variation as a function of particles concentration with a very good agreement. Then, we validate this approach on a model mortar (glass beads in a thixotropic cement paste). In a second part, we explore liquid domain and characterize flowing behaviour of a yield stress model fluid, an emulsion, as a Herschel-Bulkley fluid with an exponent n =½. We show that this law still applicable for particles suspension in this emulsion with the same Herschel-Bulkley exponent. Then, we measure Herschel-Bulkley consistency as a function of particles concentration and found a good agreement with a law predicted by Chateau et al. from a homogenization approach. Finally, we observe difference between stopping yield stress and starting yield stress, this difference is probably due to particles distribution
Marchetti, Benjamin. „Sédimentation de particules : effets collectifs et filaments déformables“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0364/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first part, a jointed experimental and numerical study examining the influence of vortical structures on the settling of a cloud of solid spherical particles under the action of gravity at low Stokes numbers is presented. We use electro-convection to generate a two-dimensional array of controlled vortices which mimics a simplified vortical flow. Particle image-velocimetry and tracking are used to examine the motion of the cloud within this vortical flow. The cloud is modeled as a set of point-particles for which the hydrodynamic interaction is preponderant. The cloud behavior (trajectory, velocity, aspect ratio, break-up time …) is compared to the predictions of a two-way-coupling numerical simulation. In the second part, a jointed experimentally and numerical study on the dynamics of slender flexible filaments settling in a viscous fluid at low Reynolds number is presented. The equilibrium state of a flexible fiber settling in a viscous fluid is examined using a combination of macroscopic experiments, numerical simulations and scaling arguments. We identify three regimes having different signatures on this equilibrium configuration of the elastic filament: a weak deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling perpendicular to the gravity; a large deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling parallel to the gravity and an intermediate elastic reconfiguration regime where the filament deforms to adopt a shape with a smaller drag which is no longer linearly proportional to the velocity but to the square root of the velocity
Ponche, Arnaud. „Suspensions de particules dans des solutions de polymère : rhéométrie et observation microscopiques“. Mulhouse, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MULH0720.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with rheological properties of titanium dioxyde suspensions in polymer solutions. Rheological behaviour is strongly dépendent on particle-particle interactions and also on particle-polymer interactions in the continuons phase. These interactions really undergoes shape modification of aggregates. Consequently, we have developped tools to Observe titanium dioxyde aggregates under shear. The shape of aggregates is caracterised by a fractal dimension Df in two or three dimensions. This parameter can be correlated with the évolution of suspension viscosity. The last part of this work deals with flow instabilities obtained with glass beads dispersed in a solution of polyisobutylene. Saffman- Taylor instability appeared when cone and plate of the rheometer are removed from each other. In the case of titanium dioxyde suspensions, fractal shape can be observed and can be related to viscous fingering in hele-Shaw cells
Baudoin, Michaël. „Acoustique non linéaire et diffusion multiple dans les suspensions de particules rigides“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066394.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnselmet, Marie-Christine. „Contribution à l'étude des systèmes fluide-particules : suspensions de cylindres, lits fluidisés“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11244.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSouzy, Mathieu. „Mélange dans les suspensions de particules cisaillées à bas nombre de Reynolds“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4719/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMainly based on experiments, I investigated at a particle scale the mechanisms at the origin of the transfer enhancement in sheared non-Brownian and non-inertial particulate suspensions. First, I revisited Taylor's experiment, investigating the evolution of a drop of dye in a periodic shear. Beyond a critical strain amplitude, the presence of the particles breaks the reversibility of the system and the drop of dye is rapidly dispersed in the surrounding medium. Then, investigating the transfer process in the wall vicinity, I showed that in this region, the rotation of the particles convectively transport a scalar at a constant rate directly from the wall towards the bulk of the suspension, breaking the diffusive boundary layer. An analytical solution for the concentration profile in this region is proposed, in good agreement with experimental measurements. Lastly, high-resolution PIV measurements of the fluid phase were performed in the bulk of the suspension. Using these velocity fields, we reconstructed the stretching histories of fluid material lines to determine the stretching laws, crucial for the understanding of the mixing process. The presence of the particles changes the very nature of the stretching laws from linear, in a pure fluid, to exponential in the presence of particles. A multiplicative stretching model is proposed, which quantitatively predicts the experimentally measured evolution of the mean and the variance of the elongations of the fluid material lines as well as their evolution towards a log-normal distribution. The strong stretching inhomogeneity in sheared suspensions results in a broad distribution of the mixing time
Ennahali, Mohamed. „Stabilisation des nano-particules dans les suspensions liquides de polissage mécano-chimique“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe industry of the semiconductors must find increasingly effective methods and processes. Among the new methods which are used more and more, chemicomechanical polishing (CMP) is that which evolved more /moved during the thirty last years and remains the most effective and reliable process to miniaturize the chips. The CMP uses suspensions called also "Slurries" containing nanoparticles to polish different surfaces. The stability of the liquids of polishing is an important factor. The physical and chemical properties of the medium and the hydrodynamic conditions to which the nano particles are submitted have a determining role on the aggregation phenomenon. We developed stablesuspensions containing ceria, silica or alumina. The stability of these slurries is obtained thanks to adsorption of the organic molecules. We were able to develop powerful and economically interesting slurries by controlling the aggregation process in the point of use. The innovating character of our approach enabled us to deposit two patents
D'Ambrosio, Enzo. „Imagerie de suspensions pour la mesure des contraintes particulaires dans les suspensions non-browniennes“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany studies have been done on the rheology of suspensions since the previous work of Einstein at the beginning of the 20th century but many scientific puzzles still remain, especially when the concentration increases. Nowadays, we know that the solid contact between particles rules the behavior of non Brownian concentrated suspensions : it increases the viscosity, inducesbehavior more complex than the basic Newtonian model and are responsible for phenomenon of migrations of solid particles inside a suspension. Naturally, theoretical models as the Suspension Balance Model which predict and describe the behavior of a sheared non Brownian suspension deals with these non hydrodynamic interactions. But there is a lack of experimental measurements to confront these predictions. Indeed, it is very difficult to measure experimentally the contribution of solid particles to the total stress of suspension and this is precisely what I’ve tried to do during these last three years. I’ve organized my work following two lines of research. The first one is a macroscopic study of the rheological behavior of different suspensions where the particle form varies from a suspension to another. Therewith, I show that non-Brownian and non-colloidal suspensions have a shear thinning behavior which can be correctly captured by the introduction of a jamming volumefraction which is shear stress-dependant. The second line of research is the biggest part of my work. Thanks to an experimental home-made set up, I study locally the behavior of a non Brownian suspension in two cases : with or without buoyancy effects. Matching the refractive index of the particles and of the fluid, I manage to image the particles inside the suspensions subjected to a shear flow in order to determine the concentration and the velocity fields. From these local measurements, I deduce on the one hand the variation of the shear viscosity with particle volume fraction and shear stress and, on the otherhand the variation of the normal particle stresses in the direction of the velocity gradient and the vorticity. I also show that there are significant differences in the flow of a suspension depending on whether gravity plays a role or not. More precisely, I show that the radial migration observed in a cylindrical large gap Couette flow is much less pronounced than what the Suspension Balance Model predicts if the particles do not have the same density as the suspending liquid
Merhi, Dima. „Migration et ségrégation des particules dans les suspensions concentrées : étude expérimentale et modélisation“. Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5652.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this present work, we have studied the behavior of concentrated macroscopic suspensions subjected to inhomogeneous shear rate. This behavior was described by means of a local phenomenological approach based on the consideration of the suspension as a continuous medium. Three shear induced fluxes were identified : a collision flux, a viscosity flux and a curvature flux. The expression of these three fluxes is obtained by studying the deviation of the trajectory of pairs of particles induced by a collision. We achieved both experimental and numerical investigations. On the experimental plan, we studied the flow between two parallel rotating disks. We developed an experimental technique which leans on the detection of tracers by measure of absorption of the light. The studied systems are suspensions established by particles of the same refractive index and the same density as the suspending fluid. Concerning the numerical work, we have built a numerical code in 2D, based on a finite volume method, capable of modeling the system of coupled non linear equations which govern the behavior of a monodisperse or bidisperse suspension. So we studied numerically the behavior of a bidisperse suspension in a Couette and a Poiseuille flow. We observed segregation in size of particles in suspension which is more pronounced when the volume fraction of the small and big particles is nearly equal. In the case of the flow between two rotating discs, we put in evidence the existence of a migration for a monodisperse suspension. The quantification of the coefficients of the shear induced migration fluxes in the rotating geometries was made thanks to the numerical, transient profiles. The values so obtained show that the intensity of these fluxes is closely bound to the direction of the migration of particles
Jacquelin, Marjorie Gehin Evelyne. „Étude de la mise en suspension de particules par chute de poudre“. Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0407082.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacquelin, Marjorie. „Étude de la mise en suspension de particules par chute de poudre“. Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study comes within the general framework of industrial facilities’ safety research. Indeed, industrial processes, notably in the nuclear field, handle hazardous materials in powder form and can produce large quantities of fugitive dust. The study of the particles resuspension from powders is of interest of first order in order to estimate the consequences of this source term of contamination on the operator, the neighbouring installations and, if necessary, the environment. Up to now, there are very few reliable data in the scientific literature on the particulate emission in case of a scenario with an accidental free fall spill of powder. The powder dustiness evaluation is carried out using coefficients obtained in experiments, or using empirical correlations. The objective of the present work is to study the influence of some parameters involved in the airborne particles production by a free fall of powder. For that purpose, experiments are carried out in order to study the influence of parameters such as the type of dischargement, the powder nature, the type of surface on which occurs the powder impaction , the system diameter used for discharge, and the falling mass. The results of mass fractions and number concentrations obtained highlighted the dominating parameters according to the type of discharge employed. Thereafter, the comparisons between our results and the empirical correlations available in the literature showed that those led to an undervaluation of the powder dustiness. This thus led us to develop, starting from the whole of experimental data, empirical correlations taking into account the various parameters studied as well as the interactions
Gerber, Gaétan. „Suspensions of particles interacting with porous matrices : transport, deposition and accumulation“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom the separation of products on industrial filters to the propagation of pollutants in soils or the transmission of micro-organisms in biological tissues, the transport of particles through porous matrices is ubiquitous. Particle-matrix interactions involve crucial deposition mechanisms, often studied by numerical simulations, global measurements or reduced (1D or 2D) systems. By making adapted 3D porous media (transparent random packings of spheres), and taking advantage of original internal observations (MRI, confocal microscopy), we have been able to directly visualize and analyze the whole range of transport and deposition dynamics at the global and local scales. Varying in turns the particles size (tens of nanometers to tens of microns), long-range interactions (electrostatic or magnetic) and shape (from unique spheres to clusters), all deposition regimes are finally mapped according to three key parameters: particle confinement (particle/pore size ratio), particle-surface affinity, and inter-particle aggregation ability.Two examples highlight the diversity of these regimes. First, we show that non-colloidal particles of sufficient size tend to clog pores by accumulating in pore size clusters, which ultimately constitute regions avoided by the flow. A critical cluster concentration (percolation) corresponds to a system saturation, i.e. caking. Further insights on the impact of the particle shape on the clogging dynamics are also proposed. On another side, for non-clogging colloidal particles, we show that particle accumulation is a self-limited mechanism, towards a deposited fraction associated with a balance between the colloidal cohesive energy and the local flow (drag energy varying with evolving porosity).In the end, the classification of the main deposition regimes combined with simple predictive models allows an application of these results to a broad range of systems
BELZUNG, BENEDICTE. „Mecanisme d'epaississement des suspensions concentrees de particules de latex par les polymeres associatifs“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13255.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRjimati, El Arbi. „Microfiltration tangentielle de suspensions particulaires : modélisation“. Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerteloot, Guillaume. „Mouillage, évaporation et déposition de particules : application au dip-coating“. Paris 6, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00584912.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChernoburova, Olga. „Étude des interactions entre les particules fines dans les suspensions concentrées pour améliorer la valorisation de minerais complexes durable“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0272.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFine particle mineral slurries are known to exhibit non-Newtonian behavior under the load. The particle-particle interactions in such suspensions go beyond physical contact due to the collision and friction. An ability of minerals to gain the charge in the aqueous environment justifies different behaviors of the similar systems. Being characterized with the same volumetric fraction, chemistry and particle size distribution of solids, and specific gravity of dispersing media, two suspensions can possess different rheological behavior due to the chemistry of the solution. In this case, the ionic composition of the media defines particle charging, and thus the degree of agglomeration/dispersion in the suspension. Phyllosilicate clays are known to be particularly problematic in the mineral beneficiation processes. Their nature leads spatial chemical inhomogeneity, meaning that the particle edge and face possess different chemical and physical properties. The presence of such minerals in the stirring devices (stirring tanks, flotation cells) is often characterized with coexistence of stagnant and agitated volumes of slurry, which negatively impacts the efficiency of stirring. In this work, the dilute aqueous Na-bentonite suspensions were examined via magnetic resonance imaging velocimetry to investigate the influence of pH and type of monovalent electrolyte on their local rheological behavior. The results indicated that suspensions with 0.1 vol.% solid can exhibit shear banding, shear localization or no local phenomenon as a function of chemistry of the suspending media. It was suggested that the existence of master curve (or global flow curve) for dilute suspensions was dependent on the bentonite particle organization in the suspension, which was influenced by the chemistry of the environment and the previous flow history. In the next step, second mineral phase (hematite or quartz) was added to the bentonite matrix. The interest in examination of such systems is related to the flow behavior of matrix formed with different kinds of inter-particle contacts. For example, at pH 4 the resulting electrostatic interaction between positively charged bentonite edge and negatively charged quartz is attractive, whereas at the same pH it is repulsive with the positively charged hematite. These electrostatic interactions result in different organization of matrix particles around another mineral phase. In the system with solely repulsive interactions between all sites of all mineral phases (e.g., quartz and bentonite, pH 10) the deviation from Newtonian behavior is justified by the shear-induced particle rearrangements, collision and friction. The difference in the arrangement of bentonite particle aggregates around the hematite or quartz particles was observed using SEM. As a next step the third mineral phase was added. The types of contacts established in the suspensions with different chemistry of the media were discussed along with their flow propperties
Chernoburova, Olga. „Étude des interactions entre les particules fines dans les suspensions concentrées pour améliorer la valorisation de minerais complexes durable“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0272.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFine particle mineral slurries are known to exhibit non-Newtonian behavior under the load. The particle-particle interactions in such suspensions go beyond physical contact due to the collision and friction. An ability of minerals to gain the charge in the aqueous environment justifies different behaviors of the similar systems. Being characterized with the same volumetric fraction, chemistry and particle size distribution of solids, and specific gravity of dispersing media, two suspensions can possess different rheological behavior due to the chemistry of the solution. In this case, the ionic composition of the media defines particle charging, and thus the degree of agglomeration/dispersion in the suspension. Phyllosilicate clays are known to be particularly problematic in the mineral beneficiation processes. Their nature leads spatial chemical inhomogeneity, meaning that the particle edge and face possess different chemical and physical properties. The presence of such minerals in the stirring devices (stirring tanks, flotation cells) is often characterized with coexistence of stagnant and agitated volumes of slurry, which negatively impacts the efficiency of stirring. In this work, the dilute aqueous Na-bentonite suspensions were examined via magnetic resonance imaging velocimetry to investigate the influence of pH and type of monovalent electrolyte on their local rheological behavior. The results indicated that suspensions with 0.1 vol.% solid can exhibit shear banding, shear localization or no local phenomenon as a function of chemistry of the suspending media. It was suggested that the existence of master curve (or global flow curve) for dilute suspensions was dependent on the bentonite particle organization in the suspension, which was influenced by the chemistry of the environment and the previous flow history. In the next step, second mineral phase (hematite or quartz) was added to the bentonite matrix. The interest in examination of such systems is related to the flow behavior of matrix formed with different kinds of inter-particle contacts. For example, at pH 4 the resulting electrostatic interaction between positively charged bentonite edge and negatively charged quartz is attractive, whereas at the same pH it is repulsive with the positively charged hematite. These electrostatic interactions result in different organization of matrix particles around another mineral phase. In the system with solely repulsive interactions between all sites of all mineral phases (e.g., quartz and bentonite, pH 10) the deviation from Newtonian behavior is justified by the shear-induced particle rearrangements, collision and friction. The difference in the arrangement of bentonite particle aggregates around the hematite or quartz particles was observed using SEM. As a next step the third mineral phase was added. The types of contacts established in the suspensions with different chemistry of the media were discussed along with their flow propperties
Philippe, Adrian-Marie. „Propriétés sous écoulement des suspensions colloïdales de particules non-sphériques : cas des argiles naturelles“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0056/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe focussed our interest on the flow behaviour of colloidal suspensions of natural swelling clays. Such systems are strongly anisotropic since the disk-shaped particles in suspensions display an average diameter around 200 nm with a thickness close to 1 nm. Under flow, and for very low volume fractions (around 1%), these materials display remarkable mechanical properties going from quasi-Newtonian liquid to yield stress gel. In order to understand the mechanisms leading to such macroscopic behaviour, we have set up an experimental device that enables us to perform simultaneously viscosity (in a cylindrical Couette cell) and small angles x-ray scattering measurements. Thanks to this Rheo-SAXS device, we measured the orientational field of strongly anisotropic bi-dimensional particles in shear flow. When no shear is applied (and in the isotropic liquid phase), the particles are randomly oriented and occupy statistically a volume equivalent to that of the sphere of excluded volume encompassing the particle. The stronger is the applied shear stress, the more confined are the disk-like particles and consequently the small amount of fluid trapped in the statistical motion of the particles decreases from that of the sphere of excluded volume to that of an oblate ellipsoid with double anisotropy. Thus, knowing the orientational field of the particles (measured by SAXS) and applying an effective approach as the one suggested by Quemada for hard spheres, we tried to rebuild the shear-thinning behaviour of these suspensions by taking the volume fraction in statistical ellipsoid instead of that of disk-shaped particles
Fins, Carreira Aderito. „Matière active versus gravité : équation d’état et capillarité effectives de suspensions de particules autopropulsées“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleActive matter is a rapidly expanding field in recent years. It consists of entities able to use an energy source to produce local work such as self-propulsion. Such matter, by being out of equilibrium, has fascinating properties such as self-organization as seen in a flock of birds. However, active matter is not limited to biological systems. Active abiotic systems have also been developed. Indeed, during this thesis, we study a system made of self-propelled microparticles. Our objectives are to understand how they organize in the presence of gravity and in contact with a wall. Our system is made of Janus Au/Pt colloids that can self-propel in the presence of hydrogen peroxide by phoretic mechanisms. The colloids being denser than water, they form a monolayer on the bottom of their container. Provided a small tilting angle, we can observed 2D sedimentation. For colloidal systems at equilibrium, the sedimentation profile contains the equation of state of the system. For active systems, an equation of state does not exist in the general case, but analogous thermodynamic quantities can be defined. I measured the sedimentation profile of my active system and compared it to models developed for active Brownian particles in a "dry" environment (ABPs). I showed that the role of the background fluid cannot be neglected. In a second part, we studied the wetting properties of our system. Active mater is known to have effective wetting properties, yet no experimental study with a system analogous to ours has focused on the wetting phenomenon of a wall vertically immersed in a sediment. We show that an adhesion layer is formed with the density rising at the wall. To better understand the observed phenomena, we have confronted them with a numerical model of ABPs for which we can vary the interactions between the particles and the wall. By playing on the adhesion and the alignment with the wall, we are able to reproduce the experimental results. Indeed, the implementation of these interactions at the wall enables, to a certain extent, to take into account numerically the background fluid and thus the hydrodynamic and phoretic interactions that our colloids have with the wall. We thus show that these interactions greatly exacerbates the polarization of the propulsion velocity of the particles at the wall which is largely responsible for the density rise. Indeed, it is known that in the dilute and stationary regime, particles far from the wall are able to polarize against gravity. This polarization is amplified by an alignement with a vertical wall. Furthermore, the addition of an additional attraction allows particles to be more strongly trapped at the wall, and rise higher than ABPs without wall interactions would. As they rise, the particles will "evaporate" and fall away from the wall leading to global fluxes in the system. The wall acts as a pump that sets the particles in motion in the system collectively at a much larger scale than the particle. Finally, because we want to investigate the microrheology on active matter, we also present in this thesis all the updates on the design of a new magnetic microrheometer as well as the work on the stabilization of colloids on glass surfaces with the objective of designing custom imaging cells
Lenoble, Marie. „Ecoulement et ségrégation dans des pâtes granulaires modèle“. Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesreumaux, Nicolas. „Emulsions microfluidiques et rouleurs colloïdaux : effets collectifs en matière molle forcée hors-équilibre“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066071/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmulsions, colloidal suspensions, polymer solutions, bacterial suspensions, ... The dynamical properties of these disperse systems rely on the interplay between the microscopic structure of the dispersed phase, and the flow of the continuous phase.This thesis is devoted to the collective dynamics of suspensions driven out-of-equilibrium. The driving can take place either at the macroscopic scale (advection, uniform strength, ...) or at the microscopic scale (self-propulsion).Our goal is to understand the large scale dynamics of the suspensions on the basis of the symmetries of the interactions between the particles.Our approach is experimental. It relies on microfluidic tools to perform quantitative model experiments. In the first part of the manuscript, I focus on the dynamics of suspensions of passive particles in rigidly confined thin liquid films. In particular, I present experimental and theoretical results on the propagation of linear density waves in advected emulsions. In the second part of the manuscript, I study the collective dynamics of bidimensional assemblies of self-propelled particles embedded in a fluid at rest at infinity. I present our experimental setup based on a new propulsion mechanism for the particles. It enables us to study and understand the emergence of collective motion on the basis of the interactions between the individuals. Finally, I investigate the propagation of non-linear excitations of these assemblies of self-propelled particles in heterogeneous media
Bellino, Isabelle (1973. „Caractérisation de la taille et de la concentration volumique de particules en suspension“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerho, Catherine. „Caractérisation de fractions hétérogènes par méthodes optiques au cours de procédés de fabrication. : Application aux suspensions papetières et vinicoles“. Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to study the evolution of these fractions during the transformation of the organic matter by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Suspensions which are representative of two conditions of organic matter evolution are selected : paper and wine-making suspensions. A study of model suspensions and solutions allows to show the influence of the nature and the size of particules or macromolecules an the optical responses. The application of this work to real suspensions leads to qualitative information of transferts phenomena of matter. From a quantitative point of view, the deconvolution of organic compounds which present specific UV responses. Concerning both organic and mineral compounds, the coupling UV-visible spectrophotometry/laser granulometry is promising. Quantification of phenolic compounds in wine-making suspensions is difficult because of the complexity of the matrix
Bongono, Julien. „Caracterisation des suspensions par des methodes optiques. modelisation par reseaux de neurones“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Hijri Jawad. „Contribution expérimentale et numérique à l'étude de la remise en suspension des particules par l'activité humaine“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePour l'instant trop peu d'études ont été consacrées aux aspects de la remise en suspension des particules car de façon générale, qu'il s'agisse d'habitations ou de grands volumes ouverts au public, les vitesses de l'air restent relativement faibles et permettent difficilement d'«arracher» les particules déposées. C'est dans cet esprit que nous avons élaboré en cellule test, un protocole expérimental pour mettre en évidence ce phénomène. Nos expérimentations permettront de dégager une tendance visant la modélisation du comportement particulaire en phase de remise en suspension.
Nous nous sommes basés sur l'analogie électrique des cycles de charge – décharge d'un self dans une résistance dans un circuit RL pour modéliser le dépôt et la remise en suspension des particules.
Les résultats fournis par le modèle reproduisent dans la majorité des cas les résultats expérimentaux sur des intervalles représentatifs de temps.
Roht, Yanina Lucrecia. „Transport et dispersion d’un traceur dans un écoulement de suspensions oscillant“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe study the transport and the hydrodynamical dispersion of a passive tracer and/or a suspension of non-Brownian particles in two model fractures with smooth walls or a random distribution of obstacles in the aperture. We use an oscillating flow of a Newtonian fluid in order to study the effects of the reversibility of the displacement on dispersion. We characterize quantitatively the effects of the characteristic parameters of the flow: period T and amplitude A of the oscillations, and characteristic time τ_m of molecular diffusion across the thickness of the cell.In the case of smooth walls, we show that the dispersion regimes are determined by the value of the ratio τ_m/T. For τ_m/T≤2, the Taylor dispersion mechanism is dominant and irreversible at the global scale. For τ_m/T≥20, one has a partly reversible regime in which mixing remains diffusive at the global scale but, locally, the distribution of the particles in the thickness of the cell follows the oscillations v_x (z,t) of the local velocity. In this case, there exists a purely convective and reversible dispersion component.In the case of a cell with rough walls, flow disorder due to the obstacles results in a geometrical dispersion component when τ_m/T≤0,6, for which the dispersivity normalized by the amplitude l_d/A does not depend on the period T. The Taylor dispersion regime is observed in a range 0,8≤τ_m/T≤1 depending on the amplitude of the oscillation. When τ_m/T≥20, one obtains the partly reversible dispersion regime already observed previously for the smooth cell. Comparing these results to those obtained by complementary techniques (echo and transmission) allows us to separate the irreversible component of dispersion from the reversible one associated to macroscopic preferential flow channels due to the fracture geometry.The influence on dispersion of a suspension of 40 µm diameter non Brownian particles in the oscillating flow has then be studied in the cell with smooth walls. The global tracer dispersion measurements have shown the same dispersion regimes than without particles with domains of existence determined, like in this latter case, by the value of the ratio τ_m/T.In order to understand better the origin of these results at the microscopic scale, we tracked the individual trajectories of the particles in an oscillating flow. Their motion and the distribution of their velocities have been measured in several layers at different distances from the walls in the cell thickness. The particles are observed to follow the flow liens; the profile of their velocities in the thickness displays the parabolic shape of a Posieuille profile. Moreover, we compared the distribution of the particles after a certain number of oscillations to those at the initial time and observed, for long periods T, a migration of the particles towards the vicinity of the cell walls. Moreover, the motion of some particles display a kinematic reversibility and follow the same trajectory for both directions of the flow, even when there are interactions with the others.Finally, when the concentration of the particles is increased, one observes a structuration of the suspension into bands perpendicular to the flow. The wavelength λ of this instability has been studied as a function of geometrical (thickness H and width of the cell, particle diameter) and physical parameters (viscosity and density of the fluid, particle density) and of the characteristics of the flow (sine or square wave variation of the flow, amplitude A et period T). The normalized wavelength λ/H increases linearly with the normalized amplitude A/H but is constant with T and H and with the particle diameter. At the local level, the instability corresponds to periodic variations of the particle concentration along the length of the cell which extend across its whole thickness H
Se estudió el transporte y dispersión hidrodinámica de un trazador pasivo y/o de una suspensión de partículas en una fractura de paredes lisas y en otra, con una distribución aleatoria de obstáculos en su espesor. Se utiliza un flujo oscilante de un fluido newtoniano, permitiéndonos observar los efectos de la reversibilidad del desplazamiento sobre el fenómeno. En todos los casos se buscó cuantificar la influencia de los parámetros característicos del flujo: el período T y la amplitud A de las oscilaciones, el tiempo característico de difusión molecular sobre el espesor τ_m, la concentración y el tamaño de las partículas. En el caso de paredes lisas, se puso en evidencia que los regímenes de dispersión están gobernados por la relación τ_m /T. Se encontró que, a bajos τ_m /T ≤ 2, el régimen de dispersión de Taylor es dominante y, a escala global, es irreversible. Para τ_m /T ≥ 20 encontramos un régimen parcialmente reversible donde la mezcla continúa siendo difusiva a escala global; sin embargo, localmente, las simulaciones numéricas de tipo Monte Carlo mostraron que la distribución de partículas de trazador en el espesor sigue las oscilaciones de la velocidad local v_x (z, t). En este caso, el coeficiente de dispersión tiene una componente puramente convectiva, que es reversible. En el caso de una celda rugosa, el desorden introducido por los obstáculos hizo aparecer la dispersión geométrica a τ_m /T ≤ 0,6, donde la dispersividad ldg varía con la amplitud y no depende del período de la oscilación del flujo. El régimen de dispersión de Taylor se detectó en un intervalo de la relación entre los tiempos característicos más estrecho que en el caso de celda lisa, 〖0,8≤τ〗_m/T≤1, este rango depende de la amplitud de la oscilación. También se encontró el régimen de dispersión parcialmente reversible, para τ_m /T ≥ 20, correspondiendo con lo visto previamente en la celda de paredes lisas. Con técnicas complementarias (eco y transmisión), se aisló la componente de la dispersión irreversible de la reversible indicando la existencia de canales de flujo macroscópicos generados por la geometría de la fractura. Luego, se estudió el efecto sobre la dispersión por la presencia de una suspensión de partículas de poliestireno de 40 μm de diámetro, en la celda de Hele-Shaw lisa, con un flujo oscilante. En la medida global de la dispersión, se encontraron básicamente los mismos regímenes que en la celda lisa. Luego, en una escala microscópica, para terminar de comprender lo que sucede en el fenómeno de dispersión, se realizó el seguimiento de las trayectorias individuales de las partículas dentro de la celda sometidas a un flujo oscilante. Se analizó el movimiento en diferentes capas del espesor y se obtuvieron las distribuciones de velocidades. Se pudo observar que, las partículas se mueven siguiendo las diferentes líneas de corriente y su perfil de velocidades mantiene la forma parabólica característica de Poiseuille. Por otro lado, se aislaron las trayectorias que presentan reversibilidad cinemática, comprobando que hay partículas que van y vienen por el mismo camino, aún en presencia de interacciones débiles entre ellas. Por último, se aumentó la concentración de partículas presentes en la suspensión y se observó que, con un flujo oscilante, la suspensión dentro de la celda se estructura formando bandas periódicas transversales al flujo. Se caracterizó la dependencia de la longitud de onda λ de esta inestabilidad en función de parámetros geométricos (apertura y ancho de la celda, diámetro de partículas); físicos (viscosidad del fluido, densidad de las partículas) y geometría de flujo (sinusoidal, onda cuadrada, T y A). Se encontró que: para cada espesor de la celda, diferente diámetro y densidad de las partículas, viscosidades del fluido, λ resulta constante con T y aumenta linealmente con A. Localmente, se observó que la inestabilidad corresponde a variaciones de la concentración de las partículas en el espesor de la celda
Bruneau, Denis-Michel. „Sédimentation d'une suspension diluée confinée dans un récipient vertical“. Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarechal, Ewen. „Etude du colmatage des systèmes carburant de turboréacteurs par des suspensions denses de particules de glace“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWater, which exists naturally in jet-engine fuel, may freeze within theaircraft fuel pipes under certain temperatures and flow rates. The ice particles released by these deposits are entrained by the flow, and clog the hydraulics downstream. The understanding of this phenomenon, highlighted by the crash of a Boeing 777 in 2008, is an important issue for the aviation industry. Therefore a device has been designed to reproduce this threat in a controlled and quantified way. Water is atomized in low temperature jet-engine fuel and the droplets crystallize. The resulting slurry clogs different kinds of perforated targets. Temperatures, flow rates and pressure drops are monitored, and the phenomenon is filmed by a high frequency camera. A model was constructed based on these observations and data from literature and feedbacks. For the fluid phase, the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved within a finite volume framework. The pressure-velocity coupling is achieved using the SIMPLE algorithm and high order of accuracy thanks to the MLS method. The solid phase is simulated using discrete elements. The fluid-particle interaction is based on a porous medium approach. A CFD-DEM parallel code has been developed to run the model. The first simulations of flow through granular media are in good agreement with experimental results
Pham, Ba Tung. „Caractérisation du potentiel de ségrégation des particules colloidales et non-colloidales des suspensions cimentaires sous cisaillement“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to study the phenomenon of segregation of colloidal and non-colloidal particles in sheared cementitious suspensions and to determine a quantitative rheometric criterion capable of evaluating their segregability during rheological characterization tests.In order to meet this objective, we apply a specific methodology allowing, on the one hand, the rheological characterization of cementitious suspensions under shear using a rheometer equipped with coaxial cylinders and, on the other hand, the monitoring of their state of stability during characterization. The experimental protocol consists of two identical cycles and different decreasing shear gradient steps, allowing the rheological characterization of the suspensions. The rheometric tests were performed systematically twice by varying the vertical gap between the mobile and the container. The rheological characterization of the suspensions has been associated with several density measurements in the different parts of the rheometer at characteristic moments of the rheometric test for monitoring the stability and quantitative evaluation of possible segregation. All the results made it possible to define a segregation criterion based solely on the rheometric measurements making it possible to quantify the segregability of the cementitious suspensions during the rheological characterization because of the shear. The rheometric results between two geometrical configurations of shearing devices were compared in order to study the influence of the geometrical characteristics of coaxial cylinder rheometers on the segregation potential of cementitious (colloidal) particles and spherical glass beads(non-colloidal). The observed differences were analyzed using numerical flow simulations in each configuration using the COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software.It has been shown that the effect of the bottom has a significant influence on the rheometric results of the cement suspensions causing a modification of this methodology according to the configuration. In addition, for the configuration used in this work, the segregation of the particles becomes more pronounced in the second cycle instead of the 1st cycle signifying a segregation delay in this case. This delay is due to the large serrations on the walls of the cylinders compared to the horizontal gap which causes a turbulent fluid flow in the rheometer preventing the segregation of the particles. Numerical simulation has also shown that the particle segregation potential is mainly influenced by the presence or absence of grooves on the container wall. On the other hand, the introduction of glass beads, considered as non-colloidal particles, does not influence the segregation of the colloidal particles. Segregative grouts can be divided into two types: weakly segregative where segregation of the beads does not occur; highly segregative where the beads begin to segregate. These findings were confirmed by the comparative analysis of the variation of the segregability criterion during the rheometric tests between grouts with and without beads
Lisse, Isabelle. „Enrobage et rhéologie de suspensions de particules de carbonate de calcium précipité dispersées en milieu organique“. Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGachelin, Jeremie. „Rhéologie et comportement de suspensions de Escherichia Coli en milieux confinés“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066406/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIf we put active particles, ie. motile particles, in suspension into a _uid, collective behaviors can occur. In this document, we present experimental works using Escherichia Coli, a biological particle, micro_uidic devices, and numerical simulations. By these ways, we caracterized these swimmers, their collective motions, the impact of an external shear on their behavior, and rheological behavior of this kind of suspensions. We show that the typical size of these collective motions increases smoothly with the volume fraction, and that a critical shear rate exist and is the same for individual and collective motion under shear. We also show for that bacterial suspensions have a non-newtonian viscosity and describe their rheological behavior
Boyer, Francois. „Suspensions concentrées : expériences originales de rhéologie“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 1970, George K. Batchelor suggested that the knowledge of the laws of hydrodynamics made possible the derivation of macroscopic rheological properties such as the effective viscosity, from the knowledge of the microstructure of a suspension of particles. Forty years later, his hopes have not materialized and the rheology of suspensions, particularly in the concentrated regime, remains an area of active research. Considering suspensions of non-colloidal particles in a Newtonian liquid, the experimental work in this thesis was first attached to unify the concepts traditionally defined rheology of suspensions and those from recent advances on granular flows. For this purpose, an original of shear imposed pressure was developed and showed a clear characterization of constitutive equations in the dense regime. Subsequently, the configurations of free surface flows have been used for the measurement of both normal stress differences. Finally, the coherence of all the experimental results gives a complete and consistent formulation of the rheology of non-colloidal suspensions
Condoret, Jean-Stéphane. „Etude des transferts en écoulement pulsé dans un lit de particules“. Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT011G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDusanter, Anne. „Etude des interactions formulation - rhéologie des suspensions concentrées en vue de leur séchage par pulvérisation“. Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1687.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpray drying of suspensions often leads to high energy costs and requires the development of new processes. This work deals with spray drying of CaCO3 concentrated suspensions. Two processes of drying were studied : traditional spray drying and drying in a fluidized bed of inert particles. Through the adequate use of dispersant, it is possible to prepare pulverizable suspensions and to optimize their dryness. The traditional process gives spherical particles with a good flowability. Spray drying in a fluidized bed of inert glass beads strongly increases the surface for mass and heat transfer, and gives a very fine powder. Due to intensive interparticle shocks, induced by the fluidized bed movement, the crushing of the coating occurs. The process analysis is deepened by local scale studies: the drying kinetics, with the installation of a drying duct, and the adhesion phenomenon with the shear test setup
Mouhab, Nordine. „Dépôts sur les parois de fines particules en suspension dans un gaz“. Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI198.
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