Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Survival skills – Juvenile fiction“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Survival skills – Juvenile fiction"
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Gögele, Clemens, Gundula Schulze-Tanzil, Maria Kokozidou, Christiane Gäbel, Moritz Billner, Bert Reichert und Karl Bodenschatz. „Growth characteristics of human juvenile, adult and murine fibroblasts: a comparison of polymer wound dressings“. Journal of Wound Care 29, Nr. 10 (02.10.2020): 572–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.10.572.
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Objective: Fibroblasts are important for the successful healing of deep wounds. However, the influence exerted by Cuticell, a natural polymer on fibroblasts and by the synthetic polymer, Suprathel, made of poly-L-lactic acid, is not sufficiently characterised. This study compared the survival and growth characteristics of human juvenile and adult dermal fibroblasts as well as murine fibroblast cell line L929, on a natural polymer with those of a synthetic polymer using different culture models. Method: Murine, juvenile and adult human fibroblasts were seeded on both the natural and synthetic polymers using statical slide culture or the medium air interface and dynamical rotatory culture. Cell adherence, viability, morphology and actin cytoskeleton architecture were monitored for 1–7 days. Biomaterial permeability was checked with a previously established diffusion chamber. Results: The majority of the murine and adult human fibroblasts survived in slide and rotatory cultures on both wound dressings. The fibroblasts seeded on the synthetic polymer exhibited phenotypically a typical spread shape with multiple cell adhesion sites earlier than those on the natural polymer. The highest survival rates in all tested fibroblast species over the entire observation time were detected in rotatory culture (mean: >70%). Nevertheless, it led to cell-cluster formation on both materials. In the medium air interface culture, few adult fibroblasts adhered and survived until the seventh day of culture on both the natural and synthetic polymers, and no viable juvenile and L929 fibroblasts could be found by day seven. Apart from a significant higher survival rate of L929 in slide culture on the natural polymer compared with the synthetic polymer at the end of the culturing period (p<0.0001), and a higher cell survival of L929 on the natural polymer in medium air interface culture, only minor differences between both materials were evident. This suggested a comparable cytocompatibility of both materials. Permeability testing revealed slightly higher permeance of the natural polymer compared with the synthetic polymer. Conclusion: Cell survival rates depended on the culture system and the fibroblast source. Nevertheless, the juvenile skin fibroblasts were the most sensitive. This observation suggests that wound dressings used in treating children should be tested beforehand with juvenile fibroblasts to ensure the dressing does not compromise wound healing. Future experiments should also include the response of compromised fibroblasts, for example, from burn patients.
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Afán, Isabel, Joan Navarro, David Grémillet, Marta Coll und Manuela G. Forero. „Maiden voyage into death: are fisheries affecting seabird juvenile survival during the first days at sea?“ Royal Society Open Science 6, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 181151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181151.
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The study of juvenile migration behaviour of seabird species has been limited so far by the inability to track their movements during long time periods. Foraging and flying skills of young individuals are assumed to be inferior to those of adults, making them more vulnerable during long-distance migrations. In addition to natural oceanographic effects and intrinsic conditions, incidental seabird harvest by human fisheries is one of the main causes of worldwide seabird population declines, and it has been hypothesized that juveniles are particularly vulnerable to bycatch during their first weeks at sea after leaving the nest. We used solar-powered satellite tags to track the at-sea movements of adults and juveniles of Scopoli's shearwater ( Calonectris diomedea ) after the autumn departure from their breeding colony in Chafarinas Islands (southwestern Mediterranean Sea). Eighty per cent of juvenile tags stopped transmitting during the first week at sea, within 50 km of their natal colony, in an area with one of the highest concentrations of fishing activities in the Mediterranean Sea. All adult birds tagged and only 20% of juveniles migrated into the Atlantic and southwards along the coast of West Africa. The two age groups showed different habitat preferences, with juveniles travelling farther from the coast, in windier and less productive waters than adults. We conclude that Scopoli's shearwater juveniles are particularly vulnerable to mortality events, and we highlight that fisheries, along with differential age-related behaviour skills between adults and juveniles, are likely causes of this mortality. Overall, our study highlights the importance of conducting tracking studies during the first stages of juvenile migration.
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Riotte-Lambert, Louise, und Henri Weimerskirch. „Do naive juvenile seabirds forage differently from adults?“ Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, Nr. 1768 (07.10.2013): 20131434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1434.
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Foraging skills of young individuals are assumed to be inferior to those of adults. The reduced efficiency of naive individuals may be the primary cause of the high juvenile mortality and explain the deferment of maturity in long-lived species. However, the study of juvenile and immature foraging behaviour has been limited so far. We used satellite telemetry to compare the foraging movements of juveniles, immatures and breeding adult wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans , a species where foraging success is positively influenced by the distance covered daily. We showed that juveniles are able to use favourable winds as soon as the first month of independence, but cover shorter distances daily and spend more time sitting on water than adults during the first two months after fledging. These reduced movement capacities do not seem to be the cause of higher juvenile mortality. Moreover, juveniles almost never restrict their movement to specific areas, as adults and immatures frequently do over shelf edges or oceanic zones, which suggest that the location of appropriate areas is learned through experience. Immatures and adults have equivalent movement capacities, but when they are central place foragers, i.e. when adults breed or immatures come to the colony to display and pair, immatures make shorter trips than adults. The long duration of immaturity in this species seems to be related to a long period of learning to integrate the foraging constraints associated with reproduction and central place foraging. Our results indicate that foraging behaviour of young albatrosses is partly innate and partly learned progressively over immaturity. The first months of learning appear critical in terms of survival, whereas the long period of immaturity is necessary for young birds to attain the skills necessary for efficient breeding without fitness costs.
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Odintsova, S. А. „Formation of primary school students’ communicative skills based on teambuilding: potential and awareness assessment“. Bulletin of the Karaganda university Pedagogy series 11429, Nr. 2 (30.06.2024): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024ped2/118-129.
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In the article the importance of communication in the infancy of mankind was emphasized for conducting joint economic activity, survival in harsh and dangerous conditions, and in the modern world — for achieving professional goals. The authors note that the society has formed a social order to the education system to develop a competitive personality possessing the basic skills and competencies of the XXI century, one of which is the ability to communicate — to socialize and to cooperate. Based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and normative documents, it was concluded that it was necessary for the implementation of social orders to pay due attention to the formation of students’ communicative skills. In pedagogical theory and practice, researchers use game technologies, the project method, staging and theatricalization of works of fiction, situational exercises and tasks aimed at the formation of communicative skills. The authors of the article consider the formation of communication skills of younger schoolchildren based on team building. Within the framework of this study, a survey among primary school teachers was conducted and results about the teambuilding awareness, its opportunities in forming student communicative skills were presented
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Efendi, Eko. „Application Of Airlift Diffuser Technique In Lobster (Panulirus Sp) Breeding“. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Bangka Belitung 10, Nr. 1 (03.10.2023): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jpu.v10i1.4051.
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With the issuance of Ministerial Regulation of the Ministry of Fisheries Number 56 of 2016 concerning catching lobsters, crabs and blue swimming crabs, it can encourage the development of lobster farming businesses. The main problem in lobster nursery activities (Panulirus spp) is still having problems, namely the low survival rate at the juvenile lobster stage. This is presumably due to water quality, especially the low oxygen demand. Another factor is the cannibalistic nature of the juvenile lobsters. This service activity aims to provide understanding to the community, especially lobster collectors in Rangai Tri Tunggal Village, Katibung District regarding the application of airlift technology in lobster hatchery activities. In general, the level of knowledge and skills of group members regarding the manufacture of airlift diffusers is still low, namely 10%. However, after the training was held, knowledge and skills increased to 75%. Airlift diffuser technology is very appropriate to be used to help overcome production costs by reducing the use of electrical energy to assist in maintaining and managing water quality. Lobster cultivation can be used as a community business on a small scale and can be used as an alternative when there are restrictions on lobsters with sizes below those specified in KP Ministerial Decree No. 56 of 2016.
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Rumyantseva, Anastasia, Elisa Motori und Aleksandra Trifunovic. „DARS2 is indispensable for Purkinje cell survival and protects against cerebellar ataxia“. Human Molecular Genetics 29, Nr. 17 (07.08.2020): 2845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaa176.
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Abstract Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation disorder (LBSL) arises from mutations in mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (DARS2) gene. The disease has a childhood or juvenile-onset and is clinically characterized by cerebellar ataxia, cognitive decline and distinct morphological abnormalities upon magnetic resonance imaging. We previously demonstrated that neurons and not adult myelin-producing cells are specifically sensitive to DARS2 loss, hence likely the primary culprit in LBSL disorder. We used conditional Purkinje cell (PCs)-specific Dars2 deletion to elucidate further the cell-type-specific contribution of this class of neurons to the cerebellar impairment observed in LBSL. We show that DARS2 depletion causes a severe mitochondrial dysfunction concomitant with a massive loss of PCs by the age of 15 weeks, thereby rapidly deteriorating motor skills. Our findings conclusively show that DARS2 is indispensable for PC survival and highlights the central role of neuroinflammation in DARS2-related PC degeneration.
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Wheelwright, Nathaniel T., und Jennifer J. Templeton. „Development of Foraging Skills and the Transition to Independence in Juvenile Savannah Sparrows“. Condor 105, Nr. 2 (01.05.2003): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/105.2.279.
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Abstract We investigated the timing and pattern of the development of foraging skills in juvenile Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis). Juveniles of known age, parentage, and in some cases sex were mist netted and tested in an aviary on Kent Island, an isolated island in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Captive birds were exposed to three standardized and ecologically relevant foraging tasks: locating spittle bugs (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in spittle masses on goldenrod (Solidago rugosa) plants, small caterpillars under spruce (Picea glauca) bud scales, and beetle larvae under leaves. The feeding trials involved 33 juveniles aged 17–42 days, four independent juveniles whose precise ages were not known, and five adults for comparison. The performance of juvenile sparrows on all three tasks showed rapid improvement between 22 and 24 days of age. Thereafter, foraging proficiency (number of foraging attempts, number of prey obtained, foraging efficiency) did not improve significantly with age among juveniles; in fact, older juveniles performed as well as adults. Juvenile males obtained more prey items than juvenile females in aviary trials. Foraging proficiency in captivity was not a good predictor of survival to the following year, and it appeared not to be influenced by brood membership or parental age. The age at which foraging performance improved in captivity coincided with the age at which parents cease attending their fledglings in the field, suggesting that the duration of postfledging parental care may be determined by the speed at which juveniles can develop foraging skills. Desarrollo de Destreza para Forrajear y Transición a la Independencia en Juveniles de Passerculus sandwichensis Resumen. Investigamos el tiempo y el patrón de desarrollo de destreza para forrajear en juveniles de Passerculus sandwichensis. Se capturaron y se evaluaron juveniles de edad, origen, y (en algunos casos) sexo conocidos en una pajarera en Kent Island, Bahía de Fundy, Canadá. Las aves capturadas se expusieron a tres tareas de forrajeo estandarizadas y ecológicamente relevantes: localizar insectos (Homoptera: Cercopidae) en su espuma en hierbas (Solidago), orugas pequeñas en las ramitas de Picea glauca, y larvas de escarabajo debajo de hojas. Utilizamos 33 juveniles de 17–42 días de edad, 4 juveniles independientes de edades desconocidas y 5 adultos para comparar. El desempeño de los juveniles en las tres tareas mostró una mejoría rápida entre 22 y 24 días de edad. A partir de entonces, la competencia al forrajear (número de intentos de forrajeo, número de presas obtenidas, eficiencia de forrajeo) no mejoró significativamente con la edad entre los juveniles; de hecho, los juveniles mayores se desempeñaron tan bien como los adultos. Los machos juveniles consiguieron más presas que las hembras en las pruebas. La competencia al forrajear en cautiverio predijo la sobrevivencia hasta el siguiente año adecuadamente, y pareció no ser influenciada por la nidada a que se pertenecía o por la edad de los padres. La edad en que la competencia al forrajear mejoró en cautiverio coincidió estrechamente con la edad en que los padres dejan de cuidar a los volantones en el campo, lo cual sugiere que la duración del cuidado de los padres después de que los polluelos salen del nido puede ser determinada por la rapidez con que los juveniles puedan desarrollar destreza para forrajear.
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Joo, Soohyung, Erin Ingram und Maria Cahill. „Exploring Topics and Genres in Storytime Books: A Text Mining Approach“. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, Nr. 4 (15.12.2021): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29963.
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Objective – While storytime programs for preschool children are offered in nearly all public libraries in the United States, little is known about the books librarians use in these programs. This study employed text analysis to explore topics and genres of books recommended for public library storytime programs. Methods – In the study, the researchers randomly selected 429 children books recommended for preschool storytime programs. Two corpuses of text were extracted from the titles, abstracts, and subject terms from bibliographic data. Multiple text mining methods were employed to investigate the content of the selected books, including term frequency, bi-gram analysis, topic modeling, and sentiment analysis. Results – The findings revealed popular topics in storytime books, including animals/creatures, color, alphabet, nature, movements, families, friends, and others. The analysis of bibliographic data described various genres and formats of storytime books, such as juvenile fiction, rhymes, board books, pictorial work, poetry, folklore, and nonfiction. Sentiment analysis results reveal that storytime books included a variety of words representing various dimensions of sentiment. Conclusion – The findings suggested that books recommended for storytime programs are centered around topics of interest to children that also support school readiness. In addition to selecting fictionalized stories that will support children in developing the academic concepts and socio-emotional skills necessary for later success, librarians should also be mindful of integrating informational texts into storytime programs.
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Preuschoft, Signe, Ishak Yassir, Asti Iryanti Putri, Nur Aoliya, Erma Yuliani, Siti Nur Badriyah, Paloma Corbi et al. „Learning to Be an Orangutan—Implications of Life History for Orangutan Rehabilitation“. Animals 11, Nr. 3 (10.03.2021): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030767.
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Orangutans depend on social learning for the acquisition of survival skills. The development of skills is not usually assessed in rescued orphans’ pre-release. We collected data of seven orphans over an 18-months-period to monitor the progress of ontogenetic changes. The orphans, 1.5–9 years old, were immersed in a natural forest environment with human surrogate mothers and other orphans. Social interactions deviated significantly from those of wild mother-reared immatures. Infants spent more time playing socially with peers, at the expense of resting and solitary play. Infants were also more often and at an earlier age distant from their human surrogate mothers than wild immatures are from their biological mothers. We found important changes towards an orangutan-typical lifestyle in 4- to 7-year-old orphans, corresponding to the weaning age in maternally reared immatures. The older orphans spent less time interacting with human surrogate mothers or peers, started to use the canopy more than lower forest strata and began to sleep in nests in the forest. Their time budgets resembled those of wild adults. In conclusion, juvenile orphans can develop capacities that qualify them as candidates for release back into natural habitat when protected from humanising influences and immersed in a species-typical environment.
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Allison, Mari-Lisa, Rebecca Reed, Emile Michels und Neeltje J. Boogert. „The drivers and functions of rock juggling in otters“. Royal Society Open Science 7, Nr. 5 (Mai 2020): 200141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200141.
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Object play refers to the seemingly non-functional manipulation of inanimate items when in a relaxed state. In juveniles, object play may help develop skills to aid survival. However, why adults show object play remains poorly understood. We studied potential drivers and functions of the well-known object play behaviour of rock juggling in Asian small-clawed ( Aonyx cinereus ) and smooth-coated ( Lutrogale perspicillata ) otters. These are closely related species, but Asian small-clawed otters perform extractive foraging movements to exploit crabs and shellfish while smooth-coated otters forage on fish. We thus predicted that frequent rock jugglers might be better at solving extractive foraging puzzles in the first species, but not the latter. We also assessed whether species, age, sex and hunger correlated with rock juggling frequency. We found that juvenile and senior otters juggled more than adults. However, rock juggling frequency did not differ between species or sexes. Otters juggled more when ‘hungry’, but frequent jugglers did not solve food puzzles faster. Our results suggest that rock juggling may be a misdirected behaviour when hungry and may facilitate juveniles' motor development, but it appears unrelated to foraging skills. We suggest future studies to reveal the ontogeny, evolution and welfare implications of this object play behaviour.
Bücher zum Thema "Survival skills – Juvenile fiction"
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Willson, Sarah. Timmy's School Survival Handbook. New York: Scholastic, 2004.
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Houston, James A. Frozen fire. 2. Aufl. New York: Aladdin Paperbacks, 1992.
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3
J, MacHale D., Rogow Stan und Stan Rogow Productions, Hrsg. Survival: A novelization. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 2007.
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4
Dixon, Franklin W. Survival of the fittest. New York: Pocket Books, 1997.
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Ryherd, Tim. My hurricane book. Beaumont, TX: Tim Ryherd Pub., 2006.
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Goodhart, Pippa. Alona's story. London, Eng: Mammoth, 1999.
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Capetta, Amy Rose. Unmade. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Trade & Reference Publishers, 2015.
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Chandler, Kristen. Wolves, boys, and other things that might kill me. New York: Viking, 2010.
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Gott, Robert. Jinxed. Northborough, MA: Sundance Pub., 2007.
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Moss, Marissa. Amelia's bully survival guide. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 2006.
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Martin, Theodore. „Survival“. In Contemporary Drift, 161–94. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231181921.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 reads end-of-the-world fiction as a window onto the temporal and political paradoxes of survival. I argue that the very notion of survival skills acquires new meaning in a neoliberal era where life has become indistinguishable from work, and where stable work has become harder to protect. Reading novels by Colson Whitehead, Ben Marcus, Cormac McCarthy, and Joshua Ferris, I show how the essential monotony of the post-apocalyptic genre offers a crucial formal strategy for depicting the laborious yet precarious conditions of postindustrial work.