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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Supports de culture – Tests – Analyse"
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Putra, Ramadhan Ananditia, und Heri Suroto. „Evaluation of Secretome Tenogenic Potential from Adipose Stem Cells (ACS) in Hypoxic Condition with Fresh Frozen Tendon Scaffold Using Scleraxis (Scx), Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Collagen Type 1“. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 49 (Februar 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.49.111.
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Various studies have been conducted to see the scaffold that supports the regeneration of tendon. This study aims to analyze thein vitrosecretome tenogenic potential produced by ASCs culture with fresh frozen tendon scaffold in hypoxic conditions. ELISA tests for Scx and IGF-1 levels in secretome were obtained from ASC culture with fresh frozen tendon scaffold under normoxic (21%) and hypoxia (2%) conditions. The immunohistochemical examination of COL-1 was also carried out on the 2ndand 6thdays of cell culture. The secretion of Scx and IGF-1 was increased in secretome from ASC cultures using a fresh frozen tendon scaffold compared with those which did not (p <0.05). In the normoxia condition, Scx and IGF-1 in secretome with fresh frozen tendons had better results than hypoxic conditions (p <0.05). The highest Scx levels were obtained in culture on the 6thday (p <0.05), while the highest IGF-1 levels were obtained in the culture on the 2ndday (p <0.05). There was an increase in the secretion of Scx and IGF-1 from ASC cultures with fresh frozen tendon scaffold under the hypoxic condition of 2%.
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O'Keeffe, Mary, Brooke Nickel, Thomas Dakin, Chris G. Maher, Loai Albarqouni, Kirsten McCaffery, Alexandra Barratt und Ray Moynihan. „Journalists’ views on media coverage of medical tests and overdiagnosis: a qualitative study“. BMJ Open 11, Nr. 6 (Juni 2021): e043991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043991.
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ObjectivePromotional media coverage of early detection tests is an important driver of overdiagnosis. Following research evidence that global media coverage presents the benefits of testing healthy people far more frequently than harms, and gives little coverage to overdiagnosis, we sought to examine journalists’ views on media reporting of tests, overdiagnosis, and strategies to improve critical reporting on tests.DesignQualitative study using semistructured telephone interviews. Interviews were conducted between February and March 2020 and were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Framework thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Participants and settingTwenty-two journalists (mainly specialising in health reporting, average 14.5 years’ experience) based in Australia.ResultsThis sample of journalists acknowledged the potential harms of medical tests but felt that knowledge of harms was low among journalists and the public at large. Most were aware of the term overdiagnosis, but commonly felt that it is challenging to both understand and communicate in light of strong beliefs in the benefits of early detection. Journalists felt that newsworthiness in the form of major public health impact was the key ingredient for stories about medical tests. The journalists acknowledged that factors, like the press release and ‘click bait culture’ in particular, can influence the framing of coverage about tests. Lack of knowledge and training, as well as time pressures, were perceived to be the main barriers to critical reporting on tests. Journalists felt that training and better access to information about potential harms would enable more critical reporting.ConclusionsEffectively communicating overdiagnosis is a challenge in light of common beliefs about the benefits of testing and the culture of current journalism practices. Providing journalists with training, support and better access to information about potential harms of tests could aid critical reporting of tests.
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RYSZAWY, Damian, Justyna PODULKA, Anna TWORZYDŁO, Justyna TOMASSY, Michał JARMULSKI, Zbigniew w MADEJA und Włodzimierz KOROHODA. „Explant-Like Passaging of Cells Growing on Portable Substrata Permits the Avoidance of Enzyme Application and Facilitates the Passage Procedure“. Folia Biologica 67, Nr. 4 (31.12.2019): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb_67-4.17.
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The experiments presented in this paper show how growing cells on portable substrats can be useful to facilitate and accelerate the passaging (subculture) of anchorage-dependent cells. Experiments have shown that portable substrats are cheap, commercially available, and transparent. They are easily cut into various shapes and sizes, and are easy to sterilize. Portable substrats are also friendly to cells and permit faster than usual cell passaging procedures. Anchorage-dependent cells growing on the bottom of a culture vessel made of glass or polystyrene can be quickly passaged with previously-cut small fragments of glass fiber or nylon meshes or small fragments of polyester foil as well as nylon fishing lines and biodegradable surgeon threads that have been inserted into the vessel. The surfaces of such fragments of portable supports are quickly overgrown with cells and can be easily transferred to a new culture vessel. As with tissue explants, cells migrate and grow over the bottom of the new culture vessels. Using cell viability tests, analyses of proliferation and fluorescence microscopy, we confirmed the utility of the investigated substrats for cell culture. In addition, the passaging cells, together with a portable support (like explants), eliminate the need for an application of proteolytic enzymes which modify numerous cell properties and activities and would keep the cell from detaching from the substratum which would lead to the cell rounding and changes in the cell's cytoskeleton architecture.
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Veljović, Elma, Selma Špirtović-Halilović, Samija Muratović, Amar Osmanović, Sanin Haverić, Anja Haverić, Maida Hadžić et al. „Antiproliferative and genotoxic potential of xanthen-3-one derivatives“. Acta Pharmaceutica 69, Nr. 4 (01.12.2019): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2019-0044.
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Abstract Twelve previously synthesized, biologically active 2,6,7-trihydroxyxanthen-3-one derivatives were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity. Compounds were screened against HeLa, SW620, HepG2 and A549 tumor cell lines. Compound with the trifluormethyl group on C-4’ position of the phenyl ring showed the best inhibitory activity towards HeLa and A549 tumor cells with IC50 of 0.7 and 4.1 µmol L−1, resp. Compound with chlorine and fluorine substituents on aryl ring showed the best antiproliferative activity against SW620 with IC50 of 4.1 µmol L–1 and against HepG2 tumor cell line with IC50 of 4.2 µmol L–1. Analyses of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the trifluormethyl derivative were performed with cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in human lymphocyte culture and revealed no genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. The most potent compounds were subjected to molecular docking simulations in order to analyse bindings to molecular targets and, at the same time, further support the results of experimental cytotoxic tests. Docking studies showed sites of importance in forming hydrogen bonds of the most potent compounds with targets of interest.
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Gambarin, Patrizia, Cristian Magnabosco, Marina Nadia Losio, Enrico Pavoni, Antonietta Gattuso, Giuseppe Arcangeli und Michela Favretti. „Listeria monocytogenesin Ready-to-Eat Seafood and Potential Hazards for the Consumers“. International Journal of Microbiology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/497635.
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The risk of exposure toListeria monocytogenes(L. monocytogenes) when consuming Ready-to-Eat (RTE) seafood was assessed in the Veneto Region (Italy). Thirty-eight samples were analyzed, each sample consisted of three subunits belonging to the same batches. The first of the three units was examined immediately, the second was stored at +4°C (for all of its shelf-life) and the third at +10°C (for the latter third of itsshelf-life) before the analysis. Chemical-physical and microbiological parameters were tested simultaneously. Culture results showed the presence of viableL. monocytogenesin 9 (23,68%) of the 38 samples analysed, 3 (33,33%) of which with a concentration >100 cfu/g. PCR tests yielded 12L. monocytogenespositive samples. Semipreserves with aw (water activity) and pH values that favourL. monocytogenesgrowth were the only ones to result positive to microbiological and PCR tests. Temperature proved to be an important factor as it limits the growth ofL. monocytogenes, including products with potentially high competitive microbial charges. Four different serotypes were recovered and ribotyping has helped to highlight the genomic variability ofL. monocytogenesstrains in food. This supports the hypothesis thatL. monocytogenescontinues to evolve genetically to the detriment of phenotypic conservation.
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Maulana, Puja, und Ratih Asmarani. „Development of Board Game Media in Art Culture and Craft Learning at 5th Grade of Elementary School“. IJPSE : Indonesian Journal of Primary Science Education 2, Nr. 1 (29.11.2021): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/ijpse.v2i1.2083.
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Indonesia has a variety of cultures including traditional dances that students must know and which need to be socialized in learning. This socialization is carried out through education that is packaged as attractively as possible, namely media in the form of games (board game), especially for students. This study aims to introduce and memorize the dance culture of Indonesia in fifth grade at the elementary school level. To find out how the process of media development and how the quality of the media. This research is a type of ADDIE model research proposed by Tegeh which consists of four stages, includes analyze, design, implementation, and evaluation stage. The research subjects were fifth grade elementary school students in the academic year 2021/2022, based on field trials the results of expert validity research were in the very valid category with an overall average of 89%. The results of these student responses show a total score of 47 out of a maximum total score of 52. After being analyzed and presented as a percentage, the score is 90% with a very valid category. Based on field trials, researcher conducted tests on students with the results of classical learning completeness as much as 86%. Based on the results of data analysis in general, it can be concluded that SBdP learning using the Board Game media that has been developed greatly supports the learning process. With this, it can also be seen from the number of students who have completed the trial test on the material about traditional dance in Indonesia.
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Athanases, Steven Z., Betty Achinstein, Marnie W. Curry und Rodney T. Ogawa. „The Promise and Limitations of a College-Going Culture: Toward Cultures of Engaged Learning for Low-SES Latina/o Youth“. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 118, Nr. 7 (Juli 2016): 1–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811611800708.
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Background/Context Literatures on college-going cultures offer patterns and lists of practices that promote schoolwide attention to college-going for nondominant youth, often with organization-level analyses of policies and procedures. Other literature identifies promising practices and challenges to conventional instruction, often examining pedagogical discourse. Seldom are ideas from these two literatures brought together to examine promises and tensions of effectively preparing youth of color for higher education. Our study examined both school and classroom levels to develop such understanding. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The purpose was to learn how high schools committed to reversing historic underrepresentation of low-SES students of color in higher education may leverage two dimensions of schooling to hit this goal: development of a school-wide college-going culture with norms and roles that articulate high expectations and provide extensive supports toward college admissions and academically engaging classroom experiences that include rigorous and meaningful disciplinary challenges, supported by language-rich communication, collaboration, culture, and context. To learn about one school's complex college-for-all efforts, we asked: How is a college-going culture enacted at the school, and by whom, to support Latina/o students in gaining access to college? What is the nature of academic engagement at the school that may help prepare Latina/o students for college? Setting Urban College Academy (UCA) is a public charter high school whose population was 98% Latina/o, 35% English learners, 81% receiving free/reduced price lunch. UCA's entering students were predominantly two or more years below grade level in reading and computing, according to standardized tests. The school explicitly recruits students who have previously failed a course, and the mission statement identifies “underachieving students” as UCA's target population. Students are mostly of Mexican origin, with roughly 80% first generation. Population/Participants/Subjects We collected data from school leaders, teachers, counselors, parents, and students. At classroom level, we selected six focal teachers (diverse in subject areas, ethnicity/race, and gender). We examined work and perspectives of focal students representative of academic performance and English language proficiency per focal class. Research Design We treat UCA as a “critical case,” holding strategic importance to the problem on which the study focuses. Using qualitative methods, a survey, and structured observation scores, we worked to integrate, associate, and counter themes and findings between and across school organization and classroom levels. Data Collection and Analysis School-level analysis focused on normative social structures (goals, values, norms, and roles); resource allocations associated with advancing a mission to promote Latina/o students’ academic success and college acceptance; and factors UCA identified as relevant. Drawing on over 40 hours of transcribed interviews with a wide range of participants, we developed themes and triangulated with other data. Classroom observation data were analyzed using CLASS and Standards Performance Continuum protocols, supported by other analyses. Teacher cases used teacher history and refections on practice; videos, annotated fieldnotes; materials of teaching; and student work samples and focus groups. We found comparisons, contrasts, and tensions across lessons and classes; one case emerges as “a pocket of promise.” Conclusions/Recommendations The study reveals a need for ongoing attention to both a college-going culture and instructional interactions. It highlights distinctions between college talk (talk about college) and college-level academic discourse, or socialization versus academic functions of schooling for college access and success. The study uncovers promising instructional interactions, as well as tensions, in engaging low-SES Latina/o students in academically rigorous work. Results suggest schools supporting low-SES youth of color may need a schoolwide culture of engaged learning that is rigorous, meaningful, and infused throughout school.
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Katunar, Jana, Vinko Zaninović und Hrvoje Katunar. „MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF WINE PRODUCTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION“. Ekonomska misao i praksa 30, Nr. 1 (Juni 2021): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/emip/2021/1.2.
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This paper focuses on the determinants of wine production in the European wine industry. In the last two decades, the European wine industry has undergone many changes due to the entry of new countries into the world wine market. Although increasing competitiveness became the priority of the European Common Agricultural Policy, wine production and consumption in the EU have decreased in the last two decades, and therefore the aim of this research is to analyse and identify the macroeconomic determinants of wine production, i.e. what factors besides the price influence wine production in selected EU countries and in how they can be controlled. Empirical research was conducted using data for EU member states traditionally engaged in wine production. Panel data on wine production, wine consumption, average wine price, wine imports, wine exports and EU support to the wine sector were collected from secondary sources for 15 wine-producing EU countries and for the period 2009-2018. We estimated the econometric model using pooled OLS, as diagnostic tests indicated that this estimator was the best fit for our data. Our results suggest that domestic demand and domestic (EU) subsidies are the main drivers of wine production. To keep up with New World wine producers, even more emphasis should be placed on promoting the wine drinking culture.
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Krastiņa, Linda, und Zenta Anspoka. „Latviešu valodas apguve diasporā, izmantojot ClassFlow izglītības platformu: process un rezultāti“. Valodu apguve: problēmas un perspektīva : zinātnisko rakstu krājums = Language Acquisition: Problems and Perspective : conference proceedings 17/18 (13.09.2022): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/va.2022.17.18.333.
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The topicality of the research comes from the state policy to help the children and youth’s families belonging to the Latvia State living in the diaspora not to lose their sense of belonging to Latvia, preserve and develop their identity, language, values of Latvian national culture. The Latvian Language Agency has been offering 7–15-year-old diaspora pupils the acquisition of the Latvian language in the digital class for three years, applying the ClassFlow educational platform. Some experience has already been accumulated which enables us to judge the work process, outcomes and problems to be solved. The goal of the article is to analyse the diaspora pupils’ Latvian language acquisition process, applying the ClassFlow educational platform, and outcomes of the learning achievement. The theoretical base of the research consists of the pedagogical and linguodidactics theory. The empirical data has been obtained analysing the results of the diaspora pupils’ diagnostic work and their parents’ surveys. The diagnostics of the distance learning pupils’ Latvian language skills was implemented in autumn 2019 and repeatedly in spring, 2020 for 196 pupils in a group of 31 LLA distance learning classes. Two structurally and evaluatively equivalent diagnostic tests were developed. At the end of the school year the results of the pupils’ learning success were compared and the analysis of the success dynamics was carried out. 107 respondents or 53.5% of the LLA distance learning pupils’ families in 299 countries all over the world took part in the parents’ survey. In distance learning classes diaspora pupils acquire the Latvian language as a foreign language. During the learning process, integrated acquisition of content and language is ensured. The diagnostic tests have been made, taking into account the descriptions of the Latvian language proficiency levels. The tests include thematically related tasks in order to diagnose the acquisition of all principal language skills. Within the framework of the topic, the pupils' knowledge of Latvian cultural traditions and social events is also diagnosed. The results of the research show that 53% of the diagnosed pupils have a positive dynamics of language development, which can be explained by a regular and purposeful language acquisition process under the guidance of professional teachers. Integrated with language learning, diaspora pupils also expand their knowledge of Latvian culture, geography, historical facts and current events in Latvia. 47% of respondents' dynamics of language learning outcomes are influenced by irregular attendance of classes, lack of motivation to learn Latvian while living outside Latvia, insufficient parental support, heavy workload at home country school, pupil’s individual characteristics, insufficient technical support of the learning process by the pupil’s family, lack of the natural language environment, etc. Cooperation with the children’s parents is essential for teachers, since both the quality of classes and work planning, respecting the pupils’ needs, depend on the parental support. The research raises a question for further studies – how to organize a common diagnostics of the acquired experience for those diaspora distance learning pupils who have a high level of the Latvian language skills.
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Fuchs, Philip X., Mojca Doupona, Kinga Varga, Marta Bon, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, Loriana Castellani et al. „Multi-national perceptions on challenges, opportunities, and support structures for Dual Career migrations in European student-athletes“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 6 (25.06.2021): e0253333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253333.
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Despite Dual Careers (sports and education) and mobility of students being priorities in the funding policies of the European Commission, migrating student-athletes report severe challenges and decreased performance or dropouts at sport and academic levels. The objective of this study was to depict and assess the perceptions on challenges, support services, and their effectiveness in consideration of specific characteristics of participants and migrations. Based on a meta-synthesis and previous findings, a 50-items questionnaire was developed and completed by 245 student-athletes in 5 European countries. Participants with Dual Careers migration experience (n = 140) were considered for analyses of qualitative and quantitative (ordinal 5pt-Likert-scaled and metric) data on the Dual Career status, migration characteristics, received services, and outcomes. Chi-square-tests were conducted for differences between countries and genders at a significance level of p < .05. Country-related differences were found for experiences and intentions to migrate (X2(12) = 50.52, p<0.001), duration of the migration (X2(16) = 38.20, p = 0.001), financial support (X2(8) = 29.87, p<0.001), and decreased performances in academics (X2(16) = 56.12, p<0.001) and sports (X2(16) = 31.79, p = 0.01). Gender-related difference emerged in financial support (X2(4) = 10.68, p = 0.03), duration of the migration (X2(4) = 14.56, p = 0.01), and decreased academic performance (X2(4) = 10.57, p = 0.03). Tutoring and counselling support was ranked as the most effective support, especially when received from the academic field (4.0±1.0 pt) and others (4.1±0.8 pt), followed by online services from sport and academic sectors (both: 3.9±0.9 pt). Considering the pervasive globalization of sport and education, Dual Career migration can contribute to the development of a European sport culture. The high ratio of migrating student-athletes underlines the relevance of migrations in the field of Dual Careers. This study contributes to the literature by adding insights on practices, challenges, supports, and outcomes perceived by student-athletes migrating in Europe. Moreover, country- and gender-related differences support the consideration of specific characteristics and reveal critical factors in specific target groups. The findings contribute to identifying requirements and effective support measures in Dual Career migrations and can be used to improve support services.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Supports de culture – Tests – Analyse"
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Chartrel, Valentine. „Fonctionnalisation d’une matrice végétale à base de pois protéagineux (Pisum sativum) par voie microbienne“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB029.
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ROQUETTE transforme et valorise le pois (Pisum sativum) pour produire des protéines, des fibres et des amidons. Au cours du procédé, diffé-rentes fractions secondaires sont générées dont le soluble de pois, désigné LAB 4960 après atomisation. Ce coproduit riche en fibres est inapte pour la nutrition humaine car il peut causer des désordres diges-tifs, engendrés par la forte teneur en α-GOS, des α-galacto-oligosaccharides formés de 1 à 3 unités de galactose liées par des liaisons α-(1-6). Parmi les α-GOS, on retrouve le raffinose, le stachyose et le verbascose qui sont non digérés par l’homme mais fermentés par le microbiote intestinal. L’objectif de ce projet de thèse est donc de ré-duire la teneur en α-GOS du LAB 4960 par voie microbienne afin d’en améliorer sa digestibilité. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une stratégie a été mise en place en deux temps. Dans une première partie, une collec-tion microbienne très diverse en termes d’espèce et d’origine (végétale vs animale) a été constituée à partir de graines de pois avec la caracté-risation de la diversité microbienne du pois de différents terroirs et à partir des collections internes de l’INRAE et de la société ROQUETTE. Dans une deuxième partie, la collection a été testée pour son aptitude à hydrolyser les α-GOS du LAB 4960. Le criblage de souches a été réparti sur trois phases, impliquant différents critères de sélection. La phase 1 a permis de sélectionner les souches capables de croître sur le LAB 4960 gélosé dans deux conditions d’oxygénation (aérobie et anaérobie) et de pH (acide et neutre). La phase 2 a permis d’identifier les sucres par Chromatographie sur Couche Mince après 72 h de culture sur le LAB 4960 liquide. Les souches ayant réduit les α-GOS ont été retenues en phase 3 pour le dosage des sucres par Chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. Dans la première partie, l’étude par métagénétique de la diversité de la surface de pois de différents terroirs après trempage, a montré une forte dominance d’espèces bactériennes appartenant aux Proteobacteria (57%) et Firmicutes (28%) et d’espèces fongiques appartenant aux Ascomyco-ta (89%) et Basidiomycota (11%). La structure de la communauté épiphyte associée à la graine de pois a été fortement impactée par son origine (coopératives et pays). A partir du jus de trempage des graines de pois, 102 souches ont été isolées et assignées à 52 es-pèces. Les 52 souches du pois représentatives de chaque espèce identifiée ont été ajoutées aux 157 souches représentatives de 82 espèces microbiennes des collections internes. Dans la seconde partie, le criblage de la collection a montré que 89% des souches testées ont pu croître sur le LAB 4960 gélosé. A peu près 20% des souches ont dégradé uniquement le saccharose. L’apparition des sucres mélibiose, manninotriose et manninotétraose traduisant une défructosylation a suggéré que 19% de souches ont hydrolysé les α-GOS via une β-fructosyltransférase dont 4% provenaient du pois. Enfin, 4% des souches ont hydrolysé les α-GOS via une α-galactosidase dont 1% provenait de pois. Sur les 49 (23%) souches hydrolysant les α-GOS, deux souches se sont démarquées par leur forte activité hydrolytique : Candida pseudoglaebosa CBS 6715T et Serratia liquefaciens GBM09. Une étude sur milieu minimum, milieu LAB 4960 et en bioréacteur sur LAB 4960 de concentrations diffé-rentes a montré que, dans des conditions optimales de croissance, la bactérie GBM09 est capable d’hydrolyser les α-GOS par ordre de degré de polymérisation croissant à pH neutre et à 20°C alors que la levure CBS 6715T hydrolyse l’ensemble des α-GOS simultanément à pH acide et à 28°C. Ces essais préliminaires ont permis de valider une première preuve de concept d’un aliment fonctionnel fermenté et laissent espérer favorablement leur développement à l’échelle industrielle en ouvrant la voie à de nombreuses innovationsROQUETTE transforms and valorizes peas (Pisum sativum) to produce proteins, fibers and starches. During this process, various secondary fractions are generated, including the pea soluble, designated LAB 4960 after atomization. This fiber-rich co-product is unfit for human consumption in its current form as it can cause digestive disorders, caused by the high content of α-GOS, α-galactooligosaccharides formed from 1 to 3 galactose units linked by α-(1-6) bonds. Among the α-GOS are raffinose, stachyose and verbascose which are not digested by humans, but fermented by the intestinal microbiota. The aim of this thesis project is therefore to reduce the α-GOS content of LAB 4960 by microbial fermentation in order to improve its digestibility. To achieve this objective, a twofold strategy has been implemented. In a first part, a microbial collection that is very diverse in terms of species and ori-gins (plant vs. animal) was built up from pea seeds with the characteri-zation of the microbial diversity of peas from different terroirs and from the private collections of the INRAE Laboratory and the ROQUETTE Company. In a second part, the constituted collection was tested for its ability to hydrolyze the α-GOS from LAB 4960. The screening of the strains was split into three steps, involving different selection criteria. Step 1 allowed the selection of strains capable of growing on LAB 4960 agar under two conditions of oxygenation (aerobic and anaerobic) and pH (acidic and neutral). Step 2 allowed the identification of sugars by Thin-layer chromatography after 72 hours of culture on the liquid LAB 4960. The strains that reduced the α-GOS were selected in step 3 for the quantification of sugars by High performance liquid chromatog-raphy coupled to mass spectrometry. In the first part, the metagenetic study of pea surface diversity according to different terroirs after soak-ing, showed a strong dominance of bacterial species belonging to Proteobacteria (57%) and Firmicutes (28%) and fungal species be-longing to Ascomycota (89%) and Basidiomycota (11%). The structure of the epiphytic community associated with the pea seed was strong-ly influenced by its origin (storage cooperatives and countries). From the pea seed soaking juice, 102 strains were isolated and assigned to 52 species. The 52 pea strains representative of each identified spe-cies were added to the 157 strains representative of 82 microbial species in the internal collections. Screening of the collection showed that 89% of the strains tested were capable of growing on LAB 4960 agar. About 20% of the strains degraded only sucrose. The occurrence of sugars as melibiose, manninotriose and manninotetraose, known to be the product of defructosylation, suggested that 19% of the strains hydrolyzed α-GOS by a β-fructosyltransferase of which 4% came from peas. Finally, 4% of the strains hydrolyzed α-GOS by an α-galactosidase, of which 1% came from peas. Among the 23% strains hydrolyzing α-GOS, two strains stood out for their strong hydrolytic activity: Candida pseudoglaebosa CBS 6715T and Serratia liquefa-ciens GBM09. A study on minimum medium, LAB 4960 medium and in a bioreactor on LAB 4960 of different concentrations showed that, under optimal growth conditions, the GBM09 bacterium is capable of hydrolyzing the α-GOS in increasing order of degree of polymeriza-tion at neutral pH and at 20°C whereas the yeast CBS 6715T hydro-lyzes all the α-GOS simultaneously at acid pH and at 28°C.These preliminary trials have made it possible to validate a proof of con-cept for a fermented functional food and hold out promise of their development on an industrial scale, paving the way for many innova-tions
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Naasz, Rémi. „Flux couplés d'eau et d'oxygène dans les supports de culture organiques : analyse et modélisation“. Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0017.
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Les propriétés de rétention et de circulation de l'eau et de l'oxygène dans les supports de culture présentent de fortes particularités qui sont liées à un volume réduit de substrat (pot, conteneur), dans lequel les biodisponibilités hydrique et gazeuse fluctuent fortement et rapidement au cours de la journée. Afin d'optimiser les apports d'intrants aux besoins de la plante, tout en limitant les rejets vers l'environnement, il est nécessaire d'améliorer la compréhension des processus de transfert de matière dans les substrats au voisinage des racines. Dans cette optique, nous nous sommes tout d'abord attachés à mesurer et à comprendre l'impact des propriétés physiques de deux matériaux organiques modèles (tourbes blondes et écorces de pin compostées) sur les processus de transfert de matière, au cours d'un cycle de dessiccation-réhumectation. Cette étude préalable, a permis de proposer un modèle de fonctionnement hydrostructural des matériaux organiques. Nous avons pu notamment mettre en évidence que l'hystérèse des propriétés de surface des matériaux organiques (variation de la mouillabilité en fonction de l'état hydrique) pouvait expliquer l'hystérèse des caractéristiques hydrique et hydrodynamique de ces milieux poreux. La déformation des matériaux va également influencer les propriétés de rétention et de transfert d'eau et d'air dans le milieu. Ces modifications, qui se déroulent dans les états hydriques les plus forts, vont faire intervenir des processus hydrostructuraux différents suivant que l'on s'intéresse à la tourbe (déformation élastique totalement réversible) ou aux écorces (déformation plastique partiellement réversible). Nous avons pu également définir des gammes “optimales” de potentiel hydrique ou de teneurs en eau (où les flux d'eau et d'oxygène dans ces deux substrats sont très élevés) bien différentes des seuils empiriques de -1 kPa et -10 kPa, encore aujourd'hui utilisés pour la gestion de l'irrigation dans les cultures en pots et conteneurs. Afin de représenter l'effet des propriétés préalablement définies sur les biodisponibilités en eau et en oxygène reliées aux besoins de la plante, nous avons ensuite intégré ces propriétés dans un modèle monodimensionnel de transfert couplés d'eau et d'oxygène au voisinage des racines (fonction puits racinaire) et à l'échelle journalière. Cette approche modélisatrice a permis de mettre en évidence qu'il était difficile de réunir sur une journée de culture, et sur une gamme apparemment optimale de potentiel hydrique, en même temps des conditions de teneurs en eau et en oxygène non limitantes pour la racine. Ces résultats ont été obtenus quels que soient le substrat considéré et les états hydriques initiaux fixésDistribution and movement of liquids and gases in growing media present high specificity due to the limited volume of susbtrate (for roots fonctioning) in which water and oxygen availability highly fluctuate over a short period of time. In order to optimize management of fertigation and for subsequent plant growth in soilless culture production, it is still necessary to improve our knowledge of transfer properties (water and oxygen) at the substrate-root interface. In this context, we first precisely studied the influence of the physical properties of two organic materials model (Sphagnum peat and composted pine barks) on the dynamic of water and oxygen, during a drying-wetting cycle. A hydrostructural model was proposed for these two organic materials. We showed that hysteresis phenomena observed in the surface properties (evolution of wettability related to water potential) could be associated with hysteresis phenomena observed in the hydraulic characteristics of these porous media. The deformation of materials also influence retention and transfer properties of water and air in the substrates. Modifications of the solid phase, which occured near saturation, underline different hydrostructural behaviour depending on whether peat (elastic, reversible deformation) or barks (plastic, partly irreversible deformation) is considered. "Not-limiting" range of water potential (corresponding to high oxygen and water flows in substrates) were determined, and results obtained are quite different from the empirical thresholds of -1 kPa and -10 kPa, still used for the management of fertigation in soilless culture production. In order to represent the effect of all properties beforehand define on oxygen and water availability related to the physiological needs of the plant, we embed these properties in a one-dimension transfer coupled model of water and oxygen in the root vicinity and on a one-day time scale. If one replaces in the "not-limiting" range of water potential, our model underline that it is difficult to maintain during one day of culture, at the same time, water and oxygen content conditions not limiting for the roots. These results were obtained whatever the substrate and the water content considered
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Durand, Stan. „Taille et forme des particules des constituants des supports de culture horticoles. Relations avec leurs propriétés physiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARC168.
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En culture hors-sol, une gestion raisonnée de l’eau est nécessaire pour augmenter le rendement d’une culture. Les propriétés de rétention en eau et en air des substrats horticoles sont étroitement liées à la morphologie des particules, elle conditionne leur arrangement duquel se dessine un espace poral composant au moins 85% du volume. La morphologie détaillée des particules n'a jamais été réellement étudié pour les substrats horticoles, en partie parce que l’analyse est complexe, en raison de la grande diversité des tailles et des formes des particules. Seul le tamisage a été utilisé pour caractériser les particules, cependant cette méthode rencontre beaucoup de limites (imprécise, peu informative, pas adaptée à toutes formes de particules). Pour détailler les liens entre propriétés physiques et morphologie des particules, les recherches présentées reposent sur l’utilisation de l’analyse d’images dynamique, offrant des résultats plus précis et détaillés. Diverses mesures de répartitions granulométriques et de propriétés physiques sur une grande diversité de matériaux, ont été effectuées. Les résultats révèlent une très grande diversité des tailles et des formes des particules au sein de chaque matériau. La morphologie des particules peut être résumée par leur circularité et leur longueur. Plus la taille des particules est petite, plus le substrat est composé de pores fins, plus retient d’eau, et inversement moins d’air. Aussi l’évolution de la structure du matériau est impactée par les particules fines. Finalement, la longueur moyenne des particules est un bon estimateur de ses propriétés physiques. Ces travaux donnent des clés aux fabricants de supports de culture pour mieux designer leurs matières et encouragent à caractériser les propriétés physiques par l'étude de la morphologie des particulesIn soilless culture, a wise management of water is necessary to increase the yield of a crop. The water and air retention properties of horticultural substrates are closely linked to the morphology of the particles, which determines their arrangement and from which a pore space is formed that makes up at least 85% of the volume. The detailed morphology of the particles has never been really studied for growing media, partly because the analysis is complex, due to the great diversity of particle sizes and shapes. Only sieving has been used to characterize the particles, however this method has many limitations (inaccurate, not very informative, not adapted to all particle shapes). In order to detail the links between physical properties and particle morphology, the presented research relies on the use of dynamic image analysis, offering more precise anddetailed results.Various measurements of particle size distributions and physical properties on a wide variety of materials have been performed. The results reveal a very large diversity of particle size and shape within each material. The morphology of the particles can be summarized by their circularity and length. The smaller the particle size, the more fine pores the growing media has, the more water it retains, and conversely the less air. Also, the evolution of the material structure is impacted by finer particles. Finally, the mean length of the particles is a good estimator of its physical properties. This work gives growing media manufacturers keys to better design their materials, and encourages to characterize the physical properties by studying particle morphology
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Khelaifia, Saber. „Détection et culture des archaea associées aux muqueuses intestinale et orale humaines“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5029.
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Les archaea constituent l'un des quatre domaines connus du vivant. Contrairement à ce que leur nom laisse supposer, elles ont colonisé tous les écosystèmes et les microbiotes de certains hôtes dont l'Homme. Chez l'homme, certaines espèces d'archaea méthanogènes ont été associées aux muqueuses orale, intestinale et vaginale. Ces archaea méthanogènes sont des procaryotes anaérobies stricts et leurs conditions de culture restent fastidieuses et très mal connues. Quatre archaea methanogènes seulement ont été isolées à partir de prélèvements humains y compris dans le microbiote digestif Methanobrevibacter smithii détectée dans 95,7% des individus, Methanosphaera stadtmanae retrouvée chez environ un tiers des individus et plus récemment dans notre laboratoire Methanomassilicoccus luminyensis détectée en moyenne chez 4% des individus avec une prévalence liée à l'âge ; et dans le microbiote orale Methanobrevibacter oralis isolée à partir de la plaque dentaireArchaea is one of four known domains of life. Unlike what their name suggests, they some species of methanogenic archaea have been associated with oral, vaginal and intestinal mucosa. These methanogenic archaea are obligate anaerobic prokaryotes and their culture conditions are fastidious and very poorly known. Only four methanogenic archaea have been isolated from human samples including the digestive microbiota; Methanobrevibacter smithii detected in 95.7% of individuals Methanosphaera stadtmanae found in approximately one third of individuals and more recently in our laboratory Methanomassilicoccus luminyensis detected on average in 4% of individuals with a prevalence of age-related, and in the oral microbiota Methanobrevibacter oralis isolated from dental plaque
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Nziengui, Ikapi Moukagni Hugues John Sylvain. „Variabilité après culture in vitro de gamétophytes chez deux céréales : analyse de descendance d'haplodiploi͏̈des d'orge (Hordeum vulgare) en conditions de tests salins in situ : obtention de régénérants en présence de sel après gynogenèse chez le blé dur (Triticum durum)“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL053N.
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Chez l'orge (Hordeum vu/gare, var. Tamelalt), un test salin a été effectué ih situ sur neuf descendances andro- et gynogénétiques, dont les régénérants ont été obtenus avec ou sans NaCI dans le milieu de culture in vitro. Il révèle une variabilité d'expression pour le nombre de talles, la hauteur de plante, la masse en grains et la masse de 100 grains. Les gynogénétiques, dont GOa, produisent plus de talles que les androgénétiques et que Tamelalt. Au traitement sans sel, GOa, dont le régénérant a été obtenu in vitro sans NaCI, produit 9,20% de masse en grains de plus que Tamelalt. Au traitement 5 g/L de NaCI, la masse en grains des gynogénétiques est de 16,10 à 27,12% supérieure à celle de Tamelalt. Au traitement limitant de 10 g/L de NaCI, il y a peu de différences. L'adjonction de NaCI en culture in vitro n'a pas eu d'impact sur la tolérance au sel in situ. Par ailleurs, une corrélation négative apparaît entre le nombre de grains et la masse de 100 grains. L'analyse diallèle 3x3, comprenant GOa, met en évidence en génération F1 des effets d'A. G. C. Significatifs pour la hauteur de plante, le nombre de talles et la masse de 100 grains, montrant que l'expression moyenne des variations est très marquée. En génération F2, la ségrégation des caractères nombre de talles et hauteur de plante chez GOa suggère que les éléments héréditaires impliqués seraient nucléaires. Chez le blé dur (Triticum durum), le pseudo-tallage des régénérants après gynogenèse a été effectué jusqu'au 14ème repiquage. La production en pseudo-talles suit un profil linéaire ou de type exponentiel. Ceci montre que l'activité de multiplication des régénérants est spécifique de chaque unité de départFrom barley (Hordeum vu/gare, var. Tamelalt), in situ comparative saline test ofnine androgenetic and gynogenetic descents, the regenerants of which were obtained with or without NaCI in the in vitro culture medium, showed a large variability for the number of tillers, plant height, total seed weight and 100-seeds weight. The gynogenetic families produced more tillers than the androgenetics and Tamelalt. With the treatment without salt, gynogenetic GOa, the regenerant of which was obtained without NaCI in vitro, gave the best output in seeds and produced an increased seed weight of 9,20% over Tamelalt. Under 5 g/L NaCI, the seed weights of gynogenetic families showed an increase of 16,10 to 27,12% over Tamelalt. When irrigated with 10 g/L NaCI, the differences between the families are low. Ln vitro salt had no effect on families behaviour under in situ salt stress. Furthermore, a negative correlation showed to be established between the number of seeds and 100-seeds weight. Diallel analysis 3x3, inc1uding GOa, expressed in F1 generation significant GCA effects for plant height, number of tillers and 100-seeds weight, showing that average transmission of the variations re1ated to these characters was very strong. Ln F2 generation, the segregation of tillers number and the plant height variations from GOa suggest that implied hereditary elements wou1d be nuclear. From durum wheat (Triticum durum), pseudo-tillering of regenerants was carried out in vitro up to the 14th transfer. The production of pseudo-tillers followed linear or exponential profile, showing a specific multiplication activity for each regenerant
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Piret, Gaëlle. „Nanofils de silicium pour une analyse sensible de biomolécules par spectrométrie de masse et pour l’adressage fluidique de cellules, en vue des applications laboratoires sur puce et biopuces“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10016/document.
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Ce travail porte sur la fabrication d’un support inorganique de nanofils de silicium dédié à la détection sensible de biomolécules par désorption/ionisation laser (LDI) en spectrométrie de masse (MS). Cette technique, contrairement à l’analyse LDI assistée par matrice (MALDI), permet de s’affranchir des ions parasites de la matrice organique qui interfèrent avec les molécules de masses inférieures à 700 Da. La littérature fait état de la difficulté à déterminer les paramètres liés à la performance de la technique : nous avons varié la morphologie, la composition, la chimie de surface des nanofils de silicium et nous avons discuté de l’importance des propriétés optiques et thermiques, de la mouillabilité de surface et de l’accessibilité des molécules au faisceau laser. Le support de nanofils optimal montre une haute sensibilité de détection des molécules de petites masses (50 fois supérieure au MALDI), il s’adapte à des analyses protéomiques et nous a permis d’instaurer un contrôle complémentaire au suivi de la réaction de méthylation pour la conception d’une biopuce à peptides. Nous avons finalement travaillé sur l’intégration de ce support dans un laboratoire sur puce. Une goutte d’1 µL d’un mélange de peptide (50.10-15M) a été déplacée par microfluidique discrète (électromouillage sur diélectrique) puis analysée avec succès par LDIMS. Finalement, nous avons développé une méthode originale combinant la chimie et la topographie de surface des nanofils de silicium à des techniques de lithographie optique : des zones de différentes tensions de surface liquide/solide sont ainsi créées et sont favorables à l’adhésion localisée de protéines, de cellules et de bactériesThis work deals with the fabrication of an inorganic silicon nanowires substrate dedicated to the sensitive detection of biomolecules by laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). This technique, in contrast to the matrix-assisted LDI mass spectrometry (MALDI), allows low mass molecules’ (<700Da) analysis without parasitic peaks from the organic matrix. The literature reports the difficulty to determine the parameters linked to the technique’s performance. We varied the morphology, composition and surface chemistry of silicon nanowires, and discussed the importance of optical and thermal properties, wetting properties and accessibility of analytes to the laser beam on the silicon nanowires performance. The optimized nanowire’s substrate shows a high sensitivity for the detection of low mass molecules (50 times higher than classical MALDI). Moreover, the silicon nanowires substrate was successfully used to follow the course of the methylation reaction of peptides in a biochip format. Furthermore, the substrate integration in a lab on chip was investigated. A 1 µL droplet of a peptide mixture (50.10-15M) was displaced by digital microfluidics (electrowetting on dielectric) and successfully analyzed by LDI-MS. Finally, we developed an original method combining the chemistry and topography of silicon nanowires surface using optical lithography technique: areas with different liquid/solid surface tensions are created this way, enabling localized adhesion of proteins, cells and bacteria
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Coquil, Xavier. „Transition des systèmes de polyculture élevage laitiers vers l'autonomie. Une approche par le développement des mondes professionnels“. Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0005/document.
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Les vertus agricoles et environnementales des systèmes de polyculture élevage autonomes sont aujourd’hui reconnues par la recherche et les politiques publiques : par leur moindre consommation en intrants (engrais, pesticides, mécanisation…), et par les recyclages de matières entre cultures et élevage, ces systèmes restent productifs tout en limitant les impacts sur l’environnement. Toutefois, leur public reste confidentiel : le chemin de la réduction voire de l’abandon des intrants nécessite des changements profonds des façons de travailler pour l’agriculteur. Notre recherche vise à formaliser les transitions des systèmes de polyculture élevage laitiers consommateurs en intrants vers l’autonomie. Nous analysons la manière dont l’agriculteur appréhende son travail et le fait évoluer au cours de cette transition à partir de l’analyse de l’activité de travail (i) des agriculteurs de 9 fermes de polyculture élevage laitier du Réseau Agriculture Durable, et (ii) des protagonistes d’un système de polyculture élevage laitier expérimental de l’INRA ASTER=Mirecourt. Nous mobilisons le concept de monde professionnel comme un analyseur de l’activité de travail de l’agriculteur et accédons ainsi à une formalisation systémique de l’activité considérant les actions, les connaissances et les instruments de l’agriculteur mais aussi les objets sur lesquels il agit, les normes professionnelles auxquelles il se réfère et ses valeurs. Ainsi, nous formalisons le développement des mondes professionnels selon un processus non téléologique, une élaboration non linéaire et non incrémentale de l’expérience des agriculteurs ancrée dans leur histoire et leur culture. La créativité des agriculteurs dans l’action tient une place dans l’élaboration de cette expérience. Les genèses instrumentales, c'est-à-dire le déplacement de l’action ou des normes professionnelles de l’agriculteur par l’usage d’un artefact, sont des ressources et des moteurs du développement : 30 artefacts-clefs (matériels, cognitifs…) permettent aux agriculteurs d’agir sur l’animal, les cultures, l’économie, l’emploi, les équilibres de matière, les fourrages, le matériel, les observations, les potentialités, la productivité, les réseaux socio-professionnels, le travail et la vente durant la transition vers la polyculture élevage autonome. Ce développement, qui s’apparente à une conduite de projet, est en partie autonome, c’est-à-dire lié à des dynamiques internes au monde professionnel, et en partie social, c’est-à-dire mobilisant les normes professionnelles et les artefacts des réseaux professionnels auxquels adhère l’agriculteur. L’analyse des mondes professionnels des polyculteurs-éleveurs autonomes révèle des conduites originales en matière de cultures, d’élevage et d’interactions cultures/élevage. Cette analyse révèle également des organisations du travail variées dans les collectifs des exploitations agricoles et des souhaits relatifs au futur divers selon les agriculteurs. Ainsi, nous décrivons les singularités des façons de travailler dans ces systèmes autonomes et formalisons un panel de concepts-pragmatiques, d’instruments et d’indicateurs de conduites. Dans le champ de l’ergonomie, ce travail offre un point de vue analytique sur le développement des mondes professionnels. Dans le champ de l’agronomie système, ce travail propose (i) une prise en compte de la créativité de l’agir dans les représentations de l’action de l’agriculteur, (ii) une formalisation de l’acquisition de l’expérience y compris dans des situations de changement de paradigme pour l’agriculteur et (iii) une formalisation des ressources spécifiques de la transition mobilisées par les agriculteurs. D’un point de vue opérationnel, ce travail offre des pistes de réflexion sur les modes d’extension du public des systèmes de polyculture élevage autonomes et sur l’accompagnement des agriculteurs vers l’autonomie, en spécifiant le rôle de l’installation expérimentale de l’INRA ASTER-MirecourtAgricultural and environmental qualities of autonomous mixed-crop systems are now recognized by research and public policies: their lower consumption of inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, mechanization...), and their recycling of materials between crops and livestock allow these systems to remain productive while minimizing impacts on the environment. However, their public remains confidential: the path of the reduction or abandonment of inputs requires deep changes in ways of working for the farmer. Our research aims to formalize transition from mixed-crop systems mobilizing inputs to autonomy. We analyze how the farmer work and make his work evolve during the transition. We analyze work activity of (i) farmers in 9 mixed-crop dairy farms from the Sustainable Agriculture Network, and of (ii) experimenters of an experimental mixed-crop dairy farm in INRA ASTER-Mirecourt. We mobilize the concept of professional world as an analyzer of the work activity of the farmer and thus we access to a systemic formalization of activity considering the actions, knowledge and tools of the farmer but also the objects on which he acts, the professional standards to which he refers and his values. Thus, we formalize the development of professional worlds according to a non-teleological process, a no-linear and non-incremental development of farmers' experiences rooted in their history and culture. Creativity of farmers in the action has a place in the development of this experience. Instrumental genesis, that is to say, the movement of the action or of the professional standards of the farmer by the use of an artifact, are resources and stimulators of the development: 30 key artifacts (material tools, cognitive tools...) allow farmers to act on animals, crops, economics, employment, balance of matter, forages, equipment, observations, potential, productivity, socio-professional networks, work and sales during the transition to mixed-crop farming. This development is partly autonomous, ie linked to dynamics internal to professional world, and partly social, ie mobilizing professional standards and artifacts of professional networks of the farmer. Analysis of professional worlds of autonomous mixed-crop farmers reveals original management of crops, animals and even of crop/livestock interactions. This analysis also reveals various work organizations in farms and various wishes of farmers concerning the future. Thus, we describe the singularities of professional worlds in these autonomous systems and we formalize a range of pragmatic concepts, instruments and indicators of management used by autonomous farmers. In the field of ergonomics, this work provides an analytical perspective on the development of professional worlds. In the field of systemic agronomy, it suggests (i) taking into account action’s creativity in the representations of farmers’ action, (ii) a formalization of the acquisition of experience including situations of paradigm shift or the farmer and (iii) a formalization of specific resources of the transition to empower farmers’ development. From an operational point of view, this work suggests exploring ways (i) to extend the public of autonomous mixed-crop farming systems and (ii)!to companion farmers toward autonomous farming, specifying the role of the experimental station of INRA ASTER-Mirecourt.!
Bücher zum Thema "Supports de culture – Tests – Analyse"
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Skrodzka, Aga, Xiaoning Lu und Katarzyna Marciniak, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Communist Visual Cultures. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190885533.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Communist Visual Cultures critically examines and historically reconstructs the visual practices that have accompanied social transformations initiated by communist ideals in various parts of the world in the twentieth century. Bringing together diverse and broadly understood visual texts, including architecture, interior design, cartoons, computer games, fashion, photography, film and television, this volume explores how communism engages the visual. It is divided into five themed sections, focusing, respectively, on materiality; institutional factors and theoretical discourses; international and intercultural dimensions; visual production and strategic spectacles; and after-images, memory, and legacy of communist visual cultures. Thirty-two chapters written by an international team of scholars from their unique disciplinary perspectives investigate the ways in which communism uses visual aesthetics to articulate its value system and to implement its improvement project. The contributors ask how communist visual culture defines itself as a culture of specific media, specific forms, and specific practices. Supported by archival research and historical analysis, this volume is a call to examine the communist visual culture in a range of media and theoretical dimensions, toward a shared goal of reimagining it beyond the existing ways of thinking about it as a defunct project.
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Zago, Silvia. A Journey through the Beyond. Lockwood Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2022532.
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This volume offers the first comprehensive overview of the evolution over time of a foundational concept of the Egyptian afterlife beliefs, the Duat, or netherworld. The Duat is a complicated, multifaceted notion, which was never canonized into a single version of the beyond, but offered instead a variety of alternatives attempting to describe the metaphysical realms beyond the visible world, and beyond life. Theological speculations gave rise to a rich textual and visual repertoire, which underwent a process of evolution over thousands of years, during which newer ideas and images were constantly introduced. Through the analysis of royal and non-royal funerary texts from the late Old Kingdom to the end of the New Kingdom, this book traces the development of the conceptualization of the notion of Duat, outlining what it encompassed and where it was imagined to be located. In addition to the translation and discussion of the most significant passages of the texts analyzed, each chapter also provides an overview of the individual compositions and of the relevant theological, cosmological, and astronomical notions complementing the conceptual framework, of which the Duat formed but a part. Additionally, discussions of concurrent changes in Egyptian culture, society, and ideology are included in order to clarify the context in which afterlife beliefs and related texts evolved. An analysis of the correlation between funerary compositions and their material supports complements the study, emphasizing the Egyptians' belief in a magical synergy between texts, images, and their contexts in the activation of a suitable, effective afterlife for the recipients of the texts.
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Hurlet, Frédéric. The Roman Emperor and the Imperial Family. Herausgegeben von Christer Bruun und Jonathan Edmondson. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195336467.013.010.
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The foundation of the Principate under Augustus coincided with the expansion of Roman epigraphic culture. Given the sheer number of surviving inscriptions, imperial epigraphy provides all sorts of information about the power of the Roman emperor: its nature, its juridical basis, its modes of self-representation, including imperial titulature, and the means whereby the emperor controlled the Empire and communicated with its communities. These texts also provide evidence for the central place that the imperial family occupied in Roman society and the consensus of support that the emperors enjoyed in Rome and throughout the Empire. This chapter analyzes the texts of the imperial period, for instance key inscriptions such as the Res Gestae Divi Augusti.
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Faxneld, Per. Satanic Feminism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664473.001.0001.
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According to the Bible, Eve was the first to heed Satan’s advice to eat of the forbidden fruit. The notion of woman as the Devil’s accomplice is prominent throughout the history of Christianity and has been used to legitimate the subordination of wives and daughters. During the nineteenth century, rebellious females performed counter-readings of this misogynist tradition. Hereby, Lucifer was reconceptualized as a feminist liberator of womankind, and Eve became a heroine. In these reimaginings, Satan is an ally in the struggle against a patriarchy supported by God the Father and his male priests. The book delineates how such Satanic feminism is expressed in a number of nineteenth-century esoteric works, literary texts, autobiographies, pamphlets and journals, newspaper articles, paintings, sculptures, and even artefacts of consumer culture such as jewellery. The analysis focuses on interfaces between esotericism, literature, art, and the political realm. New light is thus shed on neglected aspects of the intellectual history of feminism, Satanism, and revisionary mythmaking. The scope of the study makes it valuable not only for historians of religion but also for those with a general interest in cultural history (or specific aspects of it like gender history, romanticism, or decadent-symbolist art and literature).
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Blake, Jonathan S. Contentious Rituals. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190915582.001.0001.
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Why do people participate in controversial symbolic events that drive wedges between groups and occasionally spark violence? This book examines this question through an in-depth case study of Northern Ireland. Protestant organizations perform over 2,500 parades across Northern Ireland each year. Protestants tend to see the parades as festive occasions that celebrate Protestant history and culture. Catholics, however, tend to see them as hateful, intimidating, and triumphalist. As a result, parades have been a major source of conflict in the years since the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement. This book examines why, given the often negative consequences, people choose to participate in these parades. Drawing on theories from the study of contentious politics and the study of ritual, the book argues that paraders are more interested in the benefits intrinsic to participation in a communal ritual than the external consequences of their action. The book presents analysis of original quantitative and qualitative data to support this argument and to test it against prominent alternative explanations. Interview, survey, and ethnographic data are also used to explore issues central to parade participation, including identity expression, commemoration, tradition, the pleasures of participation, and communicating a message to outside audiences. The book additionally examines a paradox at the center of parading: while most observers see parades as political events, the participants do not. Altogether, the book offers a new perspective on politics and culture in the aftermath of ethnic violence.
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Bouras-Vallianatos, Petros. Innovation in Byzantine Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850687.001.0001.
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Byzantine medicine is still a little-known and misrepresented field not only in the wider arena of debates on medieval medicine but also among Byzantinists. Byzantine medical literature is often viewed as ‘stagnant’ and mainly preserving ancient ideas; and our knowledge of it continues to be based to a great extent on the comments of earlier authorities, which are often repeated uncritically. This book presents the first comprehensive examination of the medical corpus of, arguably, the most important late Byzantine physician John Zacharias Aktouarios (c.1275–c.1330). The main thesis is that John’s medical works show an astonishing degree of openness to knowledge from outside Byzantium combined with a significant degree of originality, in particular, in the fields of uroscopy, pharmacology, and human physiology. The analysis of John’s edited (On Urines and On Psychic Pneuma) and unedited (Medical Epitome) works is supported for the first time by the consultation of a large number of manuscripts. The study is also informed by evidence from a wide range of medical sources, including previously unpublished ones, and texts from other genres, such as epistolography and merchants’ accounts. The contextualization of John’s works sheds new light on the development of Byzantine medical thought and practice, and enhances our understanding of the late Byzantine social and intellectual landscape. Finally, John’s medical observations are also examined in the light of examples from the medieval Latin and Islamic worlds, placing his medical theories in the wider Mediterranean milieu and highlighting the cultural exchange between Byzantium and its neighbours.
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Tsygankov, Andrei P. The Dark Double. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190919337.001.0001.
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This book studies the role of US media in presenting American values as principally different from and superior to those of Russia. The analysis focuses on the media’s narratives, frames, and nature of criticism of the Russian side and is based on texts of editorials of selected mainstream newspapers in the United States and other media sources. The book identifies five media narratives of Russia—“transition to democracy” (1991–1995), “chaos” (1995–2005), “neo-Soviet autocracy” (2005–2013), “foreign enemy” (since 2014), and “collusion” (since 2016)—each emerging in a particular context and supported by distinct frames. The increasingly negative presentation of Russia in the US media is explained by the countries’ cultural differences, interstate competition, and polarizing domestic politics. Interstate conflicts served to consolidate the media’s presentation of Russia as “autocratic,” adversarial, and involved in “collusion” with Donald Trump to undermine American democracy. Russia’s centralization of power and anti-American attitudes also contributed to the US media presentation of Russia as a hostile Other. These internal developments did not initially challenge US values and interests and were secondary in their impact on the formation of Russia image in America. The United States’ domestic partisan divide further exacerbated perception of Russia as a threat to American democracy. Russia’s interference in the US elections deepened the existing divide, with Russia becoming a convenient target for media attacks. Future value conflicts in world politics are likely to develop in the areas where states lack internal confidence and where their preferences over the international system conflict.
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Garipzanov, Ildar. Christograms as Signs of Authority in the Late Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815013.003.0003.
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The first section tests the main interpretations of Lactantius’ passage on Constantine’s victorious sign in 312 against existing graphic evidence from the 310s and early 320s, and consequently supports the interpretation of Lactantius’ description as a rhetorical device invented or modified by the Christian narrator. The next two sections support the argument that the perception of the chi-rho as Constantine’s triumphant sign became entrenched in courtly culture and public mentalities from the mid-320s onwards, and trace the diachronic change of the chi-rho from its paramount importance as an imperial sign of authority under the Constantinian dynasty to its hierarchic usage alongside the tau-rho and cross in the Theodosian period. The final section presents a contextualized discussion of the encolpion of Empress Maria and mosaics from several early baptisteries, illustrating the paradigmatic importance the chi-rho and tau-rho for early Christian graphicacy around the turn of the fifth century.
Buchteile zum Thema "Supports de culture – Tests – Analyse"
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Stöger, Benjamin, und Claudia Nerdel. „Using External Representations to Support Mathematical Modelling Competence in Biology Education“. In Shaping the Future of Biological Education Research, 35–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44792-1_3.
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AbstractThe best explanatory approaches in the natural sciences are based on mathematical models. The COVID-19 pandemic or climate change illustrate the importance of mathematical modelling. This study focusses on the influence of external representations, texts, diagrams, and images, as well as mathematical expertise, on modelling competence for biochemical concepts. Especially the cross-curricular aspect of these tasks shows the influence of different science disciplines on concrete skills and abilities in biology. Consequently, the participants were asked to complete an enzyme kinetics task that was based on Schmidt and Di Fuccia’s (Giornale Di Didattica E Cultura Della Società Chimica Italiana 34(3):331–335, 2012) seven-step modelling cycle. A mixed-methods approach, involving quantitative frequency analysis and a qualitative analysis of the participants’ statements, was used. Elaboration behaviour was found to be increased through representation, as well as expertise. These results indicate the positive influence of external representations and mathematical competence on modelling competence. Furthermore, different biological topics (e.g. epidemiology) need to be elaborated as well.
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Manninger, Sandra, und Matias del Campo. „Deep Mining Authorship“. In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 3–10. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_1.
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AbstractConsidering the emerging field of architecture and artificial intelligence, it might be necessary to contemplate the remodeling of the concept of authorship entirely. The invention of authorship is a complex historical process that can be traced back to the emergence of print culture in Europe in the 15th century. Prior to this period, most literary and artistic works were created anonymously or attributed to collective or anonymous sources, such as folklore or religious traditions. However, with the rise of printing, texts became more easily reproducible and marketable, and there emerged a need for individual authors to take credit for their works. The notion of authorship was closely tied to the idea of originality and ownership, as authors sought to assert their exclusive rights to their works and to distinguish themselves from other writers. This was supported by the development of copyright law, which granted legal protection to authors and their works, and helped to establish a market for literary and artistic works. The idea of the author as a singular, autonomous figure gained further prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries, with the emergence of romanticism and the cult of the individual. This period saw the rise of the idea of the artist as a genius, whose works were the product of their own unique creativity and imagination. This idea was further reinforced by the rise of literary criticism, which focused on the interpretation and analysis of individual works and their authors. However, as Michel Foucault and other scholars have argued, the notion of authorship is not a universal or timeless concept, but rather a historically contingent and culturally specific one. Different societies ad cultures have different understandings of authorship, and these have shifted over time in response to changes in technology, culture, and social values. As it stands now, authorship in its traditional form can hardly be applied in a context where automated collaborations provide more than 50% of the generated material. This is true for multiple art fields. Visual Arts (Mario Klingemann, Sofia Crespo, Memo Atken, Ooouch, etc.), Music (Dadabots, YACHT, Holly Herndon), Literature, etc. Very soon this will also be true for Architecture. The consequence is also an entire rethinking of the concept of the sole genius. This notion, developed by German Romanticists in the early 19th century, is, in the current context of AI-assisted creativity, completely obsolete, as we are drawing from the genius of hundreds of thousands of artists and artworks in order to interrogate the latent space for unseen artistic opportunities. More akin to an archeological dig leading to the discovery of a next-generation jet fighter plane.
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Demirci, Kenan. „Did the Media Support or Subordinate Women in the COVID-19 Pandemic?“ In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 119–34. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3799-5.ch007.
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From the point of gender studies, it is important to analyze the construction of women in the media and to determine the basic features of this construction. In this way, gender studies aim to make requests for improvement by making comments on the media texts that are heavily consumed by people. From this perspective, the focus of this study is on the images of women in TV commercials during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. In this context, the advertisements shot in 2020 and published on the YouTube video portal with the #evdehayatvar hashtag (there is life at home) were analyzed within the scope of the study. The analysis revealed that the positioning of women in private life and identification with the role of the mother in advertising continues to be an important trend in the design of women in advertising.
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Holt, Jon Patrick. „Type Five and Beyond“. In Exploring Comics and Graphic Novels in the Classroom, 46–63. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4313-2.ch003.
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Great is the need now for structure in comics-studies pedagogy, especially for Japanese manga, given the growth of comics-studies and pop-culture programs at North American colleges. Although teaching manga can be supported using any number of English-based texts, instructors will want to explore target-culture resources, such as those by Natsume, Yomota, and other Japanologists. Texts specific to Japan can improve student comprehension and interpretation of manga. The author describes methods of teaching manga using comparative analysis resources from their Japanese culture classroom. Based on experiences there, they show the use the ideas of Japanese scholars for formal analysis in order to enhance discussions of the manga page, including topics of panels, onomatopoeia, and genre conventions. American comics heavily stress sequentiality, but manga use pages, panels, and words differently to emphasize mood. By preparing for the manga classroom differently, we can offer our students tools specific to expand discussions of Japanese culture.
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Sultan, Abdullah J. „Usage Behaviors on Snapchat, Instagram, and WhatsApp“. In Research Anthology on Usage, Identity, and Impact of Social Media on Society and Culture, 1296–312. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6307-9.ch070.
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The main objective of this research is to investigate usage behaviors of different age groups across popular social-media platforms and show what usage behavior is mostly utilized in each social media platform. A sample of 2,883 social media users was used to run a series of t-tests to support the research hypotheses. The findings show that young users (compared with old users) are more likely to use social media platforms for social and personal needs. In addition, across platform analyses indicate that users of WhatsApp (compared with Snapchat and Instagram) are more likely to use the platform for socially integrative needs (e.g., connecting with friends and family and talking), while Instagram and Snapchat users are more likely to use the platforms for affective needs (e.g., entertaining), personally integrative needs (e.g., enhancing self-expression and getting to know new people), tension release (e.g., escaping from boredom), and cognitive needs (e.g., seeking information). A more detailed analysis of age groups across the platforms are further discussed.
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Annamalai, C., und T. Ramayah. „Reengineering for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems Implementation“. In Information Systems Reengineering for Modern Business Systems, 185–200. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0155-0.ch009.
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Reengineering is a concept that is applicable to all industries, particularly information and communication technology (ICT) projects regardless of organizational type, size, culture, or location. The enterprise resource planning (ERP) system frequently requires organizations to change their existing business processes to harmonize them its functional activities. 72% of the ERP implementation failures reported worldwide (Eric, 2010) because of the various critical success factors (CSFs). A Critical Success Factor (CSF) is defined as a factor needed to implement ERP system successfully. Assessing the importance of CSFs of Enterprise Resource Planning systems has always remained an important concern for academicians and researchers. This study explores and assesses the CSFs affecting the ERP implementation success. Long term Top management Support (LTS), Perceived ERP benefits (PEB), ERP in-house Training (EIT), Project Tracking (PTG), Visible Project Phases (VPP), Project Phase Update (PPU), Interdepartmental Cooperation (IDP), Strategic IT planning (STP), ERP vendor Support (EVS), and Data Analysis and Conversion (DAC) were found dominant critical factors for the success of the ERP implementation in the manufacturing sector. This study investigates how many CSFs are strongly correlated with each other for the success of ERP projects in the manufacturing sector. Furthermore, this study also tests empirically using the Statistical Package for Social Science Analysis of Moment on Structures (SPSS AMOS 18.0) to justify the level of CSFs among the local and joint-venture companies using a t-test analysis.
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Ochoa-Zezzatti, Alberto, Julio Arreola, Kyrk Haltaufoerhyde und Vinicius Scarandangotti. „Implementing a Container Ship Stowage Problem for Humanitarian Aid in Palestine Based on Cultural Algorithms“. In Handbook of Research on Military, Aeronautical, and Maritime Logistics and Operations, 309–18. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9779-9.ch016.
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Bioinspired algorithms are a generic term used to refer to the solution of computational problems, based on the planning and implementation based on existing models in the evolutionary process-related nature. Most evolutionary algorithms proposed paradigms that occur in the biology of living things and concepts of natural selection, mutation and reproduction. However, other paradigms that can be taken in the creation of evolutionary algorithms also exist such as the forces of nature, which have been many algorithms based on water, gas and wind reactions. Many of the environments involving unstructured problems in this case a problem of accommodation of containers of humanitarian aid to a company with limited resources, which can be considered from the perspective of cultural paradigms, because the cultural paradigms offer a wide range categorized models that ignore the possible solutions to the problem-a common situation in real life. The purpose of this research is to apply evolutionary computation properties of cultural technology; in this case, to corroborate through data mining analysis of how low the support of various companies use technology for their own benefit to propose a solution to a given problem, in our case carry different types of goods deemed humanitarian aid . The mentioned above, to carry out an adaptation from the standpoint of the modeling societies. An environment for conducting tests for this type of analysis in our case a model arrangement of containers was developed in order to enable learning about not very conventional characteristics of a cultural technology. This environment was named Allaliyah in Palestinian culture means “Together we can achieve everything.”
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Gupta, Gopal K. „The Bhāgavata Speaks of Woman“. In Māyā in the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, 123–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856993.003.0006.
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Indic texts have played a crucial role in constructing, and greatly influencing, gender roles and social norms in Indian society. Scholarship on these texts has identified problems of identity and hegemony that are thoroughly discussed in such fields as subaltern studies, gender studies, cultural studies, and the like. Because of cultural practices such as satῑ and religious laws for widows, Hinduism and some of its associated texts tend to have a reputation for patriarchal misogyny. In her Encyclopedia of Feminism, Lisa Tuttle advises scholars to ask “new questions of old texts;” following her lead, this chapter intends to examine the gender discourse contained in the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, focusing on the text’s characterization of women as māyā, which we have here defined as God’s deluding or covering potency. The analysis should make it plain that while the Bhāgavata does support patriarchal institutions and practices, on a deeper level it portrays women in a far more positive light, holding them in a more esteemed position than one may assume.
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Gajek, Elżbieta. „Creating Multimodal Texts for Language Learning Purposes“. In Teaching Literature and Language Through Multimodal Texts, 191–213. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5796-8.ch011.
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The idea of creating short educational video clips oriented on the language, culture, or communication is well grounded in language learning pedagogy. They support comprehension and language skills of the students, intercultural competence, and digital skill. They change repetitive tasks such as rehearsal or rote learning into attractive and motivating activities well embedded in situated learning procedures making learning more personal. The study aims at analysis of the content of over 280 video clips made by pre-service language teachers between 2008-2014. The clips are intended for a variety of educational purposes (e.g., introducing new language, illustrating usage, enhancing practice, documenting performance, and assessment). Students used subtitles, intertitles, and narrative revoicing a story. They produced various genres. The results show that student teachers are able to produce multimodal texts to enhance various stages of learning and teaching processes (presentation, practice, and assessment) while developing six out of eight lifelong learning competences.
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Shanshan, Shang. „A Comprehensive Relational Model of Factors Influencing Knowledge Sharing“. In Business Intelligence, 1881–905. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9562-7.ch093.
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This chapter aims to get the main factors affecting knowledge sharing and their influencing route so that to promote knowledge implementation through theory analysis and empirical test. The paper collects almost all the factors that have significant influence on knowledge sharing from a large amount of relative researches, and classifies the effect of factors as direct, indirect, mediate and moderate effect. Based on the deep review and analysis, the paper selects top management support, organization culture, social relationship, attitude to knowledge sharing, self-efficacy, trust, motivation, intention to knowledge sharing, IT, and training as the major influential factors and proposes a comprehensive relational model according to the effects of the factors. Finally, the paper verifies the model and examines the effects of the factors by empirical test through the data collected from questionnaires. The findings can give some guidance to managers and scholars.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Supports de culture – Tests – Analyse"
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„The Support of Human Factors for Encompassing Business Intelligence“. In InSITE 2018: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: La Verne California. Informing Science Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4043.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper attempts an inquiry into some Business intelligence (BI) implementation challenges related to human factors, and uses empirical survey data to test how the required BI coverage relates to perceived level of BI culture through such important human factors in BI as information sharing. Background: Business intelligence adoption already has a formidable body of experience, yet confusion remains over several key issues – implementation, adoption, created value. The multidimensionality of BI both in business dimensions and implementation dimensions is intended to handle the information integration requirements to produce an overarching view of business environment. The importance of human factors in utilizing BI potential lately has drawn growing attention of researchers, concentrating on such issues as information and insight sharing, emergence of intelligence community, preservation of experience. Methodology: An empirical survey of BI users, and analysis by data mining tools to disclose the strength of relationships between human factors and perceived levels of BI culture. Contribution: The paper points out the most prominent features of BI culture, and investigates their influence on perceived levels of BI culture. Findings: The results of the survey confirm that the dominating share of the respondents are well aware of BI culture, and perceive its level above mediocre. The results also support the existence of variety of delivery modes for BI results, prevalent need for information from other departments for insight development, and multiple modes of information sharing across functional borders. Respondents who are the most satisfied with their BI culture treat information sharing as one of the key features of intelligence environment. Recommendations for Practitioners: The named features of BI culture may be projected against real situation to assist evaluation of BI implementation potential and required action. Recommendation for Researchers: The cultural specifics of intelligence activities may be considered when investigating BI implementation issues. Impact on Society: Better understanding of activities in informing, and especially advanced informing. Future Research: Some issues that clearly merit further inquiry are information integration, insight development, issues of BI dimensions and agility.
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Felician, Rosca. „MUSIC IN E-LEARNING CULTURE“. In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-098.
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Although they look like a paradoxical phenomenon, vocational studies have found their place in distance education. The beginnings of this type of education can be found in Japan and Israel where experiments were conducted in the early 1990s looking for teaching methods addressing groups of children playing keyboard instruments that can be monitored through digital systems. Today we have hundreds of this type of school. Even if the subject seems to be controversial the e-learning system, with its modern distance learning concepts has a well-established tradition by the series of graduates of all major music subjects at Gh. Dima Music Academy in Cluj Napoca. This system and especially the possibility to update it are the main focus of my paper and I would like to offer a professional analysis as well as a number of practical ideas to adjust the education system and the methodology that can be used in a university education system that has a functional e-learning platform. The practice in the vocational music education system, both under its theoretical and practical forms implies the development of a platform and a specific support. If as far as the theoretical subjects are concerned we have a platform based on texts, graphics and experiments, in the field of music they will be based on examples from music, practical lessons, musical analysis regarding different music interpretation techniques, creativity studies and stage techniques, etc. Such a system implies a bulk of methods that can be recorded on video and that are obligatory in a student-centered interactive system.
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Valencia, J., M. Turrubiates und S. Olivares. „DEVELOPMENT OF DIVERSITY COMPETENCY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONALS: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION“. In The 7th International Conference on Education 2021. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246700.2021.7153.
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Migratory displacements, the multiplicity of ethnic groups, and tremendous cultural diversity in today's society (culture, sex, religion, language, education, sexual orientation) worldwide have made it necessary for health professionals to address the immediate demands and needs of society. The objective of this study was to identify the development of diversity competency through educational innovations. The methodology was quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional. The tool was a questionnaire used as a pre-test and post-test to measure the value perceived by the students participating in our university's Tec Week activities. It was applied to the total number of students enrolled in the Tec Week activities. The questionnaire was answered by 21 students participating in the activities "Me, You, Others, Us" and "Diversity in a Globalized World." Focus groups validated the questionnaire; for statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon test was used and Cronbach's Alpha (0.97). The results of the Tec Week activities "Me, You, Others, Us" and "Diversity in a Globalized World" showed the dimension in which students feel more confident in their self-reflection. For the diversity competency, it was "Strengthen my Support for Gender Equality." However, the activity in which the students did not feel confident in both the pre and post-tests was "Participate in Inclusion Initiatives with Vulnerable Groups." The development of diversity competency contributes high value to the training of health professionals. It is based on human rights and individuality and considers the patient's characteristics, expressing openness, interest, and disposition towards the diversity surrounding them. Keywords: Generic competencies, diversity competency, health professionals, higher education, educational innovation
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Rudnev, Viacheslav. „Using Folk Constructions / Phrases in Mass Media Language“. In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.7-2.
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The modern epoch produces new special demands on language as a tool of communication and information. This process occurs on TV, and printed and online mass media. Recently Russian mass media has borrowed words and phrases from folk texts related to an era of preindustrial society (when people were organically connected with nature) for news and new events. For example, the phrases ‘mushroom rains’ (characterizing perspective, promising good conditions for negotiations), the ‘goat tracks’ (difficult going for negotiations), ‘bear zeal’ (unreasonable use of force), etc. which specify described situations, are actively entered into the text of comments and show events of modern society. These phrases are used in a new context for the purpose of brighter, emotional submission of information. The study, involving ethnological data, considers both printed and online media and analyzes the meanings of these phrases in a language of Russian folk culture. Practically, by attracting these words and phrases, mass media creates a special emotional background (context) making it practical for presenting new data. The analysis of different types of metaphor promotes better understanding of problems of modern mass media in language use. In appealing to folk language’s constructions, mass media has removed boundaries and facilitates emotional intellectual judgment. This becomes a response to the change of the identity of the reader / consumer of information. The considered words and phrases (concern for wildlife and natural phenomena) were well mastered by humans in preindustrial society; they were included in ethno cultural ideas and composed a linguistic picture of the world. These are the culturally marked words that help to set up a system of coordinates in which people live, which forms the world image and, fundamental elements of ethnic culture. These words found their niche in modern news texts. Analyzing the using of folk words / phrases (result of folk life-support activity and nature use) in a modern text gives a new possibility for better understanding the relationships between language, society and culture.
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Duarte, Francisco, Raoni Rocha, Francisco Lima, Maria Luiza Fernandes und Luciano Garotti. „Safety Culture Assessment and the transformation of practices“. In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003067.
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This article presents preliminary results of the Human and Organizational Factors of Industrial Safety project under development in the Brazilian oil and gas industry since the late 2020s. It is a project carried out in 17 production units including offshore production platforms with different times production, refinery, thermoelectric, drilling rigs and different types of vessels.More specifically, this article presents the safety culture assessment methodology and proposals for transforming practices built through a participatory process.The focus will be on the pilot project developed on an offshore platform, considered as a pilot project.Approaches to safety culture assessment may have many limits if supported exclusively by quantitative methods. Based on that, a research team developed a quantitative-qualitative approach to assess the maturity of the safety culture. To that end, the team sought to develop and test a method consisting of an initial ethnographic phase, based on ergonomic work analysis (Guérin et al., 1997). This ethnographic phase was followed by 4 other distinct phases: definition of homogeneous groups; production of customized questionnaires; quantitative evaluation; and qualitative assessment. The results show the emergence of trends, from pre-defined themes in the safety culture to specific levels of maturity for each of the homogeneous groups. At the same time, it was possible to perceive that the maturity level of the groups is defined from the daily work practices developed by each one of them. Although the definitions surrounding Safety Culture are in line with regard to the sharing of practices and values, Antonsen (2009, p. 184) reminds us that every organization is composed of subgroups, each with “multiple sets of ‘individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies and patterns of behavior’, and that these may be more or less incompatible”. Thus, “several different sub-cultures will emerge from, or form around, functional groups, hierarchical levels and organizational roles” (Cooper, 2000, p. 113). A safety culture must, then, be thought of based on the sharing of practices and values at the boundaries of these subgroups, and not necessarily throughout the organization, where it would be very difficult to find a homogeneous culture.In our pilot project, proposals for transforming safety practices emerged in the qualitative phase. A debate process with different homogeneous groups (different hierarchical levels and contracted companies) allowed for a broad discussion about the main following topics: Blaming, Pertinence of the Rules, Priority in security, Bureaucracy in security and Return on Experience.The actions currently under way focus on: (i) the development of accident/incident analysis methodologies focused on root causes; (ii) the restructuring of tools such as daily safety meetings, behavioral audits, among others; (iii) in communication with the workforce and the development of an organizational device to return experience (expanding active listening) and (iv) the training of proximity managers based on real cases.References•Antonsen, S. 2009a. Safety culture and the issue of power. Safety Science, 47, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.02.004•Cooper, D.; 2000. Towards a model of safety culture. Safety Science, n. 36, p 111-136.•Guérin F, Laville A, Daniellou F, Duraffourg J, Kerguelen A. 1997. Comprendre le travail pour le transformer : la pratique de l’ergonomie [Understanding work to transform it: the practice of ergonomics]. Toulouse, France: Agence nationale pour l’amélioration des conditions de travail (Anact).
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Mengoni, Maura, Margherita Peruzzini und Michele Germani. „Virtual vs. Physical: An Experimental Study to Improve Shape Perception“. In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86225.
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Product designers, in order to create value, need to enrich their understanding of users products experience and the whole set of activities involved in it. Human-Centered Design (HCD) regards with the development of design principles to support product features definition answering to physical, psychological, social and cultural needs of human beings. Usability tests generally allow the investigation of product performance in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and users satisfaction in order to reduce the gap between the perceived and the designed product quality. Main problems concern with the assessment of emotional usability, the identification of product features stimulating affective response and their translation into design requirements. Usability tests are generally carried out only at the end of the design cycle once a final physical prototype has been realized. As a consequence design modifications increase time to market. Instead of traditional CAD-based systems (Computer Aided Design), Virtual Reality (VR) represents new Human-Computer Interfaces that can support the multimodal interaction with virtual prototypes to perform usability tests at the early design stages. The present paper explores the potentialities of VR to support usability testing mainly focusing on emotional aspects. A protocol study is defined to analyze how sample users perceive product attributes determining affordances and synaesthesia qualities. The protocol adopts qualitative and quantitative metrics to objectify users emotional response while interacting with products. It allows correlating product attributes, in terms of materials, shape and aesthetic features combination, with user behavior and product performance. It has been applied in the field of household appliances. Two different experimental set-ups, physical and virtual, have been used to validate the protocol and highlight the main VR technologies drawbacks.
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Roque e Faria, Carolinne, und Cinthyan Renata Sachs Camerlengo de Barb. „Identificação de Pragas e Doenças na Cultura da Soja por meio de um Sistema Computacional em Linguagem Natural“. In Computer on the Beach. São José: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v12.p324-331.
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Technology is becoming expressively popular among agribusiness producers and is progressing in all agricultural area. One of the difficulties in this context is to handle data in natural language to solve problems in the field of agriculture. In order to build up dialogs and provide rich researchers, the present work uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to develop an automatic and effective computer system to interact with the user and assist in the identification of pests and diseases in the soybean farming, stored in a database repository to provide accurate diagnoses to simplify the work of the agricultural professional and also for those who deal with a lot of information in this area. Information on 108 pests and 19 diseases that damage Brazilian soybean was collected from Brazilian bibliographic manuals with the purpose to optimize the data and improve production, using the spaCy library for syntactic analysis of NLP, which allowed the pre-process the texts, recognize the named entities, calculate the similarity between the words, verify dependency parsing and also provided the support for the development requirements of the CAROLINA tool (Robotized Agronomic Conversation in Natural Language) using the language belonging to the agricultural area.
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Loew, Louisa, Thomas Fischer und Jens Neuhüttler. „COOPE – a framework for managing coopetition in the platform economy“. In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003103.
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Over the last 20 years platform business models become increasingly important in global economies. Digital economy and platform business models offer great potential for adding value to digital or digital enabled products. Companies can gain significant network effects and connect with different user groups via digital transaction platforms.Companies planning to enter platform business models traditionally have a choice between ‘making or buying’ a platform or enter existing ecosystems. Both options come with significant disadvantages in terms of risk, costs and governance. A promising innovative option for smaller players like SMEs or startup companies is the “co-opetition” approach. Companies co-operating with competitors to pool their economic strength and network effects in a joint platform and reduce market entry risks. In addition, potentials for reducing the costs of setting up IT infrastructures can be realised.Despite the advantages, the co-opetition approach also presents companies with design-related challenges. One challenge, for example, is to sustainably protect key competitive advantages and unique resources despite the cooperation and intensive exchange with competitors. If two or more competitors work together on a digital platform solution to collect, analyse and use machine data, the data could create unintended transparency about machine performance, strengths and weaknesses. Clear demarcation, control options and the building of trust between the companies are needed here. At the operational level, for example, it is important to establish a culture of cooperation among employees that allows for intensive exchange in some areas and competitive thinking and behaviour in others.In this paper we present a model for co-opetition in platform-economy combining concepts of platform economy, co-opetition and agility. Based on theoretical concepts a three-dimensional model has been elaborated that reduces complexity and provides decision support for relationship building with competitors in the dimensions: (1) strategy to enter platform economy (2) design layer which allows structural but agile coordination of relationships and (3) perspectives that need consideration on platforms. By combining the different concepts and perspectives, the model provides a theoretical framework for decision-making and supports companies in assessing the potentials of coopetition and realising them through appropriate design.
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Dai, Wenwu, Yuxin Xia und Ning Jia. „"LOCALIZED REVISION OF THE EPISTEMIC CURIOSITY SCALE FOR CHINESE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS "“. In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact093.
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"Objective: The goal of this research was to revise Litman’s Epistemic Curiosity Scale (ECS), so that it can be applied to the evaluation of the developmental characteristics among Chinese senior high school students. Methods: 25 senior high school students were first invited to a trial test for confirming the item comprehensibility, after then 602 senior high students were enrolled to the formal testing for the item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. And 533 Chinese high school students responding ECS were submitted to test the construct validity of the localized Chinese-version ECS. Then the scale was applied to 366 subjects to test the internal consistency indices and criteria correlation validity. Finally, 153 senior high school students were used to test test-retest reliability of the ECS. Results: All of the 10 items were retained, through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factor model which was consistent with the original scale proved to be the most appropriate, its main goodness of fit indices were: x2/df=2.68, CFI=0.93, NFI=0.93, TLI=0.90, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.95, and RMSEA=0.06. The study found internal consistency indices (Cronbach’s alpha) from 0.73 to 0.78 in the first three samples. In addition, the ECS had a high correlation with Chinese version of Trait Curiosity Scale (r=0.53, p<0.001), test-retest reliability over 2-month interval was 0.54 to 0.56 for each of the 2 sub-scale and 0.64 for the total ECS. Conclusion: Findings in these studies support the cross-cultural validity of the ECS in Chinese senior high school students."
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Teppati Losè, Lorenzo, Filiberto Chiabrando, Francesco Novelli, Giacomo Patrucco und Stefano Perri. „DOCUMENTATION OF A COMPLEX CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSET WITH INTEGRATED GEOMATIC SURVEY: THE MONTANARO BELL TOWER“. In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12107.
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The research activities presented in this manuscript are focused on the documentation of a valuable built heritage asset: the Santa Marta bell tower (1769-1772), designed by the Italian architect Bernardo Antonio Vittone and located in the municipality of Montanaro (30 km North-East of Turin, Italy). The documentation of this complex palimpsest was designed to meet the requirements of the decay analysis and to provide a reference for the future restoration and valorisation project. To achieve these objectives a multi-scale and multi-sensor survey was designed and carried out exploiting several geomatics techniques (both range and image based). The fieldwork activities were firstly dedicated to the creation and measurement of a reference topographic network to be used as common local reference system for all the acquisitions as well as a series of control points (both inside and outside the bell towe) to be used for data orientation and accuracy assessment. Secondly, the exterior of the bell tower and its surroundings were imaged by means of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and a set of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) acquisitions. The interior of the bell tower was sensed with two different rapid mapping approaches: using a handheld laser scanner based on the Simultaneous Localisation And Mapping (SLAM) technology and two different 360° cameras. All the acquired data were processed following both consolidated and experimental approaches and then integrated to generate traditional 2D architectural drawings supported by added value metric products. Of particular interest are the tests connected with the processing of the SLAM data and 360° images using a spherical photogrammetric approach that delivered preliminar encouraging results.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Supports de culture – Tests – Analyse"
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Lora, Eduardo. Health Perceptions in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, Dezember 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011373.
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This is the first study that uniformly analyzes health perceptions in all of Latin America and tests in a systematic way their relation to economic conditions at the country, income group and individual levels. The study uses three types of health self-assessment questions: i) health satisfaction; ii) health status on a scale of 0- 10; and iii) the EuroQol 5D instrument (EQ-5D), which asks about mobility, self- care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The empirical analysis finds support for the hypothesis that cultural differences between countries prevent cross-national comparisons of health perceptions, but it does not find support for the widely held view that the same applies within countries, presumably because the poor are more tolerant of their health problems.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya, und Bohdan Markevych. MEDIA TEXTS AND PERSUASION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, März 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12170.
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Abstract. The article clarifies specific concepts of persuasion in media texts; describes new techniques of media influence based on materials of online publications; shows the role of expressive means of language and emotions in visual communication. In social communication, persuasive logos refer to meaningful words and thoughts conveyed through mass media and logically perceived as a reasonable persuasion to proper actions based on the principles of morality, ethics, and culture; informational and influential accents. In modern science (Philosophy, Psychology, Rhetoric, Linguistics), logos has acquired not only new meanings, but also has become an important concept of rational expression of free ideas, meanings, reflections. From this perspective, new media serve as the most concentrated source of logosphere and eidosphere creation, which should be thoroughly studied and analyzed every day. The research on multimedia texts, genre diversity, new platforms, and online publications has significantly contributed to the Media Studies. Techniques of persuasive communication, methods of argumentation, and verbal tools form a separate area of the research within the field. Unlike manipulation, persuasion is the conscious use of written or spoken language, interactive visualization, and infographics to influence someone’s beliefs, views, or actions; gain someone’s support, approve the suggested ways of behavior, intentions, etc. Means of persuasion in media texts serve as logical information accents aimed at the proper perception of the corresponding meanings. In general, factors of persuasion are to influence the masses and the motivation of their actions, modify views, and form public opinion. In journalism, these are meaningful words, thoughts, principles of high-quality narrative with the use of convincing arguments, facts and, most importantly, positive intentions for the readers. Persuasive media texts exclude manipulation of public opinion, trust and people’s inclination to perceive doctrines imposed on them. Keywords: persuasion, concept, visual information, social communication.