Dissertationen zum Thema „Surface et interfaces“
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Lenne, Quentin. „Interfaces et nano-objets fonctionnels et biomimétiques pour l'électrocatalyse“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1S143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this manuscript is focused on the surface functionalization of metallic nanoparticles with a covalently-bound monolayers of calix[4]arenes. The catalytic activity of these modified systems was then studied for the activation of small fuel molecules such as oxygen, methanol, and carbon dioxide
Champougny, Lorène. „Génération et rupture de films liquides minces“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS221/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ephemeral beauty of soap films is not only a source of wonder and poetic inspiration, but also conceals fundamental scientific questions, which are at the heart of various applications, ranging from shampoo formulation to oil recovery. This work aims at understanding how the life of a soap film, from its generation until its rupture, is affected by the physical-chemical properties of the surfactants used to stabilise it.First, I present a stationary model describing the generation of vertical soap films, under the assumption of insoluble surfactants. I show that the film thickness is controlled by both the generation velocity and the film surface elasticity. The model successfully describes experimental data for soluble surfactants, at least when adsorption is slow. I also introduce an original experimental set up for the generation of liquid films stabilised by insoluble surfactants, which are certainly a promising model system. Secondly, I study the time evolution – i.e. the drainage and rupture – of thin films pulled from a liquid bath, starting with the simplified case of pure liquids. Implementing a non-stationary simulation, I am able to predict the lifetime of silicone oil thin films as a function of the generation velocity, which I find in quantitative agreement with experimental data. I then carry out systematic experiments to characterise the drainage of soap films for various generation velocities, environmental humidities and positions in the film. I also demonstrate the influence of dTAB concentration and humidity on film lifetime. Finally, I investigate how surfactant concentration affects the drainage and break-up dynamics of hemispherical soap bubbles at the surface of a liquid pool, which is a system somewhat closer to real foams
Bourdoucen, Hadj. „Etude des surfaces d'InP et des interfaces InP-isolant par photoluminescence“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376033378.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBernardi, Sarah. „Surfaces polymères antibactériennes à base de polyionènes : synthèses et études aux interfaces en physico-chimie et biologie“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBacterial contamination of surfaces is one of the most pressing concerns for the medical and the food industries. In order to act prior to the biofilm formation, we chose a preemptive strategy by creating contact-bioactive surfaces to inhibit bacteria without releasing bioactive agents. The main objective of this thesis is to prepare such surfaces by covalently grafting polyionenes (PI) and to study their biological characteristics, as well as the influence of the polymer structure on these properties.PI possess both powerful and versatile antimicrobial properties, which can be controlled by fine-tuning the charges/hydrophobic spacers ratio. A range of PI was synthesized by varying both the length and the nature of the spacers (aliphatic and ether), as well as the molecular weight, in order to evaluate the impact of these parameters on antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. The aliphatic series was found to be more bacteriostatic, with an efficiency gradient that increases with the length of the aliphatic spacer.The aliphatic PI were then covalently grafted onto glass surfaces and silicon wafers using a sequential procedure combining polydopamine coating, diazonium salts induced polymerization and surface polyaddition. The chemical steps were characterized in detail via various surface analysis techniques (XPS, energy and zeta potential measurements). Antibacterial properties of the grafted surfaces were then evaluated by adhesion tests (total flora observations and enumerations of viable cultivable flora). PI-grafted surfaces were shown to display effective and versatile antibacterial properties, associated with a pro-adhesive effect. Cytotoxicity tests also demonstrated the absence of release and the non-toxicity of these materials. X-ray and neutron reflectivity experiments were performed on PI grafted chains to determine the thickness of polymers layers and to establish a link between the chains conformation and their mechanism of action towards bacteria.During this thesis, three procedures were developed to covalently functionalize polyethylene (PE) surfaces, the main component of food packaging. Firstly, PI were grafted onto PE with a chemical process similar to the one performed on glass. Secondly, a PI based ink was prepared to functionalize the PE film with an ink-jet printing process. Lastly, in order to develop a more industrializable process, PI were incorporated in bulk during the extrusion of PE films. For each procedure, we evaluated the possibility of their applications by characterizing their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties
Taleb, Mandana. „Phénomènes aux interfaces des isolants : mesure et simulation“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1550/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to their thermal, electrical or mechanical properties, solid organic dielectrics are more and more used in electronic, electrical and microelectronic domains. However, these dielectrics are mainly used in systems where they are in contact with other components: with semi-conducting screens in High Voltage cables, with substrates and other dielectrics in multi-layer systems, with micro or nano-particles of organic or inorganic materials. Interfaces exist in such systems and contribute to the space charge accumulation in solid dielectrics. This charge build-up can lead to dielectric breakdown, meaning the failure of the system. The major problem remains the physical description of these interfaces, as it is known that injection of charges from the interfaces is determinant in the charge generation and transport. Indeed, theoretical approaches like the Schottky injection law do not provide an adequate description of experimental currents in wide band gap insulations. Recently, surface states at the metal/organic interface were suggested as the source of additional energetic disorder, localized near the interface. Localized states at the interface are known to have a large impact on charge injection and extraction so a better understanding of the interface mechanisms is then necessary in order to develop an alternative model for charge injection. The aim of this work is to better understand the impact of the nature of the metal and of the surface topology on the charge generation at a metal/ dielectric interface. This work is based on a dual approach modeling and experience. The insulation used is here is the low density polyethylene (LDPE). First, we characterized experimentally metal / insulator interfaces thanks to the available measures (measures of space charge, current conduction, luminescence, profilometry. . . ). In a second step, we developed a numerical model capable of taking into account the surface states. The approach is original, because the study focuses on charge injection and transport with an exponential distribution of energy states at the interface
Bouali, Bachir. „Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes de mouillage pour la caractérisation des surfaces et interfaces : maîtrise de la physico-chimie et de la morphologie des surfaces pour régler les propriétés fonctionnelles des interfaces : applications industrielles“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrado, Gaël. „Propriétés de jets granulaires denses et mesure d'une tension de surface granulaire“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14727/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGranular media exhibit a broad range of behaviours that can be related to the common states of matter: solid, liquid and gaseous. The experiments described in this thesis focus on dense granular flows ad their analogies with molecular liquid flows.The work presented focuses on granular material flowing from a reservoir, in ambient air under the effect of gravity. Some properties of such jets are presented, among them the evolution of the diameter of the jet along propagation. This evolution allows one to describe granular jets as incompressible liquid jets for a certain range of parameters D (exit diameter) and d (beads diameter). When using a reduced variable D/d (the aspect ratio), a transition appears close to a critical value (approx. 15) below which the granular jet exhibit a gas-like behaviour.This transition is explained using a model supposing balance between the heat flux (from the granular temperature imposed at the wall of the reservoir) and its dissipation through inelastic collisions between the beads in the granular medium. This model allows one to compute the temperature and volume fraction profiles as well as their mean values which are in good agreement with the experimental measurements (volume fraction at the exit).In the "liquid" regime defined previously, an effective surface tension is measured by studying the unstable modes of a Rayleigh-Plateau like instability. This instability is obtained by imposing a vertical oscillation on the jet which induces a diametrical modulation whose evolution is measured. Measurements of the growth rates of these unstable modes leads to the dispersion relation $\omega (kr_{0})$ and to an effective granular surface tension. This surface tension shows a diminution when the beads' size increases, a diminution when the air pressure is reduced and a growth along propagation.The proposed mechanism explaining this effective surface tension is the interaction between the granular jet and the surrounding air. Air velocity profiles are measured for different beads diameters, different air pressures and different distances below the outlet. Using these velocity profiles, various forces exerted on the beads are calculated, leading to a surface tension whose order of magnitude is lower than the one measured through the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. The right order of magnitude can be obtained by considering the air permeation through the pores on the surface the jet and the force exerted along the surface of said pores
Kempf, Didier. „Caractérisation mécanique des surfaces et interfaces aux échelles micrométrique et nanométrique : étude des processus d’oxydation et de piqûration“. Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo predict the service time of metallic alloys, a multi-disciplinary approach is essential. The roles of mechanical, physical and chemical parameters on pit initiation will be studied. The aim of this present work is to develop new mechanical methodologies at the microscopic scale to quantify the strain gradients and the mechanical properties of the alloy surfaces. These specific methodologies will be applied to the study of the influence of the microstructure and the mechanics in the oxidation and pit initiation process. First, strain gradients induced by a mechanical solicitation will be quantified at the microscopic scale using the grating method (with metallic dots of 70 nm in diameter). A study on the influence of the heterogeneous strain fields and microstructure on pit initiation is proposed. Second, the influence of microstructure and strain mapping on the oxidation process of duplex stainless steel at the microscopic scale was studied. Grating method with non-metallic dots was used to map the heterogeneous strain field at the interface between the substrate and the thermal-oxide film. Local Auger spectroscopy was used to determine the thickness and the compositions of oxide films. At last, nano-indentation tests have been done to identify the behaviour laws of the duplex stainless steel at the grain scale. Many tests have been done with different indenter geometries in order to apply the analytical models available in the literature. The elasto-plastic parameters have been determined coupling the nano-indentation test with X-ray diffraction and finite element simulation of the nano-indentation test. Then, the grain rheologies founded have been inserted in a predictive finite element model of the duplex stainless steel behavior
Corradini, Valdis. „Auto-organisation de nanofils de Césium sur la surface (110) d'InAs et densité d'états d'un gaz d'électrons bidimensionnel à la surface de semiconducteurs“. Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066409.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaleb, Mandana. „PHENOMENES AUX INTERFACES DES ISOLANTS : MESURE ET SIMULATION“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00670594.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWALDHAUER, ANN. „Etude structurale des interfaces siliciure-silicium (111) et d'une surface vicinale de silicium (001)“. Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066664.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFischer, Diane. „Organisation de copolymères à blocs amphiphiles Polyéthylène-b-Polyéthylène glycol aux interfaces solides et liquides“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH8192/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolyethylene-b-Polyethylene amphiphilic diblock copolymers are composed of one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic block, both able to crystallize. The aim of this thesis is to better understand the behaviour of PE-b-PEG copolymers at solid and liquid interfaces, via the study of the structure and the organization of adsorbed layers. The crystallinity of bulk PE-b-PEG copolymers with different composition was characterized, revealing that the ratio PEG/PE and the blocks length impact the crystallinity degree, the morphology and the growth of crystalline structures. Thin films characterization by PM-IRRAS spectrocopy and AFM allowed to determine quantitatively the macromolecular chains orientation on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates. PE-b-PEG copolymers adsorption at the water/air and water/hexane interfaces was studied thanks to the pendant drop and the oscillating drop techniques. These results, supported by particle size analysis, revealed that copolymers can organize as nanometric spherical structures. The influence of the copolymer composition and the type of interfaces on the organization then lead to the elaboration of adsorption models of PE and PEG blocks at solid and liquid interfaces
Tran, Anh-Tuan. „Modélisation et simulation des interfaces non classiques dans l’écoulement de Stokes et dans les composites élastiques fibreux“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1071/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work, consisting of two seemingly very different parties, aims at modeling and simulating some non-classical interfaces in fluid mechanics and solid mechanics. In the first part which is the main part of the work, the Stokes flow of a fluid in a channel bounded by two parallel solid walls is studied. The surface of a solid wall being assumed to be smooth, the classic perfect adherence condition is adopted for the corresponding homogeneous fluid-solid interface. The surface of the other wall being taken to be rough and capable of trapping small pockets of air, the corresponding liquid-solid interface is heterogeneous. The first part of this work is to homogenize the heterogeneous liquid-solid interface so as to replace it by an imperfect homogeneous fluid-solid interface characterized by an effective slip length. The essential underlying problem of determining the effective slip length is achieved by developing: (i) a semi-analytical approach when the rough surface is periodic; (ii) an approach based on the fundamental solution method when the surface is randomly rough. The results obtained by the developed approaches are systematically compared with those issued from the finite element method. The second part of the work is to determine the effective elastic moduli of a fiber composite in which the interfaces between the matrix and fibers are imperfect and described by the membrane model. An efficient numerical method based on the fast Fourier transform is developed and implemented to treat the general case where the section of a fiber can be of any shape
Crespos, Cédric. „Dynamique de l'adsorption dissociative de l'hydrogène sur une surface métallique“. Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12367.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeagoe, Marian-Bogdan. „Modélisation expérimentale de phénomènes électrostatiques et tribologiques aux interfaces solide/solide“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2294/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe approach undertaken in this thesis is to explore the possibility of using the electrostatic charge to improve the dry or lubricated (two oils with different viscosity and distilled water) sliding contacts between polymeric materials (PP, PE, PS, and ABS, two types of PVC). Three experimental benches were designed and built. The first installation is a linear tribometer designed to study the sliding contacts between solids with dry or lubricated friction. It allows the adjustment to four control variables of the tribocharging process: normal force, sliding speed, time and stroke, and the measurement of three characteristics of the friction regime: the tangential force, the variation of the normal force and the relative displacement between the specimens. The second installation is a device for measuring the distribution of the surface electrical charge, and for correlating it with the temperature mappings. A third installation is designed to study the influence of the electric charge on the contact angle of droplets deposited on the surface. The experiments showed that the level of the charge generated by dry friction depends on the friction time, the wear, the contact pressure and the roughness. A charge generated by friction or by corona discharge can increase dry friction. On the other hand, the presence of electric charge on the surface of polymers can improve a lubricated contact. The contact angle measurements pointed out the influence of the nature of both solid and liquid materials involved in the contact, as well as of the electric charge of the samples
Vieujot, Emmanuelle. „Contribution des paramètres de préparation de surface et de croissance de l'oxyde aux propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques des surfaces de Si et des interfaces Si-SiO“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601806w.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGallet, Didier. „Traitements de surface d'Inp et contribution à l'optimisation des interfaces de reprises d'épitaxie InP()/InP(p) réalisées par GSMBE“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRamière, Aymeric. „Impact des rugosités sur le transport des phonons aux surfaces et interfaces à très basses températures“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112351/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at characterizing the thermal contact resistance at two interfaces of different nature. The first is a physical interface between Silicon(111) and superfluid Helium-4. The thermal contact resistance is evaluated experimentally for temperatures between 0.3K and 2.0K while varying pressure from the saturated vapor pressure to the Helium-4 solidification pressure (i.e. 25bars). Experimental results, analysed with Adamenko and Fuks model, show that nanoscale surface roughness governs heat transmission at this interface. Furthermore, a first order transition in the thermal contact resistance is revealed due to Helium-4 solidification. The second studied interface is an abrupt constriction created by a micro-junction between two suspended membranes. Even though there is no material discontinuity, Monte-Carlo numerical simulations show the existence of a thermal contact resistance between the membrane and the entrance of the junction. Using simulations we explore the effects of geometry and nanoscale surface roughness in bidimensional and tridimensional micro-structure
Miguet, Jonas. „Amincissement et stabilité de bulles de surface“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS530.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis work was done in collaboration with PepsiCo. The initial problem is based on the observation of the quantity of foam created when a supersaturated liquid, such as a carbonated beverage, is poured into a glass. Indeed, the addition of a very small amount of sweetener, representative of the concentrations found in sugar-free sodas, induces a significantly greater amount of foam than for traditional white sugar at a concentration 200 times greater. The sweetener used here is an extract of the plant stevia rebaudiana used for hundreds if not thousands of years in South America. Model experiments are proposed to study in detail two aspects of the problem: the rate of production of bubbles in the supersaturated medium and their rate of extinction at the surface. A first experiment aimed at characterizing the rate of production of bubble within a supersaturated medium. The basic notions are presented as well as an experimental procedure. On the other hand, studies on the stability of bubbles and films form the core of the manuscript. The main results of this work concern the stability and the drainage of bubbles at the surface of a liquid bath. Measurements of the impact of various ingredients commonly added in sodas on bubbles lifetime are presented. In addition, the effects of bubbles size and environmental humidity are measured on thousands of soapy bubbles, making use an automated setup. A model describing the drainage and the convective evaporation of the thin film is used to describe the measured lifetimes. Finally, a model describing the impact of marginal regeneration on the film thinning is presented and confronted with experimental data. The results show that this phenomenon controls the thinning of the film as a whole
Satti, Didier. „Etude des interfaces Ta/Si (111) et Ta/Si (100) par différentes techniques d'analyse de surface“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrats, Michel. „Conduction protonique aux interfaces eau/phospholipides étude en couche monomoléculaire par fluorescence et potentiel de surface /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600521q.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoucoules, Vincent. „Etude et modélisation des phénomènes interfaciaux solide-liquide : relation entre le mouillage, la physico-chimie et la morphologie des surfaces : optimisation des propriétés de surface par traitement mécanochimique“. Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10272.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBauget, Fabrice. „Production d'huiles lourdes par dépressurisation : étude des interfaces huile-air et modélisation du procédé“. Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112202.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is an experimental and theoretical contribution to the modeling of the crude oil production in petroleum reservoirs under depressurization. Oil is produced under the bubble point in order to take advantage of gas expansion to displace the oil phase, a process called " solution gas drive ". So far, existing reservoir simulators are able to simulate such a mechanism only for light oils. For heavy oils, there is a problem due to the high viscosity and the physicochemical properties of the oils. Standard numerical simulators can account neither for out of equilibrium mechanisms, nor flow of a dispersed gas phase. A large number of studies have been published, especially at pore level, but a literature study shows the need for a model described by continuous equations (Darcy's approach). The experimental study of physicochemical properties (dynamic surface tension, surface elasticity) of the crude components show that asphaltenes can act as a surfactant which enhance foam production above a concentration threshold. A continuum model has been developed, based on the physical mechanisms and involving only measurable variables. Gas nucleation and mass transfer are modeled using a volumic transfer function, nucleation being described by preexisting bubbles. Gas can be present either as a continuous phase or as bubbles dispersed in the oil phase. The simulations of several experiments with various rocks and fluids had proven that the model can predict the amount of oil and gas produced during the experiments
Houchmandzadeh, Bahram. „Contribution à l'étude des transitions de phase dans les lignes et interfaces“. Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleROGER, JEAN-PAUL. „Contributions a l'etude des surfaces, interfaces et films minces par la methode mirage“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066509.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaalouli, Nazek. „Développement d’un banc plasmonique en goutte et conception de nouvelles interfaces appliquées à la biodétection“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10111/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors have become very important tools for a sensitive, label-free and real-time detection of biochemical and biological interactions. Different aspects for plasmonic-based sensor have been investigated in this thesis such as the detection system configuration and the way molecules are linked to the SPR interfaces. In the first part of this thesis, the interest of a droplet-based SPR set-up was shown. This approach has allowed studying experimentally, for the first time, the excitation of surface plasmons by a diffraction grating chip, without integrated prisms. In the second part, different surface functionalization strategies have been developed on different thin film of a hybrid SPR interfaces. It was shown that silver-based SPR interfaces post-coated with amorphous silicon-carbon alloy (Ag/a-Si0.63C0.37) could be modified with amine-terminated nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), a strong chelating agent for Cu2+ ions. The interaction with his-tagged peptides could be followed, in an easy manner, by the droplet-based SPR set-up. Motivated by the interest of the glycane-lectin interaction, glycan-modified SPR chips were developed. Alkynyl-terminated mannose/lactose were covalently linked to azide functionalized gold/silicon oxide (Au/SiOx) interfaces using a "click" chemistry approach, the sensing of two different lectins (Lens culinaris and Peanut Agglutinin) was validated. In parallel, "unmodified" glycans were covalently linked to azide-tetrafluorobenzoic acid by a photocoupling strategy. This strategy showed high efficiency in the specific recognition of lectins comparable to the one obtained in the case of "clicked" sugar
Gilis, Natalia. „Enrichissements superficiels sur l’alliage or-argent: Études des compositions chimiques locales par sonde atomique tomographique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/305263.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gabet, Yann. „Étude et optimisation des interfaces fibre-matrice polymère de composites structuraux à base thermoplastique“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1244/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is devoted to the study and optimisation of glass/PA 6-6 interfacial properties for the conception of structural composite materials. A method to clean and reactivate glass surface was first developed. It allowed us to work with glass fibres and model substrates (glass plates), aiming to get controlled surfaces before the application of new coatings. Controlling the interface between the reinforcement and the matrix requires the optimisation of the sizing, which is mainly composed of film formers and coupling agents. This study consisted in the characterisation of thermal, mechanical and surface properties of the new coatings applied to the glass substrates. Different film former bases, selected for their compatibility with the processing conditions of PA 6-6, and two usual coupling agents were studied. This work allowed to identify different parameters that play a role in the improvement of interfacial properties. By working with a wide range of film formers, we could show that the use of a film former with close chemical composition from the matrix allows to reach better interfacial properties. Increasing the surface roughness of coatings also participates in this improvement. The grafting of coupling agents was more efficient after 150°C thermal treatment than 110°C, and a synergistic effect was obtained by their association to a film former. The use of film formers with high thermal resistance provided very interesting interfacial properties, also improved, for some, by the addition of silica nanoparticles. Finally, DCB mode I mechanical test was adapted to our system, allowing to estimate the fracture toughness of the glass/PA 6-6 interface which is a complementary result to the estimation of the adhesion force measured by pull-off and pull-out tests
Ben, Mansour Fathi. „Etude des phénomènes de surface et d'interface au cours de la croissance de couches minces de métaux nobles (Au, Ag, Cu) sur des surfaces réelles (100) de silicium et de germanium“. Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuchemin, Laurent. „Quelques problèmes fortement non-linéaires de surface libre et leur résolution numérique“. Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00084132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa seconde partie traite de la résolution d'écoulements potentiels en géométrie
axisymétrique. A ces fins, une méthode d'intégrales de frontières est développée. Elle est d'abord validée à l'aide de la connaissance théorique des modes d'oscillations d'une goutte en apesanteur. Elle est ensuite appliquée à deux problèmes distincts : l'impact d'une goutte sur une surface hydrophobe et la coalescence de deux gouttes en apesanteur. Ce dernier problème présentant deux échelles spatiales très différentes, un raffinement inhomogène du maillage de la surface est opéré. En outre, une comparaison entre les simulations et certains
résultats expérimentaux est effectuée.
Guille, Claire. „Etude de la formation par epitaxie par jets moleculaires des interfaces entre inas et gaas“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066415.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFilhol, Jean-Sébastien. „Solides et interfaces : des outils de modélisation et d'analyse de la complexité en matière condensée“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054331.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArveux, Emmanuel Michel. „Propriétés de surfaces et interfaces de couches minces ferroélectriques de BaTiO3 étudiées par spectroscopie de photoémission in-situ“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13921/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was to better understand the surface and interface properties of sputtered ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin films. They are typically used as dielectrics in integrated capacitors, electromechanical sensors and so. This thesis studies the chemical and electronic structures of the interface of BaTiO3 in order to understand basic mechanisms of contact formation with the substrate and the electrode like the Schottky barrier height. Furthermore, the surface stoichiometry of such films has been investigated under different thermal preparation revealing significant instability through segregation phenomenon. Finally, the doping effect with niobium is studied regarding compensation mode, dopant solubility and dielectric properties. The experimental setup allows for in-situ analysis of surface and interface properties using photoelectron spectroscopy
Cercellier, Hervé Malterre Daniel. „Etude par photoémission et microscopie à effet tunnel des relations entre propriétés structurales et électroniques des interfaces Ce/Sc(0001) et Ag/Au(111)“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2004_0157_CERCELLIER.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMila, Frédéric. „Contribution théorique à l'étude des propriétés structurales et vibrationnelles de surfaces et d'interfaces“. Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112477.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarbieux, Frédéric. „Mise en oeuvre et contrôle d'un procédé de revêtement d'acier aluminié par des verres de phosphates“. Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD901.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLützenkirchen, Johannes. „Description des interactions aux interfaces liquide - solide a l'aide des modeles de complexation et de precipitation de surface“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAuffan, Mélanie. „Nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques : relations entre la réactivité de surface et des réponses biologiques“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe growing interest in nanotechnology is comparable to a new industrial revolution. It affects also the environmental field since nanoparticles (NPs) provide solutions to several environmental issues. For instance, we have shown the strong retention efficiency of As (8As/nm2) by iron oxide NPs (6nm). This is linked to their large specific surface area and their strong surface reactivity, due to the presence of unusual adsorption sites and to the significant decrease of surface energy during adsorption. But some questions concern the (eco)toxicological impact arising from an increasing NPs production. A classification of the toxicity of oxide NPs as a function of their redox properties has been proposed. While chemically stable NPs (γFe2O3) in biological media have no apparent toxicity, NPs with a strong oxydant (CeO2) or reductive (Fe°) power appear cytotoxic for Escherichia coli and genotoxic for human fibroblasts
Rouina, Fayçal. „Caractérisations électrochimique et photoélectrochimique de couches passives à la surface du fer résultant de traitements électrochimiques“. Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSekar, Sribharani. „Modulation de l’interaction électrostatique entre nanomatériaux en solutions et aux interfaces : Vers la génération de surfaces fonctionnelles hybrides“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14811/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this manuscript, one-step bottom-up fabrication of “smart organic-inorganic hybridfunctional layers” at a liquid/solid interface were fabricated via a novel surfacefunctionalization pathway termed as “Surface Grown Hybrid Functional Layers” or SgLthrough fine tuning of electrostatic interaction between “highly stable” and oppositelycharged nanomaterials as a function of ionic strength of the dispersion. Cationic and anionicnanomaterials based on different hybrid nanoparticles/nanotubes that are very stable towardshigh saline environment have been formulated. The electrostatic complexation between theseoppositely charged nanomaterials has been studied in bulk and at an interface through theconcept of “desalting transition” pathway. In a second step, the growth of functional hybridlayers directly from a substrate via the novel SgL approach was then compared with theconventional Layer-by-Layer approach (LbL). Finally the preliminary experiments haveshown the potential applications of generated functional surfaces
Cercellier, Hervé. „Etude par photoémission et microscopie à effet tunnel des relations entre propriétés structurales et électroniques des interfaces Ce/Sc(0001) et Ag/Au(111)“. Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0157_CERCELLIER.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we have studied the structural and electronic properties of intermetallic interfaces by STM and angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES). In the first part we have studied the spin-orbit splitting (SOS) of the Shockley state in the Ag/Au(111) interface. Ag growth at 300 K follows a layer-by-layer mode, whereas annealing at higher temperatures leads to interdiffusion. ARPES measurements, supported by a modelisation of the interface, show that the SOS is proportional to the relative amounts of Au and Ag probed by the surface state wave function. This behaviour confirms the mainly atomic nature of the spin-orbit coupling in Shockley states. In the second part we have tried unsuccessfully to elaborate a strongly hybridized monocristalline a-Ce phase. RHEED measurements lead to the conclusion that the epitaxial film is in the weakly hybridized g phase, but ARPES measurements show a strong dispersive band near the Fermi level, arising from a surface state of d-symmetry
Maurice, Anthony. „Diffusion de second harmonique en milieux liquides : approche comparée des réponses de volume et de surface“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1337/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript describes the nonlinear optical process of Second Harmonic Generation (SHG acronym for Second Harmonic Generation) carried out in liquid phase. In particular, this process coherence property is studied in detail. Indeed, due to the parity of the SHG process, this coherence is lost in liquids. These studies covers several geometries to access the volume and surface responses. The benefits of a combined method are also discussed. In the first part, the typical configuration of the Hyper Rayleigh Scattering(HRS or SHS for Second harmonic scattering) is used for the study of simple systems like pure solvents. This particular study focuses on methods of standardization of molecular hyperpolarizabilities. An alternative route is proposed based on the introduction of a HRS or SHS cross. Subsequently, the effects of the higher nonlinear orders are demonstrated and interpreted, they can alter the absolute values that can be measured.The second part deals with the introduction of several improvements in the HRS or SHS measurement. In particular, the trend towards unconventional geometries away from the standard geometry as well as developments for accessing dynamic aspects are proposed. Experiments are performed on simple systems such as pure solvents, molecular compounds and the nanoparticles, all presenting specificities. This part ends on exploring the random scattering systems and associated problems. Finally, in the last part, the HRS or SHS response of aqueous salt solutions is discussed. The measures focus specifically on a comparative study of coherent and incoherent aspects and properties that can be measured in these systems
Mathieu, Gilles. „Étude des interfaces métal noble-semiconducteur : cu/si(111) et au/si(111) par différentes techniques d'analyse de surface“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMathieu, Gilles. „Etude des interfaces métal noble-semiconducteur Cu/Si(III) et Au/Si(III) par différentes techniques d'analyse de surface /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376079743.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMichel, Laura. „Méthodologie d’analyse structurelle et de restauration d’oeuvres sculptées“. Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2068/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrently, the artworks restoration, including broken statues, are based on proven but empirical techniques. Damaged statues often have broken parts. Restoration mainly consists in joining these parts. Thus appears the necessity of taking into account the interfaces mechanical properties between the different broken parts, reducing thereby the extent of repairs and thus better maintain the integrity of the work. Beside this, digital 3D acquisition techniques become more and more popular among the cultural heritage community. This thesis proposes a methodology able to use 3D acquisition datas to simulate the restoration operations and their effects on the structure. The restoration strategy can thus be tested and optimized. A laser scanner is used to acquire the statue geometry, allowing to reconstruct a 3D model for numerical simulation. Computations are carried out within the framework of deformable continuum mechanics using the FLAC3D software. In order to check all the key points ensuring mechanical stability, the behavior of reinforcing elements and those of the interfaces between blocks were considered. From the results of the present studies, a critical analysis of implemented or possible restoration strategy is proposed. In addition, several characterization methods to find the material origin and/or estimate the mechanical properties of the work are proposed : physico-chemical and mineralogical characterizations, non-destructive and destructive tests. An experimental campaign to characterize the behavior of fractures in contact with surface acquisition was performed. An analysis of correlations between mechanical and morphological interfaces properties is then developed. Finally, we propose a predictive modelling based on multiple linear and multivariate regressions. This study allow the simulation of fractured artworks behaviour
Oberle, Kenny. „Devenir des antibiotiques et des populations d'Escherichia coli et d'Enterococcus spp. dans les hydrosytèmes de surface“. Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaron, Jérôme. „Diffusion de la lumière dans les milieux stratifiés : prise en compte des interfaces rugueuses et des effets de polarisation“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGadois, Carole. „Traitement de surface sur le titane et caractérisation physico-chimique des interfaces adhésif-titane pour la réalisation d'un réservoir de gaz haute pression destiné à l'aérospatiale“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis has been conducted in the frame of the FRESCORT project in partnership with EADS Astrium and ATMOSTAT. The objective is the design and fabrication of a high-pressure helium tank for aerospace applications. The tank is made of a 0. 3mm thick T35 titanium liner coated by a composite material filament. The adhesion between the titanium surface and the composite, crucial for the assembly, is provided by an industrial epoxy-amine thermally cured adhesive. Bonding strength is strongly dependent on the surface treatment of titanium. Mechanical brushing currently performed on TA6V is less suitable for T35 liners which are easily deformable. The main objective of this PhD thesis was then to propose an alternative surface treatment to brushing. Chemical, electrochemical, thermal and plasma treatments have been performed on the T35 surface. These treatments significantly alter the morphology, the surface composition, the degree of hydroxylation and the surface free energy. One part of the thesis was focused on the characterization of the non treated and treated T35, TA6V alloys and pure titanium surfaces. The next part thesis presents the fundamental approach to study the adsorption of primary amines and industrial epoxy-amine on the surface of titanium and/or titanium oxide surfaces subjected to different treatments by means of XPS. Primary amines are adsorbed on the surface of titanium oxide by Brønsted and Lewis acid-base interactions. Lewis interactions are predominant compared to Brønsted interactions, regardless of the amine and the extent of hydroxylation of the surface, but the proportion of Lewis interactions decreases as the level of hydroxylation increases. The ToF-SIMS and profilometry studies conducted on TiO2 deposited on Si wafers show a significant influence of the amines on the thickness and the porosity of the titanium oxide layer. Finally, this thesis presents the shear tests on specimens bonded with the industrial adhesive. These tests show that the plasma treatment is a good alternative to brushing. Thick and porous layers of titanium oxide are shown to be inappropriate for adhesive bonding
Xing, Sarah. „Étude par ARPES et STS des propriétés électroniques d’un supraconducteur haute Tc à base de fer et de chaînes de polymères élaborées à la surface de métaux nobles“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0349/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we highlight the advantage of coupling techniques such as angle resolved photoemission (ARPES), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) for investigating the electronic and structural properties of nanostructured surfaces/interfaces. In the first part, the electronic structure of the reentrant superconductor Eu(Fe0.86Ir0.14)2As2 (Tc=22K) with coexisting ferromagnetic order (TM=18K) is investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). We study the in-plane and out-of-plane band dispersions and Fermi surface of Eu(Fe0.86Ir0.14)2As2. The near EF Fe 3d-derived band dispersions near the high-symmetry points show changes due to Ir substitution, but the Fermi surface topology is preserved. The superconducting gap measured at the lowest temperature T=5K (equal to 5.5meV) is beyond the weak-coupling BCS estimation for Tc=22 K. The gap gets closed at a temperature T=10K and this is attributed to the resistive phase which sets in at TM=18K due to the Eu2+ derived magnetic order. The modifications of the FS with Ir substitution clearly indicate an effective hole doping with respect to the parent compound. In the second part, we provide insight into the growth and the electronic properties of 1,4-dibromobenzene (dBB) and 1,4-diiodobenzene on Cu(110), Cu(111) and Cu(775) surfaces. The influence of the substrate is reported in this study: using a copper vicinal surface as support for on-surface Ullmann coupling leads to highly ordered, quasi-infinite polymer growth. Such a new growth mechanism, stemming from vicinal surface reconstructions is observed. The structural composition of different phases obtained in the study is discussed as a concomitant effect of the halogen and the surface geometry. Various interactions such as substrate/molecule, substrate/halogen, molecule/halogen as well as molecule/molecule interactions that took place into the polymerization mechanism are considered for analyzing the electronic properties of the different interfaces. We measured an 1.15 eV HOMO-LUMO gap in dBB/Cu(110), whereas the gap is found to be slightly higher than 1.5eV in dBB/Cu(111) and equal to 2.2eV in dBB/Cu(775). Such a metal-semiconductor transition is shown to occur when the halogen is switched (Br vs I) or the surface geometry is changed (Cu(110) vs Cu(775)) in agreement with the concomitant reduction of the polymer/substrate interaction
Horgnies, Matthieu. „Adhésion et adhérence entre les peintures automobiles et des adhésifs sensibles à la pression : influence du nettoyage sur la physico-chimie et la tenue mécanique des interfaces“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443608.
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